MNG THNG TIN DI NG

THEO CU TRC NGN (NGN-Mobile)

Mng thng tin di ng phat trin mnh m va rng khp trn toan th gii trong
mi nm va qua vi kha nng cung cp a dng cac loi hinh dich vu. Hin nay,
nhu cu su dung dich vu du liu ngay cang tng cao, cac dich vu du liu chim mt
ti trong ang k trong tng doanh thu cua nha khai thac mng thng tin di ng.
Trong vai nm ti cac dich vu thng tin a phong tin dua trn nn IP, s la ngun
doanh thu chinh khi doanh thu t cac dich vu thoi ang tro nn bo hoa. Xu hng
nay oi hoi mng thng tin di ng phai phat trin theo mt cu truc mi tin tin
hon, cu truc dua trn nguyn tc cua mng NGN (Next Generation Network), vi
cac tiu chi co ban: a) Su hi tu dich vu thoi va dich vu du liu; b) Su phn tach
lp iu khin khoi lp truyn tai. Xu hng nay bt u t phin ban Release 4
(cua 3GPP) va oc hoan thin trong Release 5/6 va cung co mt anh x tong ung
i vi mng thng tin di ng cua 3GPP2.
Bai vit nay phn tich xu hng phat trin mng thng tin di ng theo cu truc
NGN dua trn cac phin ban tiu chun cua t chuc 3GPP/3GPP2.
1. M !
Khai nim cu truc mng NGN xut phat t mng thng tin c inh. Theo khuyn
nghi cua Lin minh Vin thng th gii (ITU), mng th h mi - Next Generation
Network (NGN) oc coi la mng goi co kha nng cung cp cac dich vu vin
thng, su dung bng tn rng va cac cng ngh truyn tai h tro QoS trong o cac
chuc nng lin quan n dich vu khng phu thuc vao cng ngh truyn tai. H
thng h tro tinh di ng linh hot cho phep cung cp dich vu cho thu bao mt
cach n inh moi luc, moi noi.
NGN oc hiu la mng dua trn mng chuyn mch goi trong o cac phn tu thuc
hin chuc nng chuyn mch inh tuyn va cac phn tu iu khin oc phn tach
mt cach logic va vt ly theo kha nng thng minh iu khin dich vu hoc cuc
goi. Mng NGN h tro rt a dng cac loi hinh dich vu dua trn mt co so h tng
truyn dn chung, bao gm t cac dich vu thoi co ban cho n cac dich vu s liu,
video, a phong tin, dich vu bng thng rng, va cac ung dung quan ly mng
thng minh.
V co ban, m hinh chuc nng cua mng NGN nh. Trong m hinh nay, mng
NGN oc chia thanh cac phn lp co ban: lp truy nhp, lp truyn tai, lp iu
khin va lp ung dung. Mi phn lp co chua mt s phn tu chuc nng co ban
nh: May chu cuc goi (Call Sever) hay con goi la Chuyn mch mm
(SoItSwitch), Cng truy nhp (Media Gateway), Cng bao hiu (Signalling
Gateway) va May chu dich vu (Feature Server).
Vi yu cu cung cp cac dich vu s liu, c bit la dich vu truyn thng a
phong tin, mng thng tin di ng hin nay cung ang phat trin theo cu truc
NGN. Co th noi, cac t chuc tiu chun 3GPP va 3GPP2 ong vai tro chu yu
trong vic xy dung kin truc mng NGN-Mobile cho cac h thng thng tin di
ng dua trn mng li GSM va CDMA. Xu hng phat trin theo cu truc NGN
cua mng li 3GPP bt u t Release 4 (R4), sau o oc hoan thin boi Release
5 (R5) va Release 6 (R6) vi kha nng h tro cac dich vu thng tin a phong tin.
V nguyn tc, co th xy dung mng thng tin di ng NGN-Mobile dua trn cac
cu truc: mng li R4 hoc cu truc mng li R5&R6.
Hnh 1. Cu trc phn lp chc nng ca mng NGN
Cac nha khai thac mng GSM hin nay chu yu ang o giai on R99. Ho co th
lua chon cac giai phap trin khai nng cp nh sau:
Mng li R99 -~ Mng li R4
Mng li R99 -~ Mng li R5
Mng li R99 -~ Mng li R4 -~ Mng li R5
Vic lua chon giai phap nng cp mng cua mi nha khai thac cu th phu thuc vao
nhiu yu t khac nhau, nh hin trng mng hin ti; chin loc phat trin
mng/dich vu; chi phi u t. Diu nay cho phep nha khai thac lua chon phong an
trin khai mng phu hop.
Trn thi trng th gii hin nay, cac hng san xut thit bi mng thng tin di ng
tung ra cac san phm thit bi mng li dua trn tiu chun R4 va R5. Nhiu nha
khai thac ang co chin loc phat trin hng ti mt mng li theo cu truc NGN-
Mobile nhm xy dung mt co so h tng mng truyn tai chung cung nh kha
nng cung cp, quan ly linh hot tt ca cac loi hinh dich vu/ung dung.
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NGN
T chuc 3GPP thuc hin chun hoa cng ngh WCDMA cho h thng thng tin di
ng 3G UMTS. Cho n nay, mng li UMTS oc phat trin theo 3 Release
co ban: R99, R4 va R5; ngoai ra, R6 ang trong qua trinh thuc hin chun hoa. Sau
y s phn tich nhung thay i trong qua trinh chuyn i cu truc mng li cua
3GPP theo hng NGN. Lu y rng, mng thng tin di ng 3G-Cdma2000 cua
3GPP2 cung co su phat trin hng theo cu truc NGN, tong tu nh mng li cua
3GPP, do vy bai vit chi tp trung phn tich mng li di ng do 3GPP chun hoa.
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M ta kin truc phn tach theo loi hinh dich vu (chuyn mch goi va chuyn mch
knh) cua mng li UMTS R99. Tiu chi cua cu truc theo R99 bao gm: tong
thich ngoc vi GSM; h tro truy nhp cac dich vu du liu tc cao; va quan ly
oc QoS. Nh chi ra trong Hinh 2, co hai loi mng truy nhp v tuyn co th
kt ni vi mng li (CN) cua 3GPP: h thng BSS cua GSM va RNS cua
UTRAN. Cac mng truy nhp v tuyn nay kt ni vi mng CN thng qua cac
giao din chun. Cu th, BSS cua GSM kt ni vi min CS qua giao din A va
min PS qua giao din Gb; UTRAN kt ni vi min CS qua giao din Iu-cs va ti
min PS qua giao din Iu-ps. Min CS (Circuit-Switched Domain) cung cp cac
dich vu chuyn mch knh dua trn tng ai MSC (bao gm ca GSM), trong khi
min PS (Packet-Switched Domain) cung cp kt ni IP giua Mobile va cac mng
IP (bao gm ca GPRS).
Hinh 2. Cu truc tham chiu co ban cua 3GPP R99 (Ngun: 3GPP)
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Co th noi cu truc mng li theo R00 phat trin tip sau R99, hay hin nay oc
chia thanh hai pha R4 va R5, oc goi la cu truc mng chuyn tip nhm tin ti
cu truc NGN toan IP trong tong lai. Cac tiu chi t ra cho cu truc R4/5 bao
gm: tong thich vi R99; b sung thm cac dich vu a phong tin dua trn IP; va
h tro hiu qua VoIP v tuyn i vi dich vu a phong tin. Dim cn lu y la
trong cu truc R4/5, vn tn ti hai min tach bit CS va PS, R5 chinh thuc a ra
khai nim h thng IMS:
Min CS vn tn ti va h tro kha nng tong thich ngoc hoan toan i vi cac
dich vu min CS R99, co th thuc hin min nay bng cach nng cp MSC thanh
MSC Server va Media Gateway.
Min PS tip tuc h tro cac kt ni IP, oc nng cp thm h tro QoS i vi
cac dich vu a phong tin dua trn IP.
Phn h IMS cung cp cac dich vu IP a phong tin mi b sung vao cac dich
vu oc cung cp boi min CS.
Mc du cac nhom tiu chun cua 3GPP chia R00 thanh R4 va R5 dua trn tiu
chi phat trin h thng theo tng pha. o y, vi quan im tng th v su phat
trin cua cu truc mng, cp n cac h thng R4 va R5 nh mt h thng R00
(). D co oc kha nng truy nhp c lp va am bao oc su kt ni thng sut
cac thit bi u cui huu tuyn thng qua Internet, R00 hng ti tong thich vi
cac tiu chun Internet cua IETF o nhung noi su dung giao thuc nay, chng hn
R00 h tro giao thuc SIP. D ap ung VoIP, kin truc R00 cung h tro tp ti thiu
cac phong thuc codec bt buc va cac tuy chon giao thuc bt buc i vi cac
dich vu VoIP.
Hinh 3. Kin truc tham chiu R00 (R4 va R5) (Ngun: 3GPP)
M ta kin truc tng quat cua R00. Trong kin truc nay, i vi min PS, xut hin
cac phn tu mi so vi kin truc R99 thuc v Phn h IMS, no la phn tu li cua
cu truc mng NGN-Mobile hin nay. Cu truc cua phn h a phong tin dua
trn IP (Ip Multimedia Subsystem) nh.
IMS bao gm cac phn tu sau: P-CSCF (Proxy Call Session Control Function); I-
CSCF (Interrogating CSCF); S-CSCF (Serving CSCF); SGW (Signalling
Gateway); MGW (Media Gateway); MGCF (Media Gateway Control Function);
BGCF (Breakout Gateway Control Iunction); MRFP (Multimedia Resource
Function Processor); MRFC (Multimedia Resource Function Controller).
IMS vi giao thuc nn la SIP, vi cac tinh nng khoi to phin thi gian thuc, cho
phep cac nha khai thac phat trin va quan ly cac dich vu du liu di ng mt cach
linh hot va hiu qua. Cac nha khai thac lun mong mun mng cua ho h tro cac
giao din chun kt ni ti IMS cho phep h tro cac dich vu lin mng va kha nng
kt ni ti cac nha cung cp ni dung/ung dung bn thu ba. H thng tiu chun va
xut phat trin IMS cua 3GPP hin nay bt u oc cng nghip vin thng
v tuyn va huu tuyn chp thun.
Hinh 4. Kin truc phn lp chuc nng cua IMS
Di vi cac mng di ng, IMS cho phep cac nha khai thac gii thiu nhiu loi
hinh dich vu hp dn, nh Push-to-Talk, mt cach hiu qua va linh hot. Di vi
cac nha khai thac mng c inh, IMS s khoi mao cho su phat trin bung n cac
ung dung VoIP va dua trn SIP thng qua truy nhp bng rng. Mong mun chung
cua cac nha khai thac vin thng hin nay la ho khng chi thu oc loi nhun t
vic truyn tai cac bit du liu ma con t vic cung cp a dng cac dich vu tim
nng dua trn IP va IMS chinh la cu tra li kha thi nht |1.
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Kin truc tich hop theo m hinh NGN cua R00 nhin o quan im phn lp chuc
nng oc m ta trong . Mng bao gm 4 lp chuc nng: Lp truy nhp bao gm
cac phong thuc truy nhp v tuyn, huu tuyn; Lp truyn tai goi ng truc dua
trn nn IP; Lp iu khin vi phn tu li la IMS; va Lp dich vu bao gm cac
Server cung cp dich vu. Lp dich vu kt ni vi Lp iu khin thng qua cac
ham giao din lp trinh ung dung (API) cho phep cung cp, phat trin, mo rng
dich vu mt cach mm do va linh hot. Kin truc nay cung cho thy xu hng hi
tu cac phong thuc truy nhp mng khac nhau ti mt mng li NGN duy nht.
So vi kin truc mng UMTS R99, kin truc mng R00 co nhung c im ni bt:
Mng li UMTS R00 co cu truc phn lp, bao gm 4 lp co ban: Lp truy nhp
vi nhiu phong thuc truy nhp khac nhau (v tuyn va huu tuyn); Lp truyn tai
IP/ATM; Lp iu khin; va Lp ung dung. Dy chinh la kin truc hng ti mt
mng li NGN duy nht.
Bt u t R4, min CS tach phn iu khin MSC Server ra khoi phn truyn
tai MGW (Media GateWay). R5 chinh thuc a ra khai nim Phn h IP a phong
tin (IMS) cho phep cung cp va quan ly cac dich vu truyn thng a phong tin
dua trn nn IP ti u ngi su dung.
Hinh 5. Kin truc tich hop theo R00 (R4/R5).
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Sau giai on chuyn tip vi kin truc R00 (bao gm R4 va R5), dich vu a
phong tin dua trn IP tro nn ph bin, 3GPP hng ti mt h tng tich hop
hoan toan dua trn mt h thng li chuyn mch goi, nh . Cac tiu chi dich vu
i vi kin truc nay bao gm: chuyn cac dich vu co ban thanh dich vu a phong
tin dua trn nn IP va su phat trin rng khp cua cac dich vu IP a phong tin
bn ngoai mng UMTS.
Dn luc nay, co th gia thit rng, phn h IMS phat trin ti muc co th ong vai
tro thay th vic cung cp dich vu trc y vn oc min CS thuc hin. Chung ta
thy rng, min PS vn tip tuc oc giu li trong khi min CS bi loi bo. Mt
vn ln s gp phai vi h thng nay chinh la vic tich hop dich vu va cac vn
bao mt vn ang trong tin trinh chun hoa cua 3GPP/3GPP2 |2.
Hinh 6. Kin truc mng UMTS trong tong lai
6. E! i-. 345 ./'( NGN-Mobile
Xu hng hi tu va tich hop v cng ngh ln dich vu ang din ra rt mnh m
trong mng vin thng ngay nay. Giai phap mng NGN s cho phep chung ta thuc
hin thanh cng cuc cach mng nay. Cac loi ich chinh cua mng NGN-Mobile
khng nm ngoai kha nng cung cp mm do va a dng nhiu loi hinh dich vu,
c bit la dich vu thng tin a phong tin thi gian thuc, cac dich vu du liu
phong phu. Sau y la mt s u im co ban cua mng NGN-Mobile |3:
Mt mng li duy nht: mng li dua trn cng ngh chuyn mch goi, cho phep
ti u kha nng su dung tai nguyn.
Tinh hi tu: cho phep nhiu loi hinh a truy nhp mng bao gm ca v tuyn ln
huu tuyn.
Kin truc mo: cac nha phat trin dich vu/ung dung bn thu ba d dang tham gia
vao vic cung cp dich vu bng cach su dung cac ham mo API (Application
Programming InterIace) do mng cung cp.
Dich vu a dng: cho phep phat trin cac loi hinh dich vu gia tng c bit la cac
loi hinh dich vu truyn thng a phong tin IP.
Tuy co rt nhiu u im nh trn, nhng cung cn giai quyt nhiu vn lin
quan n cu truc mng NGN-Mobile, bao gm:
Vn bao mt, tinh tin cy, va kha nng thuc thi: NGN-Mobile la mng co cu
truc mo h tro nhiu loi ung dung vi nhiu muc cht long khac nhau do vy vn
bao mt, am bao cht long dich vu s cang kho khn hon.
Vn phat trin phn mm: mng NGN-Mobile la co hi rt ln cho cac nha
phat trin phn mm ung dung, s co rt nhiu phn mm oc su dung li. Vic
tich hop cac ung dung su dung cac thanh phn phn mm trung gian do nhiu nha
cung cp lam phuc tp mng cung cp dich vu.
Vn tiu chun kt ni mng: mng NGN-Mobile h tro rt nhiu giao thuc
kt ni mng. Do o vic phi hop hot ng sun s giua cac giao thuc ang la
mt vn cn giai quyt.
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Su phat trin bung n cua mng Internet, nhu cu su dung cac dich vu du liu
chuyn mch goi di ng ngay cang tng, c bit la cac dich vu truyn thng a
phong tin dua trn nn IP chinh la ng luc thuc y su phat trin cua cng ngh
mng thng tin di ng theo mt kin truc mi tin tin, mm do va linh hot hon,
cu truc NGN. Co th noi rng trong cu truc NGN-Mobile, phn h IP a phong
tin chinh la phn tu li cua h thng co vai tro nh mt h tng chung h tro cac
ung dung a phong tin va hin nay, co rt nhiu nha khai thac mng thng tin
di ng trn th gii trin khai nng cp mng cua ho theo cu truc mng NGN-
Mobile.
TGi liH! +$5. I$Jo 3$@'$K
|1. H-CHENG CHEN, TA HANG, IP-Based Next-Generation Wireless
Networks, 2004, ohn Wiley & Sons, Inc.
|2. MIIKKA PIKSELKA, GERG MAER, HISHAM KHARTABIL and AKI
NIEMI, The IMS IP Multimedia Concepts and Services in the Mobile Domain,
2004, ohn Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
|3. DR. NATHAN P. CASTR, The UMTS Network and Radio Access
Technology, 2001, ohn Wiley & Sons, Ltd.