September 28, 2010

iu ch v gii iu ch BPSK

ti tiu lun : IU CH V GII IU CH BPSK

Danh sch thnh vin nhm thc hin :

H v tn 1. Nguyn Th Cm Nhung 2. Hong Th Phc 3. L Anh Qunh 4. Trn Vn Quang 5. Triu H Qung

Chc danh Nhm trng

Nhn xt & nh gi

Thnh vin

Thnh vin Thnh vin Thnh vin

6. Nguyn c Quc 7. Nguyn vn sn

Thnh vin

Thnh vin

Gio vin hng dn : Nguyn Th Ngn 1

September 28, 2010

iu ch v gii iu ch BPSK

MC LC

1. Gii thiu s lc h thng thng tin s: .................................................. 4 2. iu ch s: ............................................................................................... 5 3. iu ch v gii iu ch BPSK(binary phase shift keying): ................... 9 3.1.Nguyn tc kha dch pha nh phn : .................................................. 9 3.2. Qu trnh iu ch v gii iu ch BPSK........................................ 10 3.3.Gin xung tn hiu iu ch v gii iu ch BPSK( m phng bng matlab): .................................................................................................. 15 3.4. Nhn xt : ......................................................................................... 16 4. Ti liu tham kho : ................................................................................. 18

Gio vin hng dn : Nguyn Th Ngn 2

September 28, 2010

iu ch v gii iu ch BPSK

Li ni u
Trong k thut thng tin v tuyn in, khi mun truyn thng tin i xa ngi ta phi chuyn tn s ca tn hiu tin tc ln mt tn s cao hn rt nhiu. Phng php thc hin chuyn ph ca tn hiu tin tc ln vng c tn s cao hn l iu ch (iu ch bin , iu tn, iu pha),bng cch s dng cc mch trn tn. pha my thu phi c mt qu trnh chuyn i ngc li, qu trnh l tch sng (gii iu ch). cng l l do m ti sao ngy hm nay ti v cc bn cng nhau tho lun v vn iu ch v gii iu ch. Hn th, trong mt khong thi gian cho php chng ta khng th no trao i ht vi nhau ton b kin thc v lnh vc ny , song hi vng rng n phn no gip ti v cc bn hiu hn v cc vn xoay quanh bi tiu lun v iu ch v gii iu ch BPSK v vn dng n vo cc ti khc tng t v m rng!

Gio vin hng dn : Nguyn Th Ngn 3

September 28, 2010

iu ch v gii iu ch BPSK

1. Gii thiu s lc h thng thng tin s: H thng thng tin l h thng c xy dng nn nhm mc ch truyn tin tc t bn pht n bn thu.Mt h thng thng tin tng qut gm c 3 khu chnh:ngun tin ,knh tin v nhn tin.Ngun tin l ni sn sinh ra hay cha cc tin cn truyn i.Knh tin l mi trng truyn lan thng tin , ng thi cng sn sinh ra nhiu ph hy tin.Nhn tin l c cu khi phc li thng tin ban u t tn hiu ly ra u ra ca knh tin. Hu ht cc tn hiu a vo h thng thng tin s l tn hiu tng t. Ta c s khi chc nng ca h thng thng tin s y l:

Hnh 1: S khi cu h thng thng tin s Khi m ha ngun :gim s bt nh phn yu cu truyn bn tin.Vic ny c th xem nh l loi b cc bit d khng cn thit,gip cho bng thng truyn t hiu qu hn. Khi mt m ha :lm nhim v mt m ha bi tin gc nhm mc ch an ninh.N bao gm c s ring t v xc thc
Gio vin hng dn : Nguyn Th Ngn 4

September 28, 2010

iu ch v gii iu ch BPSK

Khi m ha knh :lm nhim v a thm cc bit d vo cc tn hiu s theo mt quy lut no ,nhm gip cho bn thu c th pht hin v thm ch sa li xy ra trn knh truyn.Vic ny chnh l m ha iu khin li,v quan im tin tc ,l tng thm d. Gii m ha ngun , gii mt m v gii m ha knh c thc hin b thu, cc qu trnh ny ngc li vi qu trnh m ha bn pht. Khi ghp knh c th gip cho nhiu tuyn thng tin c th cng chia s mt ng truyn vt l chung nh l cp , ng truyn v tuynTrong thng tin s , kiu ghp knh thng l ghp knh phn chia theo thi gian(TDM) ,sp xp cc t m PCM nhnh vo trong mt khung TDM.Tc ghp knh s gp N ln tc bt ca tn hiu PCM nhnh.Khi tch knh bn thu phn chia dng bit thu thnh cc tn hiu PCM nhnh. Khi iu ch gip cho dng tn hiu s c th truyn i qua mt phng tin vt l c th theo mt tc cho trc , vi mc mo chp nhn c , yu cu mt bng thng tn s cho php.Khi iu ch c th thay i dng xung ,dch chuyn ph tn s ca tn hiu n mt bng thng khc ph hp. Khi a truy cp lin quan n cc k thut hoc nguyn tc no ,cho php nhiu cp thu pht cng chia s mt phng tin chung .Chia s ti nguyn thng tin hn ch ca cc phng tin truyn dn. 2. iu ch s: iu ch (modulation) l lm bin i mt tn hiu theo mt tn hiu iu khin khc.C th l, tn hiu b bin i gi l sng mang (hay tn hiu mang tin tc).Tn hiu iu khin sng mang(gy ra s bin i ) gi l tn
Gio vin hng dn : Nguyn Th Ngn 5

September 28, 2010

iu ch v gii iu ch BPSK

hiu mang tin (hay cn gi l tin tc). C th nh ngha li l, iu ch l qu trnh lm thay i cc thng s ca sng mang theo tn hiu mang tin . hiu r hn , xem hnh minh ha sau :

iu ch s l qu trnh mt trong ba thng s bin , tn s v pha ca sng mang c thay i theo tn hiu (hay lung s) a vo iu ch thng tin ca sng mang ph hp vi ng truyn.

Gio vin hng dn : Nguyn Th Ngn 6

September 28, 2010

iu ch v gii iu ch BPSK

Ti sao phi iu ch s? CS lm gim bng thng nn c hiu qu s dng ph cao (gim bng thng, tng s lng knh thng tin c ghp vo lung bng gc s). Ph hp vi cc h thng i hi hiu qu ph ln nh iu ch nhiu mc.

Hnh 2: m t qu trnh iu ch v gii iu ch s Gi s c 1 sng mang hnh sin: x0(t)=A.cos( 0 t +) A: bin sng mang
0 =2 . f 0 : tn s gc ca sng mang

f0 : tn s dao ng ca sng mang : pha ca sng mang

Gio vin hng dn : Nguyn Th Ngn 7

September 28, 2010

iu ch v gii iu ch BPSK

Ty theo cc thng s c s dng mang tin c th l : bin A , tn s f0 , pha hay t hp gia chng m ta c cc kiu iu ch khc nhau : ASK,FSK,PSK,QAM iu ch kho dch bin ASK(Ampitude Shift Keying) : sng iu bin c to ra bng cch thay i bin sng mang theo bin tn hiu bng gc. iu ch kho dch tn s FSK(Frequency Shift Keying) : sng iu tn c to ra bng cch thay i tn s sng mang theo bin tn hiu bng gc. iu ch kho dch pha PSK(Phase Shift Keying) : sng iu tn c to ra bng cch thay i pha sng mang theo bin tn hiu bng gc. iu ch va kt hp bin v pha hay iu ch cu phng QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation). Gii iu ch s: Gii iu ch l qu trnh ngc li vi qu trnh iu ch .Trong qu trnh thu c c mt trong cc tham s : bin , tn s,pha ca tn hiu sng mang c bin i theo tn hiu iu ch v ty theo phng thc iu ch m ta c c cc phng thc gii iu ch thch hp ly li thng tin cn thit. Nh vy iu ch v gii iu ch l khu khng th thiu trong mt h thng thng tin s.Trong bi tiu lun ny , nhm xin c trnh by kin thc m nhm thu c sau mt thi gian tm hiu v ti. Kha dch pha nh phn-BPSK, kha dch pha nh phn th hai pha u ra c th l vi mt tn s sng mang n .Trong hai pha th mt trong hai
Gio vin hng dn : Nguyn Th Ngn 8

September 28, 2010

iu ch v gii iu ch BPSK

pha tng ng vi mc logic 1 v mt pha tng ng vi mc logic 0.Nu nh trng thi ca tn hiu nh phn u vo c s thay i th hai gc pha u ra cng bin i lch pha nhau 1800 .Cng v vy m tn hiu BPSK cn c gi l kha o pha (PRK-phase reversal keying ) hoc iu ch nh pha. Sau y chng ta s i su vo chi tit ca vn cn nghin cu. 3. iu ch v gii iu ch BPSK(binary phase shift keying): Gi s c sng mang c biu din: x0(t)=A.cos( 0 t +) . Biu thc tn hiu gc :s(t) l tn hiu nh phn (0,1) hay l chui NRZ . Do ta c : Khi s(t)=0: P(t)= Acos 0 t Khi s(t)=1: P(t)= A.cos( 0 t +1800) i vi kha dch pha PSK,thng tin cha trong pha tc thi ca sng mang iu ch.Thng th pha ny c n nh v so snh tng thch vi sng mang ca pha bit-PSK kt hp. i vi PSK nh phn ,cc trng thi pha 00 v 1800 s c s dng. 3.1.Nguyn tc kha dch pha nh phn : Nguyn tc: cc tn hiu nh phn tc dng ln sng mang lm thay i pha ca sng mang . C th l : Bt 1: pha ca sng mang l 0 Bt 0: pha ca sng mang l 1800 Cc gi tr ny c th ngc li nhng nguyn tc chung l khi c s o bt th pha ca sng mang lch i 1800 .
Gio vin hng dn : Nguyn Th Ngn 9

September 28, 2010

iu ch v gii iu ch BPSK

Bng chn l ca tn hiu iu ch BPSK:

Nh phn u vo Logic 0 Logic 1

Pha u ra 1800 00

C th thy r rng hn trong cch biu din trn th thi gian v trng thi ca tn hiu BPSK.

Hnh3: th thi gian v trng thi 3.2. Qu trnh iu ch v gii iu ch BPSK

Gio vin hng dn : Nguyn Th Ngn 10

September 28, 2010

iu ch v gii iu ch BPSK

iu ch kho dch pha nh phn BPSK: Vi n=2 , = , th ta c kiu iu ch 2-PSK hay BPSK P(t)= cos( 0 t ++ s(t)
) 2

Hnh 4. s khi thc hin iu ch PSK

Phng php iu ch 2-PSK hay BPSK (Binary PSK) hay iu ch ngc pha PRK (Phase Reversal Keying) c gii thiu trn hnh 4. S to tn hiu BPSK dng sin vi hai gi tr pha tu thuc gi tr Data : Khi Data bit = 1, tn hiu BPSK cng pha vi sng mang. Khi Data bit = 0, tn hiu BPSK ngc pha (1800) vi sng mang.

Gio vin hng dn : Nguyn Th Ngn 11

September 28, 2010

iu ch v gii iu ch BPSK

Hnh 5: Quan h pha /thi gian u ra b iu ch BPSK theo tn hiu vo

l iu ch, vy qu trnh gii iu ch s c lm r c v phng php v s khi thc hin nh sau : Gii iu ch BPSK c th thc hin trn s Hnh 6. S gm b ti lp sng mang v b nhn.

Gio vin hng dn : Nguyn Th Ngn 12

September 28, 2010

iu ch v gii iu ch BPSK

Hnh 6. Phng php gii iu ch PSK. B gii iu ch BPSK bao gm : S ly bnh phng ( )2 chuyn cc tn hiu khc pha v cng 1 pha. Vng gi pha PLL pht li nhp vi tn s gp i tn s mang B dch pha hiu chnh pha. B chia hai a tn s tn hiu ti lp v bng tn s sng mang. B nhn tn hiu thc hin nhn sng iu ch BPSK vi sng mang ti lp.

Gio vin hng dn : Nguyn Th Ngn 13

September 28, 2010

iu ch v gii iu ch BPSK

Gi s tn s sng mang l fC, C = 2fC, ta c hai trng hp: Khi tn hiu BPSK l +sin(Ct) ng vi Data bit = 1, sng mang ti lp l sin(Ct), s nhn s cho tn hiu .

sin(Ct) sin(Ct) = sin2(Ct) = (1-cos(2 Ct) = - cos(2Ct).

Trong biu thc trn thnh phn th hai l xoay chiu, c tn s gp i tn s sng mang. Khi s dng b lc thng thp vi tn s ct bng tn s sng mang, c th kh b thnh phn xoay chiu v th dng ca thnh phn 1 chiu th nht c gi li s biu din trng thi 1 ca Data bit. Khi tn hiu BPSK l -sin(Ct) ng vi Data bit =0, s nhn s cho tn hiu :

-sin(Ct) sin(Ct) = -sin2(Ct) = -(1-cos(2 Ct) = - + cos(2Ct).

Trong biu thc trn thnh phn th hai l xoay chiu, c tn s gp i tn s sng mang. Khi s dng b lc thng thp vi tn s ct bng tn s sng mang, c th kh b thnh phn xoay chiu v th m ca thnh phn mt chiu th nht (-1/2)c gi li s biu din trng thi 0 ca Data bit.

Gio vin hng dn : Nguyn Th Ngn 14

September 28, 2010

iu ch v gii iu ch BPSK

3.3.Gin xung tn hiu iu ch v gii iu ch BPSK( m phng bng matlab):

Hnh 5 Tn hiu BPSK vi tn hiu iu ch dng nh phn : [0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 ]

Gio vin hng dn : Nguyn Th Ngn 15

September 28, 2010

iu ch v gii iu ch BPSK

Hnh 6 Dng tn hiu BPSK vi tn hiu dng nh phn vo : [1 0 1 1 0101 1 1 0 ] 3.4. Nhn xt : S iu ch PSK c phc tp trung bnh, c s dng ch yu trong k thut radio s. H thng c cc c trng sau: Sai s t hn phng php FSK. Ph cc tiu ca tn hiu iu ch (FW) bng tc truyn bit (Fb). Hiu sut truyn = 1 (xc nh bng (Fb/ FW) = 1). Tc Baud c nh ngha nh tc iu ch bng tc truyn Fb.
Gio vin hng dn : Nguyn Th Ngn 16

September 28, 2010

iu ch v gii iu ch BPSK

K thut iu ch BPSK m ha cc bt n c v chng ch c hai trng thi u ra , k thut iu ch s , ngi ta thng tn dng m ha mc cao hn (M>2). S cc trng thi pha u ra l h thng M mc trong M=4 tc c 4 trng thi pha u ra, khi : N=4,8,16, N=log2M Trong N: s bt c m ha M : s cc trng thi pha u ra vi N bit Ta li c: B=fb/log2M Trong fb : l tc bt u vo(Hz) B: rng bng tn ti thiu(bps) M l s cc trng thi u ra . ng dng : iu ch kha dch pha hin nay c s dng rng di trong cc h thng thng tin qun s , thng mi , cc h thng vi ba s . Phng thc iu ch ny c th xem l mt phng thc iu ch hiu qu cho cc ng dng truyn tin bng v tuyn v n m bo xc sut li thp nht i vi mt mc tn hiu thu nh khi o trn mt chu k tn hiu.

Gio vin hng dn : Nguyn Th Ngn 17

September 28, 2010

iu ch v gii iu ch BPSK

4. Ti liu tham kho : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Vi ba s _NXB bu in-TS Bi Thin Minh Bi ging k thut thng tin s Digital_Modulation http://www.mathworks.com http://sinhvienvt.net http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-shift_keying

Gio vin hng dn : Nguyn Th Ngn 18