Mt s cp t d gy nhm ln

March 11, 2012 at 7:44pm

1. Phn bit gia to learn v to study - I go to school to learn English. (Ti n trng hc Anh Vn)- She is studying at Lycee Gia Long. (C y ang hc trng Gia Long.) Nhn xt: Hai ng t trn u c ngha l hc; nhng to learn (learnt, learnt) = hc mt mn g ; to study = hc (ni chung). Vy, ng vit: She is learning at Lycee Gia Long. Ph ch: to study cng p dng cho vic hc mt mn no, nhng vi ngha mnh hn: (to try to learn). V d: He is studying algebra in his room. (N ang mit mi hc mn i s trong phng.) 2. ALSO ,TOO ,EITHER (cng) a) Dch cu: Ti cng thch m nhc. I like music either. (sai) I also like music. (ng ) I like music, too. (ng ) b) Dch cu: Anh y cng khng yu ti. He doesn't love me, too. (sai) He also doesn't love me. (sai) He doesn't love me either. (ng) Phn bit:- Also v too dng cho cu khng nh. - Either dng cho cu ph nh. 3. AMONG - BETWEEN (gia ,trong s) a) Dch cu : B ta chia ci bnh cho hai a tr. She divided the cake among the two children. (sai) She divided the cake between the two children. (ng) b) Dch cu : B ta chia ci bnh cho ba a tr. She divided the cake between the three children.(sai) She divided the cake among the three children. (ng) - Dng between cho 2 th /ngi.

- Dng among cho 3 th /ngi tr ln. C) Dch cu : Vit Nam nm gia Lo ,Campuchia v Thi Bnh Dng. Vietnam lies among Laos ,Cambodia and Pacific Ocean. (sai) Vietnam lies between Laos ,Cambodia and Pacific Ocean. (ng) - Dng between cho gia cc v tr chnh xc r rng. 4. For fear of... & for fear that...(lo s rng, e rng, ngi rng) For fear of + V_ing Ex: I got into the house quietly for fear of waiting my mom up. For fear that+ S+ V Ex: I got into the house quietly for fear that I might wake up my mom. 5. Phn bit gia hear & listen Hy tng tng 1 cuc i thoi gia 2 v chng nh sau: -Did you hear what I just said? (Em c nghe anh va ni g khng?) -No, sorry, darling, I wasn't listening. (Xin li anh yu, em khng nghe.) Nhn xt:- Hear l nghe khng c ch , m thanh t lt vo tai mnh - Listen l nghe c ch , ch lng nghe Ex:- I think I hear someone trying to open the door. - I listen to music every night. 6. Phn bit gia See, Look & Watch - See : xem trong c ch , hnh nh t lt vo mt mnh, bn khng mn thy nhng vn thy - Look : nhn c ch , ngm nhn, bn mun nhn - Watch : nhn c ch 1 th g , v th thng ang chuyn ng Ex:- I opened the curtains and saw some birds outside. (Ti m tm mn v thy 1 vi ch chim bn ngoi)-->Ti m tm mn v thy, ti khng nh nhn chng, chng ch t dng nh th. - I looked at the man. (Ti nhn vo ngi n ng)-->Ti c ch nhn vo ng ta. - I watched the bus go through the traffic lights. (Ti nhn chic xe but i qua ct n giao thng)->Ti c ch nhn chic xe but, v n ang chuyn ng. 7. Phn bit Person/ Persons/ People/ Peoples - Persons : mt dng s nhiu khc ca person, c ngha trang trng v thng c dng trong vn bn lut, vn bn trnh trng, bin bo - People :+ Ngha thng gp l s nhiu ca person+ Cn ngha th 2 l dn tc - Peoples : s nhiu ca people khi mang ngha dn tc Ex:- The police keeps a list of missing persons. - They are persons who are escaping the punishment. - The English-speaking peoples share a common language.

- The ancient Egyptians were a fascinating people. 8. Phn bit gia Convince & Persuade - to convice : thuyt phc ai tin vo 1 iu g /ngh v 1 iu g - to persuade : thuyt phc ai lm 1 vic g Ex:- He convinced me that he was right. - He persuaded me to seek more advice. - I lost too much money betting at the races last time, so you won't persuade me to go again. - I convinced her that the symphony needed financial help. 9. AND v OR Dch cu: "C y khng n ung g trong mt tun." She did not eat and drink for a week (sai) She did not eat or drink for a week (ng) Dch cu: "Anh y khng lm vic chm ch v ti khng thch iu y lm." He did not work hard or I did not like it very much. (sai) He did not work hard and I did not like it very much. (ng) Nhn xt: - Dng or thay cho and trong cu ph nh. - Nhng nu ni 2 cu ring bit th dng and, khng dng or. 10. Phn bit gia TO COME & TO GO - He comes here by car.- He goes there by taxi. Nhn xt: Hai ng t trn u c ngha l ti, nhng to come = n (c ng t xa n gn); to go = i (c ng t gn ra xa) Ch : come in! v go in! u c ngha vo, nhng dng trong nhng trng hp khc nhau: - Come in! (bo ngi khc vo khi mnh trong phng).- Go in! (bo ngi khc vo khi mnh ngoi phng). 11. Phn bit gia TO PUT ON/ TO DRESS & TO WEAR - I put on my clothes before going out.- The girl who wears a purple robe, is my sister. Nhn xt: Hai ng t trn u c ngha l mc, nhng to put on ch mt hnh ng; cn to wear ch mt tnh trng. Vy, mun dch cu: "Ti ra mt ri mc qun o".

ng vit: I wash my face and wear my clothes.Phi vit: I wash my face and put on my clothes. PH CH: phn bit to dress vi to put on. C hai ng t ny u ch mt tc ng, nhng to dress (someone) = mc qun o cho ai, cn to put on (something) = mc, i, mang (qun o, nn, giy, dp...) Ex:- The mother dressed her baby.- She dressed herself and went out. 12. Phn bit gia Cause & Reason - What is the cause of your failure?- I have no reason for going there. Nhn xt: Hai danh t trn nu ch , chng ta c th phn bit c d dng: cause = nguyn do pht sinh ra hu qu), reason: l do (bin chng cho hu qu). Vy mun dch cu: "Ti khng c l do tr v." ng vit: I have no cause for coming back.Phi vit: I have no reason for coming back. 13. Phn bit v s dng cc t Say, Speak, Tell, Talk 1. SAY (ni ra, ni rng) l ng t c tn ng, ch trng ni dung c ni ra. Ex: - Please say it again in English.- They say that he is very ill. 2. SPEAK (ni ra li, pht biu) Thng dng lm ng t khng c tn ng. Khi c tn ng th ch l mt s t t ch s tht "truth". Ex: - He is going to speak at the meeting.- I speak Chinese. I dont speak Japanese. Notes: Khi mun "ni vi ai" th dng speak to sb hay speak with sb. Ex: She is speaking to our teacher. 3. TELL:cho bit, ch trng, s trnh by - Thng gp trong cc cu trc : tell sb sth (ni vi ai iu g ), tell sb to do sth (bo ai lm g ), tell sb about sth (cho ai bit v iu g ). Ex: - The teacher is telling the class an interesting story.- Please tell him to come to the blackboard.We tell him about the bad new. 4. TALK: trao i, chuyn tr C ngha gn nh speak, ch trng ng tc 'ni'. Thung gp trong cc cu trc : talk to sb (ni chuyn vi ai), talk about sth (ni v iu g ), talk with sb (chuyn tr vi ai). Ex: - What are they talking about?- He and his classmates often talk to each other in English.

14. Phn bit AT THE END & IN THE END a) Dch cu : C mt cn nh nh cui ng. There is a small house in the end of the road .(sai)There is a small house at the end of the road .(ng)

AT THE END: cui mt im hoc mt phn ca ci g b) Dch cu: Cui cng chng ti n c th trn. - At the end we reached the town. (sai)- In the end we reached the town. (ng) IN THE END: Cui cng ,rt cuc 15. Phn bit Alone, lonely, lonesome v lone. 1. Alone hm l mt ngi hay mt vt no ang ring l - khng c ai hoc vt g khc xung quanh.Lonely ( M dng lonesome) cp n s bt hnh do tnh trng n c gy ra. Ex: I like to be alone for short periods. (Ti thch c mt mnh trong nhng khong thi gian ngn.) But after a few days I start getting lonely / lonesome. (Nhng sau vi ngy ti bt u tr nn c n.) 2. Alone c th c nhn mnh bng All. Ex: After her husband died, she was all alone. (Sau khi chng cht, b y ch mt mnh.) 3. Alone khng c dng trc danh t. Lone v Solitary c th c dng thay; lone th bng by hn. Ex:The only green thing was a lone/solitary pine tree. (Vt mu xanh duy nht l mt cy thng n c.) 16. S khc bit gia "House" and "Home" Trong ting Anh khi ni "HOUSE" th ngi ta ch ni v mt kin trc, mt to nh, cng trnh xy dng, mt bit th... ni chung l khi dng "HOUSE" l ch vn vn mun ni v "bt ng sn" thi. Khi ni v "HOME" l khi ngi ta mun ni v "mt mi m gia nh". "HOME" l mt ni c ngi ta c tr trong , cn "HOUSE" th ch l mt bt ng sn khng tri gic v cng khng c ngha l c ngi trong . "HOME" l ci "HOUSE" nhng l ci "HOUSE" c ngi c tr trong , ni tm li th "HOME" l "MI M GIA NH", cn "HOUSE" th ch l "CN NH TRNG V TRI GIC" m thi. "HOME": - Ni c tr, mi m gia nh (ca bt c ai).Ex: I have (own) 5 houses, but my family and I only live in one house, and that house is my HOME. - Ni ca mt gia nh c ng.Ex: This mud hut is my happy HOME. - Ni sinh thnh hay t quc ca mt ai .Ex: Viet Nam is my HOME. - Ni sn sc ngi ta.Ex: That place is a HOME for the elderly. - Mi trng sng ca th vt.Ex: The jungle is where tigers called HOME. "HOUSE":- cng trnh kin trc, cng trnh xy dng - to nh, "building". "Ngi ta bn nh ch khng ai bn gia nh." = People do not sell "HOMES", they sell "HOUSES".

17. Phn bit No v Not

No dng vi danh t ,cn not dng vi ng t. Ex:- I no have a book. (sai)- I do not have a book. (ng )- I have not books on the table. (sai)- I have no books on the table. (ng )Ngoi ra ta c th chuyn i qua li gia not v no qua cng thc sau:- Not... + any = noNh l sau khi i th no nm v tr ca any. Ex:- I do not see anyone. ->I see noone.- I did not have any books. ->I had no books 18. Phn bit some v any Some v any c s dng trong kh nhiu trng hp .Tuy nhin, mnh ch ni cho bn bit cch s dng thng thng nht ca chng nh sau:- SOME s dng trong cu xc nh- ANY s dng trong cu ph nh v nghi vn Ex:I have some books.I don't have any books.Have you got any books? Trn y l cch s dng thng thng nht, tuy nhin cng c nhng ngoi l khi some c dng trong cu ph nh :+ Trong cc li mi:Ex: Would you like some coffee ? (mi bn ung c ph) + Trong cc cu hi nhng ngi hi bit trc kt qu:Ex:Trc khi hi mt ngi bn xem anh ta c tin khng nhng bn nhn vo ti anh ta v thy c nhiu tin trong , bn s hi :Have you got some money ? Cn nu bn thc tnh khng bit anh ta c tin hay khng th phi dng any. - Have you got any money ? 19. ARRIVE + IN hay AT? A) Dch cu: H ti sn bay lc 10 gi. - They arrived in the airport at 10.00 (sai)- They arrived at the airport at 10.00 (ng ) -->Arrive at dng cho ni nh (lng x ,sn bay...) b) Dch cu: H ti H Ni lc m. - They arrived at Ha Noi at night (sai)- They arrived in Ha Noi at night (ng) -->Arrive in dng cho ni ln ( thnh ph ,nc...) 20. Phn bit Wish v Hope 1. Wish - ng t wish c s dng khi bn mun chc ai gp nhiu may mn, hay chc mng sinh nht, iu cng ng ngha vi vic l bn mong mun h s gp may trong tng lai (thng lin quan ti mt s vic c th) hay bn mong ngi s c mt sinh nht vui v. V vy chng ta c nhng cu ni nh sau: Ex: I wish you a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year.(Chc mng l Ging Sinh v mt nm mi vui v. )

- ng t wish cn c dng trong trng hp bn mong mun ci g s xy ra d bn bit rng iu l khng th xy ra. Trong trng hp ny, ng t sau wish thng chia qu kh. Ex: We wish you could be here.(Chng ti c g bn c th y.) Ngoi ra, i khi ngi ta cn dng wish to theo cch ni hi mang tnh hnh thc thay cho want to. Ex: They were very much in love and wished to get married as soon as it could be arranged.(H rt yu nhau v mun ci ngay khi c th sp xp c.) 2. Hope - ng t hope thng l du hiu cho tng lai, nu bn hy vng lm mt vic g , bn mong mun lm vic , v bn d nh thc hin cng vic nu bn c th, khi bn dng ng t hope. Ging nh wish, ng t hope ny cng c th s dng vi TO. Ex: I hope to be a millionaire by the time Im thirsty.(Ti hy vng s tr thnh mt nh triu ph khi ti 30 tui.) - I was hoping to catch the 5.30 train and would have caught it, if Jennifer hadnt phoned.(Ti hy vng bt kp chuyn tu lc 5.30 v l ra ti kp chuyn tu nu Jennifer khng gi in cho ti.) Tuy nhin, khi c thm mt ch ng khc, sau ng t hope phi l mt mnh .Ex: I hope (that) she will like these flowers.(Ti hy vng l c ta s thch nhng bng hoa ny.) Ex:Her mother hoped (that) Judith would become a doctor, but her heart was always set on the stage.(M Judith hy vng rng c y s tr thnh bc s nhng tri tim c y lun hng v sn khu.) 24. Khc nhau gia "such as" v "as such" C nhiu ngi ngh rng as such thc ra l such as nhng b vit sai chnh t. Trn thc t, as such c hai ngha: Ex: I'm an English teacher, and because I'm an English teacher I hate to see grammar mistakes.(Ti l mt gio vin Ting Anh, v bi v ti l mt gio vin Ting Anh nn ti rt ght nhn thy nhng li ng php). Vn vi ny chng ta c th din t theo mt cch khc: Ex: I'm an English teacher, and as an English teacher I hate to see grammar mistakes. (Ti l mt gio vin Ting Anh, v vi vai tr l mt gio vin Ting Anh ti ght nhn thy nhng li ng php). - Tuy nhin, trong cu trn, ngi ni nhc li hai ln t an English teacher (mt gio vin Ting Anh). C mt cch ngn gn hn din t cu ny: Ex: I'm an English teacher, and as such I hate to see grammar mistakes. (Ti l mt gio vin Ting Anh, v vi vai tr ti ght nhn thy nhng li ng php). - Nh vy, chng ta s dng t such thay th cho t "an English teacher" xut hin ln th hai trong cu. Di y l mt vi th d tng t: Ex: She's an athlete, and as such she has to train very hard. (C y l mt vn ng vin, v vi vai tr y c y phi luyn tp rt vt v).

Ex: The film was a romance, and as such it had the usual happy ending. (B phim ny l mt b phim lng mn, v v nh th n c mt kt cc c hu nh thng thy). - Chng ta cng c th s dng as such vi ngha ging nh exactly trong mt cu nh sau: Ex: The shop doesn't sell books as such, but it does sell magazines and newspapers.(Chc rng ca hng khng bn sch, nhng n c bn bo v tp chWink. - He isn't American as such, but he's spent most of his life there.(Chnh xc th anh y khng phi l ngi M, nhng anh y sng gn ht cuc i .) * Such as (nh l ) th d hn nhiu; n c ngha ging nh like (nh) hay for example (v d nh). Ex: There are lots of things to see in London, such as the Tower of London, the London Eye and St. Paul's Cathedral. ( London c rt nhiu th thm quan, nh l Thp London, London Eye, v thnh ng Paul's). Ex; Many countries in Europe, such as France and Germany, use Euros. (Nhiu nc Chu u, nh l Php v c s dng ng Euros) 25. S khc nhau gia cc t "maybe, perhaps, possibly" v cch dng cc t ny . Tt c cc t ny t nhiu u ging nhau. C ba t ny u cho thy l mt iu g l c th xy ra, c th thc hin c, c th l c thc. v.v. Tuy nhin s khc nhau thc s v ngha gia cc t ny l khi chng ta dng cc t v trong nhng ng cnh c dng. Vi t maybe, chng ta c th ni y l mt t khng trnh trng, thng c dng trong ngn ng hng ngy, v d nh trong cu: Maybe we'll skip school today. Hoc l trong ng cnh: "Are you going to Anna's party?" " Hmmm... maybe." Sang t "perhaps", chng ta c th ni y l mt t lch s hn, khng qu trnh trng m cngkhng qu b b. y l mt cch trung dung din t kh nng c th xy ra, chng hn: "There were 200, perhaps 250, people at the theatre". Hay: "Perhaps we should start again". V cui cng l t "possibly". Chng ta c th ni t "possibly" trnh trng hn hai t trn, c bit thng c dng trong tha thun hay bt ng. Chng hn tr li cu hi: "Do you think he will apply for the job?", cu tr li c th l "Hmm. Possibly, possibly not". Hay: "He may possibly decide to apply for the job". Tm li, nhn chung l, mc d khng phi trong tt c mi trng hp, nhng nhn chung l c s khc bit khi dng: "maybe" l thn mt, khng trnh trng, cn "perhaps" l trung dung hn, khng thn mt m cng khng trnh trng, v "possibly" l hi trnh trng hn mt cht. 26. Come Back and Go back Go back v come back l trong s mt nhm cc cp t m s khc bit gia chng l trn c s v tr ca ngi ni. - Come dng khi ni ti di chuyn v pha ngi ni. Ti c th ni vi mt ngi khi ngi quay lng b i khi ch ti ang ng l Come back.

- Come cn c dng khi ni v v tr ca ngi ni trong qu kh hoc trong tng lai, v d: 'They came back to the restaurant ', hoc: 'Can you come to the party'? Trong c hai trng hp chng ta ni v v tr ca ngi ni. Khi k mt cu chuyn, chng ta cng c th xc nh v tr hnh ng ca mt ngi trong cu chuyn , v th come c dng cho di chuyn v pha ngi chng ta ang ni ti v go c dng cho di chuyn i khi ngi ni hoc ngi c chng ta ni ti. trong tng hp ny ta c th dng: 'He begged her to come back to him', hay: 'He begged her to go back to her family'. Tm li, Come l i v pha ngi ni hay v pha ngi m bn ang ni ti, v Go l i khi ni ngi ni hoc ni ngi m chng ta ni ti. 27. Phn bit gia suit and dress- My father has just bought a new suit. (Cha ti va mi mua b qun o mi.) - My mother wears a new dress. (M ti mc mt chic o mi.) Nhn xt: Hai danh t trn cn phi c phn bit cn thn: suit = b qun o ca ngi n ng; dress = chic o ca n b mc ngoi. Ch : dress cng p dng cho qun o ni chung; khi khng c s nhiu v mo t (dng cho c n ng ln n b) V d: - A man in full dress. - Evening dress. - Morning dress. 27. Phn bit Above v Over Above v Over so snh cng kh phc tp, chng u c nhng im ging v khc nhau. * Ging nhau: C above v over u c th dng din t v tr cao hn mt vt g khc. V d: - They built a new room above/ over the garage. (H xy mt cn phng mi trn nc gara). C above v over u c ngha l nhiu hn. V d : - Inflation is above / over 6%. (Lm pht trn 6%). - Children of 14 and above / over can be seen this film. (Tr em t 14 tui tr ln c php xem b phim ny). * Khc nhau: Tuy nhin gia over v above c mt vi s khc bit trong cch s dng. Above c s dng khi ta so snh vi mt mc c nh, mt tiu chun no . V d:

- The mountain is 2000 feet above sea level. (Ngn ni ny cao 2000 feet so vi mc nc bin). - Temperature will not rise above zero tonight. (Nhit ti nay s khng cao hn 0 u). Trong khi over ch c s dng vi s, tui, tin v thi gian m thi. V d: - He is over 50. (ng y hn 50 tui ri y). - It cost over $100. (Gi ca n trn $100). - We waited over 2 hours. (Chng ti ch hn 2 ting ng h ri). Khi ni v s chuyn ng t ch ny sang ch khc th bn ch c th s dng over. - They jumped over the stream. (H nhy qua dng sui). Thm vo over cn c ngha l ph ln. - He put a blanket over the sleeping child. (Anh y p chn cho a b ang ng). 29. Phn bit Particular, Special and Especial C 3 t special, especial, particular u c s khc nhau v mt ngha v cch s dng. - Special l mt tnh t thng gp, dng ch nhng vt, s vic, con ngi c c im hay tnh cht khc bit so vi nhng vt, s vic, ngi khc. Khi dng tnh t special, ngi ni mun nhn mnh n s khc bit so vi nhng ci bnh thng, thng thng khc (distinguished). Ex: You're a very special person in my life - never forget that.(ng bao gi qun rng em l mt ngi rt c bit trong cuc i anh). --> ngi ni mun nhn mnh em ch khng phi l mt ngi no khc - Especial t c s dng hn, ch trng hp ni tri, ng ch hn hn khi c so snh vi nhng trng hp khc. Hin nay, especial ch c dng vi mt s danh t nh value, interest... Especial thng nhn mnh s ngoi l (exceptional).Ex: The lecture will be of especial interest to history students.(Bi ging ny s c bit thu ht nhng sinh vin lch s) * Thng th ngi ta hay nhm ln gia hai tnh t especial v special v chng c ngha hi ging nhau, u ch s c bit nhng particular li mang mt ngha hon ton khc. Particular cng l mt tnh t thng gp, dng ch nhng c nhn, s vt, s vic c th, chi tit. Tnh t ny nhn mnh vo s c th (specific) ch khng phi s chung chung (general). Ex: There is one particular patient Id like you to see.(Ti mun anh khm cho mt bnh nhn c bit ny). Ba tnh t ny tuy c ngha v cch s dng khc nhau nhng hai ph t especially v particularly li c cng ngha c bit hn tt c (above all) v c dng nhm mc ch nhn mnh. Hai ph t ny cng ng ngha vi thnh ng in particular. Ex: These butterflies are noticeable in April and May, especially in these meadows. The road between Cairo and Alexandria is particularly dangerous at night. (Con ng ni Cairo v Alexandra c bit nguy him vo ban m). He loves science fiction in particular. (Anh y thch nht l truyn khoa hc vin tng). Cn ph t specially li c ngha l dnh ring cho mt i tng c th. Ph t ny c dng trong trng hp mun nhn mnh mt mc ch c th.

Ex: This shower gel is specially designed for people with sensitive skins.(Du gi ny dnh ring cho nhng ngi c da u nhy cm). This computer programme is specially designed for children with learning difficulties.(Chng trnh my tnh ny c lp trnh ring cho nhng tr em gp kh khn trong hc tp). My father made this model aeroplane specially for me.(B ti lm chic my bay m hnh ny ring cho ti). 30. CONTINUAL v CONTINOUS + Continual: lin tc lp i lp li (hnh ng c tnh cch qung) Eg: Please stop your continual questions (Xin hy thi hi lp i lp li mi nh th + Continous: lin min/sut (hnh ng khng c tnh cch qung) Eg: A continous flow of traffic(Dng xe c chy lin min bt tn) 31. CERTAIN v SURE + Certain: chc chn (bit s tht) +Sure: tin rng (khng bit chc, ni theo cm nhn, ngha l yu hn certain) 32. Bring / Take phn bit s khc nhau gia bring v take th bn nn da vo hnh ng c thc hin so vi v tr ca ngi ni. Bring ngha l "to carry to a nearer place from a more distant one" (mang mt vt, ngi t mt khong cch xa n gn ngi ni hn) Take th tri li "to carry to a more distant place from a nearer one" (mang mt vt, ngi t v tr gn ngi ni ra xa pha ngi ni.) Mi cc bn phn bit qua nhng v d ng v sai sau y: - Bring this package to the post office. (sai) - Take this package to the post office. (em gi hng ny n bu in nh!) (ng) - I am still waiting for you. Dont forget to take my book. (sai) - I am still waiting for you. Dont forget to bring my book.(Mnh vn ang i cu y. ng qun mang sch n cho mnh nh!) (ng) 33. As / Like Khi mang ngha l ging nh, nh, like v as gy khng t bi ri cho ngi hc. Quy tc d nh nht l chng ta hay dng like nh l mt gii t ch khng phi l lin t. Khi like c dng nh gii t, th khng c ng t i sau like. Nu c ng t th chng ta phi dng as if. Lin t as nn dng gii thiu mt mnh . Hy xem nhng v d ng v sai sau: - It sounds like he is speaking Spanish. (sai) - It sounds as if he is speaking Spanish. (Nghe c v nh anh ta ang ni ting Ty Ban Nha.) (ng) - John looks as his father. (sai) - John looks like his father. (Anh ta ging b anh ta lm) (ng) - You play the game like you practice. (sai) - You play the game as you practice. (Cu chi trn ny ht nh cu thc hnh n vy) (ng)

34. Farther / Further Chng ta dng farther khi ni n khong cch c th o c c v mt a l, trong khi further dng trong nhng tnh hung khng th o c c. V d: - It is farther when I go this road. (Mnh i ng ny th s xa hn.) - I dont want to discuss it any further. (Mnh khng mun bn v n su hn.) - You read further in the book for more details. ( bit thm chi tit th cc em c thm trong sch.) 35. Phn bit a lot/ lots of/ plenty of/ a great deal of v many/ much Cc thnh ng trn u c ngha tng ng vi much/ many (nhiu) v most (a phn). A lot of/ lots of (informal) = a great deal/ a large number of/ much/ many (formal). - Khng c khc nhau g my gia a lot of v lots of.Ch ng chnh sau hai thnh ng ny s quyt nh vic chia ng t. * a lot of + uncountable noun + singular verb a lot of + plural noun + plural verb* lots of + uncountable noun + singular verb lots of + plural noun + plural verbEx: A lot of time is needed to learn a language.Lots of us think its time for an election. - Plenty of c dng ph bin trong informal English. Ex:Dont rush, theres plenty of time.Plenty of shops take checks. - A large a mount of = a great deal of + non-count noun (formal English) Ex:I have thrown a large amount of old clothing.Mr Lucas has spent a great deal of time in the Far East. - A lot v a great deal c th c dng lm ph t v v tr ca n l cui cu. Ex:On holiday we walk and swim a lot.The gorvernment seems to change its mind a great deal. 36. Phn bit "another" and "other" Hai t ny thng gy nhm ln. 1. Dng vi danh t m c * an + other + danh t m c s t = mt ci na, mt ci khc, mt ngi na, mt ngi khc (= one more). Ex: another pencil = one more pencil * the other + danh t m c s t = ci cui cng cn li (ca mt b), ngi cn li (ca mt nhm), = last of the set.Ex: the other pencil = the last pencil present 2. Khng dng * Other + danh t m c s nhiu = my ci na, my ci khc, my ngi na, my ngi khc (= more of the set). Ex: other pencils = some more pencils * The other + danh t m c s nhiu = nhng ci cn li (ca mt b), nhng ngi cn li (ca mt nhm), = the rest of the set. Ex: the other pencils = all remaining pencils 3. Dng vi danh t khng m c * Other + danh t khng m c = mt cht na (= more of the set). Ex: other water = some more water* The other + danh t khng m c = ch cn st li.

Ex: the other water = the remaining water Another v other l khng xc nh trong khi the other l xc nh; nu ch ng l bit (c nhc n trc ) th ta c th b danh t i sau another hoc other, ch cn dng another hoc other nh mt i t l . Khi danh t s nhiu b lc bt (trong cch ni tt nu trn) th other tr thnh others. Khng bao gi c dng others + danh t s nhiu: I Don 't want this book. Please give me another.(another = any other book - not specific) I Don 't want this book. Please give me the other.(the other = the other book, specific) This chemical is poisonous. Others are poisonous too.(others = the other chemicals, not specific) I Don 't want these books. Please give me the others.(the others = the other books, specific) Trong mt s trng hp ngi ta dng one hoc ones ng sau another hoc other thay cho danh t:I Don 't want this book. Please give me another one. I don't want this book. Please give me the other one. This chemical is poisonous. Other ones are poisonous too. I don't want these books. Please give me the other ones. This hoc that c th dng vi one nhng these v those khng c dng vi ones, mc d c 4 t ny u c th dng thay cho danh t (vi vai tr l i t) khi khng i vi one hoc ones: I don't want this book. I want that. 37. Phn bit expect, hope, anticipate v look forward to (mong ch) 1. EXPECT: chng ta s dng ng t ny khi mun th hin s tin tng rng mt iu g s xy ra trong tng lai.[/B]Ex:- She expected him to arrive on the next train.(C y trng mong anh y v trong chuyn tu sp ti). 2. HOPE: ngha l hi vng.Ex:- He hopes that his favorite TV program would not be cancelled.(Anh y hi vng chng trnh TV yu thch ca mnh s khng b hon). 3. ANTICIPATE: ng t ny mang ngha a ra quyt nh, hnh ng v tin rng mt hnh ng, s kin khc no s xy ra.Ex:- He anticipated the fall in the stock market by selling all his shares.(Anh y tin rng gi c phiu s gim mnh nn bn ht lng c phiu ang nm gi). 4. LOOK FORWARD TO: cm ng t ny mang ngha hn hoan i ch mt iu no s xy ra trong tng lai.Ex:- He was looking forward to a long holiday once the contract was signed.(Anh y ho hc ch i n k ngh sau khi hp ng c k kt). Look forward to thng c dng trong phn cui khi vit th t - th hin s mong ch pha bn kia phc p li.Ex:- I look forward to hearing from you again.(Ti rt mong sm nhn c hi m ca anh/ch). - I am looking forward to getting information from you soon.(Mnh rt mong sm nhn c thng tin ca cu.) 38. Valuable v Precious (adj) - Valuable: qu gi, c gi tr; c bit nhn mnh n tnh cht him c nh khi ta ni "a valuable watch" (mt ci ng h eo tay him c hay "a valuable painting" (mt bc tranh qu) ...

- Precious: qu gi; nhng hm nhng g c gi tr thc t rt cao, rt t gi. Tnh t ny thng i vi nhng danh t ch cc kim loi qu, vng bc, qy, ... nh khi ta ni "precious stones" ( qu), "the pecious metals" (nhng kim loi qu)... - Khi ch nhng gi tr v tinh thn, ta dng precious vi ngha: c qu trng, c yu thng, ng trn qu... Ex: Fishing in the garden of my grandmother is the most precious memory of my childhood.(Cu c trong vn b ti l k nim ng ghi nh nht ca ti thi th u.) - Khi ni v tin tc, kinh nghim, nhng li khuyn, s gip ... ta dng valuable vi ngha: rt hu ch, ng gi, rt quan trng... Ex: Bond issues often contain valuable information showing how local communities evision their growth.(S pht hnh tri phiu thng cha ng nhng thng tin hu ch cho thy cc cng ng a phng hnh dung s pht trin ca h nh th no.) 39. Worth v Worthwhile (adj) - Worth: ng gi, c gi. e.g. This old book is worth four dollars. Cun sach c ny ng gi 4 la. - Khi hi v gi tr ca mt vt, ta c th dng worth i vi what hoc how much. e.g. How much / What is that piano worth? Cy dng cm tr gi bao nhiu vy? - Trong ngn ng thng m, ngi ta u dng ng t cost hi gi, thay v cu trc trn: How much / What does it cost? - Ta khng dng danh t worth ni v gi tr ti sn ca ai . Chng hn, khng ni: "The worth of her house is now excess of $800,000". Thay vo , ta dng danh t value: Ex: "The value of her house is now excess of $800,000." (Tr gi cn nh c ta hin gi vt qu 800000 - Worthwhile: ng gi, b cng, xng ng. Cu trc thng dng: worthwhile + Ving (xng ng b thi gian / b cng lm vic g e.g. Is it worthwhile visiting Las Vegas? C ng b thi gian thm Las Vegas khng? 40. Price - Cost - Charge (Noun) - Price v Cost u l danh t ch s tin bn cn mua ci g. - Price thng dng cho cc vt c th mua v bn: e.g. The price of eggs / cars (gi mua trng / gi mua xe) Oil price (gi xng du) - Cost thng ch cc dch v hay qu trnh; hoc gi c ni chung m khng cp mt mn tin c th: e.g. The cost of getting married (Ph tn cho vic kt hn) Production costs (Chi ph sn xut) The cost of living (Chi ph sinh hot) - Charge l s tin bn c yu cu phi tr dng ci g hoc c s dng mt dch v: e.g. Electricity charges (Tin in nc) There is no charge for parking here. Khng phi tr ph u xe y. - Price, cost v charge cng l nhng ng t: e.g. The tickets were priced at $25. (V c nim yt vi gi 25 ) Our trip didn't cost very much. (Chuyn i ca ti ti khng tn nhiu)

How much do they charge for a pizza? (H phi tr bao nhiu mua pizza n?) 41. Phn bit expand v extend 1. expand (verb) (lm cho) tr nn ln hn v kch c, s lng, hoc tm quan trng. (nh kim loi (metal), s lng ngi (number), t vng (vocabulary), size, mt h thng (system), mt sn nghip cng ty (company), hay ngha tru tng nh vai tr (role), lnh th t nc ...) 2. extend (verb) lm cho ci g di ra hn, thm rng hn, ln hn. (thng l ngha en, nh ci nh, ci hng ro, con ng, hay mt khu vc...). Ngoi ra, ng t extend cng c dng vi ngha "ko di hiu lc" ca mt th thc (visa), hay hn cht(deadline), thi gian s dng (tui th) ca mt my mc no . 42.Should have v must have Should have c dng ni v nhng vic khng hoc c th khng xy ra trong qu kh. Chng hn: I should have finished this work by now - ng l by gi ti phi hon thnh cng vic ny ri (m n gi ti vn cha lm xong). I should have studied harder for my exams - ng l ti phi hc chm ch hn chun b cho cc k thi ca ti. Trong c hai cu trn, ngi ni c th by t thi n hn, ly lm tic khng lm mt vic g . Chng ta cng c th dng should have din t nhng ngha v khng c hon thnh, thc thi. Chng han:He should have helped his mother carry the shopping. Cn must have c dng din t mt vic g trong qu kh m ngi ni gn nh bit chc. Chng hn nu bn thc dy vo bui sng v bn thy ngoi vn c t, bn c th ni:It must have rained overnight - Chc hn tri ma hi m hm qua. Chng ta hy th xem xt mt cu trong c c should have v must have: Jane should have arrived by now, she must have missed the bus - Jane ng l lc ny phi ti ni ri, chc hn ch y b nh chuyn xe but. Trong tnh hung ny, vo thi im ngi ni ni cu ny chng ta ngh l Jane ng l c mt ri nhng ch y li cha ti, v chng ta c th i ti kt lun l vic ch y mun hn l do b nh xe. 43.Phn bit cch s dng ca 2 t visa v passport. Xin c tr li nh sau: A passport is an official government document that certifies one's identity and citizenship. The passport serves two purposes: to regain entry to the country of citizenship (i.e. the United States) and is a requirement by many countries to gain entry to the country you are visiting. H chiu l quyn s nh m bn xin cp ti Cc xut nhp cnh ca nc m bn l cng dn. H chiu dng qun l cc ln xut cnh/nhp cnh ca bn. Mi ln bn xut/nhp cnh mt nc no , cnh st ca khu nc s ng du vo h chiu. H chiu cn l ni "ng" cc visa.

H chiu l giy chng nhn thng tin c nhn nh: quc tch, ngun gc, tn, ngy sinh , qu...m quc gia mnh sinh sng chng nhn (ging nh chng minh th). H chiu dnh cho vic i li gia cc quc gia. A visa is an official government document that temporarily authorizes you to be in the country you are visiting. Many countries require a visa to gain entry. The visa usually is in the form of a stamp IN the passport and is obtained from the country you are visiting. Visa l giy php nhp cnh vo mt nc no . Bn xin visa ti s qun hay lnh s ca nc bn mun nhp cnh, nu c cp, n s c cp di dng mt con du hay mt t giy dn trong h chiu hp l ca bn. Visa l giy php i n quc gia ni mnh xin n. 44.All v Every All v every u c dng ni v ngi hoc vt ni chung. C rt t s khc nhau gia hai t ny, ngoi s khc nhau v cu trc kt hp. Every c dng vi danh t m c s t, cn all dng vi danh t s nhiu * All children need love. * Every child needs love. Vi t hn nh (your, my, the .) All c th s dng vi cc t hn nh, nhng every th khng * All the lights were out. * Every light was out. (khng dng: Every the light) * I have invited all (of) my friends. * I have invited every friend I have. (khng dng every my friend.) Vi danh t khng m c All c th dng vi danh t khng m c nhng every th khng * I like all music. (khng dng: every music.) 45.Phn bit gia Cause & Reason - What is the cause of your failure.- I have no reason for going there. Nhn xt: Hai danh t trn nu ch , chng ta c th phn bit c d dng: cause = nguyn do pht sinh ra hu qu), reason: l do (bin chng cho hu qu). Vy mun dch cu: "Ti khng c l do tr v" ng vit: I have no cause for coming back.Phi vit: I have no reason for coming back. 46.TRUST - BELIEVE Trust v believe i khi cng c s dng thay cho nhau nhng cng c nhng s khc bit nht nh. 1. V mc :Trust mang ngha nhn mnh hn Believe. Mc tin ca Trust ln hn ca Believe. 2. V ngha: TRUST- c s dng vi nim tin tuyt i. Khi bn Trust someone c ngha l bn tin tng vo mt ngi no v t s tin vo nhng li ni v hnh ng ca ngi . N cng c ngha l bn ngh rng ngi ng tin cy. - S tin tng ny thng da vo mi quan h gn gi, lu di vi ch th c cp. - Trust mang tnh cht lu di, l mt nim tin tn ti theo thi gian. BELIEVE

- c s dng vi nhng hnh ng, li ni hay s vic c th hn, khng mang tnh cht hon ton, khng mang tnh cht tuyt i. - S tin tng ny c hnh thnh da vo mt l do, mt phn on no hay da vo nhng nhn nhn, nh gi ca bn hay ca mt ai ch khng da vo mi quan h gn gi lu di vi ch th c cp. - S tin tng ny mang tnh cht nht thi hn, ch gn vi mt hnh ng, li ni hay s vic nht nh no . V d:John: I left my wallet at home. Could you lend me some money? I promise Ill return it tomorrow! Mary: No need to promise. I believe that you will because I trust in you! Believe y l tin rng hnh ng return the money s c thc hin da trn l do l do Mary tin tng vo con ngi John. L do Mary tin tng John (trust) l da vo mi quan h gn gi, thn thit ca Mary v John. Chnh v tin tng vo con ngi John (trust) m Mary cng tin vo s ng x, vo hnh ng ca John, trong c hnh ng l will return the money. 47.Phn bit gia TO PUT ON & TO WEAR - I put on my clothes before going out. - The girl who wears a purple robe, is my sister. Nhn xt: Hai ng t trn u c ngha l mc, nhng to put on ch mt hnh ng; cn to wear ch mt tnh trng. Vy, mun dch cu: "Ti ra mt ri mc qun o". ng vit: I wash my face and wear my clothes.Phi vit: I wash my face and put on my clothes. Lu : phn bit to dress vi to put on. C hai ng t ny u ch mt tc ng, nhng to dress (someone) = mc qun o cho ai, cn to put on (something) = mc, i, mang (qun o, nn, giy, dp...) Ex:- The mother dressed her baby.- She dressed herself and went out. 48.Phn bit many,much,few,a few,little, a little Much + DANH T KHNG M C EX: Much milk, much wine, much rice, much cheese... Many + DANH T M C S NHIUEX: Many students, many books... Few + DANH T M C S NHIU A few Little+ DANH T KHNG M C A little EX: Few friends, few places....Little money, little milk... Phn bit FEW, LITTLE & A FEW, A LITTLE FEW, LITTLE : t m cha lm gA FEW, A LITTLE: t m lm g. V d:I have few friends and little money.Ti c qu t bn v qu t tin.Ngi ni ang than phin v tnh trng ca mnh. I have a few friends and a little money.Ti c mt vi ngi bn v mt t tin.Ngi ni c s bn b v tin m h cn. 49.

Phn bit As, Because, Since v For As, Because, Since v For u dng ch nguyn nhn ca mt hnh ng s vic no . Tuy nhin khng phi chng u mang ngha ging nhau m vn c nhng s khc bit nht nh. Trong bi vit ny, VietnamLearning s ch ra nhng im m ngi hc ting Anh cn lu s dng chnh xc.As c bit thng dng khi ngi nghe hoc ngi c bit l do ca s vic hoc khi iu khng phi l phn quan trng nht trong cu. * As he wasn't ready, we went without him. Mnh As thng ng u cu, dng khi vn phong tng i trang trng. Trong nhng tnh hung sung s thn mt th ngi ta thng dng So * He wasn't ready, so we went without him. * She wanted to pass, so she decided to study well. As v since C As v Since u ch l do cho mt s vic hnh ng no , vi cch dng tng t nhau * As he wasn't ready, we went without him. * Since she wanted to pass her exam, she decided to study well. Lu : Mnh Since v As khng th ng ring l mt mnh trong cu. Because Because thng c dng a ra thng tin mi m ngi c/ngi nghe cha bit, nhn mnh vo l do. Khi l do l phn quan trng trong cu, mnh because thng ng cui cu . * We had dinner after ten o' clock because dad arrived late. * He bought a new home because he won a lottery. * I read because I like reading. Mnh Because c th ng mt mnh * Why are you crying? Because John hit me. For Ta thng s dng mnh For khi mun a ra thng tin mi. Mnh For thng din t nguyn nhn mang tnh suy din( v s vic ny xy ra v s vic kia). N khng th ng u cu v cng khng th ng mt mnh * I decided to consult a doctor for I was feeling bad. * Something certainly fell ill; for I heard a splash. * All precautions must have been neglected, for the epidemic spread rapidly.