Cac Loai Linh Kien Dien Tu

Nhng linh kin , cu trc c kh n gin lm robot Version 1.0 17/8/2007 Fotech.
h. Org ( din n ca sinh vin i hc Cng Ngh - HQGHN ) CC LOI LINH KIN HAY DNG LM ROBOT N GIN Li ni u:Gi cc bn sinh vin cng nh nhng bn ham m robot. y l cht tm long ca ti mun gi n cc bn sinh vin mi tham gia vo cuc thi robocon. y thc s l nhng kin thc ht sc ph thng , nhng ci m tui tm hiu c trong qu trnh tham gia cuc thi .Mc ch chnh ca n l gii thiu mt cch tp trung v s luc qua nhng linh kin in t cng nh c kh cn dng ch to robot ti Vit Nam, gip cc bn c mt ci nhn tng quan v robot .Bi vit ny cn nhiu thiu xt v mt s thng tin cn cha c kim chng mong rng cc bn s gip ti hon thin ti liu ny .Mi kin xin gi v hm th dnt_2206@yahoo.com .Xin cm n s gip ca cc bn .Chc cho robocon Vit Nam cng nh nghnh cng nghip robot ca chng ta tin xa hn na. 1. Cc b so snh: (thng c s dng trong mch cm bin d ung ) a. LM393 : 8 chn, h tr in p t 2V n 36 V ( c sn 2 b so snh trn 1 chp)
b. LM324 :14 chn, h tr in p t 0 n 32V(hoc +-16V) vi dng khong 50mA.Trong cu to ca LM324 c sn 4 cng so snh vi khong in p chnh lnh c th phn bit l t 0 n 1,5V
c,LM358 : ging LM393
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Nhng linh kin , cu trc c kh n gin lm robot Version 1.0 17/8/2007 Fotech. Org ( din n ca sinh vin i hc Cng Ngh - HQGHN ) 2. Cc IC iu khin ng c Cc loi ic ny thng c chn cp ngun ring cho ng c (Vs) v ngun ring cho ic s l logic(Vss) a.L293b dng cho dng nh (khong 1A)
S ng dng L293B iu khin ng c c dng nh
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Nhng linh kin , cu trc c kh n gin lm robot Version 1.0 17/8/2007 Fotech. Org ( din n ca sinh vin i hc Cng Ngh - HQGHN ) b. L298 dng cho dng khong 3A (ch : do c cng sut ln , nn ngi ta thng lp L298 cng vi mt cc tn nhit) L298 c 15 chn c b tr nh sau :
Ch rng mt con L298 ny c th iu khin c 2 ng c , th ra c th t ti 50V vi dng khng ti l 3A, mc ngun cho cc mc logic l 5v nn c th ghp ni trc tip vi vi iu khin v cc mch h TTL S khi :
S ng dng L298 Written by tahi 3
Nhng linh kin , cu trc c kh n gin lm robot Version 1.0 17/8/2007 Fotech. Org ( din n ca sinh vin i hc Cng Ngh - HQGHN )
cc diode trong cc s ng dng chip iu khin ng c l cc diode xung c tc dng ct cc xung nhiu ngc pht sinh trong qu trnh chuyn ng ca ng c , do ng c cng nh mt ci my pht in 1 chiu , vic ct xung ny s bo v cc linh kin bn trong chip (c bit l cc loi FET).Ngoi ra ngi ta c th s dng cc t gm 102 hoc 103 cng c chc nng tng t (xem hnh trn)
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Nhng linh kin , cu trc c kh n gin lm robot Version 1.0 17/8/2007 Fotech. Org ( din n ca sinh vin i hc Cng Ngh - HQGHN ) 3. dng a, 7805 :c ngha l dng chip 78 v n nh th li ra l 5V, tng t nh vy ta c cc loi IC khc l 7806,7809,7810,7812,7815,78L05,.Cc loi c ch L c th dng cho dng di 100mA , cn nu khng c th c th dng trn 1A . Cc con dng ny c dng chn trn PCB l TO220 Cc loi IC n p Trn th trng c rt nhiu loi ic n p nhng y ti ch nu ra mt s loi m chng ta hay
b.LM317 y cng l mt loi IC n p , c th dng vi dng ln hn 1,5A, vi th ra c th t 1,2V n 37V , ta d rng iu chnh th ny bng cch lp thm 2 in tr nh hnh di y:
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Di y l mt s s ng dng s dng LM317 ca hng Motorola
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4. Cc loi IC hp knh, phn knh , gii m , bin di m , dng cho robot giao tip vi cc thit b ngoi nh gamepad v mn hnh LCD,led by on ) a, ADC804 : 24 chn, gip ghp ni LCD vi vi iu khin b chuyn i tng t sang s ,(cc chp thuc dng 800 ca National semiconductor) .H tr th +-12V hoc +-15v, dng ti a khong 500mA , thi gian bin i l 17usec
b,MAX 232 : ghp ni vi vi iu khin , s dng mc logic 5V , v c th dng vi th +-30V bn c th thy con ny trong cc modem .N cn c tn l b iu khin ng truyn .Max 232 c lp trong chun RS232 , chun ny dng giao tip ni tip vi my tnh , n khng tng thch vi cc mc in p TTL do vy ngi ta s dng max 232 chuyn i in p cho ph hp
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Nhng linh kin , cu trc c kh n gin lm robot Version 1.0 17/8/2007 Fotech. Org ( din n ca sinh vin i hc Cng Ngh - HQGHN ) c, UNL 2003: gip cp ngun cho motor v chn dng cm ng nh ngc t ng c v vi iu khin (ng vai tr nh b m )
d,ULN2803 : chc nng tng t , mi ti l c 18 chn ..
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Nhng linh kin , cu trc c kh n gin lm robot Version 1.0 17/8/2007 Fotech. Org ( din n ca sinh vin i hc Cng Ngh - HQGHN ) 5. Cc IC to xung vung iu khin ng c v iu bin cho sensor a, NE 555: chc nng chnh l pht xung ,xung tr , nh thi chnh xc . Chp ng gi c 8 chn
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Nhng linh kin , cu trc c kh n gin lm robot Version 1.0 17/8/2007 Fotech. Org ( din n ca sinh vin i hc Cng Ngh - HQGHN ) 6. Cc loi linh kin khc hay dng a, cc loi kho chuyn mch , nt reset v cc cng tc hnh trnh v cc cng tc khc
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b,
led by on v LCD
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Nhng linh kin , cu trc c kh n gin lm robot Version 1.0 17/8/2007 Fotech. Org ( din n ca sinh vin i hc Cng Ngh - HQGHN ) linh hot trong chin thut thi u v vn sa cha ,nng cp ngi ta lp thm cc LCD, ch rng l n c th mc trc tip vi IC ko hay phi s dng cc ca m v cc con i m(v d 74xx trong sch k thut in t s ca thy nguyn kim giao c ni rt nhiu v cc ic ny) c, gamepad cc loi (ch rng gamepad lun c mt con ic chuyn cc tn hiu tng t thnh tn hiu s x l , tu thuc vo cch s dng ca bn m c th la chn gamepad, n nh th ngi ta ct i IC dng cc nt nh cng tc hnh trnh , c mt u ni t ,) V cng ngh gii tr trn th gii t trnh rt cao ln c rt nhiu loi gamepad vi nhiu kiu dng v chc nng khc nhau .Di y ch l mt s hnh nh bn tham kho
d, cc loi bnh xe (y l nhng loi bnh xe c ng gi , gi thnh rt t v rt him c th trng Vit Nam, theo ti cc bn nn tnh ton v dng cc cc nha ch thnh nhng loi bnh xe chng ta cn dng ,)
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di y l loi bnh xe a hng (t), nu quan tm th tt qua din n in t Vit Nam tham kho gi
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Nhng linh kin , cu trc c kh n gin lm robot Version 1.0 17/8/2007 Fotech. Org ( din n ca sinh vin i hc Cng Ngh - HQGHN ) e cc loi l cun , dng dc
cc loi ng c tham kho trang www.robocon.skynet.vn trang ny bn vi gi cng mm , c bit u tin sinh vin ,ngoi ra cng ty ny cn nhn mua li ng c c cu cc i tham gia robocon . Ch rng tu theo chc nng v d : ko , cun l , di chuyn .ta xem xt n kh nng ti v chn motor c cng sut cho ph hp , thng thng cc i thng dng loi 12 v , >3A , tc t 100 n 500 vng trn pht. dng cho c cu chuyn ng .Cn cc ng c dng ko y th c th dng loi nh hn .Nn s dng cc loi ng c c hp gim tc (chng qua ch l h thng bnh rng ) C 2 loi motor chnh thng c s dng l ng c bc (step motor) v ng c mt chiu (dc motor ).mi loi c u im ring .Ngoi cc ng c thng thng , nhiu i cn s dng cc motor c trang b encoder m v t ng chnh tc bnh xe ng c bc :c 5 dy th mt dy chung cho c 4 cun ta c th dng ng h kim tra
f,
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ng c DC: ch c 2 dy , mt dng , mt m
C nhiu loi ic iu khin cc ng c ny . y ti xin php ch k tn m ko nu nguyn tc hot ng v cu to ca cc chip ny: thng dng nht l L293B-D-E v L298, ngoi ra cn c L292,L297,L6202,L6203,L6219,L6506.
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Nhng linh kin , cu trc c kh n gin lm robot Version 1.0 17/8/2007 Fotech. Org ( din n ca sinh vin i hc Cng Ngh - HQGHN ) 7. Cc kt cu c kh hay c s dng
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Ph lc :
Dui y l phn hng dn lm mch in th cng bt u t cng on in ra PCB. y cng l vn kh nan gii vi cc bn mi tp s dng cc phn mm chuyn dng .Trc khi gii thiu v cch lm mch in th cng tui xin a ra mt s phn mm in hnh hay c dng thit k , m phng , phc v cho qu trnh lm robo phn mm dng lp trnh : tu loi chip bn s dng 8051,PIC, hay AVRv cng tu loi ngn ng lp trnh bn chn Ngi ta hay dng C v assembly ch vit chng trnh bng assembly , bn phi c kin thc c bn v phn cng (bn vit trn nn chp no ..??) phn mm dch file sang dng hex v phn mm np vo chip : ci ny cng ph thuc vo mch np ca bn ,(v d : dng read 51 dch file C v assem sang hex ) phn mm v mch nguyn l : mi hc th dng circuit marker , electronic workbend , eagle nhng my phn mm ny c th vin ngho nn .Ngi ta hay s dng Orcad (n thi im ti vit bi c l c ver 15 nhng tui dng bn 9 v 9.2 , cc bn khc kh nng cho nhng my cu hnh thp ), tip l Protel thit k mch in c orcad , protel , traxmaker ,. phn mn my in o : acrobat professional , virtual printer, pdf 995 (mc ch l chuyn cc bn in sang dng pdf) phn mm m phng : tu thuc phn cng , Proteus l la chn hang u . phn mm ny cng c tnh nng v mch nguyn l song khng mnh cho lm phn mm m phng 3d cc hot ng ca robot : 3Dmax , Webots 5 Chun b: giy mu hng h (gi 4k hng vn phng phm no cng c) ,php ng 15k (loi u nht ,mi lm m), HCl tm 36M, H2O2(xy gi )(2 l ny cu giy bn khong 40k ) axeton (lau chi mng tay ), bn l ,..chu. y l loi mch in siu c bn cha c ph xanh ,khng c m l ,kch thc ng mch ti thiu c th t c l khong 0,4mm, (khong 20mil, 1mil =e-3 inch) Sau khi i dy xong ton b , bn cn chnh kch thc ri dng cc phn mn to my in o to ra cc nh ca cc bn in ny c nh dng file l pdf .Khi in ch ch A4, mn nht c th ,chn ch tit kim mc ,Th ri in ra giy hng h ( c m kim c hng no n cho in ln ci giy ny ,ch my in y l my in laser ,loi khc ti cha th ) ch mirror ra mt bn . sau p ci ln tm pp ( ch lm sch tm php bng axeton ). c nh bng bng dnh , hay bt c ci j c th , sau dng bn l , khong 10 pht (ch c nng vi m hng vic ) ch l k cc mp .Khi xong vic th mc in s t giy m chy bm vo tm php ng (cng kh chc chn nhng c th vn i ) bn ngm c tm pp ln giy ang nng vo chu nc cho giy mm ra d bc m khng s bong cc ng mch ) .Giy mm ri th bn bc ht giy cn bm trn mt ng , ra li vo nc sau ngm vo dung dch sau: HCL,H2O2,H20 vi t l l 1:1:5 lc qua lc li fp trong dung dch ch vi pht l bn thy kt qu ngay.Sau bn li em tm php (by gi ch cn ng mch ) i ra li cho sch v khoan l (ch mi khoan hay c s dng l loi 0,8 v 1mm ngoi ra th ngi ta cn dng loi 3mm khon cc inh vt gi mch , gi ca my ci mi ny l 500 n 1k/mi ) mun bo v mch cho p v bn , th ngi ta bo l trn nha thng vi xng ri qut ln b mt . hoc c th ph xanh ,ph lc (ci ny bn c gng tm hiu thm ) , nhng ng mch mnh qu , hay b t bn c th cu dy ni li 22 Written by tahi
Nhng linh kin , cu trc c kh n gin lm robot Version 1.0 17/8/2007 Fotech. Org ( din n ca sinh vin i hc Cng Ngh - HQGHN ) No by gi hy bt tay vo ch to ngay cho mnh ci mch in u tin .Chc cc bn thnh cng Cn nu khng thnh cng na th di y l mt s a ch lm mch in H ni , gi c v cht lng i i vi nhau xng M2 , ng b tng thanh xun, i din nh my s viglacera . cng ngh chp nhn c , gi c phi chng nhng th tc hi rc ri Cng ty c vit h 726 ng Lng , thy b ni nhiu lm.. Vin in t tin hc v t ng ho S 9 ngch 30 ng Thng Phong , Tn c Thng , P105/79 ng 1 T Quang Bu ,
Cc t tr gip tm kim : Cc loi IC ch cn nh tn l ra hng lot nu khng c th thm datasheet hoc free download ..kiu nh th Cc loi cng tc l : lever switch , whisker switch , button switch Led by on l : led 7 segment , Lcd : liquid crystal display (nu mun tm ng loi cn dng th bn hy nh thm nh lcd connect with 89c51 .. cn nu khng th ton ra mn hnh tinh th lng ca my tnh thi..) Gamepad Bnh xe l :small wheel Rng rc l bulley ng c l : dc motor v step motor tay kp : gripper t in : capacitor (cc loi t nh ceramic , polar,..) in tr :resistor ..( bin tr l var resistor , tr thanh l resistor sip ,.. tr quang l LDR: light depend resistor) cun cm : inductor .. bn c th thm cc t kho nh robot , component , small , manipulator.,design .. Chc tm kim vui .. Bi vit ny c thu thp mt s trang Web chnh sau: www.fotech.org www.dientuvietnam.net www.diendandientu.com www.robocon.skynet.vn www.alldatasheet.com www.datasheetcatalog.com www.tranzistoare.ro www.electronicsteacher.com v cc gio trnh sau: X l tn hiu s - H Vn Sung K thut in t s -Nguyn Kim Giao Nguyn l k thut in t - Ch Vn An L thuyt mch Ng Din Tp Robot mechanisms and mechanical devices Illustrate Paul E- Sandin V mt s gio trnh khc m tui cng ko nh tn ..
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Nhng linh kin , cu trc c kh n gin lm robot Version 1.0 17/8/2007 Fotech.

c,LM358 : ging LM393

S ng dng L293B iu khin ng c c dng nh

S ng dng L298 Written by tahi 3

Di y l mt s s ng dng s dng LM317 ca hng Motorola

d,ULN2803 : chc nng tng t , mi ti l c 18 chn ..

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