Elementary Go Series, Vol.

IN THE BEGINNING
THE OPENING IN THE GAME OF GO by Ikuro Is i!ure

THE ISHI PRESS, INC. Tokyo

"

About the author Ikuro Is i!ure #as born in 1$%" in Gi&u, 'a(an. In 1$)) e entere* t e !o s+ ool o& Minoru ,itani, $-*an, an* li.e* t ere &or t e ne/t &i.e years, be+omin! a (ro&essional s o*an at t e a!e o& se.enteen. His (romotion re+or* is0 S o*an "-*an 3-*an %-*an )-*an 1-*an 4-*an 5-*an 1$12 1$12 1$1" 1$13 1$1% 1$11 1$42 1$4%

In 1$15 e !aine* a (la+e in t e "%t Honinbo 6ea!ue, an* in 1$4% e #on t e u((er *i.ision o& t e Ni on ,iin Oteai 7rankin!8 tournament. His obbies in+lu*e skiin!, table-tennis, an* s(orts in !eneral. At (resent e li.es #it is #i&e, # o is also a (ro&essional !o (layer, in S ina!a#a-ku, Tokyo.

Publis e* by T e Is i Press, In+. 9PO:o/"1"1 Tokyo, 'a(an

; 9o(yri! t 1$43 in 'a(an by T e Is i Press, In+. All ri! ts reser.e* a++or*in! to international la#. T is book or any (arts t ereo& may not be re(ro*u+e* in any &orm #it out #ritten (ermission &rom t e (ublis er. 6ibrary o& 9on!ress +atalo! number 4)-31"15%

First (rintin! O+tober 1$43 Se+on* (rintin! Au!ust 1$4) T ir* (rintin! February 1$45 Fourt (rintin! <e+ember 1$53 Fi&t (rintin! A(ril 1$55 Printe* in 'a(an by Sokos a Printin! 9o., 6t*.

TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ..............................=======....... 1 Chapter 1 718 T e First Mo.es o& t e Game ......===.=......... 4 7"8 T e 3>% Point ......................===.===.... 12 738 T e 3>3 Point .....................======...... 1" 7%8 T e %>% Point ...................======........ 13 7)8 T e 3>) Point .....................======...... 11 718 T e %>) Point ...............======............. 14 748 E/am(le O(enin! .................======......... 15 758 E/ten*in! Alon! t e Si*e .........=====........ "2 7$8 Pin+er Atta+ks .....=======....................... 3" 7128 In.asions .........................=======....... 3) 7118 E/ten*in! into t e 9enter ........====.......... 3$ 71"8 Pus in! an* 9ra#lin! .......=====............. %4 Chapter 2 Nine Concepts 718 Make ?our Stones @ork To!et er ..===......... )5 7"8 E&&i+ien+y ........................=======......... 12 738 Play A#ay &rom Stren!t .....=====........... 13 7%8 T i+kness an* @alls .............======......... 11 7)8 O(en at t e :ottom ...................======... 43 718 T e T ir* 6ine an* t e Fourt ...=====........ 41 748 Ae.erse Strate!y .............======............ 51 758 6i! t an* Hea.y .................======........ 51 7$8 Atta+k an* <e&ense ..................======.... $5 Chapter 3 Ten Pro !e"s ########## 11$

INT%O&'CTION

T e o(enin! is t eoreti+ally t e ar*est (art o& t e !ame o& !o. To (ro&essional (layers, it is t e ar*est (art in (ra+ti+e, as #ellB in + am(ions i( !ames t at last t#o *ays, &or instan+e, t e &irst *ay is usually s(ent (layin! about t e &irst &i&ty mo.es, an* t e se+on* *ay is s(ent &inis in! all t e rest. Su+ is t e +onsisten+y o& (ro&essional (lay in t e mi**le !ame an* en*!ame t at i& a (layer +omes out o& t e o(enin! #it a ba* (osition, it is almost im(ossible &or im to +at+ u(. Amateurs sometimes rus t rou! t eir initial mo.es, sa.in! t eir (o#ers &or t e &i! tin! later, but t is is more an in*i+ation t at t ey *o not un*erstan* t e o(enin! t an a si!n o& talent. T e number o& (ossibilities in any o(enin! (osition is so .ast t at a (layer must rely on is &eelin! &or t e !ame, rat er t an on ri!orous analysis, &or !ui*an+e. Here e as t e !reatest + an+e to use is ima!ination, (lay +reati.ely, an* *e.elo( a (ersonal style. T is is t e one ( ase o& !o t at as s o#n any si!ni&i+ant e.olution *urin! t e (ast &e# +enturies, an* it still *e&ies absolute +om(re ension. No book +an *e.elo( a (ersonCs ima!ination or (ersonal style, an* t is one *oes not make t e attem(t. In a sense, t ere&ore, it is .ery in+om(lete0 t e rea*er #ill not &in* a (res+ri(tion &or e.ery situation, an* in a+tual (lay e #ill a.e to make is o#n + oi+es most o& t e time. @ at #e a.e trie* to !i.e im is a basis to start &rom0 some soun* mo.es, some use&ul i*eas, some !oo* e/am(les. I& #e a.e su++ee*e*, t e &ollo#in! (a!es #ill el( im to in+rease bot is skill at an* enDoyment o& t e !ame.

CHAPTE% 1
)1* The First +o,es o- the Ga"e
(

@ en :la+k (uts is &irst stone onto t e em(ty !o boar*, e as t ree- un*re* si/ty-one (oints amon! # i+ to + oose. E.en i& symmetry is taken into a++ount, t ere are &i&ty-&i.e *i&&erent (ossible o(enin! mo.es. A little e/(erien+e #ill s o# t at t e &irst line, 7t e e*!e o& t e boar*8, is (ra+ti+ally #ort less in t e .ery be!innin! o& t e !ame, but t at still lea.es &orty-&i.e (ossibilities &or :la+k to +onsi*er. I& e kno#s somet in! about + ess, + e+kers, s o!i, or ot er su+ !ames, :la+k may be tem(te* to (ut is &irst stone *o#n on t e +enter (oint. In t ose !ames t e (ie+es atta+k, (ursue, an* try to +a(ture ea+ ot er, makin! t e +enter, # ere t ey a.e t e !reatest mobility, t e best area o& t e boar*. In !o, o#e.er, t e stones *o not mo.e, an* t e situation is Dust t e o((osite. T e obDe+t in a !ame o& !o is to buil* territory, rat er t an to +a(ture (ie+es. 'ust as a ouse is built &rom t e !roun* u(, in !o it makes sense to start buil*in! aroun* t e e*!es o& t e boar*, # ere t ere is somet in! soli* to buil* a!ainst. T e +orners o& t e boar* are t e best (la+es &or makin! territoryB it is as i& t e &loor an* one #all #ere alrea*y in (la+e. T e +enter is t e least .aluable (art o& t e boar*.

Dia.1

Dia.2

<ia!ram 1 s oul* make t is &a+t more .isible. Ea+ (air o& bla+k stones s o#s a &ormation t at mi! t naturally be ma*e *urin! t e +ourse o& t e !ame. T e t#o stones in t e u((er ri! t +orner !i.e :la+k a !ri( on at least ten (oints o& territory, an* is *omain +an be ra(i*ly enlar!e* by an e/tension *o#n t e si*e o& t e boar*. T e t#o stones on t e lo#er si*e also en+lose some *e&inite territory, alt ou! not nearly as mu+ as t e t#o in t e +orner. T e t#o stones in t e +enter, o#e.er, are like lost souls stran*e* in t e *esert. T ey a.e almost no territory-makin! e&&e+t. As t is *ia!ram stron!ly su!!ests, t e natural &lo# in t e o(enin! o& t e !ame is &irst to !o a&ter t e +orners, an* t en to stake out si*e territory. T e +enter ser.es mainly as a (la+e to es+a(e into &or stones t at +annot make enou! room to li.e at t e e*!e o& t e boar*.

T is a((lies only to t e be!innin! o& t e !ame. 6ater on, a&ter some &i! tin! as taken (la+e an* some #alls o& stones a.e a((eare* on t e boar*, it may be (ossible to make mu+ more territory alon! t e si*es t an in t e +orners, an* sometimes e.en a lar!e area in t e +enter +an be surroun*e*. :ut t e &o+us rests &irst on t e +orners, an* many !ames start #it t e &irst &our stones bein! arran!e* in t e &our +orners o& t e boar*. T ere are un*re*s o& su+ arran!ements (ossible, an* sin+e # i+ o& t em are !oo* an* # i+ are ba* is still an o(en Euestion, you +an + oose as you like. E/(erien+e as s o#n t at t e &irst stone in an o(en +orner s oul* !o on one o& t e (oints marke* F in <ia.". T ese (oints all lie on t e t ir* an* &ourt lines, # i+ are o& (rimary im(ortan+e in t e o(enin!. It is unne+essary an* ine&&i+ient to (lay +loser to t e e*!e o& t e boar* t an t e t ir* line, be+ause e.en # en a stone is out on t e t ir* line, t ere is not enou! room &or t e o((onent to (lay a*.anta!eously bet#een it an* t e e*!e. O(enin! (lays &art er &rom t e +orner t an t ose in <ia." are not so .ery ba*. T ere is at (resent one (ro&essional &i.e-*an # o likes to start at t e %>1 (oints, (a in <ia."8, an* t e !reat Minoru ,itani on+e be!an a !ame by (lantin! is &irst t#o stones sEuarely on t#o o& t e ) >) (oints. From su+ *istant (osts, o#e.er, it is ar* to lay ol* o& t e +orner territory, # i+ is, a&ter all, t e obDe+t o& (layin! in t e +orner in t e &irst (la+e. Most (ro&essional !o (layers, t e aut or in+lu*e*, sti+k #it t e (lays in <ia.", an* o& t ese t e ones +losest to t e +orner, on t e 3 >3, 3>%, an* %>% (oints, are +urrently by &ar t e most (o(ular. Ea+ o& t e (lays in <ia." as its s(e+ial (e+uliarities an* + ara+teristi+ &ollo#in! mo.es, # i+ ten* to o++u(y t e early sta!es o& t e !ame, an* t ese are *es+ribe* ne/t.

)2* The 3./ Point

T e bla+k stone in <ia.1 as been (laye* on t e 3>% (oint, # ere it strikes a !oo* balan+e bet#een (rote+tion o& t e +orner an* *e.elo(ment to#ar* t e rest o& t e boar*. In its asymmetri+al (osition, o#e.er, it in.ites anot er (lay, by eit er :la+k or @ ite, in t e same +orner. Su+ a &ollo#-u( (lay is Dust as .aluable as t e ori!inal (lay in t e +orner, an* is one o& t e key issues in an o(enin! in.ol.in! any stones on t e 3>% (oints.

Dia.1

Dia.2

Dia.3

Dia.4

I& :la+k makes t e &ollo#-u( mo.e, is stan*ar* + oi+es are t ose illustrate* in <ias." to %. T ey, an* t e &ormations t ey +reate, are +alle* s imari, or +orner en+losures. A s imari takes (ossession, at least &or t e time bein!, o& t e +orner territory, an* &orms a stable base &or &urt er *e.elo(ment, es(e+ially, in <ias." to %, &or an e/tension to t e le&t, alon! t e u((er si*e. Mu+ o& t e (lay in t e o(enin! is ty(i+ally s(ent +reatin! su+ bases o& o(erations. To (oint out t e *i&&eren+es amon! <ias." to %, t e s imari in <ia." is t e sa&est. T e s imari in <ia.3 makes a better #all &rom # i+ to e/ten* a+ross t e u((er si*e, but i& @ ite (lays a, t e *oor is t en o(en &or im to ste( into t e +orner. :la+k 1 in <ia.1 is in t e ri! t (osition to *e&en* a!ainst @ ite a, but as less in&luen+e o.er t e u((er si*e, # i+ illustrates t e basi+ *i&&eren+e bet#een (layin! on t e t ir* an* &ourt lines. T e s imari in <ia.% is a little lar!er t an t e ot er t#o, but a little looser, so t at i& @ ite as any stones +lose by, e may be able to in.a*e t e +orner.
12

@ y make a s imari at allG @ y not e/ten* &art er an* try &or a lar!er territoryG 6on!-*istan+e e/tensions, like :la+k 1 in <ia.), are (layable, but t ey lea.e t e +orner o(en to atta+k, an* sometimes turn out to be in t e #ron! (la+e a&ter t e +orner situation as been settle*. I& @ ite makes t e &ollo#-u( mo.e a&ter <ia.1, t en e s oul* a((roa+ :la+kCs stone at 1, a, b, or c in <ia.1. T ese (lays, # i+ are kno#n as kakari, are Dust as .aluable as t e s imari t ey (re.ent, but t ey are not as sim(le. Any o& t em is a + allen!e to t e o((onent to en!a!e in +loser +ombatB <ia.4 !i.es one e/am(le o& t e kin* o& &i! t t at may *e.elo(. :la+k strikes un*er @ iteCs kakari at ", an* en*s u( in &irm (ossession o& t e +orner, # ile @ ite !ets a base on t e si*e, makin! a &air e/+ an!e.

Dia.5

Dia.6

Dia.7

SeEuen+es like t e one in <ia.4 (lay an im(ortant (art in t e o(enin!s o& many !ames, an* t ousan*s o& t em a.e been #orke* out o.er t e eons o& !o (layin!. T ey are +alle* DosekiB t e 9 inese + ara+ters &or t is #or*, , mean somet in! like Cestablis e* stonesC. A t orou! kno#le*!e o& t em is neit er ne+essary nor su&&i+ient to !et t rou! t e o(enin!, an* #e *o not inten* to !et in.ol.e* in t em, but t e rea*er, i& e as a*.an+e* (ast about t e nine-kyu le.el, #oul* (ro&it &rom lookin! at a book on Doseki, bot to learn some !oo* mo.es an* to !et a &eelin! &or # at +onstitutes a &air e/+ an!e. Ot er#ise, e #ill a.e to +o(y &rom ot er (layersC !ames, or im(ro.ise on is o#n.
11

)3* The 3.3 Point

T e (ur(ose o& a (lay on t e 3>3 (oint is to *e&en* t e +orner territory, an* t is it *oes #it one mo.e, alt ou! at some e/(ense in t e #ay o& s+ale. T e bla+k stone in <ia.1 makes a small but &inis e* &ortress, an* t ere is not t e rus to (lay a s imari or kakari t at t ere is #it a stone on t e 3>% (oint. Instea*, @ ite +an bi*e is time, an* :la+k usually *e.elo(s, i& at all, #it a lon! e/tension, like 1 in <ia.".

Dia.1

Dia.2

Dia.3

A s imari, su+ as 1 or a in <ia.3, is a+tually still a !oo* mo.e, but it is not ur!ent. :la+k +an a&&or* to e/ten* #i*ely &irst, an* make a s imari later, i& e !ets t e + an+e, t e reason bein! t at @ ite *oes not a.e su+ !oo* kakari mo.es as e a* be&ore. T e ne/t t#o *ia!rams s o# t e basi+ #ays o& makin! a kakari a!ainst a stone on t e 3>3 (oint. @ ite +an (ress #it 1 in <ia.%, # i+ usually lea*s to t e Doseki s o#n. T is takes a*.anta!e o& t e lo# (osition o& :la+kCs ori!inal stone an* ol*s *o#n is territory, but it *oes not make mu+ territory &or @ ite.

1"

Dia.4

Dia.5

T is kakari is best sa.e* &or use as a tool o& *estru+tion a&ter :la+k as starte* to buil* u( a lar!e area aroun* is stone. I& @ ite #ants to try &or territory o& is o#n, e #ill make a kakari like 1 in <ia.) &rom t e a((ro(riate *ire+tion, but ere a!ain, +onsi*ere* in isolation, t e result seems !oo* &or :la+k. T ere&ore, a&ter a (lay on t e 3>3 (oint, bot (layers usually stay a#ay &rom t e +orner until *e.elo(ments else# ere make a kakari or s imari a((ro(riate.

)/* The /./ Point

T e %>% (oint is like t e 3>3 (oint, bot in its symmetry an* in t at it *e.elo(s more naturally #it a lon! e/tension t an #it a s imari. It is *i&&erent, o#e.er, be+ause # ile a stone on t e 3>3 (oint is biase* to#ar*s *e&ense o& t e +orner territory, a stone on t e % >% (oint is biase* in t e o((osite *ire+tion.

Dia.1

13

@ ite +an, in &a+t, in.a*e t e +orner *ire+tly, as s o#n in <ia.", an* easily rea+ a li.in! s a(e. T is in.asion is o&ten use* in t e mi**le or later (art o& t e o(enin! as a #ay o& (un+turin! a lar!e territory t at :la+k as be!un to buil* u( aroun* is stone. It *oes not (ro*u+e a lot o& territory &or @ ite, but it *oes snat+ t e +orner a#ay &rom :la+k. I& @ ite is buil*in! to#ar*s an area o& is o#n on, say, t e ri! t si*e, t en t e #ay &or im to atta+k t e +orner is #it t e kakari at 1 in <ia.3. 7O++asionally @ ite a, b, or c is (re&erable to @ ite 18. It is natural to re(ly to an atta+k &rom one *ire+tion by e/ten*in! in t e ot erB :la+k " is usually a !oo* mo.e. Ne/t, @ ite mi! t e/ten* *o#n t e ri! t si*e.

Dia.2

Dia.3

@ ite 1 in <ia.3 *oes not su&&er &rom any s(e+ial *ra#-ba+ks, but all t e same, it is not t e ur!ent (lay t at a kakari a!ainst a stone on t e 3>% (oint is. :e&ore +ommittin! imsel&, @ ite #oul* like to #ait until t e (osition on t e # ole boar* in*i+ates &rom # i+ si*e a kakari #oul* be best, or # et er a 3>3 (oint in.asion #oul* be better. Sin+e is o((onent *oes not a.e any .ery attra+ti.e s imari (lays, @ ite +an a&&or* to *o so. Ho# s oul* :la+k *e.elo( &rom is stone on t e %>% (ointG A s imari, su+ as :la+k 1 in <ia.%, is sometimes !oo*, but it *oes not se+ure t e +orner .ery #ell. I& @ ite as a stone &urt er *o#n t e ri! t si*e, e +an sli*e in to a, takin! a lar!e bite out o& t e +orner,

1%

Dia.4

Dia.5

an* e.en t e 3>3 (oint in.asion at b is (ossible. 9onsi*erin! t is, usually t e best #ay &or :la+k to *e.elo( is stone is #it a lon! e/tension, su+ as 1 in <ia.). @ ite o&ten rea+ts to :la+k 1 by makin! t e kakari s o#n in <ia.1, be&ore :la+k as a + an+e to e/ten* on t e ot er si*e as #ell. T e seEuen+e u( to 1, a sim(le Doseki, mi! t &ollo#, #it :la+k bein! allo#e* a mo*est amount o& territory on t e u((er si*e # ile @ ite makes a base on t e ri! t.

Dia.6

Dia.7

It is el(&ul to see # at a((ens # en @ ite ans#ers :la+k 1 by in.a*in! at t e 3>3 (oint, as s o#n in <ia.4. T e seEuen+e u( to :la+k 13 no# be+omes t e a((ro(riate Doseki, an* &rom @ iteCs (oint o& .ie#, <ia.1 is mu+ (re&erable to t is. :la+k as t e makin!s o& mu+ more territory on t e outsi*e t an @ ite is !ettin! in t e +ornerB :la+kCs (o#er&ul #all #ill el( to ba+k u( is o(erations all o.er t e boar*, # ile @ iteCs !rou( is s ut o&& an* useless. T e 3>3 (oint in.asion must be use* #it +are.

1)

Dia.1

Dia.2

)0* The 3.0 Point

T e stone in <ia.1, restin! on t e 3>) (oint, is (oise* &or o(erations on t e u((er si*e. In its asymmetri+al stan+e, it in.ites an early &ollo#-u( (lay >eit er a s imari by :la+k or a kakari by @ ite > as *i* a stone on t e 3>% (oint. T e s imari in <ia." is t e usual #ay &or :la+k to *e.elo(. His stone #ill, o#e.er, su((ort an e/tension in t e *ire+tion o& 1 in <ia.3 #it out t e makin! o& a s imari, an* :la+k sometimes + ooses t is #ay.

Dia.3

Dia.4

I& @ ite as a + an+e to *o so be&ore :la+k +loses t e +orner e #ill (lay a kakari at 1, a, or b in <ia.%. @e re&er you to a book on Doseki &or t e subseEuent *etails, but @ ite !enerally !ets t e +orner # ile :la+k buil*s imsel& u( on t e outsi*e.

11

Dia.1

Dia.2

)1* The /.0 Point

A stone on t e %>) (oint, like t e one in <ia.1, (lays a role &airly similar to one on t e 3>) (ointB it stresses t e u((er si*e, an* eit er a s imari or a kakari is a bi! &ollo#-u( (lay. T e s imari is s o#n in <ia.", an* t ree (ossible kakari are s o#n in <ias.3, %, an* ).

Dia.3

Dia.4

Dia.5

T e 3>3 (oint kakari at 1 in <ia.3 !i.es :la+k a + an+e to #all o&& t e ri! t si*e #it ", but t en @ ite +an a*.an+e alon! t e u((er si*e, startin! #it 3 at a, an* so @ ite 1 is use&ul # en @ ite #ants to (lay into t at (art o& t e boar*. T e 3>% (oint kakari at 1 in <ia.% *oes not !i.e @ ite t is + an+e to !o alon! t e u((er si*e, but it kee(s t e ri! t si*e o(en &or im. Finally, @ ite sometimes (lays 1 in <ia.), aban*onin! t e +orner &or t e ri! t si*e.

14

)2* E3a"p!e

No# letCs see t e &ore!oin! i*eas illustrate* in a ty(i+al o(enin!, taken &rom a (ro&essional !ame. In t e e/am(le #e a.e + osen, :la+k starte* by makin! an imme*iate s imari #it 1 an* 3, # ile @ ite mo.e* into t e a*Da+ent +orners #it " an* %. :la+k ) o++u(ie* t e last em(ty +orner. At t is (oint @ ite, #it is stones on t e %>% an* 3>3 (oints, a* no (ressin! s imari o& is o#n to make, so a kakari in t e lo#er le&t +orner took (re+e*en+e o.er all else. :la+k ans#ere* #it 4, a (in+er atta+k *esi!ne* to kee( @ ite &rom e/ten*in! u( t e le&t si*e. T e seEuen+e &rom 4 to 11 is a Doseki, one in # i+ @ ite se+ures is eye s(a+e by *i.in! into t e +orner, # ile :la+k e/ten*s out alon! t e lo#er si*e. In e.aluatin! t e result, you s oul* obser.e t at # ile :la+k 4 is still in @ iteCs #ay, it is a #eak stone, an* is not yet el(in! :la+k to &orm any territory. T ere bein! no ot er im(ortant kakari or s imari to (lay, @ ite no# ma*e an e/tension u( t e ri! t si*e, +omin! as +lose as e *are* to t e bla+k s imari in t e u((er ri! t +orner. T e area in &ront o& a s imari is Euite .aluable in t e o(enin!, an* so t is e/tension #as better t an an e/tension in any ot er *ire+tion &rom eit er @ ite " or @ ite % #oul* a.e been. Ne/t +ame :la+kCs kakari at 13, a lo!i+al #ay o& e/(an*in! t e bla+k area on t e lo#er si*e. A&ter @ iteCs o++u(ation o& t e ri! t si*e at 1", a bla+k kakari &rom t e *ire+tion o& a #oul* not a.e ser.e* as mu+ (ur(ose. I& :la+k a* &aile* to make t e 13>1% e/+ an!e an* Dust !one on to 1), @ ite +oul* a.e e/ten*e* to b, makin! a lar!es+ale *ouble-#in! &ormation aroun* t e lo#er ri! t +ornerB it is im(ortant to try to (re.ent t at kin* o& *e.elo(ment. :la+k 1) marke* t e en* o& t is sta!e o& t e o(enin!.

15

Example T is e/am(le *oes not re(resent a &i/e* (attern. Go as not been analyHe* to t e (oint # ere o(enin! lines +o.erin! t e # ole boar* a.e be+ome establis e*, an* it (robably ne.er #ill be. Pro&essionals an* amateurs alike, e.en t ou! t ey may kno# lots o& Doseki to be use* in a((ro(riate situations in in*i.i*ual +orners, are on t eir o#n &rom t e &irst mo.e o& t e !ame. T ere are, o#e.er, stan*ar* maneu.ers t at o++ur in all o(enin!s, re!ar*less o& t e arran!ement o& t e initial (lays an* re!ar*less o& t e (layersC (ersonal styles. T e remain*er o& t is + a(ter is *e.ote* to t em, startin! #it t e most im(ortant one, e/tension alon! t e si*e.

1$

)4* E3tendin5 A!on5 the Side

As t is is t e basi+ #ay bot o& &ormin! territory an* o& makin! eye s(a+e, it is t e sin!le most im(ortant maneu.er o& t e o(enin!. ?ou +annot buil* territory #it one stone, any more t an you +an buil* a &en+e #it only one &en+e-(ost. E/ten* &rom a stone, o#e.er, an* you a.e t#o (osts in t e !roun*B t en you are (re(are* to *e&en* t e area bet#een t em. In e/ten*in!, t ere are t#o matters to +onsi*er0 o# &ar to e/ten*, an* o# i! , 7t at is, at # at *istan+e &rom t e e*!e o& t e boar*8, to e/ten*. T e se+on* Euestion !enerally boils *o#n to a + oi+e bet#een t e t ir* an* &ourt lines. T e &irst is *e+i*e* on t e basis o& t e relati.e stren!t s o& # at is bein! e/ten*e* &rom an* # at is bein! e/ten*e* to#ar*, t e (rin+i(le bein! to (lay +lose to #eak (ositions an* stay a#ay &rom stron! ones.

Extending in Front of a Shimari

On+e a s imari as been ma*e, an e/tension a#ay &rom it, as in <ia.1, is a lar!e (lay. Here :la+k 1 on t e ri! t si*e is bein! ma*e in t e best *ire+tion, be+ause it is an e/tension &rom a t#o-stone #all. It #oul* be e.en more .aluable i& :la+k , #ere at a. An e/tension to t e le&t on t e u((er si*e #oul* be only an e/tension &rom ,, an* #oul* a.e less territorial (otential. @ at !ui*es :la+k (re+isely to 1G T is is a ar* Euestion, but as t e mi*(oint bet#een t e bla+k an* # ite (ositions, :la+k 1 s oul* seem natural. It also maintains a !oo* balan+e bet#een t e s imari an* t e (ossible bla+k kakari at 1. :la+k 1 at b #oul* be anot er !oo* i*ea ere, in+i*entally. It is Dust as .aluable to e/ten* to#ar* an o((onentCs s imari as it is to e/ten* a#ay &rom one o& your o#n, an* a++or*in!ly @ ite 1 in <ia." is Dust as bi! as :la+k 1 in <ia.1. @e a.e s o#n :la+k res(on*in! at ", as e may #ell *o sooner or later. E.en t ou! :la+k +annot e/ten* as &ar as e #oul* like, any e/tension in &ront o& a s imari is a bi! mo.e.

"2

Dia.1

Dia.2

Ho# se+ure are t e areas sket+ e* out by t e e/tensions in <ias.1 an* "G As t ey stan*, t ere is room &or any o& t em to be in.a*e*, so t ey are not se+ure at all, but i& an in.asion o++urs, t e in.a*er #ill &in* imsel& &i! tin! at a *isa*.anta!e. @ ile e su++ee*s in takin! a#ay territory in one (la+e, is o(erations #ill +ause im losses in ot er (la+es. For e/am(le, i& @ ite in.a*es at c in <ia.", :la+k +an, # ile atta+kin!, buil* u( a stron! (osition aroun* is stone "B ba+ke* u( by it, e +an t en return @ iteCs in.asion at d, *oin! as mu+ *ama!e as e as re+ei.e*, or more. T e (ossibility o& an in.asion be in* a lon! e/tension al#ays e/ists, but usually some (re(aratory #ork nee*s to be *one be&ore t e in.asion be+omes a (ro&itable .enture. In many +ases t e in.asion ne.er +omes. :y a**in! more stones to is o(en (osition at a((ro(riate times, t e (layer +an !ra*ually stren!t en it, eliminate t e (ossibility o& in.asion, an* se+ure t e territory e is aimin! to#ar*s.

"1

Dia.3

Dia.4

Dia.5

So &ar, #e a.e been s o#in! e/tensions on t e t ir* line, but e/tensions on t e &ourt line, su+ as @ ite 1 in <ia.3, are !oo*, too. T e *i&&eren+e bet#een an e/tension on t e &ourt line an* one on t e t ir* is t at t e &ormer as more e&&e+t !oin! to#ar* t e +enter, # ile t e latter takes a better !ri( on t e si*e territory. In <ia.3 t ere is a +ertain amount o& room bet#een @ ite 1 an* t e e*!e o& t e boar*, # i+ makes it easier &or :la+k to +arry out an in.asion o& @ iteCs (ros(e+ti.e territory. :ut t e &ourt line is t e limit. In <ia.% @ ite as straye* too &ar &rom t e e*!e o& t e boar*, lea.in! a !a(in! ole at a # ere :la+k +an +ome in. :la+k also as an easy entry at b. T is *oes not mean t at you s oul* not (lay abo.e t e &ourt line *urin! t e o(enin!. In <ia.), &or e/am(le, a&ter :la+k as alrea*y taken t e best (oint on t e e*!e at 1, @ ite " #oul* be one !oo* #ay o& restri+tin! :la+kCs (otential territory. :ut @ ite #oul* (re&er to a.e it t e ot er #ay aroun*, #it is stone on t e insi*e an* :la+kCs on t e outsi*e. For e/ten*in! alon! t e si*e o& t e boar*, t e t ir* an* &ourt lines are t e most *esirable.

""

Making a Base
In <ia.1 @ ite is (layin! in or*er to !i.e imsel& eye s(a+e, an* t e t#o (oint e/tension to 1 on t e t ir* line is best. :e+ause is t#o stones are as +lose to t e e*!e as t ey are, t ere is no #ay to break t e +onne+tion bet#een t em. In <ia.4, &or e/am(le, :la+kCs e&&orts only result in a stren!t enin! o& @ iteCs (osition. I& @ ite e/ten*e* any &urt er, as in <ia.5, t en :la+k #oul* a.e room to in.a*e at ". Various (ossibilities e/ist a&ter :la+k ", but e.en #it out !oin! into t em, it is easy to see t at @ ite is in a *an!erous (osition, an* is !oin! to a.e to a++e(t some kin* o& loss. He #as not stron! enou! in t is area to make a t ree-(oint e/tension.

Dia.6

Dia.7

Dia.8

"3

A Narrow Extension
As t e (re.ious e/am(le s oul* su!!est, # en t ere is enou! s(a+e &or it, t e basi+ minimal e/tension alon! t e t ir* line is a t#o(oint one. In <ia.$, o#e.er, t ere is not enou! room, an* @ ite as to ol* imsel& to a one-(oint e/tension. @ ite 1 is too narro# to be #ort as mu+ as t e ot er e/tensions #e a.e been lookin! at, but it is still a &airly bi! (lay, late in t e o(enin!, &or it stren!t ens @ iteCs +orner # ile t reatenin! an in.asion at a. :la+k s oul* !enerally *e&en* at ", lest t e in.asion be +arrie* out. @ ite s oul* not e/ten* ri! t u( a!ainst :la+kCs stone. I& e (lays 1 in <ia.12, a !ree*y attem(t to !ain more (ro&it t an is (ossible, :la+k #ill re(ly at " an* +onne+t at %, be+omin! mu+ stron!er t an e #as in <ia.$. @ ite 1 as !otten burie* by t e surroun*in! (lays in t is seEuen+e, an* is not *oin! as mu+ #ork as eit er :la+k " or :la+k %.

Dia.9

Dia.10

"%

Extending from a Two-Stone Wall

T e basi+ minimal e/tension &rom a t#o-stone #all is a t ree-(oint one, as s o#n in <ia.11. :la+k ol*s imsel& to t e minimum in <ia.11 be+ause @ ite as t#o stron! (ositions on t is si*e o& t e boar*, an* +oul* easily in.a*e i& :la+k e/ten*e* any &art er t an 1. Noti+e, too, t at :la+k is lea.in! room &or a se+on* !oo* e/tension to a. @ at i& @ ite in.a*es t e t ree-(oint e/tension, #it 1 in <ia.1"G :la+k s oul* ans#er at ", an* alt ou! t is &i! t +an !et +om(li+ate*, @ ite is at a *isa*.anta!e an* *eser.es to +ome out o& it #it a ba* result. His in.asion #as (remature. He s oul* &irst a((roa+ :la+kCs &ormation at a, i& e !ets t e + an+e, an* t en e +an strike e&&e+ti.ely at 1. I& :la+k ma*e only a t#o-(oint e/tension, as in <ia.13, @ ite +oul* +ro#* im &rom t e outsi*e at ". In <ia.13 t e :la+k stones en+lose too narro# a territory to be e&&i+ient, an* in &a+t *o not really a.e enou! s(a+e to be sure o& t#o eyes.

Dia.11

Dia.12

Dia.13

")

T e basi+ e/tension &rom a t ree-stone #all is a &our-(oint one, an* &rom a &our-stone #all, a &i.e-(oint one, (ro.i*e* t ere is enou! room to make it. T ere is, &urt ermore, no t eoreti+al u((er limit to an e/tension &rom any (osition, e/+e(t &or t e limits im(ose* by t e siHe o& t e boar*. T e ne/t *ia!ram #ill &urnis us #it se.eral (ra+ti+al e/am(les o& e/tensions, bot lon! an* s ort.

Dia.14 T e !ame in <ia.1%, taken &rom one o& t e 'a(anese (ro&essional tournaments, as Dust entere* t e (ost-s imari ( ase. :la+k be!ins #it a +onser.ati.e t#o-(oint e/tension *o#n t e le&t si*e to 1, to make a base &or is stone in t e u((er le&t +orner. @ ite takes a*.anta!e o& :la+kCs +onser.atism by e/+ an!in! " &or 3, &or+in! :la+k into an o.er+ro#*e* s a(e, as e/(laine* on t e (re.ious (a!e. @ ite % kee(s :la+k &rom makin! # at #oul* be a (o#er&ul (lay at a. ?ou may #on*er # y @ ite *oes not e/ten* one line &art er to t e ri! t, but it is better &or im to make a stron! e/tension, +o.erin! is #eak (oint, an* &ollo# #it a lon!er one later.

"1

:la+k no# as sente, an* e/ten*s to#ar* @ iteCs s imari #it ) on t e lo#er si*e, lea.in! room &or t e &ollo#in! e/tension to 4. @ ite like#ise rea+ es to#ar*s :la+kCs s imari #it 1, naturally + oosin! t e sa&e t#o-(oint e/tension. @it 5 an* 12, o#e.er, @ ite o(ens u( an* e/ten*s t e limit, sin+e e is ba+ke* u( by alrea*y stable (ositions on bot t e ri! t an* u((er si*es, an* is a((roa+ in! a relati.ely #eak bla+k one in t e u((er ri! t +orner. @ ite 5 is bot an e/tension an* a kakari. Take note o& t e (riorities &ollo#e* in t is !ame0 &irst an e/tension to make a base &or an isolate* stone, ne/t e/tensions in &ront o& s imari, an* t en ot er e/tensions. :ot :la+kCs an* @ iteCs mo.es illustrate soun* !o strate!y. No# #e a.e a (roblem &or you to sol.e0 :la+k, in t e *ia!ram belo#, as Dust in.a*e* t e lo#er si*e #it t e kakari at 1, an* @ ite as ma*e t e Doseki res(onse at ". :la+kCs ne/t mo.e is u( to youB make your + oi+e, an* t en turn t e (a!e.

Problem

"4

Answer to roblem

Dia.1

T e ans#er is a t#o-(oint e/tension on t e t ir* line, as s o#n in t e *ia!ram abo.e. Not in! is so im(ortant as to make a sa&e base &or t e bla+k stone in t e lo#er le&t +orner, an* :la+k 1 is t e only !oo* mo.e &or t e Dob. @ en #e say Csa&e baseC, #e *o not mean t at t ese t#o stones are (roo& a!ainst any kin* o& assault t at may +ome in t e &uture, but &or t e (resent, :la+k is #ell enou! *u! in. @ ite as is eye on a +ounter-e/tension to a, (re+e*e*, as a matter o& !oo* te+ niEue, by t e e/+ an!e o& @ ite b &or :la+k c, but @ ite a is too narro# to be #ort makin! no#. E.en t ou! it is a kin* o& atta+k, :la+k #oul* be able to i!nore it. :la+k 1 in <ia.1 is too small an e/tension. :y ol*in! imsel& ba+k unne+essarily in t is #ay, :la+k is only in.itin! @ ite ", # i+ +an be ma*e eit er no# or in t e near &uture, an* # i+ lea.es :la+k #it insu&&i+ient eye s(a+e.

Dia.2

Dia.3

:la+k 1 in <ia.", o#e.er, !oes one line too &ar to be sa&e. @ ite +an *o Euite a bit o& *ama!e by in.a*in! ri! t

"5

a#ay #it ", an* e.en i& e (lays else# ere, t e (ossibility o& is (layin! @ ite " later is a terrible im(er&e+tion in :la+kCs s a(e. I& :la+k (lays on t e &ourt line, as in <ia.3, (er a(s un*er t e mistaken belie& t at e s oul* try to aim into t e o(en bay +reate* by t e # ite #all in t e lo#er ri! t, @ ite #ill not take imme*iate a*.anta!e o& is error, but Dust e/ten* u( t e le&t si*e. :la+kCs (osition is a bit unstea*y0 @ ite a #oul* t reaten it>t is #ill el( @ ite to make territory on t e le&t>an* t ere is t e #eak (oint at b # i+ @ ite +an use by (layin! c. No# anot er (roblem0 a&ter :la+kCs +orre+t (lay, 7 , in t e *ia!ram belo#8, @ ite s oul* make an e/tension on t e le&t si*e. As a test o& your !o Du*!ement, + oose a (oint on t e t ir* line &or im, t en look at t e e/(lanation on t e ne/t t#o (a!es.

Problem

"$

Answer to roblem 2

Dia.1

Dia.2

@ ite 1 in t e *ia!ram on t e le&t abo.e is t e best ans#er. T is is a bit ar* to (ro.e>!oo* an* ba* are not as +learly *e&ine* as t ey #ere in t e (roblem be&ore>but noti+e t at @ ite is lea.in! room &or a se+on* e/tension to a. He is sa&e in rea+ in! out as &ar as 1 be+ause e as t at se+on* (ossible e/tension in &ront o& im, an* be+ause t e t#o stones e as in t e rear are in no imminent *an!er o& bein! atta+ke*. @ ite 1 in <ia.1 is almost as !oo*B i& t is #as your + oi+e, you +an still be satis&ie* #it your &eelin! &or t e len!t o& an e/tension. T e only sli! t +om(laint t at +an be ma*e a!ainst it is t at it lea.es :la+k a bit more room t an is really ne+essary. :la+k #ill (lay " #it out *elay. :ut &rom t is (oint on, t e &art er ba+k @ ite (ulls is e/tension, t e #orse it !ets. A!ainst @ ite 1 in <ia.", :la+k #ill be e/tremely a((y to be able to make a &our-s(a+e +ounter-e/tension #it ". In !o, t e meek *o not in erit t e eart .

32

:la+k " in <ia.3 s o#s # at +an a((en to @ ite i& e !oes too &arB e.en one line beyon* t e +orre+t *istan+e is a serious error. @ ite as only room &or a one-s(a+e e/tension to 3 # ile :la+k +an make a (ro(er t#o-s(a+e e/tension to %, an* it is easy to see # o is +omin! out a ea* on t is e/+ an!e. A more interestin! #ay &or @ ite to (lay, a&ter :la+k " as e/(ose* is mistake, is to atta+k #it 3 in <ia.%, +ausin! :la+k an* @ ite to s oot out #it t e (lays &rom % to 12, but t is still !i.es im a ba* result. :la+kCs s(ear ea* in t e +enter !reatly re*u+es t e use&ulness o& t e # ite #all in t e lo#er ri! t +orner, but @ ite 1 to $ &ail to a.e any .ery stron! e&&e+t on t e bla+k s imari in t e u((er le&t +orner. T is seEuen+e +oul* also +ome about, by t e #ay, i& @ ite (laye* 1 at 3 an* :la+k +ounter-e/ten*e* to ".

Dia.3

Dia.4

31

)6* Pincer Attac7s

A (in+er atta+k is a (lay t at atta+ks an enemy stone by takin! a#ay its room &or e/tension alon! t e si*e. T e &un+tion o& a (in+er atta+k is to kee( t e o((onent bot &rom !ettin! territory an* &rom &ormin! a basis &or eye s a(e. T is kin* o& (lay is at its best # en it #orks #it ot er &rien*ly stones to buil* territory # ile atta+kin!.

Dia.1

Dia.2

@ ite 1 in <ia.1 is an i*eal (in+er (lay, sin+e it also a((ens to be an e/tension &rom t e en+losure in t e lo#er ri! t +orner. :la+k no# as neit er territory nor room &or eyes at t e e*!e o& t e boar*, so i& e is !oin! to (ut is belea!uere* stone in motion, t ere is no (la+e &or im to e/ten* e/+e(t u( into t e +enter, # ere e &a+es a *oubt&ul &uture. :la+k #oul* ea.e a si! o& relie& i& e +oul* e/ten* to 1 in <ia.", makin! is (osition sa&e, at least &or t e time bein!, an* takin! o.er t e territory at t e e*!e t at @ ite !ot in <ia.1. T e *i&&eren+e bet#een t ese t#o *ia!rams is enormous. Pin+er atta+ks are +ommon startin! (oints &or Doseki, es(e+ially in ans#er to a kakari a!ainst a stone on t e 3>% (oint. :la+k 1 in <ia.3 is ty(i+al. On+e a!ain t e basi+

Dia.3 Dia.4 i*ea is t at @ ite *oes not a.e enou! room to &orm t#o eyes at t e e*!e o& t e boar*, so e must run u(#ar*s into t e +enter. His o(e is
3"

t at e #ill be able to make a +ounteratta+k a!ainst one or t e ot er o& t e bla+k stones emmin! im in. :la+k a an* 1, instea* o& 1, are t#o more (ossible (in+er atta+ks in t is (osition. E.en :la+k + mi! t be +alle* a (in+er atta+k, alt ou! it is not mu+ o& one, sin+e it lea.es @ ite room to make a t#o-(oint e/tension to a. Pin+er atta+ks +an be ma*e on t e &ourt line, too, as at 1, a or I in <ia.%. A (in+er atta+k on t e &ourt line !i.es t e o((onent some room to mo.e aroun* in at t e e*!e o& t e boar*, # ile a (in+er atta+k on t e t ir* line is subDe+t to (ressure &rom abo.e. To make t is i*ea more +on+rete, an* to illustrate some o& t e #ays o& *ealin! #it a (in+er (lay, ere are t#o o& t e Doseki t at <ias.3 an* % +an lea* to.

Dia.5

Dia.6

In <ia.), # ere :la+k , is on t e &ourt line, @ ite Dum(s out to 1, t en makes a +ounter-(in+er (lay at 3. @ en :la+k Dum(s out to %, @ ite +an +onne+t un*erneat by (layin! ), rea+ in! a stable (osition. T is is a (ossible sto((in! (la+e &or t e Doseki. In <ia.1, # ere :la+k , is on t e t ir* line, @ ite a!ain (lays 1, but no# a&ter :la+k " e strikes &rom abo.e #it 3, an* :la+k runs alon! t e e*!e o& t e boar* # ile @ ite s(rea*s out in t e +enter. @ ite +omes out o& t is Doseki #it no *e&inite territory, but :la+k *oes not a.e so mu+ imsel&, an* bot o& is (ositions are still .ulnerable to atta+k.

33

Dia.7 ^ elsew!ere

Dia.8

Dia.9 ^ elsew!ere

In <ia.4, :la+k usually ans#ers @ iteCs kakari by e/ten*in! to a, but t ere are times # en, &or one reason or anot er, e *oes not *e&en*. @ ite +an t en mo.e in &rom t e ot er si*e by (layin! 3. Alt ou! t is (in+er atta+k *oes not kee( :la+k &rom makin! t#o eyes in t e +orner, i& e (lays 1 in <ia.5, # i+ !i.es im a li.in! s a(e, @ ite #ill barri+a*e im in #it ". T is e/+ an!e o& a small +orner territory &or an outsi*e #all is !enerally in @ iteCs &a.or, sin+e is stones a.e (otential &or *e.elo(ment, # ile :la+kCs a.e (ra+ti+ally none. :la+k usually (lays 1 at ", a, or b an* &i! ts is #ay out, e.en t ou! t e resultin! Doseki a.e a #ay o& a#ar*in! @ ite t e +orner. <ia.$ s o#s a similar e/am(le in # i+ :la+kCs stone is on t e 3> % (oint. A&ter :la+k 5, @ ite +an be e/(e+te* to e/ten* out &rom un*er :la+kCs o.er an!in! #all on t e lo#er si*e, an* :la+k #ill, (er a(s, aim to atta+k @ ite 3, ), an* 4 #it a (in+er (lay &rom &art er u( t e le&t si*e. E/tensions are t e basi+ buil*in! blo+ks o& t e o(enin!, (in+er atta+ks are t e basi+ o&&ensi.e #ea(ons, an* mo.es # i+ are bot e/tensions an* (in+er atta+ks are t e i*eal. T is is a &un*amental strate!i+ (rin+i(le. A +lear a#areness o& it is #ort &ar more t an any *etaile* kno#le*!e o& Doseki, or o& t e ot er te+ niEues (resente* in t is book.

3%

)1$* In,asions

@ ite 1 in <ia.1 lan*s sEuarely bet#een t#o bla+k (ositions, an* is t ere&ore an in.asion. Eit er a bla+k or a # ite (lay at 1 is e/tremely lar!e. I& :la+k (laye* 1 &irst, e/ten*in! &rom t#o +orners simultaneously, @ ite #oul* a.e no easy #ay to establis imsel& on t e le&t si*e, # i+ +oul* &all entirely to is o((onent. In <ia.1, o#e.er, @ ite as a sa&e &oot ol* &rom # i+ e +annot be *islo*!e*. I& :la+k t reatens @ ite &rom belo# #it 1 in <ia.", @ ite as room to e/ten* u(#ar* to ". I& :la+k a((roa+ es &rom abo.e, as in <ia.3, @ ite as room to e/ten* *o#n#ar*s. T is makes @ ite 1 in <ia.1 an Irre(roa+ able mo.e.

Dia.1

Dia.2

Dia.3

<ia.", in+i*entally, is better &or :la+k t an <ia.3. In <ia.", :la+k 1 is a !oo* e/tension &rom t e lo#er le&t +orner, an* :la+k +an still make !oo* use o& is stone in t e u((er le&t +orner, by (layin! 3 at a, &or instan+e. In <ia.3, o#e.er, @ ite as (it+ e* is +am( on t e &ertile !roun* in &ront o& t e s imari, an* t ere is not in! :la+k
3)

+an *o about it. :la+kCs (osition in t e u((er le&t +orner is still o(en to in.asion at a an* b, an* it #ill be ar* &or im to rea+ a satis&a+tory arran!ement o& is stones.

Dia.4

Dia.5

@ en a *ouble-#in! &ormation, a .ery *esirable stru+ture, as been ma*e aroun* a stone on t e %>% (oint, as in <ia.%, it is al#ays easy to in.a*e at t e 3>3 (oint. Sometimes t is is a !oo* i*ea an* sometimes it is notB # en @ ite is able to atta+k one o& :la+kCs t#o out(osts on t e si*es, an* in .arious ot er +ir+umstan+es, e may *o better to make a kakari &rom t e a((ro(riate *ire+tion an* &i! t on t e outsi*e. @ ite 1 at t e 3>3 (oint *oes a.e t e .irtue, o#e.er, t at in all o& t e Doseki .ariations &ollo#in! it, @ ite Eui+kly makes a stable, li.in! s a(e. I& @ ite *oes not in.a*e t is &ormation some# ere, :la+k +an &orti&y t e +orner by (layin! a, an* t en @ iteCs Dob #ill be mu+ ar*er. <ia.) s o#s t e +ounter(art o& t is &ormation in # i+ :la+kCs +orner stone is on t e 3>3 (oint. T is time t ere s oul* be no esitation about (layin! @ ite 1, an im(ortant s imari-(re.entin! mo.e. :la+k #ill !et some territory aroun* t e e*!es # ile @ ite li.es in t e +enter.

31

<ia.1 intro*u+es anot er kin* o& situation in # i+ an in.asion is (ra+ti+al. T is time @ ite *oes not a.e enou! s(a+e at t e si*e to be sure o& an easy li&e &or imsel&, but e is makin! a (in+er atta+k as #ell as in.a*in!, an* :la+k , as e.en less elbo# room t an @ ite 1. T is #ill make it ar* &or :la+k to o.er(o#er @ ite 1B i& e tries, @ ite as am(le means o& &i! tin! ba+k. T e relati.e stren!t o& @ ite 1 an* :la+k , is t e key to t is e/am(le, an* i& :la+k , #ere not so inse+ure, @ ite 1 #oul* not be su+ a !oo* mo.e. On t e ot er an*, i& t e bla+k stones in t e lo#er le&t +orner #ere #eaker, t en @ ite 1 #oul* be e.en better.

Dia.6 @ ile #e are lookin! at t is (osition, note t e (la+ement o& @ ite 1. @ ite a, on t e t ir* line, #oul* also be +orre+t, but @ ite s oul* (lay neit er &art er u( nor &art er *o#n t e si*e t an eit er o& t ese t#o (oints.

34

Dia.7 I& e in.a*es at 1 in <ia.4, in or*er to make more o& an atta+k on :la+k ,, :la+k #ill Dust e/ten* to ", a !oo* e/am(le o& li! t (lay, an* is (ro&it #ill be !reater t an @ iteCs. I& an in.asion is ma*e into an area t at *oes not &urnis enou! room &or easy eye &ormation, an* t e in.asion *oes not a+t as a (in+er atta+k, t en t e in.a*er is !oin! to be in &or a ar* time o& it. E.en i& is in.a*in! &or+e mana!es to sur.i.e, its stru!!les to li.e are as likely to *o *ama!e to is o#n (ositions in ot er (arts o& t e boar* as to is o((onentCs territory. Su+ in.asions are +ontrary to !o sense in t e o(enin!, an* alt ou! t ey are o++asionally ne+essary, t ey are usually #ron!.

35

)11* E3tendin5 into the Center

:ot (in+er atta+ks an* in.asions ten* to &or+e t e (lay u(#ar*s, an* &or t is an* ot er reasons, e/tensions into t e +enter turn out to be Dust about as +ommon *urin! t e o(enin! as e/tensions alon! t e si*e. T ey o&ten a.e im(ortant o&&ensi.e an* *e&ensi.e im(li+ations, an* sometimes t ey ser.e to buil* territory *ire+tly. It is not sa&e to e/ten* as &ar in t e +enter as it #as near t e si*e o& t e boar*. T e basi+ tools no# are t e one-(oint Dum(, t e *ia!onal (lay, an* t e keima, # i+ #e s all take u( in t at or*er.

The ne-!oint "ump

<ia.1 s o#s a y(ot eti+al o(enin! situation. A&ter :la+k as taken t e i*eal (oint bet#een t e t#o s imari an* @ ite as ma*e is +ounter-e/tension at ", t e ne/t or*er o& business on t is si*e o& t e boar* is &or :la+k to make a one-(oint Dum( to 3. @ ite &ollo#s suit #it %. I& :la+k *i* not (lay 3, @ ite #oul* &in* it rat er easy to eliminate :la+kCs (ros(e+ti.e territory on t e si*e by in.a*in! at a, but a&ter 3, it is ar* &or im to *o more t an re*u+e :la+kCs territory by (layin! 1, 7# i+ :la+k +an ans#er at a8.

Dia.1

3$

I& @ ite *oes not (lay % in <ia.1, t en :la+k +an make anot er one(oint Dum(, as s o#n in <ia.", &or+in! @ ite into a lo# (osition an* e/ten*in! is in&luen+e to#ar* t e le&t si*e. @ ite s oul* (atiently #it *ra# to " an* #ait &or a + an+e to (oke into :la+kCs #eak (oint at a.

Dia.2 @ at about :la+kCs makin! a "-(oint Dum(, as in <ia.3G T e trouble #it t is mo.e is t at it is too easy &or @ ite to break t e +onne+tion bet#een 1 an* 3, so t at :la+k is likely to be &or+e* to stren!t en is e/tension #it a t ir* stone, somet in! e +annot *o .ery e&&i+iently. I& @ ite (lays a, &or e/am(le, :la+k #ill be ar* (ut bot to *e&en* is si*e territory an* to kee( :la+k 3 &rom bein! +ut o&&.

Dia.3 From a t#o-stone #all, o#e.er, it is usually (ossible to !et a#ay #it a t#o-(oint Dum( into t e +enter>#e see :la+k enlar!in! is territory #it su+ a mo.e in <ia.%> an* &rom a t ree-stone #all a t ree-(oint Dum( may be sa&e.

%2

Dia.4

Dia.5

T ere are some +ommon (in+er Doseki in # i+ a t#o-(oint Dum( into t e +enter &rom a sin!le stone is ma*e. In <ia.), to take one o& t em, @ ite " is a (o(ular ans#er to :la+k 1, alt ou! t e one-(oint Dum(, 7@ ite " at 38, is also (layable. It is not t at @ ite " +annot be +ut o&&>:la+k 3, ), an* 4 s o# t at it +an be>but i& :la+k (lays t e +uttin! .ariation, @ ite mana!es to buil* u( a (o#er&ul atta+k on :la+k 1 in return. :ut t e stan*ar* res(onse, i& t ere is su+ a t in!, to a (in+er atta+k is a one-(oint, not a t#o-(oint Dum(. T#o e/am(les o& t is a.e been s o#n alrea*y, on (a!e 33. <ia.1 s o#s a t ir*, in # i+ :la+k res(on*s to @ ite 1 by Dum(in! out #it ". He is t reatenin! t e # ite !rou( to t e le&t as #ell as runnin! &or is li&e, an* @ ite as to *e&en* at 3, (ro**in! :la+k into anot er lea( &or#ar* to %.

Dia.6

%1

The #iagonal !la$

@ ite " in <ia.1 is a *ia!onal (lay. It is slo#er t an t e one-(oint Dum(, but stron!er, an* in t e (arti+ular s a(e illustrate* in <ia.1 it is a stan*ar* i*ea. :esi*es Dust runnin! out into t e +enter, @ ite is aimin! to atta+k at a or b, an* is kee(in! :la+k &rom +onne+tin! is t#o stones. I& @ ite (laye* a one-(oint Dum(, as in <ia.", :la+k #oul* (lay at 3, an* t ere #oul* be no #ay &or @ ite to *is+onne+t :la+kCs (osition, a &a+t # i+ you s oul* be able to (ro.e &or yoursel&. I& :la+k trie* to make t is +onne+tion a&ter <ia.1, o#e.er, e #oul* &ail, as s o#n in <ia.3. @ ite sa+ri&i+es a stone at " in or*er to *ri.e *o#n #it % an* 1, t en +ontinues as in <ia.%, an* :la+kCs +ru*e ta+ti+s a.e !i.en @ ite a su(erior result. T is same s a(e a((ears in a *i&&erent (osition in <ia.), # ere :la+k as Dust in.a*e* at 1. @ ite " +uts im o&& an* mo.es out to#ar* t e +enter, in anti+i(ation o& a runnin! &i! t.

Dia.1

Dia.2

Dia.3

Dia.4

Dia.5

%"

Dia.6

Dia.7

Dia.8

<ia.1 s o#s t e *ia!onal (lay at #ork a!ain, t is time makin! a *etermine* atta+k on @ ite .. @ ite +an !et a#ay, as s o#n in <ia.4, but :la+k (ressures im in sente u( to 5, t en (lays 12 make some eye s a(e &or is o#n !rou(. In t is kin* o& (osition it is al#ays a *i&&i+ult Euestion # et er t e *ia!onal (lay or t e one-(oint Dum( is better, an* in &a+t :la+k +oul* also (lay " in <ia.5. T is (ermits @ ite a some# at easier es+a(e t an be&ore, but is not ne+essarily #ron!. T ere is also t e (ossibility t at @ ite #ill &as ion some kin* o& +onne+tion un*erneat at a. 7@e lea.e t e *etails &or you to #ork out8. :la+k +an (re.ent t at by e/+ an!in! 1 &or +, but e is relu+tant to *o so, sin+e t at stren!t ens @ iteCs line an* *e(ri.es :la+k o& mo.es like d an* e.

%3

The %eima
@ ite 1 in <ia.1 is a keima. T is #or* #as borro#e* &rom t e 'a(anese !ame o& s o!i, # ere it is t e name &or t e (ie+e analo!ous to a kni! t in + ess, an* in some En!lis !o #ritin!s @ ite 1 is +alle* a kni! tCs mo.e. T e i*ea be in* @ iteCs keima at 1 is to nu*!e :la+k to#ar* t e e*!e o& t e boar*, t at is, to a.e im (lay at a on t e se+on* line. @ ite 1 is better t an t e one-(oint Dum( to b, # i+ #oul* let :la+k e/ten* on t e t ir* line un in*ere*. In t is Doseki, :la+k usually (lays " at c. T e keima is a mo.e # i+ must be ma*e #it +are, sin+e it +an o&ten be +ut. :la+k 1 an* 3 s o# t e basi+ +uttin! maneu.er. Here t ey are not usually .ery e&&e+ti.e>e.en i& @ ite +annot +a(ture :la+k 1 in a la**er at a, e seems to a.e t e u((er an* # en e (lays %>but t is s o#s you # at to #at+ out &or.

Dia.1

Dia.2

One +ommon use &or t e keima is to a*.an+e &rom t e t ir* line to t e &ourt in ans#er to a +a((in! (lay. In <ia.3, &or instan+e, :la+k 1 aims to#ar* a lar!e territory in t e lo#er le&t Euarter o& t e boar*. @ ite as to !et into t is area, an* is keima at " is t e ri! t mo.e &or t e Dob. 7I& @ ite #ere not so +on+erne* #it mo.in! u(#ar*s, t en a one-(oint e/tension to a on t e t ir* line #oul* be a stron!er (lay8.

%%

Dia.3 Sin+e t is keima is so +lose to t e e*!e o& t e boar*, it +an not be +ut t rou! as t e (re.ious one #as, but all t e same, t ere is a so&t s(ot bet#een t e t#o # ite stones t at :la+k +an e/(loit, as s o#n in t e ne/t *ia!ram. :la+k sa+ri&i+es a stone at 1, +uts at 3, (lays atari #it ) an* 4, an* t ro#s t e lo#er si*e into +on&usion by brin!in! about a ko &i! t. @ ite s oul* not try to e.a*e t e ko by (layin! 1 at 4, sin+e t at #oul* lea.e :la+k #it a !oo* atta+kin! mo.e at a. @ ate.er t e out+ome o& t e &i! t, it illustrates t e &a+t t at t e keima is al#ays a mo.e #it a #eakness.

Dia.4
%)

Dia.5 Some more ty(i+al keima mo.es +an be seen in <ia.). T is !ame starte* #it an in.ol.e* Doseki in t e lo#er ri! t +orner t at le&t :la+k an* @ ite #it one #eak !rou( a(ie+e in t e +enter. @ en @ ite +onne+te* at 1, :la+k (laye* keima at ". E.en t ou! t ere #as some *an!er o& an in.asion bet#een " an* :la+k ,, it #as better &or :la+k to kee( on t e eels o& @ iteCs #eak !rou( by (layin! " on t e &ourt line t an to make t e sa&e, but &lat e/tension at a. No# @ ite (laye* 3 to !i.e is !rou( some breat in! s(a+e, somet in! t at e a* to *o be&ore e +oul* t ink about in.a*in! t e lo#er si*e or atta+kin! in any ot er (art o& t e boar*. T is keima, bein! ba+ke* u( by @ ite 1 as #ell as @ ite ., +oul* not be +ut. Sin+e it out&lanke* :la+kCs #eak +enter !rou(, :la+k a* to make an e/tension o& is o#n, an* + ose %. T is kin* o& e/tension into t e +enter sometimes +omes ar* to ine/(erien+e* (layers, &or it *oes not seem to a.e anyt in! to *o #it territory, so #e #ant to be sure t at t e rea*er un*erstan*s t e reasons &or it.

%1

Firstly, it took t e (ressure o&& :la+kCs +enter !rou(. Ot er e/tensions, +loser to t e ri! t si*e, #oul* a.e *one so too, but :la+k % a* t e .irtue, se+on*ly, o& (uttin! some (ressure ba+k on @ iteCs +enter !rou(>not .ery mu+ , (er a(s, but enou! to kee( @ ite &rom riskin! an imme*iate in.asion o& t e lo#er si*e. @ ite t ere&ore (laye* ), an* t e t ir* (ur(ose o& :la+k % be+ame mani&est, namely, t at it enable* :la+k to (lay 1, blo+kin! @ ite on t e ri! t si*e an* obtainin! tan!ible (ro&it t ere.

12* Pushin5 and Cra8!in5

<ia.1 belo# !i.es us an e/am(le o& anot er o& t e stan*ar* maneu.ers o& t e o(enin!. :la+k as (laye* keima at 1 an* is (us in! @ ite alon! t e si*e o& t e boar*, &urt er isolatin! @ ite . an* buil*in! to#ar* a lar!e e/terior territory. @ ite, by +ra#lin! alon! t e t ir* line, is !ainin! se+ure territory at t e e*!e. <ia." s o#s an i*ealiHe* .ersion o& t is situation. 9onsi*ere* by t emsel.es, @ iteCs t ir* line territory an* :la+kCs outsi*e #all are about eEual in .alue, alt ou! in a+tual (lay t is (osition #oul* (robably be &a.orable to one si*e or t e ot er,

Dia.1

Dia.2

*e(en*in! on t e e/tent to # i+ :la+k +oul* make use o& is #all &or buil*in! territory or atta+kin!.
%4

T is i*ealiHe* .ersion #oul* not be likely to o++ur, o#e.er, in a+tual (lay, &or in a (us in! an* +ra#lin! battle, one si*e is al#ays a ste( a ea* o& t e ot er, an* t e +om(etition to stan* in t at (ri.ile!e* (osition +auses breaks an* ben*s to a((ear in t e soli* lines. T e man be in* in a +ra#lin! battle #ill al#ays try to Dum( out an* !et a ea*. For e/am(le, in <ia.1 @ ite #as t e man be in*, an* is ne/t mo.e, i& e is !oin! to kee( !oin! alon! t e le&t si*e, s oul* be @ ite 1 in <ia.3, Dum(in! one line a ea* o& :la+k. I& :la+k ans#ers 1, :la+k a, b, or + #oul* be +orre+t. I& :la+k *oes not ans#er, t en @ ite +an start (us in! to t e ri! t, as in <ia.%, e/ten*in! is s#ay in ne# *ire+tions # ile &or+in! :la+k into a +onstri+te* s a(e. I&, on t e ot er an*, @ ite *oes not (lay 1 in <ia.3, t en :la+k 1 in <ia.) sto(s im &or !oo*, an* (uts :la+k in a (osition to make territory in all *ire+tions. T e .alue o& t e mo.es in t ese t ree *ia!rams *e(en*s u(on # at lies out o& .ie# in t e surroun*in! areas, but !enerally s(eakin!, t ey are all Euite bi!.

Dia.3

Dia.4

Dia.5

%5

Dia.6

Dia.7

Dia.8 h connects

T e man a ea* in a (us in! an* +ra#lin! battle #ill try to (ress is a*.anta!e as soon as (ossible by (layin! a mo.e kno#n as a ane, 7(ronoun+e* a-ne 8, in &ront o& is o((onentCs stones. In t e Doseki in <ia.1, &or e/am(le, :la+k loses no time in (layin! ane at %, &or+in! @ ite *o#n to t e se+on* line. Noti+e, o#e.er, t at e (lays strai! t out at 5 instea* o& tryin! a se+on* ane at a, sin+e :la+k a #oul* lea.e too many +uttin! (oints &or @ ite to + o( into. @ ite, &or is (art, *oes not #ant to +ra#l alon! t e se+on* line any &art er t an ne+essary, so instea* o& +ontinuin! #it a, e (lays $ an* 11 in <ia.4. He +an *o so in sente, sin+e t e +uttin! (oint at b &or+es :la+k to +onne+t at 1". @ ite as !one &ar enou! alon! t e se+on* line t at :la+k +annot (lay a in sente, so i& @ ite #ants to +ra#l &art er u( t e le&t si*e at some time in t e &uture, + an+es are t at e #ill be able to *o so. <ia.5 !i.es anot er .ariation o& t is Doseki, in # i+ :la+k (lays a se+on* ane #it 1, instea* o& (layin! 1 in <ia.1. Alt ou! 1 be+omes a sa+ri&i+e stone, :la+k !ets to make a soli* #all #it 3 an* ), an* @ ite +an no lon!er be sure o& (layin! a in sente.

%$

Many Doseki in.ol.e (us in! an* +ra#lin! o& one kin* or anot erB <ia.$ s o#s anot er o& t em. First :la+k Dum(s out at % to !et a ste( a ea* o& is o((onent, t en #it ar*ly time to +at+ is breat , e ben*s u(#ar* #it 5 an* 1". His (osition seems to be &ull o& +uttin! (oints, but @ ite +an !ain sur(risin!ly little a*.anta!e &rom t em. ?ou +an see t is Doseki bein! use* in an a+tual !ame in <ia.12. A&ter t e mo.es &rom @ ite 5 to :la+k 1$, # i+ *u(li+ate t e seEuen+e in <ia.$, @ ite takes time out &rom t e (us in! an* s o.in! to +ut at "2, &or+in! :la+k "1, an* t en (lay "". T is is as mu+ as e +an *o #it all t e +uttin! (oints at is *is(osal. :la+k (lays atari at "3, o&&erin! to !i.e u( 1 an* $ in return &or @ ite 15.

Dia.9

Dia.10

)2

T is y(ot eti+al e/+ an!e is (i+ture* in <ia.11, # ere &or t e sake o& +larity #e a.e remo.e* t e +a(ture* # ite stone &rom t e boar*. @ iteCs (ro&it in t e +orner is not small>t#enty (oints #oul* be a !oo* estimate &or t e .alue o& @ ite 1>but :la+kCs +a(ture +om(letely o.ers a*o#s @ iteCs #all, as #ell as e.ery ot er (art o& t e boar*, an* is e.en more .aluable. T e a+tual !ame +ontinue* as in <ia.1", #it @ ite an* :la+k sa.in! t eir stones at "% an* ") res(e+ti.ely, t en +ontinuin! t e (us in! battle u( to @ ite %2. :la+k (laye* %1, &or e +oul* not allo# @ ite to take t at (oint an* start a se+on* #all, an* t e !ame entere* anot er ( ase. On t e le&t si*e, :la+k a* rou! ly &i&ty (oints o& territory in t e bank, but @ iteCs #all, in +oo(eration #it t e t#o stones marke* ., !a.e im a &ully eEual (osition.

Dia.11

Dia.12

)1

:y no# you s oul* be!in to a.e a &air i*ea o& # at (us in! an* +ra#lin! are all about. To el( you re&ine your te+ niEue in t is im(ortant (art o& t e !ame, #e are !oin! to en* t is se+tion by #orkin! t rou! a &e# more e/am(les. In <ia.13, 7anot er Doseki8, #e see a (osition in # i+ @ ite as *one some +ra#lin! alon! t e &ourt line. T is is an a*.anta!eous line alon! # i+ to +ra#l, but in s(ite o& t at, i& it is @ iteCs turn to !o ne/t, e s oul* (lay t e keima at 1, !i.in! u( altitu*e &or s(ee*. I& it is :la+kCs turn, t en o& +ourse a is a bi! mo.e. S oul* @ ite Dust (lo* a ea* #it 1 in <ia.1%, :la+k #ill (us im to t e si*e o& t e boar* #it t e *ouble ane at " an* %. Alt ou! :la+k seems to be runnin! a risk in lea.in! t#o +uttin! (oints o(en, t e best t at @ ite +an *o is to (lay ), lettin! :la+k +onne+t at 1. T is is +learly mu+ #orse &or @ ite t an t e (re.ious *ia!ram. I& @ ite tries to resist, instea* o& lettin! :la+k +onne+t, is stron!est (lay is 1 an* so on in <ia.1), but :la+k 12 t reatens bot a an* b, an* @ ite as &aile*. E.en i& t e la**er *oes not #ork, so t at @ ite +an +a(ture t ree bla+k stones by (layin! c, t e seEuen+e o& :la+k a, @ ite d, :la+k e !i.es :la+k t e stron! outer #all e is seekin!.

Dia.13

Dia.14

Dia.15

)"

Dia.16 So &ar #e a.e been lookin! at (us in! battles t at ran alon! t e e*!e o& t e boar*, so (er a(s it is time to s o# one t at !oes u(#ar*s. @ ite 1 in <ia.11 is (laye* bot to *e.elo( t e #eak stone . an* to atta+k :la+k ,. :la+k (us es ba+k #it " an* %, t en s(rints out #it a keima to 1. @ ite also Dum(s a ea*, to 4, an* :la+k !oes ba+k to make some eye s(a+e &or imsel& by (layin! 5. 6ater on, a #ill be t e key (oint in t e +enter &or # oe.er #ants to +ontinue t e runnin! &i! t. T is kin* o& si*e-by-si*e &li! t into t e +enter &or &ree*om is a +ommon t eme in t e o(enin! an* early mi**le !ame, an* #e a.e alrea*y obser.e* se.eral ot er .ariations o& it.

)3

@e +lose t is se+tion by stu*yin! one more +ase in.ol.in! a (us in! battle in t e +enter o& t e boar*. In <ia.14, :la+k .ery ba*ly #ants to !et t e (oint 4, makin! a ni+e e/tension &rom is stone ,, a.oi*in! a # ite (in+er, an* atta+kin! t e t#o # ite stones in t e u((er le&t +orner. First, o#e.er, e (lays t e a!!ressi.e *ouble ane at 1 an* 3. T e e/+ an!e u( t rou! $ sees @ ite #it a stron!, in&luential +enter (osition, # ile :la+k as !otten to make t#o mo.es on t e u((er si*e, an* as some + an+e le&t to (ut 3 to #ork in t e &uture. T is # ole seEuen+e #ill be e/amine* in t e ne/t &i.e *ia!rams.

Dia.17 To be!in #it , i& :la+k (lays 1 in <ia.15 #it out makin! any (re(aratory mo.es, @ ite #ill Dum( out to ". T is may not seem so *i&&erent &rom t e a+tual seEuen+e, but no# @ ite is *e.elo(in! e&&ortlessly, an* t e bla+k stones marke* , are mu+ #eaker t an t ey #ere a&ter @ ite 1 in t e (re.ious *ia!ram.

)%

Dia.18 A&ter :la+k tries to (us @ ite asi*e #it 1 in <ia.1$, @ ite may &eel in+line* sim(ly to e/ten* *o#n t e si*e to ", but t en :la+k 3 &or+es @ ite %, an* # en :la+k atta+ks #it ), e as a +onsi*erable amount o& stren!t an* territorial (otential in t e +enter. Aat er t an a++e(t t is, @ ite s oul* (us ba+k by (layin! " at 3.

Dia.19

))

Dia.20 No# it is :la+kCs turn to be #ary o& (layin! in too rela/e* a manner. I& e Dust !oes alon! #it 3 an* ) in <ia."2, t en a&ter @ ite 1 an* :la+k 4, @ iteCs si*e is mu+ lar!er t an in t e last *ia!ram, an* :la+k *oes not a.e any# ere near t e (ros(e+ts &or e/(an*in! in t e +enter t at e a* be&ore. Furt ermore, i& @ ite *oes not min* bein! atta+ke* on t e le&t, e +an (lay 1 in <ia."1, an* :la+k #ill !et not in! at all on t e u((er si*e.

Dia.21

)1

So it is im(erati.e t at :la+k (lay t e *ouble ane at 3 in <ia."", an* a&ter atari at %, @ ite as to *e&en* at 1. :la+k is re#ar*e* &or is ener!eti+ ta+ti+s by a.in! built u( is (osition in sente, so t at is atta+k at 4 assumes mu+ !reater si!ni&i+an+e # en &inally it +omes. @ ite % is a more im(ortant stone t an t e t#o in t e +orner, # i+ are ali.e but no lon!er a.e mu+ s+o(e &or a+tion, so ne/t t e e/+ an!e o& @ ite a &or :la+k b, &ollo#e* by eye-makin! mo.es by @ ite on t e u((er si*e, is natural.

Dia.22

)4

CHAPTE% 2 Nine Concepts

)1* +a7e 9our Stones :or7 To5ether
(

?ou +an (robably ima!ine o# t e &irst t#el.e stones o& t e !ame in <ia.1 #ere (laye*. :la+k as ma*e a s imari an* e/ten*e* *o#n t e ri! t si*e, # ile @ ite as Dust ma*e a kakari in t e lo#er le&t +orner an* establis e* imsel& on t e le&t si*e. No# it seems to be :la+kCs turn &or a kakari in t e u((er le&t +orner. @ i+ si*e s oul* e atta+k &romG No e/(erien+e* (layer #oul* miss :la+k 1 an* 3 in <ia.1. T ese mo.es +ombine #it t e t ree bla+k stones on t e ri! t to !i.e :la+k immense territorial (ros(e+ts in t e u((er ri! t Euarter o& t e boar*, an* e is !ainin! momentum #it e.ery ste(. Ea+ one o& is stones ei! tens t e .alue o& t e ot ers. Ne/t :la+k a, # i+ #oul* a.e been rat er stran!e be&ore 1 an* 3, as be+ome a lar!e (oint, an* #e s all return to t is (osition a little later.

Dia.1

)5

T ere is a +ertain kin* o& !o (layer # o +annot bear to see is o((onent make any territory, an* # o #oul* t ere&ore be tem(te* to break u( t e le&t si*e #it :la+k 1 in <ia.". T e Doseki t rou! :la+k ) &ollo#s. :la+kCs ne#ly &orme* !rou( is +ro#*e* in bet#een t#o stron!er # ite (ositions, an* as no relation to any o& t e ot er bla+k stones on t e boar*. T e territory t at @ ite +annot !et on t e le&t si*e e #ill take on t e u((er si*e, an* e as is eye o(en to t e (ossibility o& atta+kin! :la+k 1, 3, an* ) # en e !ets t e + an+e. :la+k as +om(letely lost ste(. :ut i& t e (osition in t e lo#er le&t +orner #ere sli! tly altere*, as in <ia.3, :la+k 1 #oul* be+ome reasonable. No# :la+kCs (lays #oul* be #orkin! #it is s imari to sEueeHe t e t#o # ite stones +au! t in bet#een, # i+ #oul* be e.en #eaker t an t e bla+k !rou( abo.e t em. Aelations i(s like t ese are # at make (lays #ork, or &ail to #ork, in t e !ame o& !o.

Dia.2

Dia.3

)$

)2* E--icienc;

E&&i+ien+y means makin! t e ma/imum o& territory #it t e minimum o& stones. T is is # at !o is all about, an* all o& t e a*.i+e in t is book is really Dust !ui*an+e on o# to (lay e&&i+iently. <urin! t e o(enin!, besi*es !oin! &or t e +orners an* e/ten*in! alon! t e si*es, e&&i+ient (lay means al#ays sear+ in! t e boar* &or t e area # ere t e lar!est (lay is (ossible, takin! all t e a*.anta!e you +an o& your o#n stron! (ositions an* your o((onentCs #eak ones, an* ne.er #astin! time on unne+essary mo.es. 6etCs look at one e/am(le. T e !ame in <ia.1 be!an #it :la+k (layin! on t e %>% (oints an* @ ite on t e 3>% (oints. Ne/t +ame :la+kCs kakari at ), + osen o.er a (ossible kakari in t e u((er le&t +orner be+ause it #as also an e/tension &rom :la+k 3. @ ite 1 starte* a +ommon Doseki, # i+ :la+k &inis e* by e/ten*in! to 11, (i+kin! t e &ourt line instea* o& t e t ir* Dust as a matter o& taste.

Dia.1

12

A!ainst @ iteCs kakari at 1", # i+ ke(t :la+k &rom makin! a *ouble-#in! e/tension, :la+k use* t e (in+er (lay at 13, an* t e mo.es &rom 1% to "" &ollo#e*. T is Doseki o&ten en*s #it :la+k ne/t (layin! a, but ere t at mo.e #oul* be ine&&i+ient. :la+kCs best (lay is s o#n in <ia.", # ere :la+k 1 an* 3 #ork beauti&ully #it :la+k , an* t e t#o stones &art er u( t e ri! t si*e to ma( out a really lar!e area. @ ite +annot !et u( o&& t e t ir* line on t e lo#er si*e. It is best &or im to (lay ", t en lea.e t at (art o& t e boar* &or t e time bein!, (er a(s + oosin! t e kakari at % &or is ne/t mo.e. @ ite . as its ba+k to a soli* #all o& bla+k stones, an* must be aban*one* &or t e &orseeable &uture. I& it *oes not o++ur to :la+k to (lay 1 an* 3, t en an e/tension to b, or a kakari in t e u((er le&t +orner, #oul* be almost as !oo*, but :la+k a #oul* be a mistake.

Dia.2

11

Dia.3

Dia.4

T is (lay, s o#n in <ia.5, *oes not take a*.anta!e o& :la+kCs stren!t , an* be+omes a sort o& #aste&ul o.erkill *ire+te* a!ainst @ ite ., # ile *oin! not in! to alt @ iteCs mo.ements on t e lo#er si*e. 9onsi*erin! t e number o& bla+k stones in t e area, @ ite . s oul* *ie a natural *eat #it out :la+k 1 a.in! to be (laye* at all. In a (osition like <ia.%, o#e.er, # ere :la+k *oes not a.e t e rein&or+ements t at e a* be&ore, :la+k 1 is a !oo* mo.e. T is time, i& @ ite . !ot loose, :la+k +oul* &in* imsel& atta+ke* bot abo.e an* belo#. :la+k #oul* no lon!er #ant to (us #it 1 an* 3 in <ia.), be+ause @ ite +oul* +limb u( onto t e &ourt line #it % an* 1.

1"

Dia.5

Dia.6

I& @ ite a* a stone alrea*y in (la+e &urt er to t e le&t, e +oul* e.en rea+ t e &i&t line by (layin! 1 at a. I& :la+k trie* to +ut un*er @ ite %, as in <ia.1, @ ite #oul* (us im *o#n #it 1, blo+k at 5, an* :la+k #oul* a.e to +ra#l a#ay, i& e +oul*, alon! t e se+on* line.

)3* P!a; A8a; -ro" Stren5th

T is is an im(ortant (rin+i(le o& t e !ame, an* it a((lies bot to your o((onentCs stron! (ositions an* to your o#n. To (lay +lose to enemy stren!t is ine&&e+ti.e, an* sometimes *an!erousB to (lay +lose to your o#n stren!t is ine&&i+ient. T e (ro&essional !ame intro*u+e* in <ia.1 belo# starte* #it s imari an* e/tensions all aroun* t e boar*, &ollo#e* by a Doseki in t e lo#er ri! t +orner t at !a.e bot si*es stron! (ositions. Imme*iately a&ter it, @ ite (laye* 1 an* 3 to trim *o#n :la+kCs territory on t e ri! t ai*e, + oosin!,

Dia.1
13

as only ma*e sense, t e more o(en (art o& it &or is intrusion. His + oi+e ser.es as t e &irst illustration o& t e main (oint o& t is se+tion. For +om(arison, see # at a((ens in <ia.", # en @ ite (lays 1 on t e #ron! si*e, an* :la+k *ri.es to t e le&t #it " an* %. :la+k is *oin! a !reat *eal to stren!t en an* enlar!e is area in t e u((er ri! t #it t ese mo.es, # ile @ ite 1 an* 3 &ail to arm :la+kCs stron! lo#er ri! t +orner at all. T e &e# (oints o& territory t at @ ite may be able to take a#ay &rom :la+k in t e area aroun* 1 *o not a** u( to mu+ o& anyt in!. :ut #e are mainly intereste* in t e (lays t at &ollo#e* @ ite 1 an* 3 in <ia.1. @ ite #as t inkin!, (er a(s, o& :la+k 1 an* 3 in <ia.3, # i+ are a kin* o& Doseki in t is s a(e, an* # i+ !i.e im t e + an+e to (lay a .ery ni+e keima at %. He is t reatenin! to +ut o&& an* surroun* t e s imari in t e u((er ri! t +orner, but i& :la+k *e&en*s #it ), @ ite +an +ombine % #it anot er keima at 1 to take +ontrol o& a u!e (otential territory on t e u((er si*e.

Dia.2
1%

Dia.3

1)

T is seEuen+e, in # i+ @ ite simultaneously re*u+es :la+kCs territory an* buil*s u( is o#n, (uts im #ell out in &ront. T e reason is t at :la+k 1, 3, an* ) .iolate t e (rin+i(le o& (layin! a#ay &rom stron! stones, in t is +ase, t e stones in t e lo#er ri! t +orner. :la+k, bein! a (ro&essional (layer, #as #ell a#are o& t is, an* so e +ame u( #it a more interestin! an* e&&e+ti.e seEuen+e. In or*er to atta+k @ ite #it out +ausin! a re*un*an+y o& (o#er, e (laye* 1 in <ia.%. @ ite *e&en*e* is #eak stones #it ", an* :la+k *ro.e *ee( into is o((onentCs (otential territory #it 3, ), an* 4, re.en!in! imsel& &ully &or t e *ama!e t at @ ite #as +ausin! on t e ri! t si*e. :la+k 1 is not t e kin* o& e/tension to be (laye* all t e time, but t e (arti+ular +ir+umstan+es o& t is !ame ma*e it #ork #ell. T e tri+k o& lea.in! stron! stones to look a&ter t emsel.es in or*er to break !roun* in some ne# *ire+tion is al#ays use&ul, one o& t e easier te+ niEues to learn an* one o& t e most re#ar*in! to (ut into (ra+ti+e.

Dia.4

11

)/* Thic7ness and :a!!s

A #all, as t e #or* is use* in !o, is a soli*, or nearly soli*, line o& stones t at *oes not &a+e t e e*!e o& t e boar*. T i+kness re&ers to a (osition #it no #eak (oints. Pus in! o(erations an* Doseki o&ten (ro*u+e #alls, or t i+kness, or t i+k #alls, in t e o(enin!, an* t e key to an*lin! t em +an be (artly &oun* in t e (rin+i(le o& t e (re.ious se+tion. It is al#ays #ron! to (lay +lose to t i+kness. It is similarly un#ise to (lay +lose to a #all, sin+e t at eit er +auses an ine&&i+ient &ormation, i& t e #all is one o& your o#n, or lea*s to bein! atta+ke*, i& t e #all is one o& your o((onentCs. A #all, o#e.er, is in erently use&ul &or makin! territory, an* is &oolis to i!nore. It is e/tremely *esirable to e/ten* &rom your o#n #alls an* to#ar*s your o((onentCs, but at t e same time, it is *esirable to *o so at a *istan+e t at *oes &ull Dusti+e to t e (o#er o& t e #all. T e (ro&essional !ame # i+ #e a.e taken to illustrate t is se+tion s o#s se.eral e/am(les o& t e (ro(er te+ niEue. <ia.1 !i.es t e mo.es t at #e are intereste* in. T e Doseki (laye* in t e lo#er le&t +orner as le&t :la+k a t i+k !rou( #it a #all &a+in! u( t e le&t si*e, an* @ ite sets about trimmin! *o#n :la+kCs area by (ressin! on t e bla+k stone in t e u((er le&t +orner #it 1. @ ite 1 *oes not kee( :la+k &rom takin! territory on t e le&t si*e, as e.entually be *i* by (layin! 5, so it is &air to ask # y @ ite *i* not (ut is stone *o#n at 1 in <ia.", in.a*in! t e le&t si*e an* also makin! a (in+er atta+k a!ainst :la+k,. A+tually, t is !ets @ ite into trouble. :la+k +ounters #it " an* %, +reatin! a serious +uttin! (oint at a, an* #it is t i+kness in t e lo#er le&t, e as @ ite 1 in an un+om&ortable (osition, too. @ ite as .ery little to o(e &or in t e +omin! &i! t. CStay a#ay &rom t i+knessC is a basi+ (rin+i(le o& !o, # i+ @ ite 1 in <ia." blatantly .iolates.

14

Dia.1

Dia.2

I& #e turn t in!s aroun* as in <ia.3, o#e.er, @ iteCs (in+er atta+k at 1 be+omes a !oo* mo.e, better no# t an @ ite a #oul* be.

Dia.3 :ut in t e !ame un*er +onsi*eration, @ ite 1 in <ia.% #as +orre+t. @ ite #as o(in! t at :la+k #oul* ans#er at " an* let im e/ten* a+ross t e u((er si*e to 3. In or*er to take a*.anta!e o& t e #all ma*e by 1, e s oul* !o t at &ar, or to a at t e .ery least.
15

Dia.4 :la+k " in <ia.% is a bi! mo.e, but some o# it looks narro# an* ina*eEuate in relation to t e t i+kness in t e lo#er le&t +ornerB you *o not a.e to be a stron! (layer to a((re+iate t is. @ iteCs &ull e/tension to 3 is a more e&&i+ient (lay, an* so :la+k reDe+te* t is *ia!ram.

1$

Dia.5 Instea*, e took t e (oint on t e u((er si*e &or imsel&, as s o#n in <ia.). Sin+e e #as e/ten*in! to#ar* a # ite #all, e *i* not #ant to !et too +lose, but at t e same time, e *i* not #ant to (lay too &ar a#ay. Pra+ti+e* Du*!ement #a.ers bet#een :la+k 1, t e mo.e (laye*, an* :la+k a, # i+ #oul* still a.e le&t @ ite not enou! room &or a &ully e&&i+ient +ounter-e/tension. I& :la+k a* e/ten*e* one line &urt er t an e *i*, (layin! 1 in <ia.1, @ ite #oul* a.e +ut in be in* im at ", #it s(a+e &or a !oo* e/tension to % in &ront o& im. :la+k #oul* la+k a similar amount o& s(a+e to t e le&t o& 1. His best e/tension #oul* be into t e +enter #it 3, but <ia.1 is a +lear &ailure &or im.

Dia.6

42

To return to t e a+tual !ame, @ ite ne/t (laye* 1 an* 3 in <ia 4, buil*in! a t i+k, i! #all, an* :la+k imme*iately e/ten*e* to#ar* it #it %, to &orestall a kakari a!ainst t e u((er ri! t +orner. A mo.e like % is so im(ortant t at it be+omes almost a re&le/ in an e/(erien+e* (layer. It is not ne+essary to +ome .ery &ar *o#n t e si*e to kee( @ ite &rom !ettin! &ull .alue &or is t i+kness. :la+k +oul*, as a matter o& &a+t, a.e a&&or*e* an e/tension to a, but e *i* not nee* to !o t at &arB it #oul* a.e been unsa&e &or im to e/+ee* t e (oint a. :la+k 1 in <ia.5 +omes one ste( too +lose to @ iteCs t i+kness, an* in.ites *isaster. A&ter (re(aratory (lays at " an* %, @ ite in.a*es at 1, # ereu(on e an* :la+k + ase ea+

Dia.7

41

Dia.8 ot er out into t e +enter in t e seEuen+e t rou! 12. :la+k !ets a#ay, but @ ite 1" strikes into t e u((er si*e. :la+k is !oin! to lose Euite a bit more t ere t an e as taken a#ay &rom @ ite in t e lo#er ri! t, an* t e #eakness o& :la+k 1, 4, $, an* 11 may (la!ue im &or t e rest o& t e !ame. 6ookin! ba+k to <ia.4, in t e a+tual !ame bot (layers a* mana!e* to *eal su++ess&ully #it ea+ ot erCs t i+kness. T e (ositions on t e le&t an* ri! t #ere rou! ly (arallel to one anot er, neit er (layer a.in! as mu+ room to e/ten* u( t e si*e as e #oul* a.e like*. In s(ite o& t at, o#e.er, t ere #as still room enou! &or t#o Euite lar!e (lays, an* t e (layers *i* not let t eir *isa((ointment *eter t em &rom makin! # at use t ey +oul* o& t eir stron! (ositions.

4"

Dia.9 @ iteCs ne/t (lay #as 1 in <ia.$, an* :la+k mat+ e* it #it " on t e ot er si*e o& t e boar*. T ese (lays seem about eEually .aluableB @ ite +oul* Dust as #ell a.e taken t e u((er le&t +orner #it a, lea.in! :la+k to mo.e anot er len!t *o#n t e ri! t si*e to b. Eit er #ay lea.es t e bla+k an* # ite (ositions in eEuilibrium, an* attention s i&ts to t e lar!est remainin! o(en s(a+es, on t e u((er an* lo#er si*es. A #ay &or @ ite to *eal #it t e latter>not, as it

Dia.10
43

a((ens, t e #ay e + ose, but (er a(s t e #ay e s oul* a.e + osen >is !i.en in <ia.12. @ ite (us es #it 1 an* 3, t en imme*iately e/ten*s to#ar* t e t i+k #all t at t is +reates &or :la+k by (layin! ), +oor*inatin! all is stones .ery #ell.

)0* Open at the Botto"

T e (osition in <ia.1 is rat er arti&i+ial, but it illustrates an im(ortant +on+e(t in !o. @ ite as (laye* a Doseki in t e lo#er ri! t t at !i.es im a stron! outer #all in return &or t e +orner territory. No# it is :la+kCs turn, an* it #oul* be (ro(er &or im to e/ten* to#ar* @ iteCs t i+kness by (layin! a or 1. @ i+ o& t ese t#o (oints is betterG T e key to t is situation is t e bla+k stone marke*

Dia.1 :la+k 1 in <ia." is #ron!. @ ite #ill, o& +ourse, make a kakari at ", an* a&ter :la+k 3, e +an buil* to#ar* Euite a lar!e area #it %, or some su+ mo.e.

4%

Dia.2 T e ri! t mo.e &or :la+k to make is 1 in <ia.3. @ ite " an* % are similar to " an* % in t e (re.ious *ia!ram, e/+e(t t at no# @ iteCs &la!s i( territory as a ole in it belo# t e #aterline, &or :la+k +an Dum( out &rom , to a, a (lay t at re*u+es @ iteCs territory by a sur(risin!ly lar!e amount. 9onsi*erin! t is, it #oul* a+tually be better &or @ ite to make is kakari &rom t e ot er si*e, at b, or to take t e lar!e (oint at c on t e u((er si*e, t an to (lay ".

4)

Dia.3 :la+k s oul* not (ani+ an* Dum( out to a #it is ne/t mo.e, &or at t is early sta!e o& t e !ame ot er (oints are bi!!er. T us @ ite may !et t e + an+e to (lu! t e leak by (layin! at t e (oint bet#een a an* ,, but t e &a+t t at e nee*s t is t ir* mo.e to seal o&& is territory is enou! to s o# t at " an* % are ine&&i+ient. :la+k , makes t e lo#er si*e an unim(ortant (la+e &or eit er (layer to (lay. T is +on*ition is +alle* CsusoakiC in 'a(anese, a #or* t at means Co(en at t e bottomC.

41

)1* The Third Line and the Fourth

<ia.1 s o#s t e (osition a&ter t irty-&i.e mo.es in a re+ent + am(ions i( !ame. A runnin! battle a* !i.en @ ite about t irty (oints o& territory alon! t e u((er si*e, # ile :la+k a* t e be!innin!s o& a siHeable territory in t e lo#er le&t Euarter o& t e boar*. @ ite ma*e t e kakari at 1 to kee( :la+kCs territory un*er +ontrol, an* t en e/ten*e* to 3. In t is se+tion, #e s all stu*y is reasons &or (layin! 3 on t e &ourt line, an* t e +onseEuen+es o& is *oin! so. :ut &irst, # ile #e a.e t e o((ortunity, #e #ant to mention :la+k ". T is is not t e usual #ay to ans#er a kakari, but ere t e +on*itions on t e le&t si*e ma*e it +orre+t. :la+k " in <ia." +omes too +lose to t e t ree stones marke* , to be e&&i+ient. Es(e+ially +onsi*erin! t at t e +orner +an still be in.a*e* at t e 3>3 (oint, :la+k is !ettin! no# ere near enou! territory &or is e&&ort.

Dia.1

Dia.2

44

:ut to return to t e main Euestion, # at ma*e @ ite (lay 3 in <ia.1 on t e &ourt lineG <ia.3 s o#s # at a((ens # en @ ite (lays on t e t ir* line. :la+k strikes #it " an* %B a stone on t e t ir* line al#ays in.ites t is kin* o& (ressure &rom abo.e. :la+kCs (lays not only enlar!e is territory, t ey also intensi&y t e (ressure on @ iteCs eyeless +enter !rou(. Furt ermore, sin+e @ ite . is on t e t ir* line, it #ill be ar* &or @ ite to make a lar!e amount o& territory on t e lo#er si*e, e.en i& :la+k ne.er in.a*es t ere. In t e o(enin!, it is not a !oo* i*ea to strin! all your stones out alon! t e t ir* line like t is. In s(ite o& t e (re+e*in! tira*e, @ ite 1 in <ia.3 is not really a ba* mo.eB it is still too early in t e !ame to make (ositi.e Du*!ements. It +ertainly looks as i& +ir+umstan+es +all &or an e/tension on t e &ourt line, but it is im(ossible to +riti+iHe t e e/tension on t e t ir* line .ery ars ly, es(e+ially sin+e it is ri! t in so many ot er (ositions.

Dia.3

45

Dia.4 In <ia.%, &or e/am(le, # ere :la+k as only , on t e le&t si*e an* @ ite . is on t e %>% (oint, @ ite s oul* *e&initely e/ten* as s o#n. To (lay @ ite 1 at a #oul* only be to ask &or an in.asion o& t e lo#er si*e.

Dia.5

4$

A stone on t e &ourt line al#ays in.ites an in.asion, an* in t e !ame un*er stu*y, :la+k ma*e a lan*in! strai! ta#ay #it " an* % in <ia.). :la+k % +on&ronte* @ ite 1, aimin! un*er an* be in* it, in t e same #ay t at @ iteCs kakari at . a* +on&ronte* :la+k , a &e# mo.es earlier, an* :la+k no# a* t e initiati.e.

Dia.6 @ ite 1 in <ia.1 looks like a reasonable (in+er (lay to make to (rote+t t e # ite stones to t e le&t, but (ro&essional Du*!ement reDe+te* it. :y (layin! t at #ay, @ ite seems to be s(rea*in! imsel& too t inly. :la+k " atta+ks t e stone in t e lo#er ri! t +orner. At t e same time, @ iteCs +enter !rou( is #eak, an* e.en a&ter @ ite 1, t e (ossibility o& :la+kCs in.a*in! an* atta+kin! t e !rou( on t e lo#er si*e e/ists, so @ ite may soon &in* imsel& in trouble in one (la+e or anot er.

52

Dia.7 It #as better &or @ ite to (lay 1 in <ia.4 an* tolerate :la+kCs e/tension to ". @ ite 3, :la+k %, an* @ ite ) &ollo#e*. A&ter t is :la+k atta+ke* in t e +enter, but sin+e @ ite a* &orme* t#o stron! !rou(s on t e lo#er si*e, e a* no trouble *e&en*in!. @ ite 3 re*u+e* :la+kCs territory, too, anot er a*.anta!e in @ iteCs + oosin! t is line o& (lay.

51

)2* %e,erse Strate5;

CI& you #ant to (lay on t e ri! t, (us &irst on t e le&t, soun*s like a &ra!ment o& Oriental nonsense, but it is o&ten t e ri! t strate!y in !o. For an e/am(le letCs look ba+k to an earlier sta!e o& t e !ame t at a((eare* in t e (re.ious se+tion. T e situation #as t en as s o#n in <ia.1, an* :la+kCs main +on+ern #as to atta+k t e t#o # ite stones marke* ., a!ainst # i+ e a* alrea*y ma*e a (in+er (lay. His o#n (air o& stones in t e u((er le&t +orner, o#e.er, #ere none too stron! t emsel.es, an* in (arti+ular, @ ite #as t reatenin! to +ut t rou! at a. :la+kCs task #as to stren!t en imsel& in su+ a #ay as to kee( u( t e atta+k e a* starte*. T e tri+k #as &or :la+k to (us a!ainst t e # ite stones on t e u((er si*e, t e ones e #as not intereste* in atta+kin!.

Dia.1

5"

Dia.2 :la+k 1, 3, an* ) in <ia." #ere one #ay o& *oin! t is. Alt ou! t e last o& t ese (lays #as +learly sa+ri&i+ial, it &or+e* @ ite to (lay 1 an* 5, # ile :la+k +onne+te* at 4 an* Dum(e* out to $. He no# a* a stron!, un+uttable line o& stones, an* a* !reatly im(ro.e* is (osition in relation to t e t#o # ite .Cs, # i+ #ere still as #eak as e.er.

Dia.3

53

5%

Moreo.er, e #as t reatenin! to s ut @ ite in by (layin! a, a!ain makin! use o& :la+k ) an* isolatin! t e t ree # ite stones in t e u((er ri! t +orner. @ ite a* to *e&en* #it 1 in <ia.3, an* :la+k +ontinue* to (us a!ainst t e u((er si*e #it " an* %. @ en e &inally stru+k #it 1, t e atta+k e a* been aimin! to#ar*, e a* a lon! an* soli* #all to sEueeHe @ ite a!ainst. T is #as a !oo* e/am(le o& re.erse strate!y bein! use* to buttress an assault. To see re.erse strate!y bein! use* in anot er #ay, letCs look at t e (osition in <ia.%. T ere t e (art o& t e boar* t at +alls &or imme*iate attention is t e u((er si*e, # ere a #eak # ite stone lies ne/t to a #eak bla+k !rou(. @ ite must *o somet in! ri! t a#ay to kee( :la+k &rom (layin! a, but in t e lon!er run, t e re!ion t at is most im(ortant is on t e le&t si*e. For one t in!, t e area t at :la+k as ma((e* out t ere is bi!!er t an anyt in! else on t e boar*, an* &or anot er, t e t ree stones marke* , are #eak, so t at @ ite as a !oo* + an+e to atta+k.

Dia.4

5)

Sin+e @ ite #ants to enter t e area on t e le&t, e s oul* start by (us in! a!ainst :la+k on t e ri! t, by (layin! 1 in <ia.). I& :la+k ans#ers (assi.ely #it ", @ ite #ill (us alon! #it 3 an* ), t en Dum( out to 4, buil*in! a +ano(y t at (romises a !reat *eal o& *ama!e to t e le&t si*e. :la+k ", %, an* 1 *o not a.e a similar e&&e+t on t e ri! t si*e be+ause o& t e stron! line o& stones marke* . t at @ ite as t ere.

Dia.5 Aat er t an allo# t is, :la+k #ill (lay " an* % in <ia.1, but no# @ ite is mo.in! smoot ly an* naturally to t e le&t. It is as i& e as t ro#n imsel& at :la+k, an* :la+k as &lun! im ba+k in Dust t e *ire+tion e #ants to !o, #it a**e* momentum. In t is !ame, :la+k no# &a+e* a *i&&i+ult + oi+e o& mo.es. E.entually e *e+i*e* to +ast imsel& ea*lon! into t e atta+k #it 1 an* 3 in <ia.4, e.en t ou! it meant *ri.in! @ ite *ire+tly into t e area e a* been o(in! &or, an*

51

Dia.6 le&t im #it &ri! tenin!ly little a+tual territory. @ ite " in t is seEuen+e is anot er e/am(le o& re.erse strate!y t at #e s all e/amineB &irst @ ite elbo#e* :la+k in one *ire+tion, t en e s ot a ea* in anot er.

Dia.7

54

Dia.8

Dia.9

I& @ ite a* Dust ma*e anot er one-(oint Dum( &or#ar*, as s o#n in <ia.5, :la+k #oul* a.e #el+ome* t e o((ortunity to *e&en* t e le&t si*e #it 3. @ ite " #oul* not be el(in! @ iteCs +ause .ery mu+ B e #oul* still be t#o mo.es a#ay &rom !ettin! out into t e +enter. I& :la+k *e&en*e* #it 3 a&ter @ iteCs *ia!onal e/tension in <ia.$, o#e.er, @ ite +oul* es+a(e #it one mo.e at %. On+e is runnin! !rou( is out o& *an!er, e still as room to in.a*e t e le&t si*e or t e u((er le&t +orner, an* :la+k as a runnin! !rou( o& is o#n t at +an +ome un*er atta+k.

55

)4* Li5ht and Hea,;

T e +on+e(ts o& li! t an* ea.y (lay are im(ortant in t e o(enin! an* t e mi**le !ame. :ot o& t em re&er to t e #ay a (layer an*les imsel& in (arts o& t e boar* # ere e is #eak. CHea.yC is a term o& +riti+ism, use* to *es+ribe a stubborn, slo#-#itte* (lay t at only ser.es to make a !rou( o& #eak stones bi!!er, #it out stren!t enin! it or +ounteratta+kin! in any si!ni&i+ant #ay. A ea.y !rou( is one t at as !ro#n too &at to be !i.en u(, but is ser.in! no (ur(ose e/+e(t t at o& (ro.i*in! t e o((onent #it somet in! easy to atta+k. A li! t !rou( is one t at, alt ou! #eak, is not in a (osition to be e&&e+ti.ely atta+ke*, or i& atta+ke*, +an be sa+ri&i+e*. 6i! t (lay re&ers to t e kin* o& &ast an* sli((ery style t at !i.es t e o((onent no bi! tar!ets to it. 6etCs look at a +ou(le o& e/am(les. In t e !ame in <ia.1, @ ite as Dust (laye* ., isolatin! one o& :la+kCs stones an* a*.an+in! to#ar* t e u((er ri! t +orner. Ho# s oul* :la+k ans#erG

5$

Dia.1

$2

Dia.2 :la+k 1 in <ia." is t e ri! t #ay to brin! t e isolate* stone out into t e +enter, but ere it is a ea.y mo.e. @ ite as room to e/ten* to "B no# is !rou( as a base on t e si*e an* :la+kCs *oes not. 9arin! &or t is ea.y !rou( is !oin! to be a nuisan+e to :la+k &or some time to +ome, # ile atta+kin! it #ill be a sour+e o& bot (leasure an* (ro&it to @ ite. He +an buil* u( is o#n stren!t by + asin! it, t en in.a*e at a, &or e/am(le.

Dia.3

$1

T e +orre+t, li! t (lay is :la+k 1 in <ia.3, # i+ o&&ers to let @ ite a.e , an* t e territory aroun* it on t e u((er si*e, but takes &ull +om(ensation in t e u((er ri! t +orner. @ ite as no + oi+e but to a++e(t t e o&&er, &or a&ter :la+k 1, :la+k a #oul* be+ome bot an es+a(e an* an atta+k. First @ ite e/+ an!es " &or 3>t is (ro&its im on t e le&t si*e, an* i& e is !oin! to +a(ture :la+k ,, e #ill a.e no nee* to (lay 3 imsel& as an eye-makin! mo.e>t en e tra(s :la+kCs stone #it % an* 1. :la+k is (er&e+tly a((y. T e %-) e/+ an!e as ma*e is u((er ri! t +orner .ery stron!, an* :la+k ,, # i+ as been only loosely +a(ture*, remains as a sort o& ten*er s(ot in t e belly o& @ iteCs territory. 6i! t (lay is es(e+ially +alle* &or in re*u+in! lar!e areas t at t e o((onent is buil*in! u(, an* as an e/am(le o& t is, #e return to t e !ame #e le&t on (a!e )$. <ia.% s o#s t e (osition rea+ e*. :la+k as lai* t e &oun*ations o& a !iant territory in t e u((er ri! t Euarter o& t e boar*, an* it is @ iteCs mo.e. I& @ ite +ontents imsel& #it buil*in!

Dia.4 is o#n territory by e/ten*in! to 1 in <ia.), :la+k #ill (lay ". @ ite 3
$"

makes a *ouble-#in! &ormation aroun* t e s imari in t e lo#er ri! t +orner, but :la+kCs territory is *e.elo(in! on a lar!er s+ale, an* +an !ro# &aster, t an @ iteCs.

Dia.5 T ere&ore, @ ite s oul* (lay 1 in <ia.1. T is is a li! t mo.e. @ ite *oes not !o in too &ar, lest e be atta+ke*, but settles &or makin! a mo*est-siHe* *ent in :la+kCs (ros(e+ti.e territory. T e seEuen+e &rom " to 1 is natural, an* ne/t @ ite lea.es is ne#, li! t !rou( as it is, to e/ten* to 4 an* $. 9om(are :la+kCs territory no# #it # at it #as in t e last *ia!ram, takin! note t at @ ite +an s(lit t e u((er si*e by (layin! a at some time in t e &uture. E.en t ou! @ ite 1, 3, an* ) *o not a.e mu+ in t e #ay o& eye s a(e, sin+e t ey are ri*in! *o#n :la+kCs territory &rom abo.e, t ere is no .ery (ro&itable #ay &or :la+k to atta+k t em. His ne/t mo.e #as a+tually an in.asion at t e 3>3 (oint in t e u((er le&t +orner.

$3

Dia.6 @ at i& @ ite a* ma*e a *ee(er in.asion, + oosin!, #e ima!ine, 1 in <ia.4G In some +ir+umstan+es t is #oul* be a !oo* mo.e, but not ere, an* any e/(erien+e* (layer, seein! @ ite 1, #oul* t ink to imsel&, Ctoo ea.yC. Ne/t, our e/(erien+e* (layer #oul* (on*er &or a bit. It is one t in! to a++use a mo.e o& bein! ea.y, an* anot er to see o# best to take a*.anta!e o& t e mistake. :la+k a, @ ite b, :la+k c in <ia.4 are one i*ea t at +omes to min*,

Dia.7
$%

Dia.8 but a&ter some t ou! t, :la+k " in <ia.5 seems to #ork better. T e seEuen+e u( to @ ite 13 &lo#s naturally, an* :la+k se+ures is territory on t e ri! t # ile atta+kin! @ ite #it 1 an* 1". @ ite as, o& +ourse, re*u+e* :la+kCs territory by mu+ more in t is *ia!ram t an e *i* in <ia.1, but on t e ot er an*, e as not ma*e any territory &or imsel&. Furt ermore, :la+k as !otten to (lay ", %, 5, an* 12, makin! a #all in t e +enter # i+ #ill su((ort an e&&e+ti.e in.asion at a on t e le&t si*e. @it 13 @ ite as !otten out into t e o(en, but is !rou( still *oes not a.e t#o eyes, a &a+t t at as +onseEuen+es all o.er t e boar*. On t e lo#er si*e, &or e/am(le, :la+k +an e/ten* to b. Normally @ ite #oul* a.e no trouble in.a*in! be in* t is e/tension, but no#, #it one #eak !rou( alrea*y &loatin! in t e u((er ri! t, e may not be able to a&&or* anot er. All in all, @ iteCs in.asion as turne* out to +ost im a !reat *eal.
$)

T ere is one more e/am(le &or us to look at, t is time o& (lays *esi!ne* to make t e o((onentCs stones ea.y. Most o& t e early a+tion in t e !ame in <ia.$ as taken (la+e in t e lo#er al& o& t e boar*, but stable (ositions a.e been rea+ e* all aroun*, an* :la+kCs lo#-lyin!, stron! stone at , makes t e ri! t si*e an unin.itin! (la+e to (lay, so attention +enters on t e lar!e o(en s(a+e on t e u((er si*e. It is :la+kCs turn.

Dia.9

$1

Dia.10 :la+k #oul* like to take t e bi! (oint &or imsel& #it 1 in <ia.12, but t at *oes not #ork out .ery #ell. @ ite lea(s on is ba+k #it " an* %, &or+in! :la+k 3 an* ), an* :la+k 1 be+omes an ine&&i+ient stone. :la+k #oul* ne.er a.e bot ere* to make su+ a small e/tension &rom a sa&e (osition i& 3 an* ) a* been in (la+e alrea*y. @ ite buil*s on a lar!e s+ale #it 1 an* 5 an* takes t e lea*. 7I& :la+k &aile* to (lay 4, by t e #ay, @ ite 4 #oul* seal im in ti! tly8. As a #ay o& (re.entin! t is ba* result, :la+k mi! t try t e *ia!onal e/tension at 1 in <ia.11. @ ite #oul* t en take t e lar!e (oint at ". :la+k turns is attention to#ar* @ ite ., but t is stone is li! t, an* ar* to atta+k. I& :la+k makes a (in+er atta+k #it 3, @ ite li.es easily #it %, 1, an* 5. @ ite " an* t e stones in t e lo#er ri! t (retty #ell nulli&y :la+kCs out#ar*-&a+in! #all.

$4

A&ter @ ite ", it #oul* be mu+ better &or :la+k to e/+ an!e 3 &or % in <ia.1", so as to make @ ite ea.ier, be&ore atta+kin! #it ). No# @ ite +annot rea+ t e li.in! s a(e t at e !ot be&ore, an* :la+k as somet in! to o(e &or, but still, @ ite +an an*le imsel& by (layin! 1.

Dia.11

Dia.12

$5

Dia.13 T e best #ay is &or :la+k to make @ ite ea.y &rom t e .ery be!innin! by (layin! 1, 3, an* ) in <ia.13. A!ain, @ ite #ill take t e lar!e (oint on t e u((er si*e #it 1, but no# # en :la+k makes is (in+er, e as t ree stones to atta+k, instea* o& Dust one or t#o. :la+k 4 takes a key (oint in t is s a(e, an* @ ite *oes not #ant to mo.e into t e +enter #it a, be+ause :la+k #ill turn im #it b, &or+in! im to make an em(ty trian!le at c.

$$

@ ite +annot a&&or* to (re.ent t e atta+k #it 1 in <ia.1%, lettin! :la+k !et t e key (oint at ". It is rat er (ointless &or @ ite to e/ten* to#ar* a stone like , B on t e ri! t si*e neit er e nor :la+k stan*s to make territory at any !reat rate. T e +orre+t #ay &or @ ite to ans#er :la+kCs (in+er, &ollo#in! <ia.13, is to run into it ea*-on #it 1 in <ia.1). :la+k +an s ut @ ite in by (layin! a or, as seems best ere, e +an +ome *o#n #it " to kee( @ ite s ort o& eye s(a+e. @ ite Dum(s out at 3, an* :la+k % #orks #ell. 6ater on, :la+k #ill return to atta+k @ iteCs ea.y !rou(, usin! (ressure a!ainst it to !ain (ro&it on t e u((er si*e, or else# ere on t e boar*.

Dia.14

Dia.15

122

)6* Attac7 and &e-ense

:y no# t e rea*er as seen many e/am(les o& runnin! battles, t at is, o& !rou(s #it out a*eEuate eye s(a+e at t e si*e o& t e boar* bein! + ase* out into t e +enter, an* e s oul* a.e a &airly !oo* i*ea o& t e *isa*.anta!es o& bein! un*er atta+k. T e main one is t at you +annot .ery #ell sto( to make territory # ile you are &leein! &or sa&ety. At t e same time, i& your o((onent +an mana!e to &orm territory # ile + asin! you, t en e #ill be makin! (ro&it in t e most e&&i+ient #ay (ossible. E.en i& e +annot buil* territory *ire+tly, e +an usually *eri.e some kin* o& a*.anta!e &rom t reatenin! you. E.ery unsa&e !rou( you a.e to look a&ter is a liabilityB e.ery #eakness in your (osition a sour+e o& (ro&it to your o((onent. T e te+ niEues o& atta+k an* *e&ense belon! mostly to t e mi**le !ame, but t e battles #a!e* t ere a.e t eir

Dia.1

121

ori!ins in t e o(enin!, an* t eir strate!i+ im(li+ations nee* to be un*erstoo* t ere. @e s all brin! t is + a(ter to a +lose by lookin! at t ree o(enin! situations in # i+ (lay #as !ui*e* by +onsi*erations o& atta+k an* *e&ense, startin! #it a .ery sim(le one, illustratin! *e&ensi.e strate!y. ?ou may not re+o!niHe t e Doseki t at as been (laye* in t e u((er le&t +orner in <ia.1, but it *oesnCt matter, sin+e t e seEuen+e o& mo.es t ere is irrele.ant to our *is+ussion. It is no# @ iteCs turn. I& you run your eye o.er t e boar* you #ill see se.eral lar!e (oints, but one o& t em is mu+ more im(ortant t an t e ot ers. No one +an a&&or* to miss a (lay like t is. @ ite must #it out &ail +onne+t at 1 in <ia.". T at lets :la+k e/ten* to " on t e ri! t si*e, but @ ite as no #eak !rou(s to #orry about, an* &rom t is (oint on e +an (lay #it a &ree an*.

Dia.2

12"

Dia.3 I& @ ite (lays 1 in <ia.3, aimin! at t e in.asion (oint a, :la+k #ill +ut at ", (uttin! t e # ite stones in t e u((er le&t +orner on t e run. @ ite #ill a.e no time to (lay a until t is !rou( is out o& imme*iate *an!er. Furt ermore, #it one !rou( *ri&tin! unstea*ily in t e +enter, e is unlikely to be able to a&&or* an in.asion at b on t e u((er si*e.

Dia.4
123

Not only t at, but is !rou( on t e le&t si*e is rat er #eak, an* c +oul* easily be+ome :la+kCs senteB t is e/tension is not .ery #i*e, but it stren!t ens t e lo#er le&t +orner si!ni&i+antly. @ iteCs t irst &or (ro&it on t e ri! t si*e #ill en* u( +ostin! im *early in e.ery ot er (art o& t e boar*. @ ite 1 in <ia.% is a ba* mistake # i+ #e trust none o& our rea*ers #oul* make. 9losin! o&& t e le&t si*e in t is #ay is mu+ less im(ortant t an (re.entin! t e +ut. :la+k (lays ", an* @ ite as t e same trouble on is an*s as in <ia.3. As anot er e/am(le o& *e&ensi.e strate!y in o(eration, #e s all stu*y t e mo.es s o#n in <ia.), &ollo#in! :la+kCs (in+er (lay at 1 an* e/tension to 3. @ iteCs +ounter-e/tension to % a* t e a*.anta!e o& kee(in! :la+k 1 an* 3 #eak, alt ou! @ ite a on t e le&t si*e #oul* a.e been Dust as !oo*. :la+kCs keima at ) (rom(te* @ ite 1 an* 5 in t e +orner, an* alt ou! t ese mo.es more or less &ollo#e* Doseki, t ey #ere !ui*e* by +onsi*erations o& atta+k an* *e&ense. 6etCs start by lookin! at @ ite %.

Dia.5

12%

Dia.6

Dia.7

One Doseki .ariation as @ ite makin! (in+er atta+k on t e ri! t si*e as s o#n in <ia.1. In t is !ame, o#e.er, a&ter :la+k mar+ es out #it " an* %, @ ite is in a (re*i+ament, &or is t ree stones on t e lo#er si*e *o not a.e eye s(a+e yet, an* t e stron! bla+k stone marke* , in t e u((er ri! t +orner lea.es im #it no !oo* (lay on t e ri! t si*e. T e bla+k !rou( in+lu*in! " an* % is #eak, but one #eak !rou( bet#een t#o #eak enemy ones is a stron! (osition to a.e. I& , #ere a # ite stone, t en @ ite 1 #oul* not be in so mu+ *an!er, an* @ ite #oul* a.e t e u((er an*, but as it stan*s, :la+k , makes @ iteCs (in+er atta+k turn out ba*ly. @ ite 1 !oes a!ainst t e (rin+i(le o& not +on&rontin! stron! stones. T us @ ite (laye* 1 in <ia.4 instea*, an* :la+k built u( t e ri! t si*e #it ". @ ite 3 an* ) #ere e/tremely im(ortant mo.es. T ey ma*e +orner territory, t ey un*er+ut :la+kCs ri! t si*e, an* most o& all, t ey !a.e @ ite a sure, li.in! s a(e.

12)

I& @ ite omits t ese mo.es to o++u(y t e lar!e (oint at 1 in <ia.5, :la+k sli*es into t e +orner at ". @ iteCs stones are no# rootless, an* as e &lees blin*ly into t e +enter, :la+k stren!t ens imsel& on one si*e #it % an* takes territory on t e ot er #it 1. To be atta+ke* like t is, # en t ere is not in! to +ounteratta+k a!ainst, is intolerable. @e a.e ere t e ar+ ety(e o& a ea.y !rou( on t e run, a (er&e+t e/am(le o& a !ame !oin! *o#n t e *rain be+ause o& &ailure to take t e most elementary *e&ensi.e (re+autions.

Dia.8

121

Dia.9

Dia.10

:e&ore !oin! on, it is #ort notin! t at @ ite +an li.e by (layin! 1 in <ia.$, instea* o& a. T is !i.es im sente, but is in+orre+t all t e same. :la+k " stren!t ens t e !rou( on t e lo#er si*e a((re+iably. @ ite a, aimin! un*er t e bla+k stones on t e ri! t si*e an* lea.in! t e !rou( on t e lo#er si*e in a more .ulnerable +on*ition, is a (lay #ell #ort takin! !ote to make. Sin+e #e are talkin! about atta+k an* *e&ense, it is interestin! to see # at a((ens i& :la+k be+omes o.erly a!!ressi.e an* (lays 1 in <ia.12, instea* o& t e keima at a. @ ite ans#ers #it " in <ia.11, an* (us es out into t e o(en # ile :la+k +ra#ls alon! t e t ir* line. T is time :la+k

Dia.11

Dia.12

is not makin! so mu+ territory on t e ri! t si*e, an* @ ite +an make !oo* use o& is #all by atta+kin! t e t#o stones on t e lo#er si*e. I& :la+k ans#ers @ ite " by (us in! t rou! an* +uttin!, as in <ia.1", @ ite is in a !oo* (osition to (ut u( a &i! t, sin+e :la+k as t ree #eak !rou(s to look a&ter at on+e.
124

<ia.13 s o#s t e &irst si/teen mo.es o& t e last e/am(le !ame in t is + a(ter. A&ter t e initial +orner mo.es, @ ite (laye* 1 an* 5 on t e lo#er si*e, an alternati.e to a s imari in t e lo#er ri! t +orner. :la+k ma*e a kakari at $, t en #ent to t e u((er le&t to buil* territory on t e u((er si*e. A&ter :la+k 1), @ ite ma*e a &i.e-line e/tension to 11. T e key to un*erstan*in! t is o(enin! turns out to be @ ite 12, sittin! &irmly on t e t ir* line.

Dia.13

125

I& @ ite a* (ut t is stone on t e &ourt line, as s o#n in <ia.1%, :la+k #oul* a.e &ollo#e* an entirely *i&&erent strate!y, (layin! " on t e ri! t si*e instea* o& makin! t e kakari at a. In*ee*, t is e/tension in &ront o& a s imari is t e normal mo.e to e/(e+t, an* t e rea*er may be #on*erin! # y it #as not + osen in t e a+tual !ame. :la+k " in <ia.1), o#e.er, .iolates t e (rin+i(le o& not (layin! in t e *ire+tion o& stron! stones. It is a !oo* mo.e as &ar as t e u((er (art o& t e boar* is +on+erne*, but it as (ra+ti+ally no a*.erse a&&e+t on @ ite 1. T at is, @ ite 1 is too stron! to be t reatene* by any bla+k e/tensions to#ar* it, but it is too lo# &or :la+k to a.e to #orry about @ iteCs makin! a lot o& territory by e/ten*in! u( &rom it.

Dia.14

Dia.15

12$

Dia.16 A&ter @ iteCs si/teent mo.e in t e a+tual !ame, :la+k #oul* a.e like*, amon! ot er t in!s, to in.a*e t e ri! t si*e, but t at #as out o& t e Euestion. I& e a* t e temerity to (lay 1 in <ia.11, @ ite " #oul* !i.e im somet in! to t ink about. T#o se(arate*, #eak stones like 1 an* , a.e no business bein! on t e boar* t is early in t e o(enin!. :la+k may t ink t at e is *estroyin! is o((onentCs territory, but e is !oin! to a.e is an*s &ull kee(in! is in.asion &rom turnin! into a sui+i*e mission, # ile @ ite *oes as e (leases. @ ite #as #ell a#are o& all t is # en e ma*e is e/tension u( t e si*e. An in.asion *oes make sense at t is (oint, but t e (la+e &or it is not on t e ri! t. I& #e t ink o& t e stron!, soli* (osition o++u(ie* by @ ite ., an in.asion t ere *oes not seem like su+ a !oo* i*ea a&ter all, e.en i& it +oul* be mana!e* #it out bein! +ut a(art by @ ite ". It *oes not (ay to try to &i! t a!ainst a stone like ..

112

<ia.14 s o#s a more (romisin! i*ea. :la+k be!ins by *e.elo(in! is #eak stone #it 1 an* 3, el(in! is o((onent, in a #ay, by remo.in! any (ossibility o& breakin! o(en t e ri! t si*e, but limitin! @ ite to a mo*est amount o& territory t ere, takin! a*.anta!e o& t e lo# (osition o& @ ite .. Ne/t, i& @ ite (lays %, :la+k in.a*es at ). :la+k 1 an* 3 make it t at mu+ ar*er &or @ ite to &i! t ba+k, an* alt ou! :la+k may not be able to +a(ture eit er o& t e t#o stones t at is in.asion +onies bet#een, e s oul* be able to kee( @ ite &rom makin! any territory at all on t e lo#er si*e.

Dia.17 In t e a+tual !ame, @ ite *i* not !i.e in so easily to :la+kCs ta+ti+s, but resiste* by (layin! 1 an* 3 in <ia.15 instea* o& % in <ia.14. T e (ur(ose o& t is +ombination #as to (ut a +uttin! (oint into :la+kCs &ormation, so t at @ ite #oul* a.e somet in! to aim at in t e &i! tin! a ea*B

111

Dia.18 t is, too is one o& t e te+ niEues o& t e o(enin!. :la+k, un*ismaye*, buttresse* is line #it %, 1, 5, an* 12, t en in.a*e* at 1", an* # at +ame ne/t belon!s to t e mi**le !ame. In +ase you are #orrie*, o#e.er, i& @ ite (us es t rou! an* +uts #it 1 an* 3 in <ia.1$, :la+k +an ans#er at %, an* all #ill be #ell.

Dia.19

11"

CHAPTE% 3
Ten Pro !e"s
(

It as amuse* us, in t e &irst + a(ter, to +olle+t an* +lassi&y some o& t e more +ommon mo.es an* s a(es o& t e o(enin!, an* in t e se+on*, to try to or!aniHe t e subDe+t on strate!i+ (rin+i(les, but #e a.e been a#are all alon! t at # at t e rea*er is !oin! to a.e to *o, # en it +omes *o#n to a+tual (lay, +an be best *es+ribe* as lookin! &or t e bi! (oints on t e boar* an* *e+i*in! # i+ is bi!!est. T eoreti+al kno#le*!e #ill el( im, but &or t e most (art e #ill a.e to rely on is o#n (o#ers o& .isualiHation, # i+ are best s ar(ene* t rou! e/(erien+e. T e &ollo#in! are ten o(enin! situations t at a.e +on&ronte* t e aut or or is o((onents at .arious times in t e (ast. Ea+ is (resente* as a (roblem, an* you are in.ite* to look at t e !ame *ia!ram an* sele+t your mo.e. On t e t ree (a!es &ollo#in! ea+ (roblem #ill be &oun* an ans#er *ia!ram s o#in! .arious reasonable + oi+es, ranke* &rom 12 (oints &or t e best mo.e *o#n#ar*s, an* some e/(lanation o& # at t e (roblem is all about. T ere are many times in t e !ame o& !o # en it is im(ossible to *e+i*e # i+ o& t#o or more likely-lookin! mo.es is better, an* t ere are many times # en one mo.e +an be (robably i*enti&ie* as t e best, but se.eral ot ers are +lose be in* in merit. T ere are also times # en #e sim(ly *o not a.e a +lueB no one +an (reten* to say o# t e &irst &our stones o& t e !ame s oul* be (laye*, &or instan+e. T is is # y !o a*mits so many *i&&erent styles o& (lay, an* remains &as+inatin! e.en to (ro&essional (layers. T e situations in t e &ollo#in! (roblems, o#e.er, are not o& t is .a!ue ty(e. As t e ans#er *ia!rams #ill s o#, t ere #ill al#ays be se.eral &airly !oo* mo.es, 74 (oints or abo.e8, an* t e rea*er s oul* +on!ratulate imsel& &or &in*in! any o& t em, but t e aut or *oes not a.e any !reat Eualms in rankin! t e best + oi+e #ell a ea* o& t e ot ers.

113

Problem 1
:la+k to (lay

11%

T e &o+al (oint o& t e !ame as it stan*s no# is t e unsettle* (osition on t e ri! t si*e. :la+k s oul* make a (in+er (lay at eit er o& t e t#o (oints marke* 12, atta+kin! t e # ite stones marke* . # ile &ormin! territory in &ront o& is s imari. I& you + ose to (lay one line i! er, at one o& t e (oints marke* 5 in t e u((er ri! t, you +an take +re*it &or &in*in! t e ri! t *ire+tion o& (lay, but you are bein! too timi*. Dia.1 A&ter :la+k 1, @ ite s oul* (us out into t e +enter #it " an* %, t en Dum( to 1, 7or, i& e (re&ers, kee( (us in! at a8. T is starts a &our-#ay &i! t bet#een t#o #eak bla+k !rou(s an* t#o #eak # ite ones. It #ill be *i&&i+ult, but :la+k as alrea*y stake* out is +laim on t e best !roun* by (layin! 1.

11)

Dia.1 Dia.2. :la+k 1, +a(turin! t#o stones an* tiein! :la+kCs &or+es to!et er, is an im(ortant (oint, but @ ite " makes @ iteCs (osition sa&e, too, an* robs :la+k o& territory on t e ri! t si*e. Dia.3. Similarly, i& :la+k (lays 1 an* 3, @ ite #ill e/ten* to %, #it not in! to &ear &rom :la+kCs +uttin! at a.

Dia.2
111

Dia.3

Dia.4 Dia.5 Dia.4. I& @ ite ans#ers :la+k 1 *ire+tly by (layin!, say, ", :la+k #ill +a(ture at 3. @ ite, is t ree stones on t e ri! t si*e san*#i+ e* bet#een t#o stron! bla+k (ositions, &a+es a *reary (ros(e+t. @ ite +annot (lay t is #ayB t e &i! t in <ia.1 is ine.itable. Dia.5. I& :la+k (lays on t e le&t si*e, 1 looks best, but t en @ ite #ill (lay ", %, an* 1, an* be one mo.e a ea* on t e ri! t si*e o& # ere e #as in <ia.1. Dia.6. For your re&eren+e, t e (osition in t e lo#er ri! t +orner arose &rom t is (in+er Doseki.

Dia.6

114

115

Problem "
:la+k to (lay

11$

T is !ame as starte* #it some ea.y a+tion in t e lo#er ri! t. @ ite as lost a +ou(le o& stones, but e as li.e* in t e +orner an* ma*e !oo* s a(e in t e +enter, an* t e &i! tin! in t at Euarter o& t e boar* is o.er &or t e time bein!. No# :la+k nee*s to enter t e u!e o(en s(a+e in t e u((er le&t, # i+ +oul* ra(i*ly be+ome @ iteCs territory i& le&t unatten*e*. Dia.1. 7+orre+t8 T e Doseki &rom 1 to ) #as ma*e to or*er &or t is o++asion. @ iteCs (ros(e+ts &or a lar!e territory su**enly .anis in t e &a+e o& :la+kCs (lays.

1"2

Dia.1 Dia.2. :la+k 1 ere is a bit o&& t e mark. :la+k *oes su++ee* in eliminatin! # ite territory on t e u((er si*e, but is o#n stones are #eaker t an in <ia.1, an* @ ite +an buil* on t e le&t si*e #it 1. :la+k as ma*e t e mistake o& (layin! a!ainst a stron! # ite !rou(, # en e s oul* a.e (ut is (ressure on t e #eaker stone on t e t ree-t ree (oint.

Dia.2
1"1

Dia.3 Dia.3. T ere are .arious ot er #ays o& (layin! kakari a!ainst a stone on t e t ree-t ree (oint, # i+ a.e been !i.en +re*it in t e *ia!ram on (a!e 111. To take one o& t em, i& :la+k (lays 1 ere, 75 (oints8, @ ite #ill ans#er at ", makin! territory on t e le&t si*e. :la+k 3 as little e&&e+t on t e # ite !rou( to t e ri! t, # ere @ ite . is stan*in! ro+k-stea*y on t e t ir* line. I& . #ere on t e &ourt line, o#e.er, :la+k 1 an* 3 #oul* be !oo* (lays. Dia.4. :la+k 1 ere is a lar!e (lay as re!ar*s t e lo#er si*e, but @ ite #ill take sente an* make a lar!er (lay on t e u((er si*e. Similarly, i& :la+k (laye* a or b, @ ite #oul* ans#er at %.

Dia.4

1""

Problem 3
:la+k to (lay

1"3

T e ob.ious &eature in t is (roblem is t e massi.e #all :la+k as ma*e in t e lo#er le&t +orner. @ at s oul* e *o #it itG He as alrea*y starte* +orre+tly by (layin! kakari at , B no# e s oul* kee( on by makin! a one-(oint Dum(, 712 (oints8, settin! is si! ts on a really lar!e area. A more +onser.ati.e e/tension *o#n t e le&t si*e, 7) (oints8, #oul* be too +lose to t e #all to be e&&i+ient.

1"%

Dia.1. 7+orre+t8 @ en :la+k (lays 1, @ ite s oul* res(on* imme*iately #it " an* %. :la+k +an a&&or* to (lay ), aimin! at t e in.asion at a. :la+k ) at b #oul* be an o.er-+on+entration o& stren!t in relation to t e lo#er le&t +orner. Dia.2. T is (osition +on&ronte* t e aut or in one o& is !ames. T e mo.e e a+tually (laye* #as 1 ere, an* # en is o((onent ans#ere* at " an* %, :la+k !ot a better result t an in <ia.1. Dia.3. :ut i& @ ite a* &ore!one t e usual (lay at % in t e (re.ious *ia!ram, an* sieHe* t e key (oint #it % in t is *ia!ram, kee(in! :la+k &rom makin! a*eEuate use o& is #all, e #oul* a.e a* t e lea*. I& you a((re+iate t e .alue o& @ ite %, t en you +an see t at :la+k 1 at a, 71 (oints8, (ro.okin! an imme*iate re(ly at %, #oul* be ba* strate!y.

Dia.1

Dia.2

Dia.3

1")

Dia.4

Dia.5

Dia.6

Dia.4. Per a(s you are #orrie* about @ iteCs (layin! 1 ere. T is may be+ome a serious t reat in t e &uture, but &or t e (resent @ ite is only +ommittin! imsel& to t e *e&ense o& a ea.y !rou( o& stones # ile re*u+in! is o#n +orner territory, 7assume :la+k a, @ ite 1, :la+k c, et+.8. A++or*in!ly, &or :la+k to (lay " be&ore @ ite !ets t e + an+e to (lay 1 is only a &i&ty (er +ent mo.e ri! t no#. Dia.5. 9omin! to t e ri! t si*e o& t e boar*, noti+e t at :la+k 1, e.en t ou! it is t e usual i*ea a&ter @ ite as (laye* ., is not a((ro(riate ere, be+ause :la+kCs (osition on t e lo#er le&t is o(en at t e e*!e o& t e boar*. Dia.6. It #oul* be better &or :la+k to atta+k in t is #ay, &or #it is out#ar*-&a+in! (o#er in t e lo#er le&t, e nee* not be a&rai* o& !ettin! into a runnin! &i! t. :ut :la+k 1 in <ia.1 is more im(ortant t an t ese mo.es.

1"1

Problem %
:la+k to (lay

1"4

In t is !ame :la+k is *e.elo(in! a lar!e territory on t e lo#er si*e, # ile @ ite is *oin! t e same on t e le&t si*e. T e (i.otal (oint in re!ar* to bot o& t ese areas is t e keima marke* 12 (oints. T e in.asion on t e u((er si*e, 74 (oints8, is a bi! mo.e, too, but i& :la+k (lays it no#, an* starts a runnin! battle, e is likely to en* u( by el(in! @ ite to make sure territory out o& t e le&t si*e. 9on.ersely, i& e in.a*es t e le&t si*e, 7% or ) (oints8, @ ite s oul* be able to se+ure t e u((er si*e # ile atta+kin! im. Dia.1. 7+orre+t8 :la+k 1 t reatens to make so mu+ territory on t e lo#er si*e t at @ ite is almost &or+e* to *o somet in! about it. @ ite a #oul* not be enou! 0 :la+k #oul* ans#er at 1. It is ar* to be sure o& t e best entry (oint, but @ ite " seems likely, an* t e mo.es u( to ) are a (ossible *e.elo(ment. :y atta+kin!, :la+k is takin! t e initiati.e in t e !ame. I& e be+omes stron! in t e +enter, e +an in.a*e e&&e+ti.ely at +. I& e !ets some stones in (la+e to t e le&t o& @ iteCs !rou( on t e ri! t si*e, t en :la+k d may assume some atta+kin! &or+e.

1"5

Dia.1 Dia.2. I& @ ite ans#ers 1 t is #ay, :la+k #ill (lay 3, ), an* 4, &ollo#e* by $, a, or 1, # i+ #oul* be more t an @ ite +oul* bear to see. :la+k s oul* not, o#e.er, (lay 3, ), an* 4 be&ore 1, sin+e t ey re*u+e t e .alue o& :la+k +.

Dia.2

1"$

Dia.3

Dia.4

Dia.3. :la+k 1 ere is an e/am(le o& ba* te+ niEue. Alt ou! it *oes buil* u( :la+kCs territory, it buil*s u( @ iteCs to an e.en !reater e/tent. I& :la+k a* (laye* 3 &irst, 7t e +orre+t mo.e8, an* @ ite (laye* ", :la+k #oul* not t en (lay 1. Dia.4. I& :la+k (lays 1 ere, or at a, b, or c, @ ite #ill !et t e key (oint #it ". T is aims into :la+kCs lo#er si*e, an* more im(ortant, see # at it *oes &or @ iteCs (ros(e+ts on t e le&t an* u((er si*es.

132

Problem )
@ ite to (lay

131

It s oul* be &airly +lear t at t e bi!!est (lay lies some# ere on t e lo#er si*e, so t e issue be+omes # at kin* o& e/tension @ ite s oul* make t ere. To be!in #it , sin+e t ere is not in! mu+ &or @ ite to aim at on t e ri! t si*e, t ere is no (oint in e/ten*in! on t e &ourt line. T at lea.es t e t ir* line, an* &or reasons to be e/(laine*, t e o!eima, 712 (oints8, is best. One (oint to t e ri! t #oul* be too meek. Fart er to t e le&t #oul* be too a*.enturous. Dia.1. 7+orre+t8 Sin+e :la+k as !otten #ell *u! in &ront o& @ iteCs s imari #it ,, @ ite must t ink about *e&en*in! is rear. @ ite 1 settles t in!s ni+ely. :la+k #ill t en take t e lar!e (oint in t e u((er le&t +orner.

13"

Dia.1 Dia.2. I& @ ite &ails to e/ten* on t e lo#er si*e, :la+k #ill (lay 1. @ ite as to *e&en* at ", or at t e (oint *ire+tly abo.e ". :la+k is e/(an*in! on a lar!e s+ale, # ile @ iteCs +orner is +learly +ram(e*. Dia.3. I& @ ite *ares to i!nore :la+k 1, :la+k 3 #ill &ollo#, an* @ ite #ill a.e to resort to emer!en+y measures >startin! #it a>to make some kin* o& li.in! s a(e.

Dia.2

Dia.3 b elsewhere

133

Dia.4 Dia.5 Dia.4. @ ite 1 ere is in t e ri! t *ire+tion, but it !oes a little too &ar. 9onsi*erin! t e bla+k stones nearby, @ ite +annot a&&or* to lea.e t e o(enin! at a. I& @ ite (laye* 1, :la+k #oul* (lay at t e t ree-t ree (oint in t e u((er le&t +orner, Dust as in <ia.1, but later. . . Dia.5. :la+k +oul* +ome +ras in! in at 1. I& @ ite ans#ers at a, e is ba+k # ere e #as in <ia.". I& e ans#ers at b, o#e.er, :la+k +an li.e un*erneat @ iteCs stones. Ha.in! alrea*y lost is + an+e to e/ten* u( t e ri! t si*e, @ ite +annot a&&or* to lose is territory on t e lo#er si*e, too.

Dia.6 Dia.6. T e atta+ ment at 1 is a bi! (lay, enablin! @ ite to take t e +orner, stren!t en is o#n !rou(, an* #eaken :la+kCs, but :la+k #ill lea.e is !rou( #eak an* (lay %.
13%

13)

Problem 1
@ ite to (lay

131

@ iteCs t#o stones on t e le&t si*e nee* rein&or+ement ba*ly, an* t e *ia!onal (lay, 712 (oints8, # i+ simultaneously atta+ks :la+kCs u((er le&t +orner, is best. T e one-(oint Dum(, 75 (oints8, is anot er !oo* (oint, but it as more to *o #it t e u((er si*e t an #it t e le&t. T e keima, 71 (oints8, #oul* +ause an o.er-+on+entration o& stren!t a&ter @ ite ma*e t e +orre+t *ia!onal (lay. T e ri! t #ay to atta+k t e t#o bla+k stones in t e lo#er le&t #oul* be &rom un*erneat , 74 (oints8. Dia.1. 7+orre+t8 @ ite 1 trans&orms @ iteCs &rail, .ulnerable t ree(oint e/tension into a robust, in.asion-(roo& (osition, an* at t e same time &or+es :la+k ", !i.in! @ ite t e + an+e to take t e lar!e (oint at 3.

134

Dia.1 Dia.2. I& :la+k lets @ ite 1 !o unans#ere*, @ ite atta+ks in earnest at 3. No# :la+k % *oes not #ork so #ell. @ ite (lays ), an* t ere is no #ay &or :la+k to emer!e # ole an* ealt y &rom is trouble* (osition.

Dia. 2

135

Dia.3

Dia.4

Dia.3. @ ite 1 is so lar!e a mo.e t at #e a.e a#ar*e* it $ (oints. It e/(an*s @ iteCs territory, (re.ents :la+k &rom e/ten*in!, an* aims at @ ite a, but it *oes not sto( :la+k ". Dia.4. T is is t e seEuel to :la+kCs in.asion in t e (re.ious *ia!ram. :esi*es makin! territory, :la+k is stren!t enin! imsel& so t at e +an in.a*e a!ain, at a. At t e same time, @ ite as a serious +uttin! (oint bet#een 3 an* 4, an* la+ks room &or t#o eyes on t e si*e.

13$

Problem 4
@ ite to (lay

1%2

A (us in! battle is !oin! on in t e +enter, an* @ iteCs ne/t mo.e s oul* be t e keima, marke* 12 (oints. Anot er (us , 75 (oints8, #oul* s o# t e ri! t t inkin!, but #oul* be too slo#. Dia.1. 7+orre+t8 A&ter @ ite 1, t e natural &lo# #oul* be &or :la+k to Dum( out to " an* &or @ ite to *e&en* t e u((er si*e at 3. Ne/t :la+k % is +orre+t, but @ ite 1 as ma*e t e +enter !rou( stron! enou! t at @ ite +an a&&or* to (lay ) on t e le&t si*e. Dia.2. I& @ ite *e&en*e* at 1 imme*iately, :la+k #oul* (us im #it ", et+., !ainin! !reat stren!t o.er t e le&t si*e. @ ite 3 to $, # ile ne+essary, #oul* be nearly .alueless be+ause o& :la+kCs stron! stones on t e ri! t si*e.

1%1

Dia.1

Dia.2

1%"

Dia.3 Dia.4 Dia.3. @ iteCs e/tension to 1 ere in.ites :la+k ". Sin+e :la+k as a et+. in reser.e, @ ite . is in some *an!er. Dia.4. :ut a&ter t e +orre+t @ ite 1, :la+k " is not so !oo*. @ ite *i.i*es :la+kCs t#o #eak !rou(s #it 3 an* ). I& ne/t :la+k (rote+ts t e !rou( on t e ri! t, @ ite a +a(tures t e one on t e le&t. Dia.5. Ho(e&ully none o& our rea*ers + ose @ ite 1 ere, a ea.y mo.e t at Dust (ro.okes :la+kCs +onne+tion at ". @ iteCs +enter !rou( is !reatly #eakene* by t is e/+ an!e, an* :la+k +an no# atta+k t#o stones on t e ri! t si*e, #it a, &or instan+e, instea* o& Dust one.

Dia.5
1%3

Problem 5
:la+k to (lay

1%%

@eak stones are t e key to t is (roblem. :la+k #ants to &in* some #ay o& stren!t enin! is !rou( +omin! u( &rom t e lo#er ri! t into t e +enter. Takin! note o& t e #eak # ite !rou( a*Da+ent to it, e s oul* make t e &ull e/tension on t e lo#er si*e, 712 (oints8. 6esser e/tensions in t e same *ire+tion, 71 or 4 (oints8, #oul* not *o t e tri+k. Dia.1. 7+orre+t8 :la+k 1 (uts @ iteCs !rou( on t e lo#er si*e in an uneasy (osition. T is automati+ally takes some o& t e (ressure o&& t e bla+k !rou( to its ri! t.

1%)

Dia.1 Dia.2. T e aut or #as @ ite in t is !ame. He +oul* see t at e nee*e* to in.a*e t e le&t si*e, so a!ainst :la+k 1 e (laye* kikas i #it " to !et is !rou( out o& imme*iate *an!er, e.en t ou! t at (ro.oke* a stren!t enin! o& :la+kCs (osition #it 3, t en ma*e a base &or imsel& #it % an* 1. :ut :la+k +ontinue* to atta+k #it 4, $, an* so on, kee(in! @ ite #eak # ile enlar!in! is o#n territories.

Dia.2

1%1

Dia.3 Dia.3. @ ite +annot a&&or* to let :la+k 1 !o unans#ere*. I&, &or e/am(le, e (lays " ere, :la+k #ill s ut im in #it 3. No# t ere is not in! &or @ ite to *o but (lay % an* 1 to li.e on t e lo#er si*e, but t is as a *istressin! e&&e+t on t e # ite !rou( on t e ri! t si*e. Dia.4. I& :la+k (lays 1 to make territory on t e le&t si*e, @ ite #ill !rate&ully e/ten* to ". No# t at is o#n #eak !rou( is out o& *an!er, e +an aim to atta+k :la+kCs #eak !rou(, 7startin! #it a, (er a(s8, an* +an easily enter one o& t e !a(s on t e le&t si*e.

Dia.4

1%4

Problem $
:la+k to (lay

1%5

Here it is im(ortant &or :la+k to e/ten* *o#n &rom is s imari, an* t e t ree-(oint e/tension on t e t ir* line is best. Dia.1. I& :la+k *oes not e/ten*>i& e runs out into t e +enter at 1, &or e/am(le>@ ite " is enormous. No# @ ite is t reatenin! to #re+k :la+kCs +orner #it a, an* on t e lo#er si*e e +an s#ell is territory #it 1. Dia.2. A&ter (layin! 1, :la+k nee* not be a&rai* o& @ ite "B in &a+t, e s oul* t ank @ ite &or !i.in! im a !oo* + an+e to (lay 3, t reatenin! t e +ut at a. On t e ot er an*, i& @ ite (laye* 3, :la+k +oul* (lay ".

1%$

Dia.1

Dia.2
1)2

Dia.3 Dia.4 Dia.5 Dia.3. A &our-(oint e/tension is Dust a bit too &ar, sin+e a # ite in.asion at JH +oul* easily materialiHe in t e &uture. On t e ot er an*, :la+k 1 at a #oul* be unne+essarily +autious an* too narro#. Dia.4" An* :la+k 1 ere #oul* lea.e @ ite a !oo* (oint at a. T ere #oul* also be t e lin!erin! (ossibility o& an in.asion at 1. Dia.5. :la+k 1 ere *e&en*s t e +orner, but @ ite still !ets t e bi! (oint at 1. Dia.6. Here is # at &ollo#e* # en t e aut or (laye* :la+k 1 in t is (osition @ ite #ent into a+tion on t e ri! t si*e #it ". E.en t ou! :la+k 3 #oul* a.e been better (laye* at 1, t e result on t e # ole boar* u( to 1) #as in :la+kCs &a.or.

Dia.6

1)1

Problem 12
@ ite to (lay

1)"

T e boar* as alrea*y been (retty #ell *i.i*e* u(, all t e bla+k an* # ite !rou(s are stron!, an* it is time &or @ ite to make t e last mo.e o& t e o(enin!. T e one-(oint e/tension on t e ri! t si*e is best. It may seem narro#, but it &ollo#s t e (rin+i(le o& kee(in! a#ay &rom t i+kness. Dia.1. I& @ ite ma*e one o& t e mo.es in t e le&t- an* al& o& t e boar*, 7) or 1 (oints8, is u((er ri! t +orner #oul* be in.a*e*. :la+k 1 an* 3 + allen!e @ iteCs *e&enses. I& @ ite lets :la+k +onne+t to t e le&t, e takes a bi! loss, but i& e sto(s :la+k #it %, :la+k +an li.e #it t e mo.es &rom ) to 11. In some +ir+umstan+es t is #oul* not be so ba* &or @ ite. He be+omes soli* an* stron! on t e outsi*e, an* i& t ere #ere any #eak bla+k stones aroun*, e +oul* re+o.er is loss by atta+kin! t em. :ut in t is !ame all t e !rou(s are sa&ely settle*, an* @ ite +annot a&&or* t e loss o& is +orner territory.
1)3

Dia.2. A .ariation. T is time @ ite (lays 1 *i&&erently, but :la+k still li.es. I& @ ite (lays a ne/t, :la+k ans#ers at b. Dia.3. Anot er .ariation. No# @ ite as ma*e a *ia!onal (lay #it ", an* :la+k as +arrie* on t rou! $. @ ite 12 kee(s :la+k &rom makin! t#o eyes, but :la+k (us es out at 11, an* @ ite +annot #in t e +omin! &i! t. @ ite 12 at a #oul* be better, to be &ollo#e* by :la+k 12 an* @ ite b, but t e (ossibility o& :la+k 11 #oul* remain, an* t e e/+ an!e #oul* be in :la+kCs &a.or.

Dia.1

Dia.2

Dia.3

1)%

Dia.4

Dia.5

Dia.6

Dia.4. 7+orre+t8 A&ter @ ite 1, t e in.asion at " *oes not #ork. @ ite 3, ), an* 4 are as be&ore, but no# @ ite +an blo+k :la+k 5 at $. :la+k (lays atari at 12 an* tries to li.e #it 1", but. . . . Dia.5. @ ite kills im. Dia.6. @ ite 1 an* 3 ere, 75 (oints8, #oul* also kee( t e +orner sa&e, but :la+k #oul* !et to e/ten* to %. :esi*es takin! .aluable territory alon! t e si*e, :la+k % aims on+e more at a +orner in.asion. @ ite 1 at a, 71 (oints8, or b, 7) (oints8, #oul* su&&er &rom t e same *isa*.anta!es.

1))

Dia.7. @e sus(e+t t at a lot o& our rea*ers + ose @ ite 1 in t is *ia!ram, but t is is one o& t ose times # en e.en a t#o-(oint e/tension is !oin! too &ar. For one t in!, t ere is not mu+ to be !aine* by !ettin! t is +lose to :la+kCs stron! !rou( in t e lo#er ri! t +orner. More im(ortant, :la+k +an still in.a*e at ". @ ite 3 o&&ers t e stron!est resistan+e, but :la+k (lays %, an* a!ainst @ ite ) e li.es easily #it 1, 5, an* 12. Dia.8. I& #e rea* t is li&e-an*-*eat (roblem out +losely, somet in! #e *o not a.e to *o to realiHe t at @ ite 1 is a ba* mo.e, it !ets Dust a bit ar*. @ at i& @ ite (lays ) t is #ayG A&ter :la+k 1 an* 5, @ ite +an atta+k #it $ an* 11. Dia.9. K( to 1$, @ ite is .ery +lose to makin! t e kill, but :la+k sa.es imsel& #it "2. I& @ ite blo+ks at a, :la+k #ill (lay 1 an* #in t e ra+e to +a(ture by one mo.e, a &a+t t at you +an .eri&y &or yoursel&.

Dia.7

Dia.8

Dia.9

1)1

OTHE% BOO<S ON GO G" :asi+ Te+ niEues o& Go, by Haruyama $-*an I Na!a ara 1-*an G1 Strate!i+ 9on+e(ts o& Go, by Na!a ara ?os iaki 1-*an G14 ,a!eCs Se+ret 9 roni+les o& Han*i+a( Go, by ,a!eyama 4-*an G1$ T e :reakt rou! to S o*an, by Miyamoto Naoki $-*an G"% En+losure 'osekis, by Takemiya Masaki $-*an G"1 T e <ire+tion o& Play, by ,aDi#ara Takeo $-*an G"4 ,atoCs Atta+k an* ,ill, by ,ato Masao $-*an G"5 6essons in t e Fun*amentals o& Go, by ,a!eyama 4-*an G"$ Ae*u+in! Territorial Frame#orks, by FuDisa#a S uko, $-*an G32 An Intro*u+tion to Go, by 'ames <a.ies I Ai+ ar* :oHuu+ G31 T e Se+on* :ook o& Go, by Ai+ ar* :oHuli+ G3" T e Po#er o& t e Star-Point, by Taka!a#a S ukaku $-*an G33 T e 9 inese-Style O(enin!, by ,ato Masao $-*an G%1 T e Ma!i+ o& Go, by 9 o 9 ikun $-*an ELE+ENTA%9 GO SE%IES
G12 Vol. 10 In t e :e!innin!, by Is i!ure Ikuro $-*an Gil Vol. "0 35 :asi+ 'osekis, by ,osu!i 1-*an I <a.ies G1" Vol. 30 TesuDi, by 'ames <a.ies G13 Vol. %0 6i&e an* <eat , by 'ames <a.ies G1% Vol. )0 Atta+k an* <e&ense, by Is i*a Akira $-*an I <a.ies G1) Vol. 10 T e En*!ame, by O!a#a Tomoko %-*an I 'ames <a.ies G11 Vol. 40 Han*i+a( Go, by Na!a ara ?os iaki 1-*an I :oHuli+

&ICTIONA%9 OF BASIC =OSE<IS> ; Ishida 9oshio> 6?dan

G"1 Vol. 10 3-% Point 'osekis G"" Vol. "0 3-% I )-3 Point 'osekis G"3 Vol. 30 5"4, %-% I 3- Point 'osekis

G%A&E& GO P%OBLE+S FO% BEGINNE%S> ; <ano 6?dan

Vol. 10 Intro*u+tory Problems Vol. "0 Elementary Problems Vol. 30 Interme*iate Problems Vol. %0 A*.an+e* Problems 7A(ril 1$5$8

GO :O%L&
A Euarterly ma!aHine #it +om(lete +o.era!e o& t e #orl* !o. #ree catalo$ o% boo&s and $o e'(i ment a)ailable on re'(est. Or*er &rom0 T e Is i Press, In+. Is i Press International 9PO :o/ "1"1 1%22 Nort S oreline :l.*. Tokyo, 'a(an :uil*in! A4 Mountain Vie#, 9A $%2%3 KSA 1)4