Embedded Systems & Wireless

Sensor Networks
Emil Slusanschi
University Politehnica of Bucharest
Computer Science and Engineering Department
emil.slusanschi@cs.pub.ro
Romanian real virtual communication Seminar. Brussels October 20, 2009 Emil Slusanschi
Why ES & WS(A)Ns?
Smart Dust
Romanian real virtual communication Seminar. Brussels October 20, 2009 Emil Slusanschi
WSN Present & Future
Todays WSNs are Tomorrows WS&ANs are
Highly specialised and purpose built for
One user
One application
One business case
Highly specialised and purpose built BUT for
Many users
Many application
Many business cases
Only Sensors Sensors & Actuators
Applications are still coarse Intelligent dynamic applications (many M2M)
Statically configured Dynamically reconfigured including the
protocol stack
Based on many proprietary technologies Based on a few standardised solutions
Island technologies, not openly connected
and accessible
Still islands, but openly connected to the
Internet and reusable
Sparsely deployed Ubiquitously deployed - scalability
Romanian real virtual communication Seminar. Brussels October 20, 2009 Emil Slusanschi
Sparrow
WSN node optimized for
low-power applications
Built around the Atmel
ZigBit
Contains:
On-board sensors
Memory
Speaker
Battery management
circuitry
Contiki OS
Romanian real virtual communication Seminar. Brussels October 20, 2009 Emil Slusanschi
Sparrow Power
Measures the energy
consumption of any
appliance
Voltage
Current
Active power
Easy integration with other
WSN nodes to form
heterogeneous networks
Monitored data is sent to
online repository
Romanian real virtual communication Seminar. Brussels October 20, 2009 Emil Slusanschi
Bird Watch
WSN monitoring software
Allows real-time monitoring of
heterogeneous multi-hop networks
Graphic display of real-time data
Log historical sensor data in a
database
Sends commands over the
network
Uploads acquired data to
online repositories
Romanian real virtual communication Seminar. Brussels October 20, 2009 Emil Slusanschi
WSN Energy Considerations
Limited available energy batteries
Trade-off: performance vs. availability
Processor most nodes have low power CPUs
Sensing subsystem low power usage
Radio transceiver main energy overhead
Romanian real virtual communication Seminar. Brussels October 20, 2009 Emil Slusanschi
Energy Harvesting
Technology opening new
possibilities in device
portability and application
functioning time
Well suited for powering WSN
nodes
No dependency on battery-life
Functioning time can be
prolonged indefinitely
Romanian real virtual communication Seminar. Brussels October 20, 2009 Emil Slusanschi
Energy Harvesting Sources
Vibration Harvesting
Cantilever structure attached
to a vibration source
Maximum energy at resonance frequency
Thermic Energy Harvesting
Uses the Seebeck effect
Works well in an environment
with temperature differentials
Photovoltaic Conversion
Affordable PV cells
Has the best efficiency over the two other
methods
P
A
V
T0
T1
Romanian real virtual communication Seminar. Brussels October 20, 2009 Emil Slusanschi
Monitoring & Reprogramming
Heterogeneous WSN monitoring/reprogramming
platform
All nodes run ported versions of Contiki OS
Measured parameters can be visualized online using
MonALISA
Allows data aggregation from multiple WSN
networks that may even be geographically distinct
Client
Repository
Control
Module
ApMon
WSN
Gather
WSN
Control
WSN
Gateway
MonALISA Server PC
Data
Commands
Romanian real virtual communication Seminar. Brussels October 20, 2009 Emil Slusanschi
Testbed
Nodes Gateways Monitoring
Sparrow
Avr-Raven
Sparrow Power
NGW100
PC+RavenUSB
Sensinode
Romanian real virtual communication Seminar. Brussels October 20, 2009 Emil Slusanschi
SENSEI FP7 IP
www.sensei-project.eu
Romanian real virtual communication Seminar. Brussels October 20, 2009 Emil Slusanschi
Intelligent City Example
Other sensor-rich application spaces: Transport, Building & Home, Asset
Management, Security, Entertainment, Healthcare & Wellbeing
Romanian real virtual communication Seminar. Brussels October 20, 2009 Emil Slusanschi
?
Thank you
www.cs.pub.ro