10 historical incidences of prejudice/discrimination

The Indian Removal Act (1830). This forced a mass relocation of Indian nations to west of the Mississippi, the most infamous one being the "Trail of Tears" which left half of the Cherokee people dead.

The Treaty of Paynes Landing (1832) and the Seminole War (1835-1847).The Seminoles of Florida fought a war with the U.S. over their forced removal to barren lands in Oklahoma. Thousands died in both the forced marches and in the war.

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831). This Supreme Court ruling held that tribes are not foreign nations, but dependencies, and need not be treated equally.

Massacre at Sand Creek (1864). Outside of Denver, a wagon train wiped out an entire peaceloving tribe of 200 Indians after inviting them in for supper, then hung their victims' body parts from the wagons as they travelled westward.

The Major Crimes Act (1885). This extended U.S. law enforcement jurisdiction into Indian territories, effectively breaking all treaties that guaranteed they could have responsibility for law enforcement themselves.

The Dawes Act (1887). This used a "blood quantum" test to take away over 100 million acres of land from "mixed blood" Indians.

Massacre at Wounded Knee (1890). U.S. cavalry gunned down 300 Indian men, women, and children for participating in a Ghost Dance, the purpose of which is to enter a world inhabited only by Indians.

The Indian Citizenship Act (1924). This conferred U.S. citizenship on all Indians who wanted it and would renounce their claims to tribal identity.

The Indian Claims Commission Act (1946). This gave Indians the right to claim monetary compensation for land unjustly taken away from them. But, the amount was equal to the value of the dollar in 1865.

 The Relocation Act (1956). This qualified Indians for job training if they moved off the reservation to urban areas.

The Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (1971). This eliminated indigenous mineral rights in Alaska so the U.S. could build the Alaskan oil pipeline. 25% of all oil reserves, 35% of all coal reserves, and 50% of all uranium deposits still lie under Indian land today.

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