Chapter 1

METHODS OF SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION.

1.1 Methods of Scientific Investigation. is a method carried out by following the regulations and precise science principles in a proper and systematic manner to obtain knowledge and science. this method is used by scientist when conducting experiments to study certain matters that occur. Steps of scientific investigation ethod.

.dentify the problem

.dentify the "ariables

#ake a hypothesis

-onduct an in"estigation -ollect *ata

'lan an in"estigation Analysis and interpret data /rite a report

-ontrol the "ariables

#ake conclusion

Writing a report. The following is the format to be used when writing report 1. Aim 2. Hypothesis 3. Variables o ixed ! constant "ariable o #anipulated "ariable o $esponding "ariable %. Apparatus and materials &. 'rocedures (. $esult ! obser"ation ). *ata analyse +. *iscussion ,. -onclusion

Example of writing a report. Ai H!pothesis 0 To determine the boiling points of different types of water. 0 The boiling point of the tap water is higher than the distilled water.

Va"ia#$es 1. Fi%ed Va"ia#$e 0 1i2e of beaker3 amount!"olume of water. &. Manip'$ated Va"ia#$e 0 Types of water. (. )esponding Va"ia#$e 0 The temperature of water ! the boiling point of water. Appa"at's and ate"ia$s 0 Thermometer3 beaker3 measuring cylinder3 4unsen burner3 tripod stand3 wire gau2e3 tap water and distilled water. *"oced'"e 0 15 #easure the same amount of tap water and distilled water using measuring cylinder. 25 'our the tap water and the distilled water into two beakers respecti"ely. 35 $ecord the temperature of the water in the two beakers. %5 Heat the water at the same time. &5 $ecord the temperature e"ery two minutes for the result 1( minutes. (5 1top heating after reading is constant. )es'$t + o#se"vation 0 Time Temperature Tap /ater *istilled /ater Data ana$!se Disc'ssion Conc$'sion 6 2+ 2+ 0 0 'resent of impurities in the tap water increase the boiling point to 162o-. 0 4oiling point of distilled water is lower than boiling point of tap water. 2 % 6 % + % & 3 ( ) ( ( % + 2 + ) % , & 1 6 + 2 , , 12 ,6 1% ,( 1( 162

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