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S2: f. maps
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120
84

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Full connection
Subsampling
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4%

3%
2%
1%

Test
Training

0%
0

12

16

20

Training set Iterations

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Error Rate (%)


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3>8

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0>7

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2>8

0.8

Test error
(with distortions)

0.6

0.4

Training error (no distortions)

0.2

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Training Set Size (x1000)

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12.0 >

Linear
[deslant] Linear

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KNN Euclidean

2.4

[deslant] KNN Euclidean

3.3

40 PCA + quadratic

3.6

1000 RBF + linear

1.1

[16x16] Tangent Distance

1.1

SVM poly 4

RSSVM poly 5

0.8

[dist] VSVM poly 9

4.7

28x2830010

3.6

[dist] 28x2830010

1.6

[deslant] 20x2030010

4.5

28x28100010

3.8

[dist] 28x28100010

3.05

28x2830010010

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2.95

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2.45

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1.7

[16x16] LeNet1

1.1

LeNet4

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LeNet4 / Local

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LeNet4 / KNN

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Loss Function
[0.1](+1)
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[0.7](+1)

[0.6](1)

3 [0.1](+1)

Gcvit

Gvit

4 [0.6](+1)
3 [0.1](1)

4 [0.4](1)

1 [0.1](1)

Viterbi Tansformer
3 [0.1](+1)

4 [2.4](0)

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3 [3.4](0)

Viterbi Transformer
4 [0.6](+1)

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"34"
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1 [0.1](1)
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3 [3.4](0)
4 [4.4](0)

4 [0.6](+1)
9 [1.2](0)

(1)

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(+1)

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SDNN Output

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