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Phn 1: CC PHNG PHP GII NHANH CC BI TON HU C

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B - CT\C gam )* nE
C
B -
CT\ C @\ ST SS
@\O
Ny

!o&

n ankin ) n+B
C
) nE
C
B - @\ST ) @\O - @\NT mol
h ankin - @\NT 2 CC\S - - O\OV lit )* chn k6t f% &
) 0 ng%3Fn t_ + trong ankin - - -
@\ ST
@\NT
- O
+T1T ankin +
O
E
S
)* chn k6t f% &
12 d3 #/ t ch3 ho#n to#n h lit A9ktcD m:t ankin th% 9c N@\y gam E
C
B&
?6% cho tt c $n phvm ch3 hp th{ h6t 4#o =nh 9Hng n/c 48i trong th= khi
lng =nh tIng T@\Sgam&
h c gi trK l#: a& O\OVlit & C\CSlit c& V\oClit 7& S\Sylit
4ch !-- nhanh/ m+B
C
( mE
C
B - m =nh n/c 48i tIng - T@\Sgam
mE
C
B - N@\ygam )* m+BC - T@\S ) N@\y - OU\V gam
n+B
C
-
OU\ V
@\U
SS
!o& n ankin - n+B
C
) nE
C
B - @\U )
N@\y
Ny
- @\Omol
h ankin - @\O 2 CC\S - V\oC lit )* chn k6t f% c&
m* Dnn- .h+,n- .h/. 3En- -71F 5h67 8+9n- h2PK 012 324n 5h67 8+9n-
OQ 3Snh 5h67 8+9n- KhT3 3h<F -7< .h1n Rn- h2PK 3U2 3h4nh N<? .h1n Rn-)
12 d3 1/ +ho N@gam hLn hp C r% no 9<n chc m"ch ha tc 7{ng 45a 9R
4/i ?a kim lo"i th% 9c NS\S gam cht rGn 4# h lit E
C
A9ktcD& h c gi trK l#:
a& N\NC lit & C\CSlit c& O\OV lit 7& S\Sy lit
4ch !-- nhanh/
M
BE ( ?a )*
M
B?a (
N
C
E
C

Nmol Nmol )* tIng khi lng - CO r N - CCg
S\ S
CC
tIng khi lng NS\S r N@ - S\Sg
0 mol
M
BE -
S\ S
CC
- @\Cmol )* $ mol E
C
- @\Nmol
hE
C
- @\N 2 CC\S - C\CS lit )* chn
12 d3 #/ +ho C\yO gam hLn hp C r% C chc tc 7{ng 45a 9R 4/i ?a th=
th% 9c @\yUV lit E
C
A9ktcD 4# m gam m%i khan& .i trK cRa m l#:
a& T\SUgam & S\TUgam c& T\USgam 7& S\UTgam
V Hng Su ) TrXng TE1T TiJ% La ) ThIng B=nh N@
0 mol +B
C
0 mol ankin
Phng php gii nhanh bi tp Ho Hu c
4ch !-- nhanh:
M
ABED
C
( C?a )*
M
AB?aD
C
( E
C

@\@S `) @\@y `) @\@S `) @\@S mol
+N: Th>o LBTKL ta c:
m r% ( m?a - m m%i ( mE
C

C\yO ( @\@y 2 CO - m ( @\@S 2 C
)* m - S\TUgam )* chn
+C: ,]ng ph<ng php tIng gim khi lng:
Nmol r% )* N mol ancolat )* tIng khi lng - CACO)ND - SSg
@\@Smol )* @\@Smol )* tIng khi lng - @\@S 2 SS - N\oVg
m - m r% ( khi lng tIng
- C\yO ( N\oV - S\TU gam )* chn
12 d3 6/ t ch3 ho#n to#n m gam hLn hp C r% P 4# | th%:c 7m3 9lng
9ng cRa r% m>t3lic th= th% 9c oU\C gam +B
C
4# SO\C gam E
C
B& .i trK m l#:
a& OVgam & Cygam c& C@gam 7& NCgam
4ch !-- nhanh/
C C C
n Cn(N
On
+ E BE ( B )* n+B ( An(NDE B
C
Ta c: nB
C
-
O
C
n+B
C
-
O oU\ C
A D C\ o
C SS
mol
zp 7{ng LBTKL ta c:
m r% ( mB
C
- m+B
C
( mE
C
B
m ( C\o 2 OC - oU\C ( SO\C
)* m - OV gam )* chn a
o* Dnn- .h+,n- .h/. 3H?n- 0Inh A
[
* K_< h`n h9. OQ 3IF H< 5Z3 X?1)
l Ph+,n- .h/. 5h67 8+9n- .hpn 3q 3H?n- 0Inh:
12 d3/ +ho O\U gam hLn hp C r% no 9<n chc m"ch ha k6 ti6p trong 7m3
9lng 9ng tc 7{ng h6t 4/i ?a th% 9c N\NC lit E
C
A9ktcD& +8ng thc ph^n t_ C
r% l#:
a& +E
O
BE 4# +
C
E
T
BE & +
C
E
T
BE 4# +
O
E
o
BE
c& +
O
E
o
BE 4# +
S
E
U
BE 7& +
S
E
U
BE 4# +
T
E
NN
BE
4ch !-- nhanh/
i 4/i r% 9<n chc no ta c:
V Hng Su ) TrXng TE1T TiJ% La ) ThIng B=nh NN
Phng php gii nhanh bi tp Ho Hu c
0 mol r% - C $ mol E
C
- C 2
N\NC
CC\ S
- @\Nmol
[
C r% -
O\U
@\N
- OU
& M% c [ ` OU )* +E
O
BE
& M% c [ * OU Ak6 ti6pD )* +
C
E
T
BE )* chn a &
l Ph+,n- .h/. N6 n-?BCn 3q K<K02n 3H?n- 0Inh:
12 d3/ Ei7ro ho O gam hLn hp P glm C an9>hit no 9<n chc m"ch ha k6
ti6p nha% trong 7m3 9lng 9ng 9c O\NV gam hLn hp | glm C r% 4# C
an9>hit 7& Eai an9>hit l#:
a& E+EB 4# +E
O
+EB & +E
O
+EB 4# +
C
E
T
+EB
c& +
C
E
T
+EB 4# +
O
E
o
+EB 7& +
O
E
o
+EB 4# +
S
E
U
+EB
4ch !-- nhanh/ dt c8ng thc cho C an9>hit:
n Cn(N
+ E +EB
An ( N *
n
* nD
n Cn(N
+ E +EB
( E
C

@
?i\ t +
C
n Cn(N
+ E +E BE
Nmol Nmol )* Khi lng tIng - Cgam
2 mol 2 mol )* Khi lng tIng - O\NV r O
- @\NVgam
2 -
@\NV
@\ @y
C
mol )*
O
[ Oo\T
@\ @y

[ NSn O@ Oo\T n @\TOT + >
'n9>hit c n ` @\TOT )* n - @ )* E+EB
'n9>hit c n * @\TOT )* n - N )* +E
O
+EB & +hn a
l Ph+,n- .h/. nhYF n-?BCn 3q 3H?n- 0Inh:
12 d3/ [:t hLn hp P glm C a2it caco23lic no '\ B kh8ng tham gia phn
ng trng g<ng c $ ng%3Fn t_ + h<n kQm nha% N ng%3Fn t_& ?6% tr%ng ho#
N@\Uy gam P !ng N lng ?aBE 45a 9R th% 9c NT\Co gam hLn hp | glm C
m%i& ?6% l#m a3 h<i N@\Uy gam P a CoO
@
+\ N atm th% 9c thJ tich V\oC lit&
+8ng thc c% t"o C a2it l#:
a& E+BBE 4# +E
O
+BBE
& +E
O
+BBE 4# EBB+ r +E
C
r +BBE
c& +E
O
+BBE 4# EBB+)+BBE
7& +E
O
) +E
C
r +BBE 4# EBB+)+E
C
)+E
C
)+BBE
4ch !-- nhanh/
V Hng Su ) TrXng TE1T TiJ% La ) ThIng B=nh NC
Phng php gii nhanh bi tp Ho Hu c
0 mol P : n -
1h N V\ oC
@\NT
MT @\ @yCACoO CoOD

+
mol
'2it
N@\Uy
[ oO\NTS
@\NT

dt c8ng thc cho C a2it:
2
MA+BBED
N mol P c
2
nhm r+BBE )* Nmol m%i c
2
nhm r+BB?a )* khi
lng tIng - CC
2
gam&
@\NTmol P @\NTmol m%i )* khi lng tIng -
@\NT2 CC
2
Ta c @\NT 2 CC
2
- ANT\Co r N@\UyD )*
2
- N\O
a2it c 2 ` N\O )* 2 - N )* a2it 9<n chc& 2 * N\O )* a2it 9a chc&
) '2it 9<n chc no kh8ng trng g<ng c [ ` oO\NTS )* a2it +E
O
+BBE
A[ - V@D
)'2it cYn l"i l# a2it 9a chc c O cacon )* chn 9p n &
1r* Ph1n Rn- 3/Kh n+dK K_< H+9? n2 O,n KhRK FUKh hs 3U2 3h4nh
<n5in 3hI N6 F28 <n5in 0^n- N6 F28 H+9?t N6 n-?BCn 3q K<K02n 5han- O]7
nCn O63 Kh/B H+9? =4 O63 Kh/B <n5in 3+,n- Rn- Kh2 N6 F28 CO
D
nh+ nh<?)
12 d3/ +hia m gam hLn hp C r% th#nh C phkn !ng nha%&
Ph"n #: Tch n/c ho#n to#n th% 9c C\CS lit +B
C
A9ktcD&
Ph"n $: Tch n/c ho#n to#n th% 9c hLn hp C ank>n&
?6% 9t ch3 h6t Cank>n th= th% 9c ao nhiF% gam n/c
a& @\OVgam & @\U@ gam c& @\TS gam 7& N\ygam
4ch !-- nhanh/
n+B
C
Aank>nD - n+B
C
AC r%D -
C\ CS
CC\ S
- @\Nmol
Khi 9t ch3 ank>n th= nE
C
B - n+B
C
- @\N mol
mE
C
B - @\N 2 Ny - N\ygam )* chn 7
11* 63 Kh/B H+9? 3U2 3h4nh N<? 5h7 h7:H2 h2/ <nOihB3) D2 8+9n- C
5han- O]7 nCn N6 F28 CO
D
3h? O+9K 5h7 O63 Kh/B H+9? =4 <nOihB3 nh+ nh<?
KLn N6 F28 H
D
O 3En- 8Cn 0^n- N6 F28 H
D
KMn- =42 <nOihB3 )
12 d3/ t ch3 hLn hp C an9>h3t no 9<n chc th% 9c @\S mol +B
C
&
Ei7ro ho ho#n to#n C an9>h3t n#3 ckn @\C mol E
C
th% 9c C r% no 9<n chc&
t ch3 ho#n to#n hLn hp C r% th= th% 9c $ mol E
C
B l#:
a& @\C mol & @\S mol c& @\Vmol 7& @\ymol
V Hng Su ) TrXng TE1T TiJ% La ) ThIng B=nh NO
Phng php gii nhanh bi tp Ho Hu c
4ch !-- nhanh/
t ch3 an9>h3t no 9<n chc )* nE
C
B - n+B
C
- @\S mol
nE
C
B t"o ra khi 9t ch3 r% - nE
C
B t"o ra khi 9t ch3 an9>h3t ( nE
C
c:ng 4#o
an9>h3t&
-* nE
C
B Ar%D - @\S ( @\C - @\V mol )* chn c
1D* Ph1n Rn- 3H/n- -+,n- <nOihB3 O,n KhRK:
M+EB 4# 'g cho ts lt N : C
E+EB 4# 'g cho ts lt N : S
12 d3 1: +ho hLn hp glm @\C mol E+BBE 4# @\Nmol E+EB tc 7{ng
4/i lng 7 'g?B
O
trong 7%ng 7Kch ?E
O
th= lng 'g th% 9c l#:
a& Vy\S gam & yV\S gam c& SO\Cgam 7& O\SCgam
4ch !-- nhanh/
@\C mol E+BBE )* @\S mol 'g
@\N mol E+EB )* @\S mol 'g
Tng mol 'g t"o th#nh - @\y 2 N@y - yV\S gam )* chn
12 d3 #: +ht h;% c< P c O ng%3Fn t +\ E\ B trong 9 o2i chi6m TO\O
khi lng & Khi thHc hitn phn ng trng g<ng th= N mol P th% 9c S mol 'g&
+8ng thc ph^n t_ P l#:
a& E+EB & A+EBD
C
c& +E
C
A+EBD
C
7& +
C
E
S
A+EBD
C
4ch !-- nhanh/
N mol P trng g<ng t"o ra S mol 'g
-* P l# E+EB hodc MA+EBD
C

?hng B - TO\OO -* E+EB l# ph] hp )* chn a
1G* TSnh N6 i3i 3U2 3h4nh 3u h`n h9. H+9?)
12 d3/ %n NOC\y gam hLn hp O r% no 9<n chc m"ch ha 4/i E
C
0B
S
9dc
a NS@
@
+ th% 9c hLn hp cc >t> c $ mol !ng nha% 4# c khi lng l# NNN\C
gam& 0 mol mLi >t> l#:
a& @\N mol & @\Cmol c& @\Omol 7& @\Smol
4ch !-- nhanh/
0 >t> th% 9c t5 O r% -
OAO ND
C
+
- V >t>
Th>o LBTKL ta c m r% - m >t> ( mE
C
B
-* mE
C
B - NOC\y r NNN\C - CN\V gam
C
CN\ V
n >t> - nE B
Ny

- N\C mol
V Hng Su ) TrXng TE1T TiJ% La ) ThIng B=nh NS
Phng php gii nhanh bi tp Ho Hu c
-* 0 mol mLi >t> -
N\ C
V
- @\C mol )* chn
1J* 63 Kh/B H+9? O,n KhRK FUKh hs nZ? 3h? O+9K N6 F28 H
D
O 8dn
h,n N6 F28 CO
D
3hI 5Z3 8?@n H+9? O,n KhRK n2 FUKh hs)
12 d3/ t ch3 ho#n to#n m:t lng r% 9<n chc m"ch ha ' th% 9c
NO\C@ gam +B
C
4# y\N@ gam E
C
B& +8ng thc r% ' l#:
a& +E
O
BE & +
C
E
T
BE c& +
O
E
o
BE 7& +
O
E
T
BE
4ch !-- nhanh/
n+B
C
-
NO\ C@
SS
- @\O mol nE
C
B -
y\N@
Ny
- @\ST mol
nE
C
B

* n+B
C
)* ' r% 9<n chc no m"ch ha&
+
n
E
Cn(N
BE (
O
C
n
B
C
)* n+B
C
( An ( NDE
C
B
@\O mol @\ST mol
@\O
N @\ ST
n
n

+
)* n - C : +
C
E
T
BE )* chn
1f* v4 .hLn- h2/ iN3i O,n KhRK FUKh hs 3h? O+9K 1 F?67 =4 1
<nOihB3 h2PK 1 wi32n 3hI 5Z3 8?@n iN3i O,n KhRK K_< H+9? 5han- 0cn)
12 d3/ $t> P c c8ng thc ph^n t_ +
S
E
V
B
C
khi 2# phYng ho P th% 9c N
m%i 4# N an9>h3t& +8ng thc c% t"o >$t> P l#:
a& +E
C
- +E+BB+E
O
& E+BB+E
C
r +E - +E
C

c& E+BB+E - +E r +E
O
7& E+BB+ - +E
C

+E
O

4ch !-- nhanh/
P l# >$t> cRa r% kh8ng Wn
-* P l# E+BB+E - +E r +E
O
)* chn c
E+BB+E - +E r +E
O
( ?aBE
@
t

E+BB?a ( +E
O
r +E
C
r +E - B
V Hng Su ) TrXng TE1T TiJ% La ) ThIng B=nh NT
Phng php gii nhanh bi tp Ho Hu c
V Hng Su ) TrXng TE1T TiJ% La ) ThIng B=nh NV