BOX 11.

Calculation sheet for ETo (FAO Penman-Monteith) using meteorological tables of Annex 2 Parameters Tmax Tmin Tmean Altitude u2 C C C m m/s ! /[! + " (1 + 0.34 u2)] " /[! + " (1 + 0.34 u2)] [900/(Tmean + 273)] u2 Vapour pressure deficit Tmax Tmin ea derived from dewpoint temperature: Tdew RHmax RHmin % % C ea = e(Tdew) (Table 2.3) e(Tmin) RHmax/100 e(Tmax) RHmin/100 ea: (average) OR ea derived from maximum relative humidity: (recommended if there are errors in RHmin) RHmax RHmean Radiation Latitude Day Month n hours Rso = [0.75 + 2 (Altitude)/100000] Ra Rs/Rso Rns = 0.77 Rs Tmax (Table 2.8) Tmin (Table 2.8) MJ m-2 d-1 ea Rs/Rso kPa (0.34-0.14 # ea) (1.35 Rs/Rso - 0.35) MJ m-2 d-1 MJ m-2 d-1 MJ m-2 d-1 Ra (Table 2.6) N (Table 2.7) n/N If no Rs data available: Rs = (0.25 + 0.50 n/N) Ra MJ m-2 d-1 MJ m-2 d-1 MJ m-2 d-1 hours % % ea = e(Tmin) RHmax/100 ea = es RHmean/100 kPa kPa kPa OR ea derived from mean relative humidity: (less recommended due to non-linearities) Vapour pressure deficit (es - ea) kPa kPa kPa kPa OR ea derived from maximum and minimum relative humidity: C C e(Tmax) (Table 2.3) e(Tmin) (Table 2.3) kPa kPa kPa Tmean - (Tmax + Tmin)/2 ! (Table 2.4 of Annex 2) " (Table 2.2 of Annex 2) (1 + 0.34 u2) C kPa/C kPa/C

Saturation vapour pressure es = [(e(Tmax) + e(Tmin)]/2

Rn = Rns - Rnl Tmonth C Gday (assume) 0

Tmonth-1

Gmonth = 0.14 (Tmonth - Tmonth-1) Rn - G MJ m-2 d-1 mm/day mm/day

0.408 (Rn - G) Grass reference evapotranspiration

mm/day

mm/day