TRNG CAO NG CNG NGHIP HU

82
- nh gi hiu qu ca 2 thut ton kt qu l:
+ C hai thut ton hiu qu cho vic x l tn hiu b nhiu ting vang,
thut ton tr ph hiu qu hn khong cch gn cn thut ton to mt n hiu
qu khong cch xa.
+ Khng phi tt c cc php nh gi hiu qu trong mi trng nhiu
th hiu qu trong mi trng b nhiu ting vang, m ch c mt s php o hiu
qu nh php o PESQ v php o SEG_SRR cn php o khong cch WSS th
tng i hiu qu.
V l do hn ch v thi gian, cng nh gii hn v iu kin nghin cu
thc nghim tc gi xut cc hng nghin cu tip theo.
- Nghin cu cc thut ton x l gim nhiu ting vang khc da trn m
hnh thng k khai thc tnh cht khc nhau gia ting ni v ting vang.
- nh gi hiu qu ca thut ton vi cc mi trng nhiu ting vang
phc tp hn.
- Xt n nh hng ca nhiu nn ln hiu qu ca thut ton.
- Nghin cu cc php nh gi khch quan ph hp cho vic nh gi
x l ting vang.

TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] Ths.Hong L Uyn Thc (2008), Gio trnh x l tn hiu s, i hc
Bch Khoa - i hc Nng.
[2] Tuan V. Pham (2008), Wavelet Analysis For Robust Speech Processing and
Applications, Electronic & Telecommunication Engineering Danang University
of Technology
[3] Philippos C.Loizou (2007), Speech Enhancement Theory and practice ,
PP2-7
[4] Vinay K.Ingle, John G.ProaKis (1997), Digital signal processing using
Matlab, Northeasterm University, PWS Publishing Company.
[5] D.Gelbart, N.Morgan (2002), Evaluating Long-Term Spectral Subtraction
For Reverberant ASR, ICSLP.
[6] C.Avendano, S.Tibrewala, and H.Hermansky (1997), Multiresolution
Channel Normalization for ASR in Reverberant Environments, EUROSPEECH,
Rhodes, Greece.
Tp san KHOA HC & CNG NGH * S 2-2014 83
[7] Habets, Emanuel A.P (2007), Single- and Multi-Microphone Speech
Dereverberation using Spectral Enhancement, Eindhoven University Press.
[8] Philipos C.Loizou (2007), Speech enhancement theory and practice, Chapter
10 - Evaluating Performance of Speech Enhancement Aglorithms, CRC Press, June .
[9] Patrick A. Naylor, Nikolay D. Gaubitch, and Emanul A. P. Habets (2010),
Signal-Based Performance Evaluation of Dereverberation Algorithms, Journal of
Electrical and Computer Engineering, volume.
[10]Graham Grindlay (2008), Blind Dereverberation of Audio Signals, E4810
Final Project, University of Columbia, December.
[11]R.Ratnam, D.Jones, C.Wheeler, and D.OBrien (2003), Blind Estimation of
Reverbeartion Time, Journal of the Acoutical Society of America, 114(5): 2877-
2892.
Cc trang web
[12] http://www.ee.columbia.edu/~grindlay/classes/E4810/project.html
[13] http://www.ee.columbia.edu/~dpwe/e4810/projects.html
[14] http://www.icsi.berkeley.edu/speech/papers/asru01-meansub-corr.html
TRNG CAO NG CNG NGHIP HU

84
M HNH HA, M PHNG V IU KHIN NG C BLDC
Ths. L nh Hiu

TM TT
ng c in mt chiu khng chi than (Brussless DC Motor: BLDC)
thuc h ng c ng b ba pha nam chm vnh cu c iu khin bi bin tn
c 6 van bn dn hoc 4 van bn dn. ng c ny c cc tnh cht nh ng c
in mt chiu c chi than nh m men khi ng ln,
im c bit ca ng c BLDC l khng c vnh gp v chi than nn
khng to ra tia la in trong qu trnh lm vic ph hp vi iu kin hot ng
chng chy n, rung ng v yu cu an ton cao [8],[9]. T nhng c tnh im
u vit , ng c BLDC c s dng rt nhiu trong thc t sn xut cng
nghip i hi tnh kht khe v chnh xc trong iu khin tc v/hoc v tr
nh: iu khin tay my, iu khin Robot cng nghip, my tin v my mi cng
ngh cao, bng ti, iu khin a cng (Hard Disk) [4], truyn ng chn vt tu
thy, ng dng trong my cng c y hc,
Trin vng ng dng ng c BLDC ngy cng c thc t chp nhn vi
yu cu kht khe v an ton, chnh xc v bn vng, tui th cao, lm vic trong
mi trng khc nghit nh nhit cao, nhim, phng x, rung ng, bi bn v
chy n vi di cng sut t vi Watt n hng trm Kil Watt.
T nhng trin vng ng dng v yu cu ln nh vy, bi bo ny gii
thiu n bn c v phng php m hnh ha, m phng v iu khin ng c
BLDC theo cc phng php iu khin dng in phn ng s.

I. GII THIU V NG C BLDC.
1. Cu to ng c BLDC.
ng c BLDC thuc h ng c ng b tuy nhin ng c BLDC c
kch t bng nam chm vnh cu dn trn rotor v dng dng in DC chy qua dy
qun ba pha phn ng stator. Cng ging nh ng c ng b thng thng, cc
cun dy ng c BLDC c t lch nhau 120
0
in trong khng gian ca stator.
Cc thanh nam chm c dn vo thn rotor lm nhim v kch t cho ng c.
im khc bit v hot ng ca ng c BLDC so vi cc ng c ng b nam
chm vnh cu khc l ng c BLDC bt buc phi c cm bin v tr rotor cho
ng c hot ng. Nguyn tc iu khin ca ng c BLDC l xc nh v tr
rotor iu khin dng in vo cun dy stator tng ng, nu khng ng c
khng th t khi ng hay thay i chiu quay. Chnh v nguyn tc iu khin
da vo v tr rotor nh vy nn ng c BLDC i hi phi c mt b iu khin
chuyn dng phi hp vi cm bin Hall iu khin ng c.
Tp san KHOA HC & CNG NGH * S 2-2014 85
a) b)
Hnh 1. a) Cu to ca ng c BLDC 3pha, roto mt i cc t; b) S kt ni
ng c BLDC vi bin tn v b iu khin [1].
2. Mt s u im v nhc im ca ng c BLDC [4],[6],[8].
- u im:
+ Mt t thng khe h khng kh ln,
+ T l cng sut/ khi lng my in cao,
+ T l mmen/qun tnh ln nn tng tc nhanh,
+ Dao ng ca mmen nh ngay c khi vn hnh tc thp,
+ Mmen iu khin c v tr bng khng,
+ Phm vi iu chnh tc ln v tc cao,
+ Tng tc v gim tc ng c trong thi gian ngn,
+ Hiu sut cao do kch t bng nam chm vnh cu gim tn hao ng
v st trn roto,
+ ng c khng c chi than, vnh trt nn khng tn chi ph bo tr
chi than,
+ Thay i c tnh ng c bng cch thay i c tnh ca nam chm
kch t v cch b tr nam chm trn rotor,
+ Kt cu gn.
- Nhc im:
+ Gi thnh cao do roto ng c lm bng nam chm vnh cu,
+ iu khin tc v v tr thng qua iu rng xung ca bin tn nn
kh phc tp v gi thnh b iu khin cao,
+ Phi b tr cm bin o v tr ca roto nn gi thnh cao v iu khin
phc tp hn,
+ Nam chm vnh cu s dng lu ngy c th gi ha v gim t tnh,
+ Khi vn hnh nhit tng cao s gy nh hng t tnh nam chm
trn roto.
3. Phng trnh ton hc ca ng c in mt chiu khng chi than
(BLDC)[5],[7],[8].
TRNG CAO NG CNG NGHIP HU

86

a) b)
Hnh 2. a) S mch ng lc ca ng c BLDC, b) S mch in tng
ng [2].

Hnh 3. M hnh iu khin tc ng c BLDC s dng cm bin [5].
(
(
(

+
(
(
(

(
(
(

+
(
(
(

(
(
(

=
(
(
(

c
b
a
c
b
a
cc cb ca
bc bb ba
ac ab aa
c
b
a
s
s
s
n cs
n bs
n as
E
E
E
I
I
I
dt
d
L L L
L L L
L L L
I
I
I
R
R
R
v V
v V
v V
0 0
0 0
0 0
(1)
Trong :
- R
S
: in tr ca cun dy pha stator R
A
= R
B
= R
C
= R
S
(bap ha i xng)
- I
a
, I
b
, I
c
: dng in chy trn cc pha A, B, C.
- E
a
, E
b
, E
c
: Sut in ng phn hi cc pha A, B, C.
-
n
v l in p im trung tnh a ra bi:
| | BEMFs V V V v
cs bs as n
E + + =
3
1
(2)
BEMFs E tng trung bnh sut in ng phn hi ca tng pha.
Sut in ng phn hi cm ng c dng hnh thang v c gi tr xung nh sau:
Tp san KHOA HC & CNG NGH * S 2-2014 87
Ep =(BLv)N = N(Blre) = Nue = e (3)
Trong :
- B l mt t thng (Wb: v-be).
- L l chiu di roto ng c.
- N l s vng dy trn mt pha.
- e l tc gc t thng.
- u l t thng mc vng = B.L.r.
- l tng t thng mc vng .
Gi thit ba pha ca ng c BLDC l i xng ta c:
aa
L =
bb
L =
cc
L = L
ab
L =
bc
L =
ca
L = M
Nu khng c s thay i t tr (reluctance) trong roto ng c vi gc quay,
phng trnh (1) c th vit li nh sau:
(
(
(

+
(
(
(

(
(
(

+
(
(
(

(
(
(

=
(
(
(

c
b
a
c
b
a
c
b
a
s
c
b
a
E
E
E
I
I
I
dt
d
L M M
M L M
M M L
I
I
I
R
V
V
V
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
. (4)
Xt trng hp dng in trn cc pha ca ng c c cng bc sao cho:
I
a
+ I
b
+ I
c
= 0 (5)
Ta c th bin i phng trnh (4) tr thnh:
(
(
(

+
(
(
(

(
(
(

+
(
(
(

(
(
(

=
(
(
(

c
b
a
c
b
a
c
b
a
s
cs
bs
as
E
E
E
I
I
I
dt
d
M L
M L
M L
I
I
I
R
V
V
V
0 0
0 0
0 0
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
. (6)
M men in t tng ca ng c to ra:
| |
e
c c b b a a
e
I E I E I E
T
+ +
= (7)
Sut in ng cm ng c th vit nh sau:

e u
e u
e u
. ). (
. ). (
. ). (
fc E
fb E
fa E
c
b
a
=
=
=
(8)
Trong ) (u fa , ) (u fb , ) (u fc l cc hm ca sut in ng phn hi c phm vi
gi tr ln nht 1.
Phng trnh ng hc m men ca ng c:

L e
T T B
dt
d
J = - + e
e
(9)
Trong :
T
L
l m men ca ph ti.
TRNG CAO NG CNG NGHIP HU

88
J l m men qu tnh ca ng c.
B l h s ma st Ficous.
Tc ro to v v tr c mi quan h nh sau:
e
u
- =
2
P
dt
d
(10)
Vi P l s cc t ca ng c.
Phi hp tt c cc phng trnh trn, m t phng trnh trng thi ca ng c
di dng rt gn nh sau:
u B x A x . .
'
+ = (12)
x C y .
'
=
Trong :
- Vc t bin trng thi: | |
T
c b a
I I I x
'
u e = (13)
- Ma trn khng gian trng thi:
(
(
(
(
(
(

=
0 2 / 0 0 0
0 / / )) ( * ( / )) ( * ( / )) ( * (
0 / )) ( * ( / 0 0
0 / )) ( * ( 0 / 0
0 / )) ( * ( 0 0 /
1 1
1 1
1 1
P
J B J f p J f p J f p
L f p L R
L f p L R
L f p L R
A
c b a
c s
b s
a s
u u u
u
u
u
(14)
(
(
(
(
(
(

=
0 0 0 0
/ 1 0 0 0
0 / 1 0 0
0 0 / 1 0
0 0 0 / 1
1
1
1
1
L
L
L
L
B (15)
- Vc t iu khin: | |
T
L c b a
T V V V u
'
= (16)
-

II. M HNH HA, M PHNG NG C , H THNG CNG SUT,
MCH IU KHIN TRUYN NG NG C IN MT CHIU
KHNG CHI THAN [7],[8],[9],[10].
1. M phng ng c BLDC dng S-function.
T phng trnh (6, (7), (8), (9), (10), (11) v (12) ta tin hnh m hnh ha ng c
in BLDC s dng hm s-function nh hnh 4.
Tp san KHOA HC & CNG NGH * S 2-2014 89

Hnh 4. M hnh ha ng c in BLDC.

1.1. Mo hnh ha h thng truyn ng in ng c BLDC.

Hnh 5. M hnh ha H thng iu khin ng c BLDC
TRNG CAO NG CNG NGHIP HU

90
H thng truyn ng ng c BLDC gm cc khi.
a) Khi DONG CO BLDC: M phng ng c BLDC c m hnh ha mc 4.1.
b) Khi BIN TN: M phng bin tn 6 van bn dn T1-T6
c) Khi CONTROLLER: M hnh ha b iu khin kch m 6 van bn dn
T1-T6:
B iu khin CONTROLLER iu khin mch vng dng in ba pha Ia(t),
Ib(t), Ic(t) thit k theo PID:
dt
t de
K dt t e K t e K t u
D I P
) (
. ). ( . ) ( . ) ( + + =
}
(17)
Trong : 1) - (t I - (t) I e(t)
A A
= :I
A
(t), I
A
(t-1): dng in pha A ti thi im t v t-1s.
d) Khi TINH TOAN 1: Tnh ton dng in I
A
, I
B
, I
C
, v in p dy U
AB
, U
BC
,
U
CA
t cc gi tr sut t ng phn hi pha A, B, C; tc ng c wn, gc theta,
tc t Wdat. Khi TINH TOAN 1: lm nhim v iu khin mch vng tc
c thit k theo phng php iu khin PID:


Trong : ) ( ) ( ) ( t t t e
dc d t
e e = : ) ( ); ( t t
dc d
e e ln lt l tc t v tc ng c
ti thi im t.
e) Khi TINH TOAN 2: Tnh ton dng in IA, IB, IC ban u, v dng in
khi ng; t cc gi tr in p dy U
AB
, U
BC
, U
CA
, v dng in pha tnh
ton I
A
, I
B
, I
C
.
2. Kt qu m phng.
H thng truyn ng c BLDC c thng s k thut nh sau:
- S cc t P = 4,
- in tr cun dy stator R = 2,875(),
- in cm dc trc v ngang trc: L
d
= L
q
= 0,00525(H),
- M men qun tnh: J=6,329.10
-4
(kg.m
2
),
- H s ma st nht: B=0,1827(Wb),
- in p mt chiu cp cho mch nghch lu U=300(V),
- Tc nh mc
m
= 500(v/ph)
- M men ti kho st: T
Load
= 3 N.m

Tp san KHOA HC & CNG NGH * S 2-2014 91


Hnh 6. Dng sng dng in I
A
, I
B
, I
C
ca ba pha A, B, C ng c BLDC.



Hnh 7. Sut in ng phn hi EMF ba pha A, B, C ca ng c BLDC.

TRNG CAO NG CNG NGHIP HU

92

Hnh 8. M men in t ca ba pha A, B, C: T
A
, T
B
, T
C
.

Hnh 9. p ng tc ca ng c BLDC.

T kt qu m phng hnh 9, ta c nhn xt nh sau:
+ Thi gian p ng tc ca ng c sau 0,12 giy.
+ Thi gian n nh tc 0,14 giy.
+ qu iu chnh ( vt l) 0 (v/p).
+ S ln dao ng tc 0 ln.