DN NG V QUN L KHNG LU

TM TT NI DUNG

CHNG III: CC PHN T DN BAY V CCH TNH HNG BAY

LA BN T.

I.

- La bn t l dng c quan trng ch hng bay trn mt a cu. - C nhiu loi la bn khc nhau. Mi loi c nhng c tnh ring. - 2 loi la bn t c bn: + La bn t n. + La bn truyn xa. 1. La bn t n a) Nguyn l lm vic: Da trn tnh cht nh hng ca kim nam chm treo t do s ch kinh tuyn Nam chm. b) Cu to : - Phao la bn: l h thng nam chm c t ha. - V la bn: c vch chun c hng. - B iu chnh lch la bn (b bi hon t).

Phao la bn: Phao la bn nh mt chp trn 360 . Vnh ca phao c chia cc vch chia . Mi vch nh 5 , vch ln l 10 , nh s 30 mt.

 Di chp ca phao c t h thng 2 nam chm nh hng ( Lun ch theo kinh tuyn nam chm). V l kinh tuyn la bn. Trc quay v trc, c l xo nng nhm lm cho trc gi thanh nam chm c t do (ma st nh). V la bn V la bn: c lm bng vt liu khng nhim t, pha trc c ca s bng mica trong sut. Vch chun ch hng c gn vi v la bn v nm song song vi trc dc my bay. V la bn c gn theo my bay cn phao la bn nm trong cht lng trng thi t do. B iu chnh lch la bn B iu chnh lch ca la bn ( b bi hon t): Pha trc hoc trn ca la bn c gn 1 h thng nam chm theo trc dc v trc ngang nhm iu chnh cho nam chm nh hng gim bt s sai lch. c) u v nhc im ca la bn t n. U IM Dng c o hng bay c bn v n gin. Lp t trc tip trn bng ng h bay ca phi cng. Khng ph thuc vo h thng in. Lp trn tt c cc loi my bay.

NHC IM - chnh xc khng cao. - C nhiu sai lch: Sai lch v nhy. tr tr ca phao la bn. Sai lch khi vng, khi nghing v khi bay ln xung.

2.

La bn truyn xa. - khc phc nhng nhc im ca la bn t n ( trc ch ) ngi ta ch to ra mt loi la bn t con quay c gi l la bn truyn xa hay la bn in. - H thng la bn ny c s dng trn mi v tuyn ca a cu. - Mt s loi la bn truyn xa nh: K-1 ca Nga. N-1 ca M - La bn truyn xa c th s dng nh mt la bn t hoc la bn con quay nh hng. - Tn hiu hng ca la bn truyn xa c th cung cp cho h thng li t ng, Rada, my in ton dn ng t ng,

a) -

Cu to la bn truyn xa. B truyn cm t. Con quay nh hng. My khuch i. ng h ch hng. Sensin lp li ca la bn v tuyn.

B truyn cm hng t (vin pht) L mt la bn t tnh ca h thng. c t xa cc t trng c nh trn my bay. ( Cc loi my bay cnh thng t u mt cnh, trc thng t ui my bay) H thng nh hng t thng cu to bng 3 cun day cm ng t, mi cun nm 1 gc 120 . Khi c dng in chy qua s c t ha => coi nh nam chm vnh cu, c hng l kinh tuyn t. Trn np b truyn cm hng c b b sai.

Con quay nh hng L b phn n n hng ca la bn ch. Khi h thng hot ng theo ch la bn t, s ch trn la bn c n nh khng nh la bn t n ( phi cng phi tnh hng ch trung bnh) My khuch i L trung tm thu v pht tn hiu ca h thng la bn. Cc tn hiu t b truyn cm hoc con quay n u c thu v khuch i theo tng bng tn ring cho cc b phn khc ca h thng. ng h ch hng L b phn ch hng chnh ca h thng la bn. c t trc tip trn bng ng h trong bung li ca phi cng. My mc trong ng h ch hng thu pht tt c cc d kin t: con quay nh hng, b truyn cm t, b iu chnh lch ch hng bay n nh chnh xc. ng thi cung cp tn hiu ng bay cho Radar, my tnh dn ng t ng, li t ng.

3. Bng iu khin h thng la bn

- Gm c: Nm iu chnh v (t v v tr ang bay). Cc ch s dng khi cn. - Trc khi bay cn kim tra k cng. - Thng t v tr lm vic ca hoa tiu. - Bng iu khin h thng ty theo hnh thc la bn v v tr iu khin c cc ch khc nhau: khi l la bn cm ng t, la bn con quay, la bn thin vn. S dng ch no t vo ch . 4. Con quay v la bn con quay. a) Con quay - Con quay l b phn c bn ca nhiu ng h bay trong hng khng. - Cc thit b bay thng p dng nguyn tc hi chuyn ca con quay ch to ng h bay: ng h o vng,trt,v th( ch ng chn tri gi),ch hng - Ty theo cng dng m ngi ta dng con quay ba mt t do hoc con quay hai mt t do. b) Cu to con quay - Con quay gm: 1 Roto (khi hnh tr) c trc chnh, gi treo v . - Con quay c trc chnh song song vi mt t: con quay mt phng ngang. - Con quay c trc chnh vung gc vi mt t: con quay thng ng. Roto: Tnh cht c bn: C sc nng vi t trng ng c. C tc quay tht nhanh.

 Cng sut cn ko v quay roto chy nhanh c cung cp bng sc ht hoc bng in. h sc ht: my bm chn khng ht khng kh pha sau hp ng h con quay lm sc ht khng kh nh vo cnh hng gi ca a roto => roto quay vi tc cn thit. h thng in: a roto l mt ng c quay trn c nh in.

c) Cch lp rp con quay C 2 kiu lp rp dng trong ng h bay. Cch lp thng dng: Trc Roto c th vng ( quo) hoc nghing c. ng h v th ( chn tri), la bn ch hng dng cch lp thng dng. Cch lp gii hn: Trc Roto ch c th nm nghing. ng h o s vng( quo) v trt dng cch lp gii hn. d) Tnh cht ca tc ng hi chuyn - Nhng tnh cht c bn ca tc ng hi chuyn (tin ng con quay) : Tnh nh trc trong khng gian ( tnh vng chc) Hi chuyn tht. - Khi nm vng cc c tnh trn c th s dng con quay trong cc phng tin dn bay mt cch tin cy.

Tnh nh trc trong khng gian: - nh lut Newton 1: Nu mt vt khng chu tc dng ca lc no hoc chu tc dng ca cc lc c hp lc bng khng th n gi nguyn trng thi ng yn hoc chuyn ng thng u.

- Mt con quay hi chuyn trong hot ng t do trong tt c ba trc s duy tr hng trc quay ca n khng ph thuc vo nh hng ca khung bn ngoi. - Nu trc quay ca Roto lp theo cch thng dng. Khi Roto quay vi tc nhanh (30-40 nghn vng/pht) th trc chnh rt ca con quay vn gi nguyn v tr ttrong khng gian.

- nh lut Newton II: Gia tc ca mt vt cng hng vi lc tc dng ln vt. ln ca gia tc t l thun vi ln ca lc v t l nghch vi khi lng ca vt. - V vy a ca Roto phi c sc nng ln v c tc quay cc nhanh: mt vt nng v chuyn ng nhanh s khng b lch qu o chuyn ng nhiu nh vt th nh v chuyn ng chm khi chu tc dng ca mt lc nh nhau. - Tnh nh trc trong khng gian c ng dng trong h thng ng h v th ( chn tri nhn to) v h thng la bn ch hng l c s xc nh ln xung, nghing v hng ca my bay.

Hi chuyn tht - Hi chuyn tht l s tin ng ca trc chnh con quay khi v tr ban u ca n trong khng gian. - Khi 1 lc tc dng ln a Roto, mt phng chuyn ng s c khuynh hng lt v khng phi lt theo hng ca lc tc ng m lt 90 xung quanh trc quay - Tnh cht tin ng tht ny c ng dng vo vic iu chnh ng h con quay theo mun ca trc quay. - Hu ht con quay nh hng u c trang b nm vn to ra cc lc . - S c st trong cc bi con quay c th xy ra cng tc ng v to ra mt hi chuyn khng trnh khi => khi ch to cn loi b ma st.

e) La bn con quay (con quay ch hng).

- Mt con quay dng lm dng c ch hng, trc quay ca n c gii hn nm song song vi mt t. + V vy, trc chnh con quay ch quay trong mt phng ngang => my bay ch c sai st thnh phn ngang khi con quay ch hng. + Vi con quay ch hng: hi chuyn c ngha l thnh phn ngang ca hi chuyn. - La bn con quay hi chuyn cho php ch hng bc nh mt chic la bn. - Nhng thay v hin tng t tnh, n cha bn trong mt con quay hi chuyn, ngha l mt chic a quay nhanh. Trc quay ca chic a gi mt hng c nh. - Chic a (hay cn gi l Roto) ca con quay hi chuyn c duy tr chuyn ng nh vo mt m-t in. Trc ca Roto, theo nguyn l ca con quay hi chuyn, lun cha v cng mt hng. Nu tu bin hoc my bay i hng, la bn con quay hi chuyn vn c ch hng bc m thi. Cc sai st ca la bn con quay: - Sai st ch yu gy ra bi s hi chuyn, nht l khi con quay c dng nh mt la bn ch hng. - Hi chuyn tht c to ra trong con quay vi nhng sai st bt k tc no. - S hi chuyn biu kin do d quay ca tri t c iu chnh trn bng iu khin ca la bn.

II.

HNG BAY V CCH TNH

Phng: L mt hng trong khng gian t mt im ny n im khc khng tnh n khong cch gia chng. Phng t n khng lm nn mt gc, nhng trong hng khng thng c nh theo gc t mt phng chun.

Hng bay: HEADING (HD) l gc trong mt phng gia bc kinh tuyn vi trc dc mi my bay theo thun chiu kim ng h tnh t 0 - 360 N TN MN CN

Bc kinh tuyn NORTH MERIDIAN

Bc kinh tuyn thc TRUE NORTH

Bc kinh tuyn t MAGNETIC NORTH

Bc kinh tuyn la bn COMPASS NORTH

VAR VARIATION ( ): lch t thin l gc gia Bc kinh tuyn thc (TN) v Bc kinh tuyn t (MN) bin thin trong gii hn v pha ng mang du (-) v pha Ty mang du (+) DEV ( ) DEVIATION : lch la bn l gc gia Bc kinh tuyn t v kinh tuyn la bn, cng bin thin trong gii hn v pha ng mang du (-) v pha Ty mang du (+).

Hng bay tht TRUE HEADING (TH) l gc gia kinh tuyn tht ( kinh tuyn a l) v trc dc mi my bay theo chiu thun kim ng h tnh t 0 - 360 .

Hng bay t MAGNETIC HEADING (MH) l gc gia Bc kinh tuyn t v trc dc mi my bay theo chiu thun kim ng h tnh t 0 - 360 . Hng bay la bn COMPASS HEADING (CH) l gc gia Bc kinh tuyn la bn v trc dc mi my bay theo chiu thun kim ng h tnh t 0 - 360 .

VD: TH=138 ; VAR = -10 ; DEV=3 .

Gii:
Cch tm hng bay la bn:

TH 138 138

VAR -10 -10

MH ? 128

DEV -3 -3

CH ? 125

Cch tm phng php ngc: TH ? 138 VAR -10 -10 MH ? 128 DEV -3 -3 CH ? 125 =+3 . Tm MK v

Gii v d trn theo cng thc lin x c UK=138 , M=+10 , KK. TH(NK): Hng thc. MH(MK) : Hng t. VAR( ): lch thin. CH (KK)- Hng la bn. DEV( ) lch la bn.

Gii:
MK=HK- ( KK=MK- ( ) = 138 (+10 )= 128 ) = 128 (+3 )= 125