Cc Phng php gii bi tp Ha hc Ph thng Chuyn : Anc!

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x 2
x
R(OH)x xNa R(ONa) H
2

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&? $hn @At:
*
2
H ancol
x
n n
2
)
2
H ancol
1
x 1 n n
2
)
2
H ancol
x 2 n n
Nh vy nu
2
H ancol
1
n n
2
thi o la ancol n chuc. Con
2
H ancol
n n
thi o la ancol 2 chuc, nu la hn
hop cac ancol thi o la hn hop cac ancol 2 chuc hoc co 1 ancol n chuc va ancol con lai co s nhom
chuc lon hn 2.
) Nu
2
H ancol
n n
thi o la ancol a chuc.
) Nu hn hop 2 ancol ma
2
H ancol
1
n n
2
> thi co 1 ancol n chuc.
B? ChC D
- Nu cho ancol tac dung voi Na thi chi xay ra phan ung (1).
- Nu cho dung dich ancol tac dung voi Na thi ngoai (1) con xay ra phan ung giua noc voi Na. Hai phan
ung nay xay ra ng thoi.
- Theo Dinh lut bao toan khi long: m
ancol
m
Na ban u
m
cht rn sau phan ung
2
H
m
- Cac cng thuc tng quat cua mt s ancol cn nho:
Ancol no, n chuc : C
n
H
2n1
OH.
Ancol n chuc : R-OH hoc C
n
H
2n1-2k
OH.
Ancol n chuc chua 1 ni i : C
n
H
2n-1
OH.
Ancol a chuc bt ki : C
n
H
2n2-2k-x
(OH)
x
.
Ancol no, a chuc : C
n
H
2n2-x
(OH)
x
.
- Nu cht huu c X chua 3 nguyn t C, H, O ma tac dung oc voi Na hoc K thi X chua chuc OH (cua
ancol hoc phenol) hoc chua chuc COOH (cua axit). Nhng nu X khng tac dung voi dung dich kim
thi X la ancol.
"*EFB?C,3
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Cc Phng php gii bi tp Ha hc Ph thng Chuyn : Anc!
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CKu &? Cho 9,2g mt ancol no, n chuc X tac dung voi Na d thu oc 2,24 lit (ktc) H
2
. CTPT cua
ancol X la
A. CH
4
O B. C
2
H
6
O C. C
3
H
8
O D. C
4
H
10
O
CKu B? Cho 3,35g hh X gm 2 ancol no, n chuc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng phan ung voi Na d
thu oc 0,56 lit H
2
(ktc). CTCT thu gon cua 2 ancol o la
A. C
2
H
5
OH, C
3
H
7
OH B. C
3
H
7
OH, C
4
H
9
OH C. C
4
H
9
OH, C
5
H
11
OH D. C
5
H
11
OH, C
6
H
13
OH
CKu L =MH $ng nghiNp ) &OOF>? Cho 2,84 gam hn hop X gm 2 ancol no, n chuc , la ng ng k
tip nhau tac dung vua u voi Na tao ra 4,6 gam cht rn va V lit khi H
2
(ktc).
a) Gia tri cua V la:
A. 0,224 B. 0,448 C.0,896 D. 0,672
b) CTPT cua 2 ancol la:
A. CH
4
O, C
2
H
6
O B. C
2
H
6
O, C
3
H
8
O C. C
4
H
10
O, C
5
H
12
O D. C
3
H
8
O, C
4
H
10
O
CKu P? Cho 1,52g hn hop 2 ancol n chuc la ng ng k tip nhau tac dung voi Na vua u, sau p thu
oc 2,18g cht rn. CTPT cua 2 ancol la
A. CH
3
OH va C
2
H
5
OH B. C
2
H
5
OH va C
3
H
7
OH C. C
3
H
5
OH va
C
4
H
7
OH D. C
3
H
7
OH va C
4
H
9
OH
CKu Q? Cho 7,8 gam hn hp 2 ancol n chc k tip nhau trong day ng ng tac dung ht vi 4,6 gam
Na c 12,25 gam cht rn. Do la 2 ancol:
A? CH
3
OH va C
2
H
5
OH '. C
2
H
5
OH va C
3
H
7
OH.
C? C
3
H
5
OH va C
4
H
7
OH "? C
3
H
7
OH va C
4
H
9
OH.
CKu R? Cho Na tac dung vua u voi 1,24 gam hn hop 3 ancol n chuc X, Y, Z thy thoat ra 0,336 lit khi
H
2
(kc). Khi long mui natri ancolat thu oc la
A? 2,4 gam. '? 1,9 gam. C? 2,85 gam. "? 3,8 gam.
CKu S? Cho 11g hh gm hai ancol no n chuc k tip nhau trong dy tac dung ht voi Na thu oc
3,36lit H
2
(kc). CTPT 2 ancol:
A.CH
3
OH va C
2
H
5
OH. B. C
3
H
7
OH va C
4
H
9
OH.
C C
3
H
5
OH va C
4
H
7
OH. D. C
3
H
7
OH va C
2
H
5
OH
CKu F? Cho 22g hn hop hai rou no, n chuc k tip trong dy ng ng tac dung ht voi Na d thu
oc 6,72 lit H
2
(ktc). Hai rou o la:
A. C
2
H
5
OH va C
3
H
7
OH B. C
3
H
7
OH va C
4
H
9
OH
C. C
4
H
9
OH va C
5
H
11
OH D. CH
3
OH va C
2
H
5
OH
CKu O? Cho 23,4 gam hn hop hai ancol no, n chuc k tip nhau trong cung dy ng ng tac dung ht
voi 13,8 gam Na, thu oc 36,75 gam cht rn. Hai ancol o la:
A. C
2
H
5
OH va C
3
H
7
OH B. C
3
H
7
OH va C
4
H
9
OH
C. C
4
H
9
OH va C
5
H
11
OH D. CH
3
OH va C
2
H
5
OH
CKu &T? Cho 18,8 gam hn hop C
2
H
5
OH va ancol X ng ng cua no tac dung voi Na thu oc 5,6 lit H
2

(ktc). S mol cua ancol X la:
A. 0,3 B. 0,2 C. 0,4 D. 0,5
CKu &&? Mt th tich hi ancol A tac dung voi Na tao ra mt nua th tich hi hiro o cung iu kin nhit
, ap sut. Mt khac ancol A lam mt mau dung dich brom. Cng thuc phn tu cua ancol A la:
A. C
3
H
6
O
3
B. C
3
H
6
O C. C
2
H
6
O D. C
2
H
6
O
2
CKu &B? Hn hop X chua glixerol va hai ancol no, n chuc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. Cho 8,75
gam X tac dung ht voi na (d) thi thu oc 2,52 lit H
2
(ktc). Mt khac 14 gam X hoa tan ht 0,98 gam
Cu(OH)
2
. Cng thuc phn tu cua hai ancol trong X la:
A. C
2
H
5
OH va C
3
H
7
OH B. C
3
H
7
OH va C
4
H
9
OH C. C
4
H
9
OH va C
5
H
11
OH D. CH
3
OH va C
2
H
5
OH
CKu &L? Mt ancol no, a chuc, mach ho co n nguyn tu C va m nhom OH. Cho 7,6gam ancol nay tac
dung voi Na d, thu oc 2,24 lit H
2
(ktc). Biu thuc lin h giua n va m la:
A. 7n 1 11m B. 7n 2 12m C. 8n 1 11m D. 7n 2 11m
CKu &P? Cho 5,8 gam hn hop X (chim 0,1mol) gm 2 ancol no, mach ho (co s long nhom hiroxyl
hn kem nhau nhau 1 n vi) tac dung voi na d thu oc 1,568 lit H
2
(ktc). Cng thuc 2 ancol la:
"*EFB?C,3
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Cc Phng php gii bi tp Ha hc Ph thng Chuyn : Anc!
A. C
3
H
7
OH va C
3
H
6
(OH)
2
B. C
3
H
7
OH va C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
C. CH
3
OH va C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
D. C
2
H
5
OH va C
3
H
6
(OH)
2
CKu &Q? Cho 21,2 gam hn hop 2 ancol n chuc k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tac dung voi 23 gam
Na, sau phan ung hoan toan thu oc 43,8 gam cht rn. Cng thuc phn tu cua 2 ancol la:
A. CH
4
O va C
2
H
6
O B. C
4
H
10
O va C
5
H
12
O C. C
2
H
6
O va C
3
H
8
O D. C
3
H
8
O va C
4
H
10
O
CKu &R? Ly 18,8 gam hn hop X gm C
2
H
5
OH va mt ancol A no, n chuc tac dung voi Na d thu oc
5,6 lit H
2
(ktc). Cng thuc phn tu cua A la:
A. C
3
H
7
OH B. CH
3
OH C. C
4
H
9
OH D. C
5
H
11
OH.
CKu &S? Hn hop 2 ancol A va B cung s nhom OH. Nu ly hn hop X tac dung voi Na d thu oc
2,24 lit H
2
(ktc). Nu t chay X thi thu oc 11 gam CO
2
va 6,3 gam H
2
O. Cng thuc phn tu cua 2
ancol la:
A? C
2
H
5
OH va C
3
H
7
OH '? C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
va C
3
H
6
(OH)
2
C? C
3
H
7
OH va CH
3
OH "? CH
3
OH va C
2
H
5
OH.
CKu &F? Cho hn hop ancol metylic va mt ancol ng ng cua no tac dung voi Na d thy bay ra 672 ml
H
2
(o ktc). Nu cho hn hop ancol trn tac dung voi 10g axit axetic thi khi long este sinh ra it nht la
bao nhiu? Gia gia su hiu sut este la 100
A? 4,44g '? 7,24g C? 6,24g "? 6,40g
CKu &O? Cho m gam hn hop 2 ancol M va N (hn kem nhau 1 nguyn tu C) tac dung voi Na d thu oc
2,24 lit khi H
2
(ktc). Mt khac khi t chay hoan toan m gam hn hop trn thu oc 22g CO
2
va 10,8g
H
2
O. Vy M va N co cng thuc phn tu la:
A. C
2
H
5
OH va C
3
H
7
OH B. C
3
H
7
OH va C
3
H
5
OH
C. C
2
H
5
OH va C
3
H
5
OH D. C
2
H
5
OH va C
3
H
6
(OH)
2
CKu BT? Mt ankanol X co 60 cacbon theo khi long trong phn tu. Nu cho 18g X tac dung ht voi
Na thi th tich H
2
thoat ra (o ktc) la:
A. 1,12 lit B. 3,36 lit C. 2,24 lit D. 4,48 lit
CKu B&? Mt hn hop gm 2 ancol X va y no, n chuc hoc co mt lin kt i. Bit 16,2g hn hop lam
mt mau hoan toan 500 g dung dich brom 5,76. Khi cho 16,2g hn hop trn tac dung voi Na d thi th
tich H
2
ti a la:
A. 2,016 lit B.. 4,032 lit C. 8,064 lit D. 6,048 lit.
CKu BB? Cho 1,24 gam hn hop 2 rou n chuc tac dung vua u voi natri kim loai thy thoat ra 336 cm
3

H
2
(ktc)~ Hn hop cac cht chua natri oc tao thanh co khi long la:
A. 1,9g B. 2,85g C. 3,80g D. 4,60g
CKu BL? Cho 1,45g hn hop X gm 1 rou no n chuc C va mt rou D (rou no 2 ln) tac dung ht voi
kim loai kali cho 3,92 lit khi H
2
(ktc). Dem t chay hoan toan 29,0g cung hn hop X trn thu oc 52,8g
CO
2
. Cng thuc cu tao cua C va D ln lot la:
A? C
2
H
5
OH va C
3
H
6
(OH)
2
'? C
2
H
5
OH va C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
C? CH
3
OH va C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
"? CH
3
OH va C
3
H
6
(OH)
2
CKu BP? Cho 16,6g hn hop gm rou etylic va rou n-propylic phan ung ht voi Na(ly d), thu oc
3,36lit khi H
2
(kc). Thanh phn phn trm v khi long tng ung cua hai rou la:
A. 72,3va 27,7. B. 50 va 50.
C. 46,3 va 53,7. D. 27,7 va 72,3.
CKu BQ? : Mt rou no n chuc bc mt tac dung voi Na giai phong 6,72lit khi (kc). Khi ehidrat hoa
cung mt khi long rou o, thu oc 33,6g mt oleIin. Cng thuc phn tu cua rou la:
A. CH
3
CH
2
CH(OH)CH
3
. B. (CH
3
)
2
CHOH
C. CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
CH
2
OH. D. (CH
3
)
3
C(OH)
CKu BR: Cho 1,85g mt rou no n chuc X tac dung voi Na d thu oc 308ml khi H
2
(1atm va 27,3
o
C).
Cng thuc phn tu cua X la:
A. C
2
H
5
OH. B. C
3
H
7
OH . C. C
4
H
9
OH D. C
5
H
11
OH
CKu BS: Cho Na tac dung vua u voi 1,24 gam hn hop 3 ancol n chuc X, Y, Z thy thoat ra 0,336 lit
khi H
2
(kc). Khi long mui natri ancolat thu oc la
A? 2,4 gam. '? 1,9 gam. C? 2,85 gam. "? 3,8 gam.
CKu BF: Cho 7,8 gam hn hp 2 ancol n chc k tip nhau trong day ng ng tac dung ht vi 4,6
gam Na c 12,25 gam cht rn. Do la 2 ancol
"*EFB?C,3
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Cc Phng php gii bi tp Ha hc Ph thng Chuyn : Anc!
A? CH
3
OH va C
2
H
5
OH. '? C
2
H
5
OH va C
3
H
7
OH.
C? C
3
H
5
OH va C
4
H
7
OH. "? C
3
H
7
OH va C
4
H
9
OH.
CKu BO: 13,8 gam ancol A tac dung vi Na d giai phong 5,04 lit H
2
ktc, bit M
A
100. Vy A co cng
thc cu tao thu gon la
A? CH
3
OH. '. C
2
H
5
OH. C? C
3
H
6
(OH)
2
. "? C
3
H
5
(OH)
3
.
CKu LT: Co hai thi nghim sau :
TN 1: Cho 6 gam ancol no, mach ho, n chc A tac dung vi m gam Na, thu c 0,075 gam H
2
.
TN 2: Cho 6 gam ancol no, mach ho, n chc A tac dung vi 2m gam Na, thu c khng toi 0,1 gam
H
2
. A co cng thc la
A? CH
3
OH. '? C
2
H
5
OH. C? C
3
H
7
OH. "? C
4
H
7
OH.
CKu L&: Cho 12,8 gam dung dich ancol A (trong noc) co nng 71,875 tac dung voi long Na d thu
oc 5,6 lit khi (ktc). Cng thuc cua ancol A la
A? CH
3
OH. '? C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
. C? C
3
H
5
(OH)
3
. "? C
4
H
7
OH.
CKu LB: Ancol A tac dung vi Na d cho s mol H
2
bng s mol A a dung. Dt chay hoan toan A c
mCO
2
1,833mH
2
O. A co cu tao thu gon la
A? C
2
H
4
(OH)
2
. '? C
3
H
6
(OH)
2
. C? C
3
H
5
(OH)
3
. "? C
4
H
8
(OH)
2
.
CKu LL: Cho 30,4 gam hn hop gm glixerol va mt rou n chuc, no A phan ung voi Na thi thu oc
8,96 lit khi (ktc). Nu cho hn hop trn tac dung voi Cu(OH)
2
thi hoa tan oc 9,8 gam Cu(OH)
2
. Cng
thuc cua A la
A? C
2
H
5
OH. '? C
3
H
7
OH. C? CH
3
OH. "? C
4
H
9
OH.
CKu LP: Dt chay hoan toan mt long hn hop 2 ancol no n chuc X, Y la ng ng lin tip thu oc
11,2 lit CO
2
cung voi long hn hop trn cho phan ung voi Na d thi thu oc 2,24 lit H
2
(o ktc). Cng
thuc phn tu cua 2 ancol trn la
A? C
2
H
5
OH; C
3
H
7
OH. '? CH
3
OH; C
3
H
7
OH. C? C
4
H
9
OH; C
3
H
7
OH. "? C
2
H
5
OH ; CH
3
OH.
CKu LQ:Cho 4,6 gam hn hop gm Rou mtylic va prpylic (ti l s mol la 1:1) tac dung hoan toan voi
Na thu oc V lit khi .Gia tri cua V la
A. 2,24 lit B. 1,12 lit C. 22,4 lit D. 11,2 lit
CKu LR: Cho natri kim loai tac dung voi 1,06gam hn hop hai rou ng ng lin tip cua rou metylic
thy thoat ra 224ml hiro (o o ktc). Xac inh cng thuc phn tu mi rou.
A. CH
3
OH va C
2
H
5
OH B. C
2
H
5
OH va C
3
H
7
OH
C. C
4
H
9
OH va C
5
H
11
OH D. Kt qua khac
CKu LS: Cho 9,2 gam hn hop

2 ancol propylic va ancol n chuc B tac dung voi Na d, sau phan ung thu
oc 2,24 lit H
2
(ktc). B la ancol nao doi y?
A.CH
3
OH B. C
2
H
5
OH C. C
3
H
5
OH D. Dap an khac
CKu LF: Cho 15,2 gam hn hop 2 ancol n chuc tac dung voi Na vua u, sau phan ung thu oc 21,8
gam cht rn va bao nhiu lit hiro (ktc)?
A. 1,12 B. 2,24 C. 3,36 D. 4,48
CKu LO: M thi ca Ung BTTF :Dt chay hoan toan hn hop M gm hai rou (ancol) X va Y la ng ng
k tip cua nhau, thu oc 0,3 mol CO
2
va 0,425 mol H
2
O. Mt khac, cho 0,25 mol hn hop M tac dung
voi Na (d), thu oc cha n 0,15 mol H
2
. Cng thuc phn tu cua X, Y la:
A? C
2
H
6
O, CH
4
O. '? C
3
H
6
O, C
4
H
8
O. C? C
2
H
6
O, C
3
H
8
O. "? C
2
H
6
O
2
, C
3
H
8
O
2
CKu PT =MH VhWi A BTTS> Cho 15,6g hn hop 2 ancol n chuc, k tip nhau trong dy ng ng tac
dung ht voi 9,2 gam Na, thu oc 24,5g cht rn. Hai ancol o la:
A. C
3
H
5
OH va C
4
H
7
OH B. C
2
H
5
OH va C
3
H
7
OH
C. C
3
H
7
OH va C
4
H
9
OH D. CH
3
OH va C
2
H
5
OH.
"*EFB?C,3
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