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:


59%




.
(, 2008)


.
(, 2006)


.

12

10
8
6
4
2

* Richard J. Harzler(2004)

*Olthof&Goossens(2003), (2008), (2005)


(Kiva Koulu)
(Kiva) ,
79.4% 8.5% .

3~5 ,
.
,
, .

TAB TAB

[ ]



(2013)

Sanna Herkama(2013)



,
,
.


Kiva
,

, ,
.

Daekin (2013)

,



.
(, 1997)


,

.

(, 1999)





.
(, 2012)


( , 2012)

?
?
?
, , ?
?
?
?



.
.

.
.
.
.
,
!
.

,
.

.



.
.
.
( 117)

.


.

.
.
(ex. , , , )

.
.

? OO
.

, .
OO .

.
.

. .

OO ,
.

,
.

1004

1004

6 2011
0%, 0%


.
,

.
(, 2012)


57%
10 .
(Pepler&Craig, 1999)

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