.

Self-Organization
in Ad Hoc Networks
- -

3/2009

ad hoc
SelfOrg
Design Paradigm

SelfOrg
Mapping of Self-Organization Techniques
Case studies

ad hoc

 (1/2)
3

Self-Organization

,


(, ,
, , ,
...)
ad hoc

 (2/2)
4

Self-Organization
ad hoc

:
-
-
-
-

ad hoc

 ad hoc
5

self-organized

ad hoc


Self-Organization (1/3)
6

Self-Organization


,
.

ad hoc


Self-Organization (2/3)
7

ad hoc
Self-Organization
.

( ).

ad hoc


Self-Organization (3/3)
8

Autonomy and
decentralization

Emergence

Resulting complexity

High scalability and

adaptivity

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Design Paradigm
9

(state)
long-life state information

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 (1/5)
10

Positive and negative feedback

Interactions among individuals and with the

environment

Probabilistic techniques

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 (2/5)
11

Positive and negative feedback

.1 feedback

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 (3/5)
12

Interactions among individuals and with the

environment

.2 :

ad hoc

 (4/5)
13

Probabilistic techniques
*

*
*

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 (5/5)
14

Limitations
1. Controllability

2. Cross-mechanism
interference
3. System test
.3 Scalability vs. determinism
self-organized
ad hoc

 SelfOrganization (1/6)
15

:
-
-
:
- Scalability
- Lifetime

ad hoc

 SelfOrganization (2/6)
16

ad hoc

 SelfOrganization (3/6)
17

* Location Information
,
multi-hop

* Neighborhood Information
, (hello)

* Local State
,

* Probabilistic techniques
state ,

ad hoc

 SelfOrganization (4/6)
18

Mac layer
medium access,
local communication

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 SelfOrganization (5/6)
19

Network layer
topolgy control,
routing tables,
end-to-end communication

ad hoc

 SelfOrganization (6/6)
20

Application layer
coordination and control,
application dependent
requirements
(coverage, lifetime)

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21

Mapping of Self-Organization
Techniques
Location Information
MAC layer

Cluster

Power-aware cluster-based :
- LEACH(Low- Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy)
- HEED(Hybrid, Energy-Efficient Distribution Clustering
Approach)

Network layer

Clustering :
- passive clustering
- on-demand clustering

Application
layer

LEACH HEED

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22

Mapping of Self-Organization
Techniques
Neighborhood Information
MAC layer

Sync
sleep ,
RTS/CTS
PCM(Power Control MAC)

Network layer

:
Reactive routing protocols
Data-centric communication methods

Application
layer

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23

Mapping of Self-Organization
Techniques
Local State
MAC layer

back off
PCM

Network layer

( ,
, , ..)

Application
layer

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24

Mapping of Self-Organization
Techniques
Probabilistic techniques
MAC layer

Congestion-aware

Network layer

pure flooding
-> flooding (max
lifetime, sync num)

Application
layer

ad hoc

Mapping of Self-Organization
Techniques
25

Location
Information

Neighborhood
Information

Local State

Probabilistic
Methods

Feedback

Feedback
loops
Interactions

Probabilistic
techiques

( )
ad hoc

Case Studies (1/8)

26

MAC layer PCM

Network layer Directed diffusion

Topology control and clustering - LEACH

ad hoc

Case Studies (2/8)

27

MAC layer PCM (Power Control MAC)

* :


* neighborhood information
*
ad hoc

Case Studies (3/8)

28

MAC layer PCM (Power Control MAC)

ad hoc
.4 MAC

Case Studies (4/8)

29

Network layer directed diffusion

* Data-centric
* application-aware
* :
1. Interest distribution
2. Data propagation

*
ad hoc

Case Studies (5/8)

30

Network layer directed diffusion

.4 Interest data propagation directed diffusion

ad hoc

Case Studies (6/8)

31

Topology control and clustering

LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy)
* :

* location information

ad hoc

Case Studies (7/8)

32

Topology control and clustering

.5 LEACH

* LEACH

ad hoc

Case Studies (8/8)

33

Topology control and clustering

LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy)

SelfOrg:
1.Probabilistic algorithms ( clusterhead)

2. Neighborhood information (set-up clusters)

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34

Self-Organization - ad hoc

(Positive and negative
feedback, Interactions, Probabilistic techiques)

( )
Mapping on Self-Organization techniques

ad hoc

References
35

D. Culler, D. Estrin, and M. B. Srivastava, "Overview of Sensor Networks,"

Computer, vol. 37 (8), pp. 41-49, August 2004.

I. Dietrich and F. Dressler, "On the Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks,"

University of Erlangen, Dept. of Computer Science 7, Technical Report
04/06, December 2006.

F. Dressler, "Self-Organization in Ad Hoc Networks: Overview and

Classification," University of Erlangen, Dept. of Computer Science 7,
Technical Report 02/06, March 2006.

H. Karl and A. Willig, Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor

Networks, Wiley, 2005.

C. Prehofer and C. Bettstetter, "Self-Organization in Communication

Networks: Principles and Design Paradigms," IEEE Communications
Magazine, vol. 43 (7), pp. 78-85, July 2005.

ad hoc