Khoa: CNKT in T - Vin Thng Li ni u

Lp: HLTT-VT K4

Ngy nay, nhu cu truyn thng khng dy ngy cng tng. Cc h thng thng tin tng lai i hi phi c dung lng cao hn, tin cy hn, s dng bng thng hiu qu hn, kh nng chng nhiu tt hn. H thng thng tin truyn thng v cc phng thc ghp knh c khng cn kh nng p ng c cc yu cu ca h thng thng tin tng lai. Mt trong nhng gii php c a ra l ng dng cng ngh MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) vo h thng thng tin. Cng ngh MIMO c ng dng nhiu trong cc h thng ln nh Wimax, LTE (Long Term Evolution), y l hai chun c th tin ti cng ngh di ng 4G trong tng lai. Trc y, mun truy cp d liu, ta phi cn c mt ng dy c nh kt ni. Trong tng lai khng xa vi LTE, ta c th truy cp tt c cc dichj v mi lc mi ni trong khi vn ang di chuyn: xem phim cht lng cao HDTV, chi game, nghe nhc trc tuyn, ti xung cc ti nguyn mng nhanh hn,vi mt tc siu tc. chnh l s khc bit gia mng di ng th h th 3 (3G) v mng di ng th h th 4 (4G). Tuy vn cn mi m nhng mng di ng bng rng 4G ng c k vng s to ra nhiu thay i khc bit so vi nhng mng di ng hin nay. Vi mc ch tip cn lnh vc kh mi ny, em c gng tm ti, hc hi v thc hin lun vn tt nghip vi ti: Cng ngh MIMO v ng dng trong h thng thng tin di ng 4G (LTE). Vi mong mun c c kin thc nn tng v cng ngh mi MIMO v h thng di ng ang c trin khai trn th gii LTE ni ring v thng tin di ng ni chung. Ni dung n gm c 3 chng: Chng 1: Tng quan cc h thng thng tin di ng Chng 2: Cng ngh MIMO Chng 3: ng dng ca MIMO vo thng tin di ng 4G LTE

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Khoa: CNKT in T - Vin Thng

Lp: HLTT-VT K4

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN CC H THNG THNG TIN DI NG 1.1 Lch s pht trin ca cc h thng thng tin di ng

1.1.1 Th h 1G (First Generation) y l h thng thng tin di ng tng t s dng phng thc a truy nhp phn chia theo tn s FDMA v iu ch tn s FM vi cc c im: Phng thc truy nhp: FDMA. Dch v n thun l thoi. Cht lng thp. Bo mt km. Mt s h thng in hnh: NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone): s dng bng tn 450Mhz trin khai ti cc nc Bc u vo nm 1981. TACS (Total Access Communication System): trin khai Anh vo nm 1985. AMPS (Advance Mobile Phone System): trin khai ti Bc M vo nm 1978 ti bng tn 800Mhz. 1.1.2 Th h 2G (Second Generation) H thng mng 2G c c trng bi cng ngh chuyn mch k thut s (digital circuit-switched). K thut ny chim u th hn 1G vi cc c im sau: Dung lng tng. Cht lng thoi tt hn. H tr cc dch v s liu (data). Phng thc truy nhp : TDMA, CDMA bng hp. Mt s h thng in hnh: GSM (Global System for Mobile Phone) s dng phng thc truy cp TDMA c trin khai ti chu u. D-AMPS (IS-136-Digital Advance Mobile Phone System) s dng phng thc truy cp TDMA c trin khai ti M. n tt nghip

Khoa: CNKT in T - Vin Thng

Lp: HLTT-VT K4

IS-95 (CDMA One) s dng phng thc truy cp CDMA c trin khai ti M v Hn Quc. PDC (Personal Digital Cellular) s dng phng thc truy cp TDMA c trin khai ti Nht Bn. 1.1.3 Mng thng tin di ng 2.5G L th h kt ni thng tin di ng bn l gia 2G v 3G. Ch s 2.5G chnh l biu tng cho vic mng 2G c trang b h thng chuyn mch gi bn cnh h thng chuyn mch theo knh truyn thng. N khng c nh ngha chnh thc bi bt k nh mng hay t chc no v ch mang mc ch duy nht l tip th cng ngh mi theo mng 2G. Mng 2.5G cung cp mt s li ch tng t mng 3G v c th dng c s h tng c sn ca cc nh mng 2G trong cc mng GSM v CDMA. V tin b duy nht chnh l GPRS - cng ngh kt ni trc tuyn, lu chuyn d liu c dng bi cc nh cung cp dch v vin thng GSM. Bn cnh , mt vi giao thc, chng hn nh EDGE cho GSM v CDMA2000 1x-RTT cho CDMA, c th t c cht lng gn nh cc dch v c bn 3G (bi v chng dng mt tc truyn d liu chung l 144 kbit/s), nhng vn c xem nh l dch v 2.5G (hoc l nghe c v phc tp hn l 2.75G) bi v n chm hn vi ln so vi dch v 3G thc s. EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution), hay cn gi l EGPRS, l mt cng ngh di ng c nng cp t GPRS - cho php truyn d liu vi tc c th ln n 384 kbit/s dnh cho ngi dng c nh hoc di chuyn chm, 144kbit/s cho ngi dng di chuyn vi tc cao. Trn ng tin n 3G, EDGE c bit n nh l cng ngh 2.75G. Thc t bn cnh iu ch GMSK, EDGE dng phng thc iu ch 8-PSK tng tc d liu truyn. Chnh v th, trin khai EDGE, cc nh cung cp mng phi thay i trm pht sng BTS cng nh l thit b di ng so vi mng GPRS. 1.1.4 Th h 3G (Third Generation) y l th h th ba ca chun cng ngh in thoi di ng, cho php truyn c d liu thoi v ngoi thoi (ti d liu, gi email, tin nhn nhanh, hnh nh). 3G cung cp c hai h thng l chuyn mch gi v chuyn mch knh.H thng 3G yu cu mt mng truy cp radio hon ton khc so vi h thng 2G hin nay. im mnh ca cng ngh ny so vi 2G l cho php truyn, nhn cc d liu, m thanh, hnh nh cht lng cao cho c thu bao c nh v thu bao ang di chuyn cc tc khc nhau. n tt nghip
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Khoa: CNKT in T - Vin Thng

Lp: HLTT-VT K4

Mng 3G c trng bi tc d liu cao, capacity ca h thng ln, tng hiu qu s dng ph tn v nhiu ci tin khc. C mt lot cc chun cng ngh di ng 3G, tt c u da trn CDMA, bao gm: UMTS (dng c FDD ln TDD), CDMA2000 v TD-SCDMA: UMTS (i khi cn c gi l 3GSM) s dng k thut a truy cp WCDMA. UMTS c chun ho bi 3GPP. UMTS l cng ngh 3G c la chn bi hu ht cc nh cung cp dch v GSM/GPRS i ln 3G. Tc d liu ti a l 1920Kbps (gn 2Mbps). Nhng trong thc t tc ny ch tm 384Kbps thi. ci tin tc d liu ca3G, hai k thut HSDPA v HSUPA c ngh. Khi c 2 k thut ny c trin khai, ngi ta gi chung l HSPA. HSPA thng c bit n nh l cng ngh 3,5G.

HSDPA: Tng tc downlink (ng xung, t NodeB v ngi dng di ng). Tc ti a l thuyt l 14,4Mbps, nhng trong thc t n ch t tm 1,8Mbps (hoc tt lm l 3,6Mbps). Theo mt bo co caGSA thng 7 nm 2008, 207 mng HSDPA v ang bt u trin khai, trong 207 thng mi ho 89 nc trn th gii. HSUPA: tng tc uplink (ng ln) v ci tin QoS. K thut ny cho php ngi dng upload thng tin vi tc ln n 5,8Mbps (l thuyt). Cng trong cng bo co trn ca GSA, 51 nh cung cp dch v thng tin di ng trin khai mng HSUPA 35 nc v 17 nh cung cp mng ln k hoch trin khai mng HSUPA.

CDMA2000: bao gm CDMA2000 1xRTT (Radio Transmission Technology), CDMA2000 (Evolution -Data Optimized) v CDMA2000 EV-DV(Evolution -Data and Voice). CDMA2000 c chun ho bi 3GPP2. CDMA2000 l cng ngh 3G c la chn bi cc nh cung cp mng CdmaOne. CDMA2000 1xRTT: chnh thc c cng nhn nh l mt cng ngh 3G, tuy nhin nhiu ngi xem n nh l mt cng ngh 2,75G ng hn l 3G. Tc ca 1xRTT c th t n 307Kbps, song hu ht cc mng trin khai ch gii hn tc peak 144Kbps.

CDMA2000 EV-DO: s dng mt knh d liu 1,25MHz chuyn bit v c th cho tc d liu n 2,4Mbps cho ng xung v 153Kbps cho ng ln. 1xEV-DO Rev A h tr truyn thng gi IP, tng tc ng xung n 3,1Mbps v c bit c th y tc ng ln n 1,2Mbps. Bn cnh , 1xEV-DO Rev B cho php n tt nghip
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Khoa: CNKT in T - Vin Thng

Lp: HLTT-VT K4

nh cung cp mng gp n 15 knh 1,25MHz li truyn d liu vi tc 73,5Mbps.

CDMA2000 EV-DV: tch hp thoi v d liu trn cng mt knh 1,25MHz. CDMA2000 EV-DV cung cp tc peak n 4,8Mbps cho ng xung v n 307Kbps cho ng ln. Tuy nhin t nm 2005, Qualcomm dng v thi hn vic pht trin ca 1xEV-DV v a phn cc nh cung cp mng CDMA nh Verizon Wireless v Sprint chn EV-DO.

TD-SCDMA l chun di ng c ngh bi "China Communications Standards Association" v c ITU duyt vo nm 1999. y l chun 3G ca Trung Quc. TD-SCDMA dng song cng TDD. TD-SCDMA c th hot ng trn mt di tn hp 1,6MHz (cho tc 2Mbps) hay 5MHz (cho tc 6Mbps). Ngy xut hnh ca TD-SCDMA b y li nhiu ln. Nhiu th nghim v cng ngh ny din ra t u nm 2004 cng nh trong th vn hi Olympic gn y. 1.1.5 Cng ngh 4G H thng thng tin di ng th h 3 sang th h 4 qua giai on trung gian l th h 3,5 c tn l mng truy nhp gi ng xung tc cao HSDPA. Th h 4 l cng ngh truyn thng khng dy th t, cho php truyn ti d liu vi tc ti a trong iu kin l tng ln ti 1 cho n 1.5 Gbps. Cng ngh 4G c hiu l chun tng lai ca cc thit b khng dy. Cc nghin cu u tin ca NTT DoCoMo cho bit, in thoi 4G c th nhn d liu vi tc 100 Mbps khi di chuyn v ti 1 Gbps khi ng yn, cho php ngi s dng c th ti v truyn ln hnh nh ng cht lng cao. Chun 4G cho php truyn cc ng dng phng tin truyn thng ph bin nht, gp phn to nn cc nhng ng dng mnh m cho cc mng khng dy ni b (WLAN) v cc ng dng khc. Th h 4 dng k thut truyn ti truy cp phn chia theo tn s trc giao OFDM, l k thut nhiu tn hiu c gi i cng mt lc nhng trn nhng tn s khc nhau. Trong k thut OFDM, ch c mt thit b truyn tn hiu trn nhiu tn s c lp (t vi chc cho n vi ngn tn s). Thit b 4G s dng my thu v tuyn xc nhn bi phn mm SDR (Software - Defined Radio) cho php s dng bng thng hiu qu hn bng cch dng a knh ng thi. Tng i chuyn mch mng 4G ch dng chuyn mch gi, do , gim tr thi gian truyn v nhn d liu.

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Khoa: CNKT in T - Vin Thng 1.2 Tng quan v mng 4G

Lp: HLTT-VT K4

Nhu cu i vi cc h thng sau 3G Khi nhn vo tng lai, cu hi chnh t ra cho cc nh cung cp thit b mng l khi no v ti sao ngi dng cn n cc mng khng dy sau 3G. Mi my nm trc, in thoi l ng dng u tin c di ng ha. Vi nm sau th SMS (Short Message Service) tr thnh ng dng truyn d liu di ng u tin vo c th trng i chng. n nay th nhng mng in thoi di ng n gin nht cng c kh nng truyn SMS do bi yu cu thp v bng thng ca n. C th xem SMS chnh l dch v tin phong ca nhng dch v truyn d liu khc nh e-mail di ng, duyt Web di ng v nhiu dch v khc na. Nhng ng dng nh vy tr thnh hin thc nh s xut hin cc mng khng dy truyn cc gi d liu theo giao thc IP. n nay th dung lng cc mng 3G v 3.5G vn cho yu cu v bandwidth ca cc ng dng ny v s lng ngi dng hin c. Nhng c th thy trong tng lai khng xa, mt s xu hng s lm tng yu cu v bandwidth: Mc s dng mng khng dy ngy cng tng: do gi thnh ngy cng h, ngy cng c nhiu ngi s dng cc ng dng khng dy cn truy cp mng. Ni dung a phng tin: tuy nhng n lc u tin di ng ha Web ch t c cc trang Web ch yu l vn bn, nhng ni dung ha ngy cng tr nn ph bin hn. Mt hnh nh c th ni thay cho hng nghn t ng, nhng n cng lm tng lng d liu cn c truyn i cho mi trang Web. Vic ti xung m nhc v phim nh cng ang tr nn ph bin hn, lm tng hn na yu cu v bng thng. Cc mng x hi di ng: tng t nh trong Internet ng dy c nh, c mt dng ng dng mi ang thay i cch thc con ngi s dng Internet. Trong qu kh, ngi dng ch yu ch tiu th ni dung. Ngy nay th cc blog, cc site chia s hnh nh v cc cng truyn ti phim ang nh hnh li Internet, bi v ngi dng khng ch tiu th ni dung na m nay dng mng chia s nhng tng, hnh nh v phim nh ca h vi ngi khc. Voice over IP: th gii thoi ng dy c nh ang nhanh chng chuyn sang hng VoIP. Nhiu kh nng l ch khong nm nm na, nhiu mng thoi chuyn knh ng dy c nh hin nay s chuyn hon ton sang truyn thoi da trn IP. Tng t nh vy, v phng din truy cp mng, nhiu ngi dng s s dng VoIP nh dch v thoi chnh ca h, v d nh qua cc mng DSL hoc TV cp. Hin nay c th thy nhng ng thi chuyn dch ny ri, bi v th trng thoi chuyn knh ang chu p lc ngy cng tng do s st gim s lng thu bao. Kt qu l, nhiu n tt nghip
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Khoa: CNKT in T - Vin Thng

Lp: HLTT-VT K4

nh cung cp dch v thoi ng dy c nh khng cn u t vo cng ngh chuyn knh na. C th quan st thy mt xu hng tng t trong cc mng khng dy. Tuy nhin, s dch chuyn y chm hn nhiu, c bit l do yu cu v bng thng cao hn truyn cc cuc thoi qua mt ng truyn chuyn gi. S thay th cho ng dy c nh: trong khi lng thng thoi ngy cng tng th doanh thu ngy cng gim cc mng ng dy c nh ln khng dy do cc thu bao ngy cng gim. V vy, nhiu nc, cc nh cung cp dch v khng dy ang c gng km gi hoc tng doanh thu bnh qun trn mi thu bao bng cch cho mi kh nng truy cp Internet cho my PC, my tnh xch tay v cc thi t b di ng trn cc mng UMTS/HSDPA hoc CDMA ca h. Nh vy l h bt u cnh tranh trc tip vi cc nh cung cp dch v DSL v cp. Mun cnh tranh thnh cng, h cng phi tng thm bng thng trn mng ca mnh. S cnh tranh t nhng nh cung cp dch v Internet khng dy khc: mt s nc, cc nh cung cp dch v khc v ang cho mi kh nng truy cp Internet khng dy broadband bng cc mng Wifi hoc Wimax/802.16. Nhng nh cung cp nh th cnh tranh trc tip vi cc nh cung cp dch v UMTS v CDMA truyn thng vn ang hot ng trong th trng ny. Mt s cng ngh khng dy hin ang c xy dng hoc ang trong giai on trin khai ban u, c thit k p ng nhu cu tng lai ny: LTE ca 3GPP, HSPA+ v Wimax. Cu hi t ra l trong bi cnh nh vy, nhng cng ngh no l 3G hin nay, v cng ngh no c xem l 4G trong tng lai? C quan chu trch nhim phn loi cc mng khng dy l ITU (International Telecommunication Union). ITU phn loi cc mng vin thng di ng quc t (international mobile telecommunication_IMT) nh sau: Cc h thng IMT-2000: tc nhng h thng m ta gi l 3G hin nay, v d UMTS v CDMA2000. Cc h thng Enhanced IMT-2000: s pht trin ca cc h thng IMT-2000 (tc sau 3G), v d nh HSPA, CDMA 1xEvDo v nhng th h pht trin hn na ca chng trong tng lai. Cc h thng IMT-Advance: cc h thng thuc loi ny c xem l h thng 4G. Trong lin minh vin thng quc t ITU, nhm cng tc 8F(ITU-R WP 8F) ang tin hnh nghin cucc h thng k tip sau IMT-2000. ITU-R WP 8F tuyn b rng cn c cc cng ngh v tuyn di ng mi p ng cc kh nng cao hn IMT-2000, n tt nghip
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Khoa: CNKT in T - Vin Thng

Lp: HLTT-VT K4

tuy nhin vn cha ch r l cng ngh no. Thut ng IMT-Adv cng s c cc bc pht trin ging nh IMT-2000 v s c cc kh nng ca cc h thng trc . Trong gii nghin cu, mt s n ang c tin hnh trong IMT-Advance v th h sau ca truy nhp v tuyn. Chng hn nh n Winner c h tr mt phn kinh t t lin minh chu u l n dnh cho nghin cu vn ny. Khi nim ca Winner c rt nhiu cc phn t gn ging vi LTE. Tuy nhin Winner t mc tiu cho tc s liu cao hn v v th c thit k cho bng thng rng hn 20Mhz. LTE l mt trong cc con ng tin ti 4G. LTE s tn ti trong giai on u ca 4G, tip theo s l IMT Adv. LTE cho php chuyn i dn t 3G UMTS sang giai on u ca 4G sau sang IMT Adv. Chuyn i dn t LTE sang IMT Adv l cha kha ca thnh cng trn th trng. 3GPP bt u hng n IMT-Advance cng cho v tuyn vng ni ht di ci tn LTE-Advance. LTE-Advance l mt phn ca 3GPP Release 10 v IMT-Advance s c trin khai vo nm 2013 hoc sau .

Hnh 1.1: Tc bit v s pht trin di ng n IMT-Advance Ngoi LTE ca 3GPP cn c cc hng chuyn i khc sang 4G. 3GPP2 cng v ang thc hin k hoch nghin cu LTE cho mnh, h thng do 3GPP2 xut l UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband).Ngoi ra Wimax cng c k hoch tin ti 4G. Mt l trnh tin ti mng 4G ca cc cng ngh c th hin nh hnh 1.2:

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Khoa: CNKT in T - Vin Thng

Lp: HLTT-VT K4

Hnh 1.2: Qu trnh pht trin cc cng ngh thng tin di ng 4G UMB Chun UMB hin nay c pht trin bi 3GPP2 vi k hoch l s thng mi ho trc 2009. Mt s c im k thut nh sau: Cc k thut Multiple radio v antenna tin tin: Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), a truy nhp phn chia theo khng gian (Spatial Division Multiple Access (SDMA)) v k thut beamforming antenna Cc k thut qun l nhiu tin tin (Improved interference management techniques) Tc d liu cao nht (peak data rates) Ln ti 288 Mbps ng ln, 75 Mbps ng xung Ln ti 1000 ngi s dng VoIP ng thi (vi s cp pht 20 MHz FDD) n tt nghip
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Khoa: CNKT in T - Vin Thng IEEE 802.x

Lp: HLTT-VT K4

Chun ny bt ngun t mng WiFi, sau tin ln 802.16e ri 802.16m v by gi l 802.20 Chun IEEE 802.20 cn c gi l truy nhp v tuyn bng rng di ng WBMA (Mobile Broadband Wireless Access). N c th h tr ngay c khi ang di chuyn vi vn tc ln ti 250 km/h. Trong khi chuyn vng (roaming) ca WiMAX nhn chung b gii hn trong mt phm vi nht nh, th chun IEEE 802.20 ging nh 3G c kh nng h tr chuyn vng ton cu. Ngoi ra, cng ging nh WiMAX, IEEE 802.20 cng h tr cc k thut QoS nhm cung cp nhng dch v c yu cu cao v tr, jitter... Trong mng EEE 802.20, vic ng b gia ng ln v ng xung u c thc hin hiu qu. D kin, chun IEEE 802.20 tng lai s kt hp mt s tnh nng ca IEE 802.16e v cc mng d liu 3G, nhm cung cp v to ra mt mng truyn thng a dng (rich communication). 3GPP LTE H thng 3GPP LTE, l bc tip theo cn hng ti ca h thng mng khng dy 3G da trn cng ngh di ng GSM/UMTS, v l mt trong nhng cng ngh tim nng nht cho truyn thng 4G. Lin minh Vin thng Quc t (ITU) nh ngha truyn thng di ng th h th 4 l IMT Advanced v chia thnh hai h thng dng cho di ng tc cao v di ng tc thp. 3GPP LTE l h thng dng cho di ng tc cao. Ngoi ra, y cn l cng ngh h thng tch hp u tin trn th gii ng dng c chun 3GPP LTE v cc chun dch v ng dng khc, do ngi s dng c th d dng thc hin cuc gi hoc truyn d liu gia cc mng LTE v cc mng GSM/GPRS hoc UMTS da trn WCDMA. 3GPP LTE c kh nng cp pht ph tn linh ng v h tr cc dch v a phng tin vi tc trn 100Mb/s khi di chuyn tc 3km/h, v t 30Mb/s khi di chuyn tc cao 120km/h th tc truyn l trn 30 Mb/s. Tc ny nhanh hn gp 7 ln so vi tc truyn d liu ca cng ngh HSDPA (truy nhp gi d liu tc cao). Do cng ngh ny cho php s dng cc dch v a phng tin tc cao trong khi di chuyn bt k tc no nn n c th h tr s dng cc dch v ni dung c dung lng ln vi phn gii cao c in thoi di ng, my tnh b ti PDA, in thoi thng minh... n tt nghip
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Khoa: CNKT in T - Vin Thng u im ni bt:

Lp: HLTT-VT K4

Dung lng truyn trn knh ng xung c th t 100 Mbps v trn knh ng ln c th t 50 Mbps. Tng tc truyn trn c ngi s dng v cc mt phng iu khin. S khng cn chuyn mch knh. Tt c s da trn IP. VoIP s dng cho dich v thoi. Kin trc mng s n gin hn so vi mng 3G hin thi. Tuy nhin mng 3GPP LTE vn c th tch hp mt cch d dng vi mng 3G v 2G hin ti. iu ny ht sc quan trng cho nh cung cp mng trin khai 3GPP LTE v khng cn thay i ton b c s h tng mng c. OFDMA v MIMO c s dng trong 4G LTE thay v CDMA nh trong 3G. LTE-Advance S pht trin ca LTE Advance/IMT Advance c ch ra bng di v s tin trin t cc dch v ca 3G c pht trin t k thut UMTS/W-CDMA.

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Khoa: CNKT in T - Vin Thng Bng 1.3: So snh thng s c dim ca cc h thng

Lp: HLTT-VT K4

Mt s c im ca LTE Advance: Tc d liu nh: 1 Gbps cho ng xung v 500 Mbps cho ng ln. Bng thng s dng: 20Mhz_100Mhz. Hiu qu ph nh: 30bps/Hz cho ng xung v 15 bps/Hz cho ng ln. Thi gian ch: nh hn 50 ms khi chuyn t trng thi ri sang trng thi kt ni v nh hn 5ms cho mi chuyn mch gi ring l. Tnh di ng: ging LTE. Kh nng tng thch: LTE Advance c kh nng lin kt mng vi LTE v cc h thng ca 3GPP. Mt s k thut dng trong LTE-Advance: C mt s k thut chnh gip cho LTE Advance t c tc d liu cao.MIMO v OFDM l hai k thut c bn.Bn cnh , cn c mt s k thut khc s c trin khai.Trong s , k thut MC-MC-CDMA (Multicode Multicarrier Code Devision Multiple Access) l mt ng c ang c nghin cu v bn ci hin nay.

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Khoa: CNKT in T - Vin Thng 1.2.1 Kin trc mng LTE

Lp: HLTT-VT K4

LTE c thit k h tr cho cc dch v chuyn mch gi, i lp vi chuyn mch knh truyn thng. N hng n cung cp cc kt ni IP gia cc UE ( User Equipment) v PDN (Packet Data Network), m khng c bt k s ngt qung no i vi nhng ng dng ca ngi dng trong sut qu trnh di chuyn. Trong khi thut ng LTE cp quanh s tin trin vic truy cp v tuyn thng qua E-UTRAN ( Evolved UTRAN), n cn c kt hp cng vi cc phng din ci tin khng v tuyn di thut ng SAE ( System Architecture Evolution) bao gm mng li gi ci tin EPC ( Evolved Packet Core). LTE cng vi SAE to thnh h thng gi ci tin EPS (Evolved Paket System).

Hnh 1.3: S chuyn i cu trc UTRAN sang E-UTRAN Hnh 1.3 cho thy cc thnh phn chnh ca mt mng li v mng truy nhp v tuyn LTE. So snh vi UMTS, mng v tuyn t phc tp hn. Mc ch chnh ca LTE l ti thiu ha s Node. V vy, ngi ta quyt nh rng cc RNC nn c g b, v chc nng ca chng c chuyn mt phn sang cc trm c s v mt phn sang nt Gateway ca mng li. phn bit vi cc trm c s UMTS, cc trm c s ca LTE c gi l Enhanced Node (eNodeB). Bi v khng cn phn t iu khin trung ng trong mng v tuyn na nn gi y cc trm c s thc hin chc nng qun l d liu truyn ti mt cc t lp, v bo m cht lng dich v. Tuy nhin cc RNC v iu khin cc knh truyn ti dnh cho dch v thoi v chuyn knh. n tt nghip
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Khoa: CNKT in T - Vin Thng

Lp: HLTT-VT K4

Hnh 1.4: Kin trc EPS EPS dng khi nim EPS Bearers tm dch l thng bo EPS nh tuyn IP t Gateway trong PDN n UE. Mt thng bo l mt gi IP c gi l QoS ( Quality of Service) gia Gateway va UE.

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Khoa: CNKT in T - Vin Thng

Lp: HLTT-VT K4

Hnh 1.5: Cc thnh phn trong mng EPS EPS cung cp cho ngu dng mt kt ni IP n mt PDN truy cp Internet, cng nh l thc thi cc dch v VoIP. Mt thng bo EPS in hnh c kt hp vi mt QoS. Nhiu thng bo c th c thit lp cho mt ngi dng cung cp nhiu dng QoS khc nhau hoc kt ni n c PDN khc nhau. V d nh, ngi dng va thc hin cuc gi VoIP, va duyt Wep hoc download FTP (File Transfer Protocol). Mt thng bo VoIP s cung cp QoS cn thit cho cuc gi thoi, trong khi mt thng bo best-effort s thch hp cho duyt Wep hoc phin FEP. Hnh 1.4 ch ra mt cu trc mng EPS bao gm nhiu thnh phn mng v cc giao din chun. tng cao, mng gm c Core Network CN (EPC) v mng truy cp EUTRAN. Trong khi CN bao gm nhng nt vt l th mng truy cp ch c mt nt duy nht, l eNodeB ( evolved NodeB), phn t kt ni n cc UE. Mi phn t s kt ni vi cc phn t khc thng qua nhng giao din chun cho php tng kt. 1.2.2 S khc nhau gia 3G v 4G Hin nay, cng ngh 3G cho php truy cp Internet khng dy v cc cuc gi c hnh nh. 4G c pht trin trn cc thuc tnh k tha t cng ngh 3G. V mt l thuyt, mng khng dy s dng cng ngh 4G s c tc nhanh hn mng 3G t 4 n 10 ln. Tc ti a ca 3G l tc ti xung 14Mbps v 5.8Mbps ti ln. Vi cng ngh 4G, tc c th t ti 100Mbps i vi ngi dng di ng v 1Gbps i vi ngi dng c nh. 3G s dng cc di tn quy nh quc t cho UL : 1885 n tt nghip
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Khoa: CNKT in T - Vin Thng

Lp: HLTT-VT K4

2025 MHz; DL : 2110-2200 MHz; vi tc t 144kbps-2Mbps, rng BW: 5 MHz. i vi 4G LTE th Hot ng bng tn : 700 MHz-2,6 GHz vi mc tiu tc d liu cao, tr thp, cng ngh truy cp sng v tuyn gi d liu ti u. Tc DL :100Mbps( BW 20MHz), UL : 50 Mbps vi 2 aten thu mt anten pht. tr nh hn 5ms vi rng BW linh hot l u im ca LTE so vi WCDMA, BW t 1.25 MHz, 2.5 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz. Hiu qu tri ph tng 4 ln v tng 10 ln s ngi dng/cell so vi WCDMA. u im ni bt

Tc d liu cao hn rt nhiu ln so vi 3G Tng hiu qu s dng ph v gim thi gian tr Cu trc mng s n gin hn, v s khng cn chuyn mch knh na Hiu qu tri ph tng 4 ln v tng 10 ln user/cell so vi WCDMA. rng bng tn linh hot cng l mt u im quan trng ca LTE i vi WCDMA Cc ng dng to nn u im ca 4G LTE so vi 3G Hiu sut ph cao - OFDM DL Chng nhiu a ng Hu ht d liu ngi dng th t hn di ng SC-FDMA UL PAPR thp Ngi dng trc giao trong min tn s MIMO

Tc d liu cao - Pht nhiu dng d liu c lp song song qua cc anten ring l => tng tc d liu. (s dng MIMO) tr thp -Thi gian ci t v thi gian tr hon chuyn tip ngn -Tr HO v thi gian ngt ngn : TTI ngn, trng thi RRC n gin Gi thnh r - Cu trc mng n gin, gim cc thnh phn ca mng

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Khoa: CNKT in T - Vin Thng Cht lng dch v cao

Lp: HLTT-VT K4

- S dng cc tn s cp php m bo cht lng dch v : LTE s dng cc di tn s khc nhau : 2100 MHz, 1900 MHz, 1700 MHz, 2600 MHz, 900 MHz, 800 MHz. - Lun lun th nghim ( gim thi gian tr trong iu khin nh tuyn) - Gim tr kh hi ( round trip delay) Tn s ti s dng linh hot Gim nhiu lin cell vi tn s ti s dng ln hn 1. - S dng hai di tn s: Di 1 : h s ti s dng ln hn 1 => cng sut pht cao hn Di 2 : ph cn li - Cc user cnh cell : s dng di 1 => SIR tt - Cc user trung tm cell : s dng ton b bng => tc d liu cao Dung lng v vng bao ph ca WCDMA UL b gii hn bi can nhiu: can nhiu bn trong cell v can nhiu lin cell. Nhng i vi LTE th : do tnh trc giao nn can nhiu trong cng mt cell c th khng xt n v gim can nhiu inter-cell bng ti s dng cc b, thm cc anten c th trit can nhiu.

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