Ketcham 1 Ashley Ketcham BIOL 1090, T/TH 10-11:20 Sprin 201! April 2", 201!

#ar$ins%n&s 'isease #ar$ins%n&s (isease, als% $n%)n as #', is a ne*r%(e enerati+e (isease, )hich a,,ects the -rain an( the central ner+%*s system. /%*n(e( -y 'r. 0ames #ar$ins%n in 1911, callin it 2The Sha$in #alsy,3 it is a pr% ressi+e (is%r(er that (e+el%ps %+er time 45ay% 6linic Sta,,7. #' can a,,ect any%ne, it has n%t -een (etermine( i, #ar$ins%n&s (isease is inherite(, -*t there ha+e -een s%me enetic m*tati%ns (isc%+ere( that are -elie+e( t% pre(isp%se pe%ple t% the (isease. 8n+ir%nment, t%%, has n%t -een *ltimately pr%+en t% -e a (eterminin ,act%r in )hether %r n%t an in(i+i(*al may -e a,,ecte( -y #'. There is n% test t% (etermine i, a patient has #', -*t is instea( (ia n%se( -y %-ser+ati%n an( the r*lin %*t %, %ther similar (e enerati+e (is%r(ers. S%%n there may -e a test t% pre(ict at ris$ patients ,%r #'. #ar$ins%n&s (isease patients are s%metimes als% treate( ,%r (epressi%n, (epen(in %n the se+erity %, their (is%r(er, it can -e mentally (e-ilitatin ,%r s%me t% l%se their a-ility t% ,*ncti%n as they %nce c%*l( 49Basic In,% A-%*t #'97. A recent st*(y c%n(*cte( at the 5ay% 6linic sh%)s that there is a :; ris$ %, (e+el%pin #' in a pers%n&s li,etime. #e%ple )ith t)% %r m%re relati+es ha+e a :0; chance %, (e+el%pin the (isease. A,,ectin 1; %, the p%p*lati%n %, in(i+i(*als %+er <=, it is (ia n%se( in =-10; %, pe%ple *n(er the a e %, !0. The y%*n est #ar$ins%n&s patient )as (ia n%se( at the a e %, three. 6ertain +ariati%ns %, m*tate( enes appear t% increase

Ketcham 2 the ris$ %, (e+el%pin #'. 8n+ir%nment has sh%)n t% play s%me part in the (e+el%pment %, #' in speci,ic pe%ple. One s*ch ,in(in )as in the 10&s )here se+eral her%in a((icts in>ecte( a h%me-ma(e (r* that in(*ce( permanent #ar$ins%n&s li$e sympt%ms 42#ar$ins%n&s 'isease37. 8?p%s*re t% certain chemicals %r t%?ins may increase the ris$ %, (e+el%pin #' later in li,e, especially ,%r th%se )h% are enetically pre(isp%se(. @esearch has recently ,%*n( the presence %, A-syn*clein in Le)y -%(ies 4cl*mps %, speci,ic s*-stances7 in the -rain )hich are mar$ers %, #'. Th%* h research has n%t (etermine( the reas%ns )hy #ar$ins%n&s %cc*rs, it has -een (isc%+ere( that there is a -rea$(%)n in the ner+e cells %, the -rain that pr%(*ce the chemical (%pamine. Ahen there is n%t en%* h (%pamine in the system, the -%(y l%ses c%ntr%l %, m%+ement, +%l*ntary an( in+%l*ntary. There are ,%*r main sympt%ms %, #', trem%r, ri i(ity, -ra(y$inisia 4sl%)ness7 an( p%st*ral insta-ility. 5in%r sympt%ms incl*(e impaire( p%st*re, l%ss %, a*t%matic m%+ements, ie: -lin$in , s)in in arms )hile )al$in , an( han( est*res (*rin c%n+ersati%n. S%me #ar$ins%n&s patients ha+e (i,,ic*lty s)all%)in an( e?perience (iBBiness an( na*sea. Sympt%ms %, #ar$ins%n&s (isease -e in as s*-tle ann%yances %, sli ht trem%rs %, the e?tremities. Speech may -e sl*rre( (*e t% l%) m*scle stren th in the ,ace, patients may als% s*,,er ,r%m sleep tr%*-les, c%n,*si%n, ,reeBin 4s*((en st%ppin (*rin )al$in 7 an( (i,,ic*lty in )ritin , s%me als% e?perience +is*al pr%-lems. #ar$ins%n&s a,,ects each patient (i,,erently. There are ,i+e sta es %, #ar$ins%n&s, ,r%m mil( 4sli ht ann%yances7 t% (isa-lin 4reC*irin c%nstant care7. 42Basic In,% A-%*t #'37 There is n% $n%)n c*re ,%r #ar$ins%n&s (isease -*t there are treatments that can sl%) the pr% ressi%n %, the (isease. #' is a chr%nic c%n(iti%n that pr% ressi+ely )%rsens

Ketcham : %+er time. It m%st c%mm%nly a,,ects pe%ple in their mi((le a es, typically a,ter a e <0. There are me(icati%ns an( treatments t% alle+iate the sympt%ms %, the (isease, helpin t% sl%) the pr% ress. The m%st c%mm%n %, the treatments is me(icati%n t% replace the l%st (%pamine, )hich is a trial an( err%r ame t% ,in( the c%rrect (%sa e, )hich nee(s t% -e a(>*ste( as the -%(y a(apts t% the me(icati%n. S%metimes, th%* h, the me(icati%n may ca*se sympt%ms t% )%rsen. 5e(icati%n may als% ca*se si(e e,,ects that are *n(esira-le, s*ch as hall*cinati%ns, (ry m%*th, an( irrita-ility. 45ay% 6linic Sta,,7 'eep Brain stim*lati%n is als% s%metimes *se( t% alle+iate the sympt%ms %, #'. 8lectr%(es are implante( t% a p%rti%n %, the -rain an( then c%nnecte( t% a enerat%r )hich sen(s electrical imp*lses t% re(*ce sympt%ms. This treatment is *s*ally %,,ere( t% patients )ith a(+ance( #ar$ins%n&s (isease )h% are n% l%n er seein res*lts )ith me(icati%ns. #alli(%t%my 4-rain s*r ery7 is an%ther e?treme %pti%n. An e?perimental treatment is the *se %, tiss*e transplant, replacin the (%pamine pr%(*cin tiss*e )ith that ,r%m a-%rte( ,et*ses 42#ar$ins%n&s 'isease37. In a((iti%n t% these treatments, patients can -ene,it ,r%m physical, %cc*pati%nal an( speech therapy. #atients )ith #ar$ins%n&s are m%re s*scepti-le t% %ther ne*r%l% ical an( physical iss*es that may %cc*r (*rin their li,etime. Anesthetic *se( (*rin treatment may ca*se ne*r%l% ical (e,icits. /allin is the m%st seri%*s c%nseC*ence %, ha+in #ar$ins%n&s. Bein mis*n(erst%%(, (*e t% sl*rre(, sl%) %r s%,t speech, can ca*se ,r*strati%n an( appr%?imately :0; %, all #ar$ins%n&s patients s*,,er ,r%m s%me (e ree %, (ementia 45ay% 6linic Sta,,7. #ar$ins%n&s is a ,ri htenin (isease t% th%se )h% e?perience it as )ell as their l%+e( %nes.

Ketcham ! A%r$s 6ite( 9Basic In,% A-%*t #'.9 American #ar$ins%n 'isease Ass%ciati%n Inc. American #ar$ins%n 'isease Ass%ciati%n, n.(. Ae-. 2" Apr. 201!. 5ay% 6linic Sta,,. 9#ar$ins%nDs 'isease.9 5ay% 6linic. 5ay% /%*n(ati%n ,%r 5e(ical 8(*cati%n an( @esearch, 12 E%+. 201:. Ae-. 2" Apr. 201!. 9#ar$ins%nDs 'isease.9 Eati%nal #ar$ins%n /%*n(ati%n. Eati%nal #ar$ins%n /%*n(ati%n, n.(. Ae-. 2" Apr. 201!.