ANSWER KEY

Practice Papers EC
Practice Paper-A
1. 2. 3. 4. 5, 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
D B A D A B B A B D C B B B B
16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
C C B D D C A D C C A B A B A
31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
B C D C C B C B B A B A B B B
46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60.
C C B B D C B D D B B C C C B
61. 62. 63. 64. 65. . .
B C C D A
Practice Paper-B
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
C B B A C C D C A B D B B B B
16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
B A B A B A B C A D D D A C C
31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
C C B B D C A C B A C A D A A
46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60.
B C B A A D B C A D B B B C C
61. 62. 63. 64. 65. . .
A A C A D
Practice Paper-C
1. 2. 3. 4. 5, 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
D B D C A A A C A C D D C D D
16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
D C D B B A C D A A C D C A B
31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
C C D A D C A B C A C C C C B
46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60.
D A B A B D B B B B A D B D B
61. 62. 63. 64. 65. . .
C C D D A
Practice Paper-D
1. 2. 3. 4. 5, 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
A A A B A D D A C D A A B D B
16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
B B B B B C A B A D B B C C C
31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
C B A C A A B C A A C D B B D
46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60.
C D B D D B A D B C C D B D C
61. 62. 63. 64. 65. . .
C A D D B
Practice Paper-E
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
A D C C B C B B C B C B C A A
16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
B B B B B C D B D C C B D B C
31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
B A C C C D A C B D C B B D B
46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60.
C A B D A B C A A C B A A A D
61. 62. 63. 64. 65. . .
C D B D D
SOLUTIONS
EC_Practice Paper A
SOL 1.1 Option (C) is correct.
We have
Z [ ] [ ( ) A BC D EF A BC D E F = + + + + + +
[ ] [ ] A BC EF D A BC D EF
X Y X
Y
= + + + + + +
1 2 3 44 44
S SS
( )( ) X Y X Y = + +
X A BC = = =
For 0, A Z BC = =
SOL 1.2 Option (B) is correct.
p(heart)
52
13
4
1
= = ,
I 4 2 log
2
= = bits
SOL 1.3 Option (B) is correct.
The processing gain is given as

R
W
500 = or 27 dB
The /J
b 0
required to obtain an error probability of 10
5
for binary PSK is 9.5 dB.
Hence, the jamming margin is

P
J
av
av
dB
b l

R
W
J
dB
b
dB 0

=
b a l k
27.95 = or 17.5 dB
SOL 1.4 Option (A) is correct.

Z Z
Z Z
L
L
0
0
=
+

j
j
75 25 60
75 25 60
=
+ +
+
0.212 48.55c + =
s
1
1

+

.
.
1.538
1 0 212
1 0 212
=

+
=
SOL 1.5 Option (C) is correct.
G
d
4
U
U
r
P
P
ave rad
ave 2
= =
P
ave

4 r
G P
d rad
2
#

=
( )
1.32 / mW m
4 60 10
10 15 10
.
3 2
3 6 3
2
#
# #

= =
SOL 1.6 Option (A) is correct.
Page 2 EC_Practice Paper A Chapter 1
We know that
adj(adj A) . A A
n 2
: =

Here 3 n = , and A 3 =
So, ( ) A adj adj 3 3 A A
( ) 3 2
: = =

.
SOL 1.7 Option (D) is correct.
Let I ( ) log tanx dx
0
2
=

#
...(i)
I log tan x dx
2
0
2

a k
#
I ( ) log cot x
0
2
=

# ...(ii)
Adding (1) and (2), we get
2I [ ( ) ( ) log tan log cot x x dx
0
2
= +

#
( . ) log tan cot x x dx
0
2
=

#
log dx I 1 0 0
0
2
& = = =

#
SOL 1.8 Option (C) is correct.
Let 0.4 p
1
= , 0.3 p
2
= , 0.2 p
3
= and 0.1 p
4
= P(the gun hits the plane)
P = (the plane is hit at least once)
1 P = (the plane is hit in none of the shots)
1 (1 )(1 )(1 )(1 ) p p p p
1 2 3 4
=
1 (0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9) (1 0.3024) 0.6976
# # #
= = =
SOL 1.9 Option (A) is correct.
0 P 4: = , 0 P
P
u
x
z
y
4
2
2
!
#
=
P is a possible EM field
0 Q 4: = , [10 ( 2 )] 0 cos t Q u
1
z
4
2
2
!

#
=
Q is a possible EM field
R 4: ( ) cot
sin
1
3 0
2
2
2
!

= ,
R is not an EM field.
S 4: ( )
( )
sin
sin
sin
r
t r
r
1
6 0
2
2
2
2
!

=
S is not an EM field.
SOL 1.10 Option (B) is correct.
P
XX

( )
2
1
1
6
2 3
2

=
+
3
3

#
Page 3 EC_Practice Paper A Chapter 1

( ) ( )
( ) tan
6
4 1 8 1
8
1
2 2 2
1
0

=
+

+
+
+
3

' 1

8
3
=
SOL 1.11 Option (D) is correct.
Initially plot has slope of 40 dB/decade so there must be two zero at origin. At
10 = slope changes to -60 dB/decade from 40 dB/decade. So there must be 5
pole at 10 = . Thus transfer function must be of the form
( . ) s
Ks
1 0 1
5
2
=
+
. The 40
dB/decade line will cross 1 = at 0 dB,
20logK 60 = 1000 K & = ,
SOL 1.12 Option (B) is correct.
Closed loop transfer function is
( ) T s
( )
( )
G s
G s
1
=
+

( ) ( )
( )
K s s K
K s
1 3 2
1
2
2
=
+ + + +
+

K
K
K
K
1 0
2 0
1
2
>
>
>
>
&
&
+
+

4 1 K > &
SOL 1.13 Option (B) is correct.
( ) T s
s s
s
s
s
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2

=
+ +
=
+
+
+
Thus an equivalent system has ( ) G s
s 1
1
2
=
+
and ( ) H s s = . For this function
root-locus is (B).
SOL 1.14 Option (C) is correct.
[ ] X k ( )
T
x t e dt
T
Ae dt
1 1
/
/
/
/
jk t
T
T
jk t
T
T
2
2
4
4
o o
= =

# #

T
A
jk
e
o
jk t
T
T
4
4
o

; E
sin
k
A k
2

=
b l
SOL 1.15 Option (B) is correct.
( ) X z ( ) z z 3
3
1 n
n n
n
1
1
1
= =
3
3

=
b l
/ /
, 3
z
z
z
1
<
3
1
3
1
=

z
z
3
=

SOL 1.16 Option (B) is correct.

[ ] y n {1, 4, 2, 4, 1} =
Page 4 EC_Practice Paper A Chapter 1
SOL 1.17 Option (A) is correct.
( ) x t 1 = ,
E
3
( ) x t dt
2
3 = =
3
3

#
So this is a power signal not a energy.
P
3
( ) 1 lim
T
x t dt
2
1
T
T
T 2
= =
"3

#
SOL 1.18 Option (B) is correct.
Step size
.
10
999
9 99
= = mV
0110 1001 0101
6 9 5
& 6.95 10
#
m 6.95 = V
SOL 1.19 Option (A) is correct.
The truth table is as shown below
A B X Y
1 1 0 1
1 0 0 1
SOL 1.20 Option (B) is correct.
Y ( ( )) A B C AB AC = + +
[( )( )] AB AC A B A C = + + +
( ) AB AC A AC AB BC AB = + + + + =
SOL 1.21 Option (A) is correct.
In the circuit
V
GS
0.5 1 V V
G S
= = V
V
DS
0.5 0.5 0 V V
D S
= = = V
V
( ) DS sat
1 0.4 0.6 V V
GS TH
= = = V
Here, V V <
( ) DS DS sat
and V V >
GS TH
So, M
1
is in linear (triode) region
SOL 1.22 Option (B) is correct.
When 2 V v >
i
, output is positive. When 2 V v <
i
, output is negative. The waveform
is as shown below
Page 5 EC_Practice Paper A Chapter 1
Duty cycle
t
t
2 3
1
ON 6
5
6

= =

=

SOL 1.23 Option (C) is correct.
During positive cycle when 8 v <
i
V, both diode are OFF v v
o i
= . For 8 v >
i
V,
8 v
o
= V, D
1
is ON. During negative cycle when 6 v <
i
V, both diode are OFF,
v v
o i
= . For 6 v >
i
V, D
2
is on 6 v
o
= V.
SOL 1.24 Option (D) is correct.
Power P vi =
2 2 i i i
x x x
2
#
= =
i
x
4 = A, 32 P = W (absorb)
SOL 1.25 Option (A) is correct.
SOL 1.26 Option (D) is correct.
W
( )
e
V V
N N
2
1 1 s bi R
a a
2
1

=
+
+
: D
) 3

W
W
B
A

( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
V V
V V
N N
N N
N N
N N
bib R
bia R
aB dB
aA dA
aA dB
aB dB
2
1
=
+
+
+
+
= G
V
bi
ln V
n
N N
i
i
a d
2
=
c m
V
biA
0.0259
.
0.754 l
2 25 10
10 10
n
20
18 15
#
#
= =
c m
V
V
biB
0.0259
.
0.814 l
2 25 10
10 10
n
20
18 16
#
#
= =
c m
V

W
W
B
A

.
.
5 814
5 754
10 10
10 10
10
10
18 16
18 15
15
16
2
1
=
+
+
b c c l m m = G
3.13 =
SOL 1.27 Option (A) is correct.
The small-signal equivalent circuit is shown in fig.
Page 6 EC_Practice Paper A Chapter 1
v
o
( ), g v R R v v
m gs D L i gs
= =
A
v
( ) ( )( ) .
v
v
g R R 2 4 44 m 5k 4k
i
o
m D L
= = = =
SOL 1.28 Option (C) is correct.
V
SD
V
SG
= ,
I
D
( )
k
L
W
V V
2
'
p
GS TP
2
= +
10
4
(2.5 1.5) 32 m
W
W
2
25
4
2
& = =
b b l l
SOL 1.29 Option (C) is correct.
Full wave rectifier
v
s
120 2 60 sin v t
s
= = V
v
max
120 0.7 119.3 = = V
v
rip
119.3 100 19.3 = = V
C
( ) . .
.
20.6 F
fkv
v
2
2 60 2 5 10 14 4
119 3
max
rip
3
# #
= = =
SOL 1.30 Option (C) is correct.
For each successive gate, that has a transistor in saturation, the current required is
I
( ) B sat

I
R
V V
( ) ( ) C sat
C
CC CE sat

= =


( )
.
0.15
50 640
5 0 2
=

= mA
For n attached gate I nI
( ) o B sat
=
To assure no logic error
V
o
3.5 V I R V >
CC o C H
= = V

.
n
R I
V 3 5
( ) C B sat
CC
#


( . )
.
15.6 15
m
n
640 0 15
5 3 5
& # =

=
SOL 1.31 Option (C) is correct.
LHLD 3000H ;(3000A) " HL = 3002H
MOV E, M ; (3002H) " E = 00
INX H ; HL + 1 " HL = 3003H
MOV D, M ; M " D = (3003H) = 02H
LDAX D ; (DE) " A = (3000H) = 02H
MOV L, A ; A " L = 02H
INX D ; DE+1 " DE = 3001H
LDAX D ; (DE) " A = (3001) = 30H
Page 7 EC_Practice Paper A Chapter 1
MOV H, A ; A " H = 30H
Hence HL pair contain 3002H.
SOL 1.32 Option (C) is correct.
Let I ( ) cos sin x xdx f x dx
m n
0 0
= =

# #
Where ( ) f x cos sin x x
m n
=
( ) f x ( ) ( ) cos sin x x x
m n
=
( ) ( ) cos sin x x
m n
=
cos sin x x
m n
= , if m is odd
I cos sin x xdx 0
m n
0
= =

# , if m is odd
SOL 1.33 Option (B) is correct.
Let ( ) cos f z z = then ( ) f z is analytic within and on 3 z = , now by Cauchys
integral formula
( ) f z
0

2
( )
i z z
f z
dz
1
c
0

#
( )
2 ( )
z z
f z dz
if z
c
0
0
&

= #
take ( ) , 1 cos f z z z
0
= = , we have

cos
z
z
dz
1
z 3

=
# 2 (1) 2 2 cos if i i = = =
SOL 1.34 Option (B) is correct.
Here ( , ) f x y , 0, 0 x y x y
2
0 0
= + = =
We have, by Picards method
y ( , ) y f x y dx
o
x
x
0
0
= +
#
The first approximation to y is given by
y
( ) 1
( , ) ( , ) y f x y dx f x dx 0 0
x
x
x
0 0
0 0
= + = +
# #
0 xdx
x
2
x
2
0
= + =
#
The second approximation to y is given by
y
( ) 1
( , ) ( , ) y f x y dx f x dx 0 0
x
x
x
0 0
0 0
= + = +
# #
xdx
x
0
2
x
2
0
= + =
#
The second approximation to y is given by
y
( ) 2
( , ) , y f x y dx f x
x
dx 0
2
( )
x
x
x
0
1
2
0 0
= + = +
b l # #
x
x
dx
x x
4 2 50
x
4 2 5
0
= + = +
b l #
The third approximation is given by
y
( ) 3
( , ) y f x y dx
( )
x
x
0
2
0
= +
#
Page 8 EC_Practice Paper A Chapter 1
0 , f x
x x
dx
2 20
x
2 5
0
= + +
b l #
x
x x x
dx
4 400 40
2
x
4 10 7
0
= + + +
b l #

x x x x
2 20 160 4400
2 5 8 11
= + + +
SOL 1.35 Option (C) is correct.
( ) T s
( )
( )( )
s s
s s
1
1
10 3
1
2

=
+

+ +

( )
( )
( )
s s s
s
s s s
1
10 29
10 3
10 29
1
2
2

=
+
+ +
+
+ +
( ) ( ) H s G s
( )
( )
s s s
s
10 29
10 3
2

=
+ +
+
(A) is not a valid root-loci because all root-loci ends on a zero. (B) is also not a
valid root-loci because loci exist to the left of even number of pole.
Characteristic equation is
10 (29 10 ) 30 s s s
3 2
+ + + + 0 =
s
3
1 29 10 +
s
2
10 30
s
1
29 7 +
s
0
30
For 0 # root-loci does not intersect the imaginary axis.
SOL 1.36 Option (D) is correct.
SOL 1.37 Option (A) is correct.
Routh table is as shown below

( ) P s 6 6 s
4
= ,
Page 9 EC_Practice Paper A Chapter 1

( )
ds
dP s
24s
3
= ,
There is two sign change from the s
4
row down to the s
0
row. So two roots are on
RHS. Because of symmetry rest two roots must be in LHP. From s
6
to s
4
there is
1 sign change so 1 on RHP and 1 on LHP.
Total LHP 3 root, RHP 3 root .
SOL 1.38 Option (C) is correct.
( ) x t
1
6 (100 ) (200 ) sin cos c t t =
( ) X f
1
is convolution of two signals whose spectrum covers 50 f ! = Hz and 100 !
Hz. So convolution extends over 150 f = Hz and sampling rate 2 300 N f
1
= = Hz
( ) x t
2
10 (100 ) sinc t
2
=
Taking Fourier transform
( ) x f
2
0.1tri
f
100
=
b l
B 100 = Hz
Sampling rate 2 200 N B
2
= = Hz

N
N
2
1

200
300
2
3
= =
SOL 1.39 Option (B) is correct.
Exponential series of ( ) g t is
( ) g t X e
m
j t
n
0
=
3
3

=
/
Fundamental period 2 T
0
=

0

2 2
T 2
0

= = =
Coefficient X
m
is given by
X
m
( )
T
g t e te dt
1
2
1 j t
T
j t
0 0
2
0
0
= =

# #
For 0 m =
X
0
tdt
2
1
1
0
2
= = #
For 0 m >
X
m
te dt
2
1 jm t
0
2
=

#

( )
e
jm
t
jm
2
1 1 jm t
2
0
2

; = E G
Page 10 EC_Practice Paper A Chapter 1
( ) e
jm
m m
2
1 2 1
1
1 2 j m
2 2 2 2

+

b b l l ; E ) 3
e
2 j m
( 2 ) ( 2 ) 1 .0 cos sin m j m j = + = +
So, X
m
( )
jm
m m
2
1
1
2 1 1
2 2 2 2

+
: D
X
m

m
j
m
e
j
2

= =

SOL 1.40 Option (A) is correct.

( ) x t 5 [ ( 1) ( )] rect
t
t t
2
= + +
* a k
by convolution property
( ) ( ) g t t t
0

*
( ) g t t
0
=
so ( ) x t 5 ( 1) 5 ( )
t
t
t
t
2 2
rect rect = + +
* * a a k k
( ) x t 5 5
t t
2
1
2
rect rect =
+
+
b a l k
x
2
1
b l
5 5
4
3
4
1
rect rect = +
b b l l
5(0) 5(1) 5 = + =
SOL 1.41 Option (C) is correct.
Let Thevenin equivalent of both network
P
R R
v
R
TH
TH
2
=
+
a k
Pl
R
R
v
R
2
TH
TH
2
=
+
f p
4
R R
v
R
2
TH
TH
2
=
+
a k
Thus 4 P P P < < l
SOL 1.42 Option (A) is correct.
Thevenin equivalent across the inductor for 0 t > can be obtain as
Page 11 EC_Practice Paper A Chapter 1
by applying node equation
i
s
0.01
( )
v
v v v
100
x
s a in
= +
+
100i
s
1.v v v v
a s a in
= + +
v
s
100 v i
in s
= +
For thevenins equivalent circuit
v
s
v i R
th s th
= +
So, v
th
10 v
in
= = V, (for 0 t > )
R
th
100 =
for 0, (0 ) 0 t i <
L
=

( ) i
L
3 0.1
100
10
=

= A
( ) i t
L
0.1 , e 1
t
=

6 @ where " time constant

R
L
100
20 10
th
3
#
= =

So, ( ) i t
L
0.1[1 ] e
t 5000
=

( 0.1 0.1 ) e
t 5000
= +

A
SOL 1.43 Option (D) is correct.
The equivalent circuit of coupled coil is shown in figure below

M
L L M
1 2
2

( )
k
L L k 1
1 2
2
=

Page 12 EC_Practice Paper A Chapter 1

.
. . ( . )
0.27
0 5
0 12 0 27 1 05
2
#
= =
Output is zero if
0.27
0
j
jC

+ =
C
0.27
33.33 F
1
2

= =
SOL 1.44 Option (A) is correct.
V
1
0.5 2( ) V I I I aI
1 1 1 2 1
= + + + +
& V
1
(6 2 ) 4 a I I
1 2
= + + ...(i)
V
2
2( ) I I aI
1 2 1
= + +
& V
2
(2 ) 2 a I I
a 2
= + + ...(ii)
For reciprocal network
z
12
z
21
= ,
4 2 a = + 2 a & =
SOL 1.45 Option (A) is correct.
P (miss/or more aircraft) = P 1 (miss 0)
1 (0 ) arrive P =

!
( ) t e
1
0
t 0

=

e e 1 1
( ) t
60
12
2
= =

. e 1 0 33
. 0 4
= =
SOL 1.46 Option (B) is correct.
( ) x t can be written as
( ) x t (40 8 40 ) 400 cos cos t t = +
Modulation index 0.2
40
8
= =
P
c
(40) 800
2
1 2
= = W
The components at 180 Hz and 220 Hz are side band
P
sb
(4) (4)
2
1
2
1 2 2
= + 16 = W,
E
eff

P P
P
800 16
16
c sb
sb
=
+
=
+
SOL 1.47 Option (C) is correct.
d F L
L
:
#
dL F
4 3 2 1
: = + + +
e o
# # # #
The figure is as shown below
Page 13 EC_Practice Paper A Chapter 1
For segment 1,
0 , y z = = , F x u
x
2
= , dL dxu
x
=
dL F
1
:
#
x dx
x
3
2
1
0 3
1
0
= =
#

3
1
=
For segment 2,
0 x z = = , F y u
z
2
= , dL dyu
y
=
dL F
2
:
#
0 =
For segment 3,
z x = , dx dz =
dL F
3
:
#
( ) x dx 1
2
0
1
=
#

x
x
3
3
0
1
=
: D

3
2
=
For segment 4, 1 x =
F , z y u u u
x y z
2
= dL dy dz u u
y z
= +
dL F
4
:
#
( ) zdy y dz z y
2
: = =
#
& dL F
4
:
#
( ) y y dy
2
1
0
=
#

y y
2 3
2 3
1
0
=
; E

6
5
=
dL F
L
:
#
0
3
1
3
2
6
5
= + +
6
1
=
SOL 1.48 Option (B) is correct.
x
1
o
x x
1 2
= + ,
x
2
o
x u
2
= + ,
x
3
o
2x u
3
= +
x
o
, x u
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
2
0
1
1
=

+
R
T
S
S
S
S
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
V
X
W
W
W
W
A
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
2
=

R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
, B
0
1
1
=
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
Page 14 EC_Practice Paper A Chapter 1
AB
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
2
0
1
1
1
1
2
=

R
T
S
S
S
S
R
T
S
S
S
S
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
V
X
W
W
W
W
V
X
W
W
W
W
A B
2

1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
2
1
1
2
2
1
4
=

R
T
S
S
S
S
R
T
S
S
S
S
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
V
X
W
W
W
W
V
X
W
W
W
W
C
m
B AB A B
2
=
9 C

0
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
4
=

R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
SOL 1.49 Option (B) is correct.
y 10 10 10 x x x
1 2 3
= + ,
y x 10 10 10 =
8 B
A
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
2
=

R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
, C 10 10 10 =
8 B
CA 10 10 10
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
2
=

R
T
S
S
S
S
8
V
X
W
W
W
W
B
10 0 20 =
8 B
CA
2
10 0 20
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
2
=

R
T
S
S
S
S
8
V
X
W
W
W
W
B
10 10 40 =
8 B
O
M

C
CA
CA
10
10
10
10
0
10
10
20
40
2
= =

R
T
S
S
S
S
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
V
X
W
W
W
W
SOL 1.50 Option (A) is correct.
For
4

line tan l 3 =
Z
in1

Z
Z
L
0
2
= 32 24
j
j
200 150
100
2
=
+
=
For
8

line, 1 tan l =
Z
in2
Z
Z
jZ
0
0
0
0
0
=
+
+
c m
100 jZ j
0
= =
At the
8
7
line Z Z
in in 1 2
will be load.
Z
L

( )( )
j j
j j
32 24 100
32 24 100
=
+

47.06 11.76 j =
tan l
2
1 tan
8
7
:

= =
b l
Z
in
100
( . . )( )
. . ( )
j j
j j
100 47 06 11 76 1
47 06 11 76 100 1
=
+
+
e o
94.11 76.45 j =
Page 15 EC_Practice Paper A Chapter 1
SOL 1.51 Option (D) is correct.
If Z
L
3 = , at the input end of
8

line
Z
in2
Z
Z jZ
Z jZ
L
L
0
0
0
=
+
+
c m
100 jZ j
0
= =
Z
L
( ) ( 100) j j 32 24 = 19.5 24.4 j =
Z
in
100
( . . )( )
. . ( )
j j
j j
100 19 5 24 4 1
19 5 24 4 100 1
=
+
+
e o
64 148 j =
SOL 1.52 Option (B) is correct.
The total SNR for three hops is 20 13 + dB. Therefore the SNR per hop is / 20 3.
The probability of a chip error with non-coherent detection is
P e
2
1
N 2
c
0 =

where
N 3
20
c
0

= . The probability of a bit error is

P
b
1 (1 ) 1 (1 2 ) 2 p p p p p
2 2 2
= = + =
0.0013 e e
2
1
N N 2 2
c c
0 0 = =


SOL 1.53 Option (C) is correct.
In the case of one hop per bit, the SNR per bit is
20, Hence,
P
b
e
2
1
N 2
c
0 =

2.27 10 e
2
1 10 5
#
= =

SOL 1.54 Option (B) is correct.
V
GS2
2.76 V
GS3
= = V
I
D4
( ) ( ) K V V K V V
n GS TN n GS TN 4 4
2
3 3
2
= =
100 10 (2.76 1) 0.31
6 2
#
= =

mA
SOL 1.55 Option (C) is correct.
V
GS
4.2 = V, 0.1 V
DS
= V
V V V <
DS GS TN
,
Thus transistor is in non saturation.
I
D

.
0.49
10
5 0 1
k
=

= mA
I
D
{2( ) }
k
L
W
V V V V
2
'
n
GS TN DS DS
2
=
& 0.49 0.015 {2(4.2 0.8)(0.1) (0.1) }
L
W 2
=
b l
& 0.49 (0.67) 0.731
L
W
L
W
& = =
b l
SOLUTIONS
EC_Practice Paper B
SOL 1.1 Option (D) is correct.
A is Hermitian then A A
Q
=
Now, (iA)
Q
( ) i i i i A A A, A A (i )
Q Q Q
& = = = =
Thus iA is Skew-Hermitian.
SOL 1.2 Option (B) is correct.
u log
x y
x y
2 2
=
+
+
,
e
u

x y
x y
f
2 2
=
+
+
= (say)
f is a homogeneous function of degree one
x
x
f
y
y
f
2
2
2
2
+ f x
x
e
y
y
e
e
u u
u
&
2
2
2
2
= + =
or xe
x
u
ye
y
u u u
2
2
2
2
+ e
u
=
or, x
x
u
y
y
u
2
2
2
2
+ 1 =
SOL 1.3 Option (D) is correct.
P(none dies)
(1 )(1 )... p p n = times (1 ) p
n
=
P(at least one dies) 1 (1 ) p
n
=
P(A
1
dies) {1 (1 ) }
n
p
1 n
=
SOL 1.4 Option (C) is correct.
In a minimum phase system, all the poles as well as zeros are on the left half of
the s-plane. In given system as there is right half zero 5 s =
^ h
, the system is a non-
minimum phase system.
SOL 1.5 Option (A) is correct.
In open loop system change will be 10% in C
1
also but in closed loop system change
will be less
C
2

10 1
10
11
10
=
+
= ,
EC_Practice Paper B.indd 1 9/15/2012 11:16:32 AM
Page 2 EC_Practice Paper B Chapter 1
C
'
2
C
9 1
9
10
9
2
=
+
= is reduced by 1%
SOL 1.6 Option (A) is correct.
( ) C s
( ) s s 10
10
=
+

s s
1
10
1
=
+
& ( ) c t 1 e
t 10
=

10 a = , Rise time
. .
0.22 s T
a
2 2
10
2 2
r
= = =
Setting time T
s
0.4 s
a
4
= =
SOL 1.7 Option (A) is correct.
F B IdL
0
1
#
= #

2 (5 10 )
0.4 dzu
u
u 100
100
z
y
x
3
0
0
1
#

#
=

=

# N/m
SOL 1.8 Option (D) is correct.
i
R
v
ab
=
118.43 (120 ) sin t
250

= 0.47 (120 ) sin t = A

SOL 1.9 Option (C) is correct.
Since antenna is installed at conducting ground,
R
rad
80
dl 2
2

=
b l
80
. 0 5 10
50
5
4 2
3
2
#

= =
b l
SOL 1.10 Option (C) is correct.

2
0.3 0.4 0.5
a
1 2
2 2 2 2
= + = + = or 0.5 =
SOL 1.11 Option (D) is correct.
Modulation Index
f
m

=
50 500 25000
#
= = Hz
SOL 1.12 Option (D) is correct.
The processing gain is
PG 4 4 16
#
= =
Hence, in decibels,
PG 10 16 12 log
10
= = dB
SOL 1.13 Option (C) is correct.
( ) sgn t
1, 0
1, 0
t
t
<
< <
3
3
#
=

*
( ) X ( ) ( ) e dt e dt 1 1
j t j t
0
0
= +
3
3

# #

j
e
j
e
j t j t 0
0

= +

3
3

j
2

=
SOL 1.14 Option (D) is correct.
EC_Practice Paper B.indd 2 9/15/2012 11:16:33 AM
Page 3 EC_Practice Paper B Chapter 1
7 N = ,
0

2
7

= ,
[ ] x n [ ] X k e
2
j kn
n
7
3
3
=

=
b l
/ 2 1 2 e e
( )
2
( )
2
j n j n 1
7
1
7 = +

b b l l
4
2
1 cos n
7

=
b l
SOL 1.15 Option (D) is correct.
Not causal because ( ) 0 h t ! for 0 t < .
Unstable because ( ) h t dt 3 =
3
3

#
SOL 1.16 Option (D) is correct.
ABC ABC ABC ABC + + +
( ) ( ) C AB AB C AB AB = + + +
( ) ( ) C AB AB C AB AB = + + +
A B C 5 5 =
SOL 1.17 Option (C) is correct.
Resolution 10
2 1
5
n
=

= m
& 500 2 1
n
=
& 2
n
501 = , 8 n > , 9 n =
SOL 1.18 Option (D) is correct.
Converting in decimal we have
(80)
16
8 16 (128)
10 #
= =
(128) ( 64)
10 10
+ (64)
10
=
(64)
10
(01000000)
2
=
SOL 1.19 Option (B) is correct.
The circuit is as follows
v
+
2.5 V = v =

,
( )
2.5
v
8 4
4
0
+
=
& v
o
7.5 V =
SOL 1.20 Option (C) is correct.
SOL 1.21 Option (B) is correct.
After killing all source equivalent resistance is R
Open circuit voltage v
1
=
EC_Practice Paper B.indd 3 9/15/2012 11:16:33 AM
Page 4 EC_Practice Paper B Chapter 1
SOL 1.22 Option (A) is correct.
L
eq
2 4 2 2 2 2 L L M
1 2 #
= + = + = H
SOL 1.23 Option (D) is correct.
The output voltage cannot exceed the positive power supply voltage and cannot be
lower than the negative power supply voltage.
SOL 1.24 Option (D) is correct.
M
2
is in saturation because
V
GS2
V V V >
DS GS TN 2 2
=
M
1
is in non saturation because
V
GS1
5 V
i
= = V, 0 V V
DS D 1
= = V
V
DS1
, V V I I <
GS TN D D 1 1 2
=
[2( ) ]
L
W
V V V V
GS TN DS DS
1
1 1 1 2
2

b l
( )
L
W
V V
GS TN
1
2 2
2
=
b l
& [2(5 0.8)(0.1) (0.1) ]
L
W
1
2

b l
(1)(5 0.1 0.8)
2
=
(0.83)
L
W
1
b l
16.81 20.3
L
W
1
& = =
b l
SOL 1.25 Option (D) is correct.
SOL 1.26 Option (C) is correct.
Required incidence matrix is
A
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
=

R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
The graph is as shown below
AA
T

1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
=

R
T
S
S
S
S
R
T
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
V
X
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W

3
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
=

R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
, det 16
3
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
3

=
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
SOL 1.27 Option (D) is correct.
EC_Practice Paper B.indd 4 9/15/2012 11:16:33 AM
Page 5 EC_Practice Paper B Chapter 1
Rearranging the given expression
( ) x t 2 ( 2) ( 1) ( ) u t u t u t = + + + +
At 2 t = , the function steps down from 0 to 2 for a change in magnitude of 2 ;
At 1 t = , the function steps up from 2 1 for a change in magnitude of 1;
At 0 t = , the function steps from 1 to 0, for a change in magnitude of 1;
Alternatively :
For 2 1 t < < , ( ) 2 x t =
For 1 0 t < < , ( ) 1 x t =
For 0 t < , ( ) 0 x t =
SOL 1.28 Option (C) is correct.
2710H LXI H, 30A0H ; Load 16 bit data 30A0 in HL pair
2713H DAD H ; 6140H " HL
2714H PCHL ; Copy the contents 6140H of HL in PC
Thus after execution above instruction contents of PC and HL are same and that
is 6140H
SOL 1.29 Option (A) is correct.
( )( ) A A B A B C + + +
( )( ) ( ) AA AB A B C A A B C A + + + = + + =
Therefore, no gate is required to implement this function.
SOL 1.30 Option (B) is correct.
From the combinational logic
Let D is input, Q
n
is present state, Q
n 1 +
is next state, then
R , D Q S D Q 5 5 = =
Characteristic equation of R-S flip-flop is given by
Q
n 1 +
S RQ
n
= +
So, Q
n 1 +
( ) ( ) D Q D Q Q
n n n
5 = + +
( ) ( ) D Q D Q Q
n n n
5 5 = +
( )(1 ) ( ) D Q Q D Q
n n n
5 5 5 = =
DQ DQ
n n
= +
For 0 D = , Q Q
n n 1
=
+
1 D = , Q Q
n n 1
=
+
So, the circuit function as a T-flip flop.
SOL 1.31 Option (C) is correct.
Z
0

C
L
=
d
d
d d

= =
Z
0
81
d

= =
0
,
' Z
0

'
75
d

= =
0

'
w
w

75
81
= & ' w 1.08w =
EC_Practice Paper B.indd 5 9/15/2012 11:16:33 AM
Page 6 EC_Practice Paper B Chapter 1
SOL 1.32 Option (C) is correct.
Since a b > , the dominant mode is TE
10
.
In free space
f
c

.
3
a
c
2 2 0 05
3 10
8
#
#
= = = GHz

1

f
f
1
c
2
0
=

c m
406.7
8
3
377
2
= =
1
b l
In dielectric medium
f
c

a
c
2
r

=
. .
2
2 0 005 2 25
3 10
8
#
#
= = GHz

r
0

=

. 2 25
377
= 251.33 = ,

2

.
259.23
8
2
251 33
2
= =
1
b l



2 1
2 1

=
+

. .
. .
259 23 406 7
259 23 406 7
=
+

0.22 =
s
1
1

+

.
.
1 0 22
1 0 22
=

+
1.564 =
SOL 1.33 Option (D) is correct.
(0) v B
#
2( 3 4 )10 ( 3 2 )10 u u u u u u
x y z x y z
5 3
#
= +

1100 1400 500 u u u
x y z
= +
(0) F [ ] q E v B
#
= +
2 10 [1200 1200 200 ] u u u
x y z
16
#
= +

4 10 [6 6 ] u u u
x y z
14
#
= +

F ma = &
m
a
F
= [6 6 ] u u u
5 10
4 10
x y z
26
14
#
#
= +

800[6 6 ] 10 / m s u u u
x y z
9 2
= +
SOL 1.34 Option (A) is correct.
The circuit is as shown below
At t 3 = ,
EC_Practice Paper B.indd 6 9/15/2012 11:16:33 AM
Page 7 EC_Practice Paper B Chapter 1
v
b
2
v
v
10
1
10
1
20
1
10
5
20
1
5
a
a
=
+ +
+
= +
v
a

v
v
20
1
10
1
20
1
10
5
3 3
10
b
b
=
+
+
= +
& v
a

v
3
2
15 3
10
a
= + +
& v
a

7
30
= V
SOL 1.35 Option (D) is correct.
Y 600 10
1.8 10
j
j 2 10
1 1 12
3 5
#

#
= +
+

6 10 45.45
3.24 10
1.8 10
j
j
10
2 50
5

#
= + +
+

At resonance Im { } 0 Y =
6 10 (3.24 10 ) 10
0
10
0
2 10
0
5

#
+

0 =
3.24 10
0
2 10
+

16.67 10 12.9
3
0

#
= = M rad/s
f
0
2.05
2
0

= = MHz
SOL 1.36 Option (C) is correct.
(0) v
C
0, =
(0) i
L
3
6 2
4 6
#
=
+
=
0.02
( )
dt
dv 0
C
(0) 3 i
L
= =
&
( )
dt
dv 0
C
150 =
5
2 2
6 14
#
=
+
= ,

0

.
5
2 0 02
1
#
= =
0
= critically damped
( ) v t 12 ( ) A Bt e
t 5
= + +

0 12 , A = +
150 5A B = +
& A 12 = ,
B 90 =
( ) v t 12 (90 12) t e
t 5
= +

( ) i t
L
0.02( 5) (90 12) 0.02(90) e t e
t t 5 5
= +

(3 9 ) t e
t 5
=

EC_Practice Paper B.indd 7 9/15/2012 11:16:33 AM
Page 8 EC_Practice Paper B Chapter 1
SOL 1.37 Option (A) is correct.
The circuit is as shown in figure below
C
a
20
30 60
30 60
#
=
+
= mF,
C
b

( )
20
30 20 0
30 20 40
=
+ +
+
= mF
We can say 20 C
d
= mF, and
C
eq
20 40 60 = + = mF
v
C

C
idt
1
=
#
10 cos t
60
1
20
300
20
m
3
#
=

b l
0.25 20 cos t = V
SOL 1.38 Option (B) is correct.
p
0
N e
( )
v
kT
E E F v
=


& 1 E E kT
p
N
n
F v
v
0
=
b l
At 300 K, N
v
1.0 10
19
#
= cm
3
E E
F v
0.02591
.
10
1 04 10
n
15
19
#
=
c m
0.239 = eV
n
0
N e
( )
c
kT
E E c F
=

At 300 K, N
c
2.8 10
19
#
= cm
3
E E
c F
1.12 0.239 0.881 = = eV
n
0
4.4 10
4
#
= cm
3
SOL 1.39 Option (C) is correct.
I
E
0 I e e
I
e 1
s
V
V
V
V
F
s
V
V
t
BE
t
BC
t
BE

= + = _ _
c c c
i i
m m m
& e V
V
t
BE
c m

1 B
e
1
1
F F
R
V
V
t
BC

=
+
+
+
c m
I
C
I e e
I
e 1
s
V
V
V
V
R
s
V
V
t
BE
t
BC
t
BC

=
c c c m m m
8 8 B B
I
CBO

1
I
e
I
e 1 1
F
s
V
V
R
s
V
V
t
BC
t
BC

=
+

c c m m
8 8 B B
I
CBO

1
I
e
I
e 1 1
F
s
V
V
R
s
V
V
t
BC
t
BC

=
+

c c m m
8 8 B B
EC_Practice Paper B.indd 8 9/15/2012 11:16:33 AM
Page 9 EC_Practice Paper B Chapter 1
V
BC
5 V = , 0.0259 V V
t
=
I
CBO
(1 0) (0 1)
I I
101 1
s s
= 1.01 1.01 10 I
s
15
#
= =

A
SOL 1.40 Option (A) is correct.
( ) X j [ ( 1) ( 1)] = + +
( ) H j
1
( )
j
1

= +
( ) Y j
1
( ) [ ( 1) ( 1)]
j
1

= + + +
b l
[ ( 1) ( 1)], ( ) sin j y t t
1
= + =
( ) H j
2
2
j j
j
2
5
2
1 2

= +
+
=
+

( ) Y j
2
[ ( 1) ( 1)]
j
j
2
1 2

=
+

+ +
c m
( 1) ( 1)
j
j
j
j
2
1 2
2
1 2
=

+
+ +
+

c c m m
{ ( 1) ( 1) ( 1)} sin j t = + + =
( ) H j
3

( ) j 1
2
2

=
+
( ) Y j
3

( )
{ ( 1) ( 1)}
j 1
2
2

=
+
+ +

( )
2
( 1)
( )
2
( 1)
j j 1 1
2 2

=

+ +
+

{ ( 1) ( 1)}, ( ) sin j y t t
3
= + =
SOL 1.41 Option (C) is correct.
Let [ ] x n a
FS
k
Then ( 1) [ ] x n
n
[ ] e x n a
j
N
N
n
FS
k
N
2
2
2
=

b b l l
8 N = , so, ( 1) [ ] x n
n
a
FS
k 4
Given that a
k
a
k 4
=

So [ ] x n ( 1) [ ] x n
n
=
This implies that
[0] x [ 2] [ 4] ... 0 x x ! ! = = = =
We are given that
[1] x [5] ... 1 x = = = and [3] [7] 1 x x = =
SOL 1.42 Option (C) is correct.
Initially plot has 20 dB/decade slop hence pole at origin. At
1
slope is changed
20 dB/decade to 0 dB/decade hence zero at
1
. At
2
and 10 there will be pole.
( ) G s
( )( )
( )
s s s
K s
10
2
1

=
+ +
+
EC_Practice Paper B.indd 9 9/15/2012 11:16:33 AM
Page 10 EC_Practice Paper B Chapter 1
From the plot 32 6 20( 0.1 ) log log
1
=
log
1
0.3 = ,

1
2 = rad/sec
20logK 6 20 2, 4 log K = + =
Between
2
and 10 there is a fall of 6 dB on a slope of 20 dB/decade
6 20( 10) log log
2
= ,

2
5 = rad/sec
( ) G s
( )( )
( )
s s s
s
5 10
4 2
=
+ +
+
SOL 1.43 Option (C) is correct.
v
o
[ (2 ) ( )] [ (2 ) ( )] cos cos a A f t m t a A f t m t
' ' ' '
c c c c 0 1
3
= + + +
(2 ) ( ) [( 2 ) cos cos a A f t a m t a A f t
' ' ' '
c c c c 0 0 1
3
= + +
( (2 )) ( ) 3 (2 ) ( ) ] cos cos A f t m t A f t m t m t
' ' ' '
c c c c
2 2 3
+ + +
^ h
(2 ) ( ) ( 2 ) cos cos a A f t a m t a A f t
' ' ' '
c c c c 0 0 1
3
= + +
3
1 (4 )
( )
cos
a A
f t
m t
2
'
'
c
c
1
2

+
+
; E
3 (2 ) ( ) ( ) cos a A f t m t m t
' '
c c 1
2 3
= +
The term 3
4
( )
cos
a A
f t
m t
2
'
'
c
c
1

; E
is a DSB-SC signal having carrier
frequency 1 MHz. Thus 2 1 f
'
c
= MHz or 0.5 f
'
c
= MHz
SOL 1.44 Option (C) is correct.
Given that
z ( , ), z u v =
u 2 , x xy y v a
2 2
= = ...(i)

x
z
2
2
. .
u
z
x
u
v
z
x
v
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
= + ...(ii)
and
y
z
2
2
. .
u
z
y
u
v
z
y
v
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
= + ...(iii)
From (i),

x
u
2
2
2 2 x y = ,

y
u
2
2
2 2 x y = ,

x
v
2
2
0 = ,

y
v
2
2
0 =
Substituting these values in (ii) and (iii)

x
z
2
2
(2 2 ) .0
u
z
x y
v
z
2
2
2
2
= + ...(iv)
and
y
z
2
2
. ( 2 2 ) .0
u
z
x y
v
z
2
2
2
2
= + ...(v)
EC_Practice Paper B.indd 10 9/15/2012 11:16:33 AM
Page 11 EC_Practice Paper B Chapter 1
From (iv) and (v), we get
( ) x y
x
z
2
2
+ ( ) y x
y
z
2
2
=
SOL 1.45 Option (B) is correct.
x
dx
dy
y x y
2 2
= +
Put y vx = and differential with respect to x , we get

dx
dy
v x
dx
dv
= +
x v x
dx
dv
vx +
b l
x v 1
2
= + ,
x
dx
dv
v 1
2
= +

v
dv
1
2
+
#

x
dx
=
#
or, ( ) log v v 1
2
+ + log log x c = + ,
v v 1
2
+ + cx =
or,
x
y
x
y
1
2
2
+ + cx =
or, y x y
2 2
+ + cx
2
=
SOL 1.46 Option (D) is correct.
Since,

( )( ) z z z
z
1 2
1 2

( ) z z z 2
1
1
1
2 2
3
= +

( )( ) z z z
z
dz
1 2
1 2
c

# I I I
2
1
2
3
1 2 3
= + ...(i)
Since, 0 z = is the only singularity for I
z
dz
1
c
1
= # and it lies inside 15, z =
therefore by Cauchys integral Fourmula
I
1
2
z
dz i
1
c
= = # ...(ii)
( )
2
( )
f z
i z z
f z dz
1
c
0
0

> H
# [Here ( ) 1 ( ) f z f z
0
= = and 0 z
0
= ]
Similarly, for I
z
dz
1
1
c
2
=

# , the singular point 1 z = lies inside 1.5 z = , so the

function ( ) f z is analytic everywhere in c i.e. 1.5 z = , hence by Cauchys integral
theorem
I
3
0
z
dz
2
1
c
=

= # ...(iv)
using equations (ii), (iii), (iv) in (i) we get

( )( ) z z z
z
dz
1 2
1 2
c

# (2 ) 2 (0) 3 i i i
2
1
2
3
= + =
EC_Practice Paper B.indd 11 9/15/2012 11:16:33 AM
Page 12 EC_Practice Paper B Chapter 1
SOL 1.47 Option (A) is correct.
Here 5 n = and 4.8 np npq + =
(1 ) np q + 4.8 (2 ) 4.8 np p & = =
& (2 ) p p 0.96 2 0.96 0 p p
2
& = + =
& 25 50 24 p p
2
+ 0 =
& (5 5)(5 4) p p 0 p
5
6
& = = or p
5
4
=
But, the value of p can not exceed 1.
p
5
4
= and q 1
5
4
5
1
= =
b l
The distribution is
5
1
5
4
5
+
b l
SOL 1.48 Option (B) is correct.
f 3 ( ) (25)(64)(48) 76.8 f n n
1 1 2
3 = = = kHz
SOL 1.49 Option (A) is correct.
f
2
n f
1 1
= (64)(200)(10 ) 12.8
3
= = MHz
f
3
(12.8 10.8) 23.6 f f
LO 2
! ! = = = MHz, 2.0 MHz
When f
3
23.6 = MHz, then
f
c
(48)(23.6) 1132.8 n f
2 3
= = = MHz
When f
3
2 = MHz, then (48)(2) 96 f n f
c 2 3
= = = MHz
SOL 1.50 Option (B) is correct.
l
v
l
=
.
.
0 8 3 10
2 150 10 4 2
8
6
# #
# # #

=
21
4

=
1 tan l =
Z
in

tan
tan
Z
Z jZ l
Z jZ l
'
'
L
L
0
0
0

=
+
+
e o
50
j
j j
50 60 80
80 60 50
=
+ +
+
c m
21.6 20.3 j =
SOL 1.51 Option (D) is correct.
'
Z Z
Z Z
'
'
L
L
0
0
=
+

j
j
80 60 50
80 60 50
=
+

0.468 38.66c + =
' 0.468, = =
But

2 38.66 90 51.34
4
'
c c c

#
= + = + =

0.468 51.34c + =
SOL 1.52 Option (B) is correct.
Closed loop gain of op-amp is given by
A
CL

( )
( )
A
A
A
1
OL
CL
CL
3
3
=
+
Where, ( ) A
CL
" 3 ideal closed loop gain
A
OL
" open loop gain
EC_Practice Paper B.indd 12 9/15/2012 11:16:33 AM
Page 13 EC_Practice Paper B Chapter 1
( ) A
CL
3 1 1 100
R
R
5
495
1
2
= + = + =
So, A
CL
99.90
1
10
100
10
5
=
+
=
SOL 1.53 Option (B) is correct.
Change in closed loop gain is

A
dA
CL
CL

( )
A
dA
A
A
OL
OL
OL
CL
3
=
c m
10 0.01%
10
100
5
#
= =
SOL 1.54 Option (B) is correct.
x
2
o
5s x u
4
21
2 2
= + ,
x
1
o
x
2
= ,
y 5 4 x x
1 2
= +

x
x
1
2
o
o
> H
x
x
u
0
5
1
4
21
0
1
1
2
=

+
> > > H H H , y
x
x
5 4
1
2
=
8
>
B
H
SOL 1.55 Option (B) is correct.
O
M

C
CA
5
20
4
1
= =

> > H H
det 0 O
M
= . Thus system is not observable
C
M
B AB
0
1
1
4
21
= =

8 > B H
det 1 C
M
= . Thus system is controllable.
EC_Practice Paper B.indd 13 9/15/2012 11:16:33 AM
SOLUTIONS
EC_Practice Paper C
SOL 1.1 Option (A) is correct.

x
v
2
2
2 ( , ), 2 ( , ) y h x y
y
v
x g x y
2
2
= = = =
by Milnes Method ( ) f z l ( , 0) ( , 0) 2 0 2 g z ih z z i z = + = + =
On integrating ( ) f z z c
2
= +
SOL 1.2 Option (A) is correct.
( , ) X Y
( ) ( )
( , )
. .
cov
X Y
X Y
6 25 31 36
10
7
5
var var
#
= = =
SOL 1.3 Option (A) is correct.
We know that
adj(adj A) . A A
n 2
: =

Here 3 n = , and A 3 =
So, ( ) A adj adj 3 3 A A
( ) 3 2
: = =

.
SOL 1.4 Option (B) is correct.
[ ] E X ( ) X x P x
i i
i 1
4
= =
=
/
. ( . ) ( . ) ( . ) ( . ) . 1 0 0 4 4 0 25 9 0 15 16 0 1 4 35 = + + + =
SOL 1.5 Option (A) is correct.
If modulation index is 0, then
P
t1

A A
2
1
2
0
2
c c
2 2 2
= + =
b l
If modulation index is 1 then
P
t 2

A
A
2
1
2
1
4
3
c
c
2 2
2
= + =
b l
,

P
P
t
t
1
2

2
3
=
Thus 1.5 P P
t t 2 1
= and P
t 2
is increases by 50%
SOL 1.6 Option (D) is correct.
( ) H x log p
p
1
i
i
i
2
1
6
=
=
/
Page 2 EC_Practice Paper C Chapter 1
(0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2) 0.3 0.3 0.05 0.05 log log log log
2 2 2 2
= + + +
0.15 0.15 0.2 0.2 log log
2 2
+ +
2.4087 = bits/symbol
SOL 1.7 Option (D) is correct.
[ ] X k ( ) ,
T
A t e dt
T
A 1
/
/
jk
T
T
2
2
= =

#
10 A = , 5 T = , [ ] 2 X k =
SOL 1.8 Option (A) is correct.
( ) X j e dt
t e 4
j t
=
3
3

#
e e e e dt
16
8 t j t t j t 4
0
4
0
2

= + =
+ 3
3

# #
SOL 1.9 Option (C) is correct.
Anti causal signal, [0] ( ) 4 lim x X z
z
= =
"3
SOL 1.10 Option (D) is correct.
For 4 v <
i
V the diode is ON and output 4 v
o
= V.
For 4 v >
i
V diode is off and output v v
o i
= .
SOL 1.11 Option (A) is correct.
This is inverting amplifier
A
v
10
R
R
40
400
F
1
= = =
SOL 1.12 Option (A) is correct.
Input impedance of instrumentation amplifier is very large
SOL 1.13 Option (B) is correct.
SOL 1.14 Option (B) is correct.
Following figure shown that a d f is a tree.
SOL 1.15 Option (A) is correct.
The circuit is as shown below
Page 3 EC_Practice Paper C Chapter 1
R
N
2 2 4
3
10
= + = ,
v
1
6
2
1
2
1
4
1
2
15
=
+ +
= V
i
sc
3 i
v
2
N
1
= = = A
SOL 1.16 Option (B) is correct.
For series critically damped circuit
R
0
40
C
L 4
10
4 4
m
#
= = =
R 120 40 = ,
R 60 =
SOL 1.17 Option (B) is correct.

c
2 f
RC
1
c
= =
& R 1.06
2 15 10 10
1
6
# # #

= =

k
SOL 1.18 Option (B) is correct.
XZ XZ + ( ) ( ) X XY XY X XY XY = + + +
( ) X XY XY XY XY XY Y = + + = + =
SOL 1.19 Option (B) is correct.
If either or both of V
1
and V
2
are logic high, then V
o
is high otherwise 0 V
o
= . Thus
OR logic.
SOL 1.20 Option (B) is correct.
In characteristic equation 2 s s K
3 2
+ + , the term s is missing.
SOL 1.21 Option (C) is correct.
P
1
5 3 2 30
# #
= = ,
3 1 (3 3) 10
#
= =

1
3 1, 3
R
C
10
30
= = =
SOL 1.22 Option (A) is correct.
( ) r r
2
4 ( ) x
x
y
y
z
z
x y z
2 2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
= + + + +
c m
(2 ) (2 ) (2 ) x x y y z z = + + 2( ) x y z
2 2 2
= + + 2r
2
=
SOL 1.23 Option (B) is correct.
E V 4 = , 3xy z
2 3
satisfy this equation.
SOL 1.24 Option (A) is correct.
J
b
u M
a
12
z
4
#
= =
SOL 1.25 Option (D) is correct.
Page 4 EC_Practice Paper C Chapter 1
( ) f x l 3 12 c x k
2
= +
( ) f c l 0 = 3 12 0 c c k
2
& + =
& c
k k
6
12 144 12
36
144 12
3
1
&
!
=

=
& 144 12k 12 11 k & = = .
SOL 1.26 Option (B) is correct.
R 200
m I
V
100
20
= = =

( )( . )
0.01( )
RA
L
200 0 001
2 10
cm
3
1 #
= = =

e n
n 0
. , For Si, 1350
n
=
& 0.01 (1.6 10 )(1350)n
19
0 #
=

n
0
4.6 10 cm
13 3
#
=

n n >>
i 0
& n
0
N
d
=
SOL 1.27 Option (B) is correct.
V
bi
ln V
n
N N
t
i
a d
2
=
c m
2(0.0259)
.
1.16 l
1 8 10
10
n
6
16
#
= =
c m
V
W
( )
e
V V
N N
2
1 1 s bi R
a a
2
1

=
+
+
: D
) 3

.
( . . )( . )
1 6 10
2 13 1 8 85 10 6 16
10
2
19
14
16
2
1
#
# # #
=

b l
= G
1.34 10
4
#
=

cm
J
gen

en W
2
i
0

=

. . .
2 10
1 6 10 1 8 10 13 4 10
8
19 6 4
#
# # # # #
=


1.93 10 / A cm
9 2
#
=

SOL 1.28 Option (C) is correct.
Pinch off voltage V
eW N
p
s
D
2

=
Let V
p
V
p1
=
Now
V
V
p
p
2
1

( ) W
W
W
W
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
= =
or 4V
p1
V
p2
=
Initial trans-conductance g K
V
V V
1
m n
p
bi GS
=

; E
For first condition
Page 5 EC_Practice Paper C Chapter 1
g
m1

( )
K
V
K
V
1
0 2
1
2
n
p
n
p 1 1
=

= =
;
G
E
Dividing
g
g
m
m
2
1

/( )
/
V
V
1 1 2
1 2
p
p
1
1
=

f p
Here V
p
V
p1
=
SOL 1.29 Option (C) is correct.
Output of gate 1 is X X
o 1
Output of gate 2 is X X X
0 1 2
+
Output of gate 3 is
( ) X X X X
0 1 2 3
+ X X X X X
0 1 3 2 3
= +
Output of gate 4 would be X X X X X X
0 1 3 2 3 4
+ +
Output of gate 5 would be X X X X X X X X X
0 1 3 5 2 3 5 4 5
+ +
So output of gate n would be ... ... ... X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
o n n n n n 1 3 5 2 3 5 4 5 7 1
+ + +

SOL 1.30 Option (C) is correct.
The Input and output is as shown below
SOL 1.31 Option (C) is correct.
f
. ( ) R R C 0 693 2
1
A B
=
+
R
A
10 k R
1
= =
R
B
R xR
2 3
= +
& 10 R k <
B
110k #
f
min

0.693{10 )}0.01
627
1
k 2(110k
=
+
= Hz
f
max

0.693{10 )}0.01
4.81
1
k 2(10k
=
+
= kHz
SOL 1.32 Option (A) is correct.
Let X X X X
3 2 1 0
be 1001 then Y Y Y Y
3 2 1 0
will be 1111.
Let X X X X
3 2 1 0
be 1000 then Y Y Y Y
3 2 1 0
will be 1110
Let X X X X
3 2 1 0
be 0110 then Y Y Y Y
3 2 1 0
will be 1100
Page 6 EC_Practice Paper C Chapter 1
So this converts 2 4 2 1 BCD numbers.
SOL 1.33 Option (B) is correct.
MVI B, 87H ; B = 87
MOV A, B ; A = B = 87
START: JMP NEXT ; Jump to next
XRA B ; A 5 B " A,
; A = 00, B = 87
JP START ; Since A = 00 is positive
; so jump to START
JMP NEXT ; Jump to NEXT
; unconditionally
NEXT : XRA B ; A 5 B " A, A = 87
; B = 87H
JP START ; will not jump as D
7
of A is 1
OUT PORT2 ; A = 87 " PORT2
SOL 1.34 Option (A) is correct.
1. Over damped response (a, b)
Poles : Two real and different on negative real axis.
2. Under damped response (c)
Poles : Two complex in left half plane
Poles : Two complex in left half plane
3. Undamped response (d)
Poles : Two imaginary
4. Critically damped (e)
Poles : Two real and same on negative real axis.
SOL 1.35 Option (C) is correct.
Any point on real axis of s-is part of root locus if number of OL poles and zeros to
right of that point is even. Thus (b) and (c) are possible option.
The characteristic equation is
( ) ( ) G s H s 1 + 0 =
or
( )
( )
s s
K s
1
3
1
+
+

0 =
or K
s
s s
1
3
2
=

+
For break away & break in point

ds
dK
(1 )(2 3) 3 s s s s 0
2
= + + + =
or s s 2 3 0
2
+ + =
Which gives 3 = , 1
Here 1 must be the break away point and 3 must be the break in point. Thus (C)
is correct.
Page 7 EC_Practice Paper C Chapter 1
SOL 1.36 Option (A) is correct.
Here given x 0
0
= y 1
0
= , . h 0 2 =
( , ) f x y x y
2
= +
To find y y
( . ) 1 0 2
= ,
k
1
( , ) ( . ) ( , ) ( . ) . hf x y f 0 2 0 1 0 2 1 0 2
0 0 # = = = =
k
2
, hf x
h
y
k
2 2
0 0
1
= + +
c m
( . ) ( . , . ) . ( . ) . f 0 2 0 1 1 1 0 2 1 31 0 262 = = =
k
3
, hf x
h
y
k
2 2
0 0
2
= + +
c m
0.2 (0.1, 1.131) 0.2 58 f 7 = =
k
4
( , ) hf x h y k
0 0 3
= + +
( . ) ( . , . ) . f 0 2 0 2 1 2758 0 3655 = =
k [ ] k k k k
6
1
2 2 2
1 2 3 4
= + + +
k [ . ( . ) ( . ) . ] .
6
1
0 2 2 0 262 2 0 2758 0 3655 0 2735 = + + + =
Here, y
1
y y k
. 0 2 0
= = +
^ h
. . 1 0 2735 1 2735 = + =
SOL 1.37 Option (A) is correct.
The given equation is
2
dx
d y
dx
dy
y
2
2
10cos x =
or, ( 2) D D y
2
10cos x =
C.F. is given by y c e c e
x x
1 2
2
= +

P.I. 10 10 cos cos

D D
x
D
x
2
1
1 2
1
2 2
: =

=

10 10 cos cos
D
x
D
D
x
3
1
9
3
2
=
+
=

10 ( 3) 3 cos cos sin cos

D
x D x x x
1 9
3
2
=

= =
The required solution is
y 3 sin cos c e c e x x
x x
1 2
2
= +

SOL 1.38 Option (B) is correct.

Let I sec tan
e x x
dx
2 2
2
2
x
2
0
2
= +

a k
#
sec tan e
x
dx e
x
dx I I
2
1
2 2
x x 2
1 2
0
2
0
2
= + = +

# #
Here, I
1
sec e
x
dx
2
1
2
x 2
0
2
=

#
Page 8 EC_Practice Paper C Chapter 1
. . tan tan e
x
e
x
dx
2
1
2
2 2
1
2
2
x x
0
2
0
2
=

: D
#
tan tan e e
x
dx
4
0
2
x
2
0
2

a k
#
, e I I I e
2
2 1 2
2
= + =

I I I e
1 2
2
= + =

SOL 1.39 Option (C) is correct.
Let E = event that A speaks the truth.
F = event that B speaks the truth
Then, ( ) P E
100
75
4
3
= = ,
( ) P F
100
80
5
4
= =
( ) P E 1
4
3
4
1
= =
b l
,
( ) P F 1
5
4
5
1
= =
b l
P(A and B contradict each other)
P = [(A speaks truth and B tells a lie) or (A tells a lie and B speaks the truth)]
P = (E and F ) P + (E and F)
( ). ( ) ( ). ( ) P E P F P E P F = +

4
3
5
1
4
1
5
4
20
3
5
1
20
7
# #
= + = + =
% 35%
20
7
100
#
= =
b l
SOL 1.40 Option (B) is correct.
If 1 >> and transistor are identical
I I
ref C1
. , I e I I I e
S
V
V
o C S
V
V
2
t
BE
t
BE 1 2
= = =
V
BE1
l V
I
I
n
t
S
ref
=
c m
, l V V
I
I
n
BE t
S
o
2
=
b l
V V
BE BE 1 2
l V
I
I
n
t
o
ref
=
c m
From the given circuit
V V
BE BE 1 2
I R I R
E E o E 2
. =
I R
o E
l V
I
I
n
t
o
ref
=
c m
R
E

.
9.58 l k
12 10
0 026
12 10
1 10
n
6 6
3
# #
#
= =

c m
R
1

I
V V V
ref
BE1
=

+

( )
9.3
m
k
1
5 7 5
=

=
SOL 1.41 Option (A) is correct.
Page 9 EC_Practice Paper C Chapter 1
V
D
5 (0.4)(5) 5 3 I R
D D
= = = V
V
SD
2.21 ( 3) 5.21 V V
S D
= = = V
SOL 1.42 Option (D) is correct.
( ) V
GS 1
( ) V V
GS 2 3
= =
Assume transistors are in saturation
I
D1
100 A I
2
200
D2
= = = (K
'
n
are
L
W
are same for M
1
and M
2
)
For saturation region
I
D
( )
K
L
W
V V
2
'
n
GS TH
2
=
b l
100 10
6
#

( 1) V
2
100 10 20
GS
6
2 # #
=

( 1) V
GS
2
0.1 1.32 V
GS
& = = V
V
D1
5 (40 10 ) 1 I
D1
3
#
= = V
5 100 10 (40 10 ) 1
6 3
# #
= =

V
( ) V
DS sat
1.32 1 0.32 V V
GS TH
= = = V
V
GS
1.32 V V
G S
= =
0 V
S
1.32 = V 0 V
G
a =
V
S
1.32 = V
So, V
DS
1 (1.32) 2.32 V V
D S
= = = V
( ) ( ) V V >
DS DS sat
So, the assumption is true
In the circuit, 1.32 V V
GS 3
= = V
1 V V
D 1 1
= = V, 1 V V
D 2 2
= = V
SOL 1.43 Option (B) is correct.
I
CQ
(0.35) 0.347
1001
100
= =
b l
mA
The small-signal equivalent circuit is as shown below
v

( )
k
k
r
r
v
500 10
10
s
=
+

,
v
o
( ) k g v r 7
m o
=


v
v
s
o
( )
k
k
k g
r
r
r
500 10
10
7
m o
=
+

f p
g
m

.
.
13.13
m
V
I
0 0259
0 347
t
CQ
= = = mA/V
Page 10 EC_Practice Paper C Chapter 1
r

.
7.6
m g I
V
13 13
100
k
m CQ
t

= = = =
r
o

.
288
m I 0 347
100
k
CQ

= = =
k r 7
o
6.83
288 7
288 7
k
#
=
+
=
k r 10

.
.
4.32
7 6 10
7 6 10
k
#
=
+
=
A
v
13.13
.
.
(6.83 ) 80
500 4 32
4 32
m
k
k
k =
+
=
b l
SOL 1.44 Option (B) is correct.
R
XY
( , ) xyf x y dxdy
, X Y
=
3
3
3
3

# #

x y
dxdy
9 3
8
2 2
0
2
0
3
= =
# #
[ ] E X
x y
dxdy
9 3
4
2
0
2
0
3
= =
# #
[ ] E Y
x y
dxdy
9
2
2
0
2
0
3
= =
# #
Since R
XY
[ ] [ ]
3
4
E X E Y
3
8
2
3
8
= = = =
b l
, we have X and Y uncorrelated
form
From marginal densities ( ) f x
X
,
xy
dy
x
x
9 2
0 2 < <
0
3
= =
#
( ) f y
Y
,
xy
dy
y
y
9 9
2
0 3 < <
0
2
= =
#
we have ( ) ( ) f x f y
xy
9
X Y
= , x 0 2 < < and y 0 3 < < .
Thus ( , ) f x y
, X Y
( ) ( ) f x f y
X Y
= and X and Y are statistically independent.
SOL 1.45 Option (D) is correct.
(0 ) v
C

25
1k
1
6.25k
1
25k
1
1k
30
=
+ +
=
R
eq
,
6
5
k =
( ) v t
C
25e
t 2000
=

V, for 0 1 t < < ms
v
C
(1 ms) 3.383 = V
( ) v t
C
3.38e . .
( ) t
2 5 0 6
1
k
m
= #

for 1 t > ms,
Page 11 EC_Practice Paper C Chapter 1
v
C
(4 ms) 2.77 = V
SOL 1.46 Option (C) is correct.
For the line to be matched, it is required that the sum of normalized input admittance
of the shorted stub and main line at the point where the stub is connected by unity.
For
10

shorted stub, 0 z
L
= and
z
ins

1 tan
tan
z j l
z j l
L
L

=
+
+
tan j l =
y
ins
cot j l =
2
cot j
10

=
b l
.3764 j1 =
For line to be matched at junction normalized input admittance of line must be
1 1.3764 j +
tan l
2
tan
4
3

= =
b l
y z
in L
= , z
L
1 1.3764 j = + , 300 413 Z Z z j
L L 0
= = +
SOL 1.47 Option (D) is correct.
We know that
I
C
exp I
V
V
V
V
1
s
T
BE
T
CE
= +
b b l l
g
mo
exp
r dV
dI
I
V
V
V
1 1
o CE
C
s
T
BE
A
= = =
b l

r
1
o

exp
V
I
V
V
V
I
A
s
T
BE
A
C
. =
b l ; E
r
o
, 10 k
I
V
r >
C
A
o
=
b l

I
V
C
A
10 , 10 10 k V I > >
A C
3

# #
V
A
10 10 2 10 20 V V > >
A
3 3
&
# # #

SOL 1.48 Option (B) is correct.
(0 ) v
C

( ) v
400
3
200
1
100
1
400
80 3
200
0
C
#
=
+ +
+

(0 ) v
C

34.29 = V (0 ) v
C
=
+
(0 ) i
1
+

.
0.17
200
34 29
= = A
SOL 1.49 Option (D) is correct.
The circuit is as shown below
Page 12 EC_Practice Paper C Chapter 1

.
. v v v
133 3 200
100
0 25
test test test
+

1 =
v
test
50 = V,
R
TH
50 = ,
50 0.5
#
= m
( ) v t
C
34.29e .
t
50 0 5m = #

(80 ) i m
1

.
6.98
e
200
34 29 25m
80m
= =

mA
SOL 1.50 Option (D) is correct.
P
XX
( )d
2
1
XX

=
3
3

#

d
2
3
49
14
3
2

=
+
=
3
3

#
SOL 1.51 Option (B) is correct.
h
2
49( )
( )
( ) t t e
j
H
7
2 t
F
2 7
3
2

=
+
=

( ) s
YY
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
s H H
49
12
XX 1 2
2
2 4
2

= = =
+
SOL 1.52 Option (A) is correct.
We have ( ) ( ) x t Ax t =
o
Let A
p
r
q
s
=> H
For initial state error ( ) x 0
1
2
=

> H the system response is ( ) x t

e
e 2
t
t
2
2
=

> H
Thus
( )
dt
d
e
dt
d
e 2
t
t
t
2
2
0

=
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W

p
r
q
s
1
2
=

> > H H
or
c
e
2
4
( )
( )
2 0
2 0

> H
p
r
q
s
1
2
=

> > H H

2
4

> H
p
r
q
s
2
2
=

> H
We get 2 2 2 and p q r s 4 = = ....(1)
From initial state vector ( ) x 0
1
1
=

> H
Page 13 EC_Practice Paper C Chapter 1
the system response is ( ) x t
e
e
t
t
=

> H
Thus
( )
dt
d
e
dt
d
e
t
t
t 0

=
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W

p
r
q
s
1
1
=

> > H H
or
c
e
( )
( )
0
0

> H
p
r
q
s
1
1
=

> > H H

1
1
> H
p
r
q
s
=

> H
We get 1 1 and p q r s = = .....(2)
Solving (1) and (2) set of equations we get

q
r
q
s
> H
0
2
1
3
=

> H
The characteristic equation
I A 0 =

1
1
3

+
0 =
or ( ) 3 2 + + 0 =
or , 1 2 =
Thus Eigen values are 1 2 and
Eigen vectors for 1
1
=
( ) A X 1
1 1
0 =
or
x
x 2
1
3
1
1
11
21

+
> > H H 0 =

x
x
1
2
1
2
11
21

> > H H 0 =
or x x 2
12 22
0 =
We have only one independent equation x x 2
22 21
=
Let , then x K x K 2
12 22
= = . Thus Eigen vector will be

x
x
12
22
> H
K
K
K
2
1
2
=

> > H H
SOL 1.53 Option (D) is correct.
As shown in previous solution the system matrix is
A
0
2
1
3
=

> H
SOL 1.54 Option (B) is correct.
( ) x t (4000 ) sinc t =
Page 14 EC_Practice Paper C Chapter 1
Fourier transform of ( ) x t is given as
( ) X f
f
4000
1
4000
rect =
b l
Spectrum of ( ) X f is
Bandwidth 2 B = kHz
For ideal sampling we consider a impulse train function as
( ) H f ( / )
T
f k T
1
s
s
k
=
3
3
=
/
( ) H f 4000 ( ) f k 4000
k
=
3
3
=
/
Sampling frequency
f
s
4 = kHz 2 B = (critical sampling)
Sampled signal is
( ) s f ( ) ( ) X f H f =
*
* ( ) rect
f
f k
4000
1
4000
4000 4000
k
=
3
3
=
b l /

f
k
4000
4000 rect
k
=
3
3
=
b l /
So sampled signal will contain replicas of ( ) X f at
f 0, 4 ! = kHz, 8 ! kHz, 6 ! kHz ...
SOL 1.55 Option (C) is correct.
For 0.4 T
s
= ms
Sampling frequency f
s

.
2.5
0 4 10
1
3
#
= =

kHz
2 f B <
s
(Under sampling)
So the output spectrum is
Page 15 EC_Practice Paper C Chapter 1
( ) s f ( )
f
f k
4000
1
4000
2500 2500 rect
k
=
3
3
=
* b l /
0.625
f
k
4000
2500 rect =
b l
So ( ) s f is
SOLUTIONS
EC_Practice Paper D
SOL 1.1 Option (A) is correct.
( ) T s
( . ) ( . )
.
s
6
1
0 8 0 6
0 6
2 2
=
+ +
1
n
2
0.6 = ,

n
0.8 =
Hence
n
1 = , 0.8 =
SOL 1.2 Option (D) is correct.
(2) Not symmetric; root locus does not exist on real axis to the left of an odd
number of poles and zero.
(3) Not symmetric; root locus exist on real axis the left of even number of pole and
zero.
SOL 1.3 Option ( ) is correct.
SOL 1.4 Option (C) is correct.
Area d d d dz 2 2
45
135
3
4
2
4
45
135
= +
c
c
c
c
; # # # #
d dz d dz 4 2
2
4
3
4
45
135
3
4
+ +
c
c
E # # # #
2 (2)(1)
2 2 2
2
2
4

= +
a a k k
; E
32.27 =
SOL 1.5 Option (B) is correct.
emf B
dt
d
dt
d
dS :

= = #
2 (0.2) (20)(377) 377 sin t
2
= mV 0.95 377 sin t = V
SOL 1.6 Option (C) is correct.
The beam-width of Hertzian dipole is 180c and its half power beam-width is 90c.
SOL 1.7 Option (B) is correct.
Put 0 , ( ) cos z t f z z
z
1
= + =

! !
... cos t
t
t
t t
1
1
2
1 1
4
1 1
2 4
= = +
b l
Page 2 EC_Practice Paper D Chapter 1
... t
t
t
2
1
24
1
3
= +
Residue of ( ) f z at 0 z = is the coefficient of
t
1
i.e.
2
1

SOL 1.8 Option (B) is correct.

Here , p q
5
3
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
= = = =
b l
and 100 n =
Thus Variance 25 npq 100
2
1
2
1
# #
= = =
b l
SOL 1.9 Option (C) is correct.
This differential equation is linear,
Hence I.F. log sec sec e e x x
tanx dx 2 2 2
= = =
#
SOL 1.10 Option (B) is correct.
From linear algebra for A
n n #
triangular matrix det , a A
ii
i
n
1
=
=
%
. The product of the
diagonal entries of A
SOL 1.11 Option (C) is correct.
48
10
00110000
2
=
48
10
=
11010000
11001111
1 +
SOL 1.12 Option (B) is correct.
y
3
x
3
= (MSB)
y
2
, , x x y y x y y x
3 2 1 2 1 0 1 0
5 5 5 = = =
So, the conversion is gray code to Binary code
SOL 1.13 Option (C) is correct.
Step size 5 0.5, 800
R
R
8k
F
F

#
= = =
SOL 1.14 Option (A) is correct.
The minimum number of isolation region is two. One for transistor and one for
resistor.
SOL 1.15 Option (B) is correct.
Other three circuits can be drawn on plane without crossing as shown below

Page 3 EC_Practice Paper D Chapter 1
SOL 1.16 Option (A) is correct.
V
bi
ln V
n
N N
t
i
a d
2
=
c m
0.0259
( . )
0.63 ln
1 5 10
10 10
10 2
17 14
#
#
= V
SOL 1.17 Option (B) is correct.
Using same potential technique, there are two node only
R
eq
4 25 50 6 50 = + +
22.5 =
SOL 1.18 Option (B) is correct.
For series critically damped circuit
R
0
40
C
L 4
10
4 4
m
#
= = =
R 120 40 = ,
R 60 =
SOL 1.19 Option (D) is correct.
For 0 t < , ( ) 0 s t =
For 0 t > , ( ) ( ) ( ) s t t dt t
( )
t
2
= =
3
#
SOL 1.20 Option (C) is correct.
P ( [ ]) lim
N
u n
2 1
1
N
n N
n N
2
=
+ "3
=
=
/

N
N
2 1
1
2
1
=
+
+
=
SOL 1.21 Option ( ) is correct.
SOL 1.22 Option (C) is correct.
D
2
and D
3
are ON. If D
3
is ON, then D
1
is OFF.
v
o
5 0.6 4.4 = = V,
i
D2

.
. .
7.6
0 5
4 4 0 6
k
=

= mA
SOL 1.23 Option (D) is correct.
V
o
8.2 0.7 8.9 V V
Z BE
= + = + = V
SOL 1.24 Option (B) is correct.
The figure as shown below
Page 4 EC_Practice Paper D Chapter 1
SOL 1.25 Option ( ) is correct.
SOL 1.26 Option (C) is correct.
[ ] E Y ( ) [ ( )] E X t dt E X t dt dt 3 6
0
2
0
2
0
2
= = = =
# # #
[ ] E Y
2
[ ( ) ( ) ] E X t dt X u du
0
2
0
2
=
# #
[ ( ) ( ) ] E X t X u dudt
0
2
0
2
=
# #
( ) R t u dtdu
XX
0
2
0
2
=
# #
[ ] e dtdu 9 2
t u
0
2
0
2
= +

# #
( ) e dtdu e 36 2 4 10
t u
0
2
0
2
2
= + = +

# #

Y
2
[ ] ( [ ]) ( ) . E Y E Y e 4 1 4 541
2 2 2
= = + =

SOL 1.27 Option (B) is correct.

1000 R = , 100 H L =
Z
R j L
R j L

=
+
^ ^ h h
,
[ ] Re Z
R L
R L
2 2 2
2 2 2

=
+
Page 5 EC_Practice Paper D Chapter 1
v
2
n
[ ] Re kT Z df kT
R L
R L
df 4 4
f f
0
2 2 2
2 2 2
0
0

= =
+
# #
By putting L Ry =
v
2
n

L
kTR
y
Ry
dy
2
4
1
y
2
2
0
0

=
+
# where y
R
L
f
2
0 0

=
b l
v
n
2
tan
L
kTR
y y
2
4
2
0
1
0

=

^ h
y
0
.
10
2 100 10
159 10 0 1
3
6
3 # #
# #

= =

v
2
n

.
. . tan
2 100 10
4 1 38 10 290 10
0 1 0 1
6
23 3 2
1
# #
# # # #

^
^
h
h
. V 8 5 10
15 2
#
=

V
nrms
. 9 22 10
8
#
=

V
SOL 1.28 Option (D) is correct.
Instantaneous frequency ( )
dt
d
t
1
=
2 sin cos
dt
d
t t t 2 10 30 150 40 150
6
#
= + +
6 @
2 (2 10 4500 150 6000 150 ) cos sin t t
6

#
= +
3 3000 (3 150 4 150 ) cos sin t t
i c
= =
15000 (150 ) cos t = +
Maximum frequency deviation f
2
max
3
3

=

2
15000
7.5

= = kHz
and ( ) t 2 (30 150 40 150 ) sin cos t t = +
100 (150 ') sin t = +
Thus maximum phase deviation ( ) 100 t
max
=
SOL 1.29 Option (B) is correct.
The processing gain is given as

R
W
500 = or 27 dB
The /J
b 0
required to obtain an error probability of 10
5
for binary PSK is 9.5 dB.
Hence, the jamming margin is

P
J
av
av
dB
b l

R
W
J
dB
b
dB 0

=
b a l k
27.95 = or 17.5 dB
SOL 1.30 Option (C) is correct.
For case 1,
H
B
1200
2
1
= =

r1

0

=
4 10
1326.3
600
1 1
7

#
#
= =

Page 6 EC_Practice Paper D Chapter 1

m
1 1325.3
r
= =
M
1
1.590 10 H
m 1
6

#
= = A/m
For case 2,
.
H
B
400
1 4
2
2
= =

r1

400 4 10
. 1 4
7

# #
=

2785.2 =

m
2784.2 =
M
2
1.114 10 H
m 2
6

#
= = A/m
M 3 (1.590 1.114) 10 476
6
#
= = kA/m
SOL 1.31 Option (B) is correct.
Using the method of images, the configuration is as shown below
Here d , , = = thus 2 d =
Array factor is
cos
cos d
2

=
+
: D

2
cos
cos
2

=
+
: D
( ) sin cos =
SOL 1.32 Option (A) is correct.
Let v
x
y
=
a k
and x
x
y
=
a k
Then u v w = +
Now v is homogeneous of degree zero and is homogeneous of degree one
& 2 x
x
v
xy
x y
v
y
y
v 2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
+ + 0 = ...(i)
and 2 ( ) ( ) 0 x
x
xy
x y
v y
y
v w
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
+ + + + =
& 2 0 x
x
u
xy
x y
u
y
y
u 2
2
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
2 2
2
2
2
+ + =
SOL 1.33 Option (C) is correct.
Page 7 EC_Practice Paper D Chapter 1

sinx
dx
1 +
#
sin cos sin cos
x x x x
dx
2 2
2
2 2
2 2
=
+ +
a k
#

cos sin tan
sec
x x
dx
x
x
dx
2 2
1
2
2
2 2
2
=
+
=
+
a a k k
# #
Put 1 tan
x
t
2
+ =
& sec
x
dx
2
2
2dt
t
dt
dt
t
K
2 2
2
& = = + #

tan cos sin
cos
x
K
x x
x
K
1
2
2
2 2
2
2
=
+

+ =
+

+

cos sin
cos
cos sin
cos sin
x x
x
x x
x x
K
2 2
2
2
2 2
2 2
#
=
+

+

cos sin
cos sin cos
x x
x x x
K
2 2
2
2
2
2 2
2 2
2
=

+
+

( )
1
cos
cos sin
tan sec
x
x x
K x x K
1
=
+ +
+ = +
tan sec x x c = +
SOL 1.34 Option (C) is correct.
The point (1 ) i lies within circle 2 z = (... the distance of 1 i i.e., (1, 1) from
the origin is 2 which is less than 2, the radius of the circle).
Let ( ) 3 7 1 z z z
2
= + + then by Cauchys integral formula
z z
z z
dz
3 7 1
c
0
2

+ +
# 2 ( ) i z
0
=
& ( ) f z
0
2 ( ) i z
0
= ( ) 2 ( ) f z i z
0 0
& = l l
and ( ) f z
0
m 2 ( ) i z
0
= m
since, ( ) z 3 7 1 z z
2
= + +
& ( ) z l 6 7 z = + and ( ) 6 z = m
(1 ) f i l 2 [6(1 ) 7] 2 (5 13 ) i i i = + = +
SOL 1.35 Option (C) is correct.
Here ( , ) f x y , 0, 0 x y x y
2 2
0
= + = =

We have, by Picards method

y ( , ) y f x y dx
x
x
0
0
= +
#
...(i)
The first approximation to y is given by
y
( ) 1
( , ) y f x y dx
x
x
0 0
0
= +
#
Page 8 EC_Practice Paper D Chapter 1
where y
0
0 ( , ) f x dx x dx 0
x x
2
0 0
= + =
# #
...(ii)
The second approximation to y is given by
y
( ) 2
( , ) , y f x y dx f x
x
dx 0
3
( )
x
x
x
0
1
3
0 0
= + = +
b l # #
0 x
x
dx
x x
9 3 63
x
2
6 3 7
0
= + + = +
b l #
Now, (0.4) y
( . ) ( . )
0.02135
3
0 4
63
0 4
3 7
= + =
SOL 1.36 Option (A) is correct.
v
o
will be negative for 0; v D
s 2
$ off D
1
on output v
o
is
v
o
. . 5 v
R
R
v v
2
10
s s s
1
2
= = =
For 0, v v <
s o
will be positive
0; v D <
s 2
on, D
1
off, 0 v
o
=
SOL 1.37 Option (D) is correct.
By equivalent circuit of an inverting amplifier
R
o
" output resistance of op-amp
KCL at output node

( )
R
v
R
v A v
R
v v
L
o
o
o OL
o
1
2
1
+

+

0 =
v
o

R R R
v
R
A
R
1 1 1
1
L o
o
OL
2
1
2
=
+ +

b l
...(i)
KCL at input node
Page 9 EC_Practice Paper D Chapter 1
i
1

R
v
R
v v
oi
o 1
2
1
= +

...(ii)
From eq. (i) and (ii)
Resistance at inverting terminal of op-amp is

R
1
if

v
i
R R
R
R
R
R
A
R
R
1 1
1
1
oi
L
o o
OL
L
o
1
1
2
2
= = +
+ +
+ +
J
L
K
K
K
N
P
O
O
O
In the given problem
10 k R
2
= , 2 k R
1
= , 0 R
o
= , 10 k R
oi
= , 10 A
OL
5
=
So,
R
1
if

10
1
10
1
1 0 0
1 10 0
10
k k
5

= +
+ +
+ +
=
; E
R
if
. 0 1 =
SOL 1.38 Option (C) is correct.
Since transistor are matched
V
BE1
, V I I
BE B B 2 1 2
= =
Thus the circuit is as follows
I
ref
I I I
C B B 1 1 2
= + +
2 2 I I I
I
C B C
C
1 2 2
2

= + = +
I
o
I
C2
= ,
I
ref
I 1
2
o

= +
c m
I
o
962
m
A
I
1
2
1
50
2
1 ref

=
+
=
+
=
SOL 1.39 Option (B) is correct.
I
S
50 A = , ( ) I I K V V
D D n GS TN
2
= =
& 50 10
6
#

0.5 10 ( 1.2) V
GS
3 2
#
=

& V
GS
1.516 = V,
V
G
0 = , 1.516 V V V
S G GS
= = V
V
DS
5 ( 1.516) 6.516 V V
D S
= = = V
Page 10 EC_Practice Paper D Chapter 1
SOL 1.40 Option (D) is correct.

1
( ) en
i n p
= +
10
6
(1.6 10 )(1000 600)n
i
19
#
= +

At 300 T = K, 3.91 10 cm n
i
9 3
#
=

n
i
2
N N e
c v
kT
Eg
=

c m
& ln E kT
n
N N
g
i
c v
2
=
c m
& E
g
2(0.0259)
.
1.122 ln
3 91 10
10
9
19
#
= =
c m
eV
At 500 T = K, kT 0.0259 0.0432
300
500
= =
b l
eV,
n
i
2
(10 ) cm e .
.
19
0 0432
1 122
3
=

b l
.
& n
i
2.29 10 cm
13 3
#
=

(1.6 10 )(2.29 10 )(1000 600)
19 13
# #
= +

5.86 10 ( ) cm
3 1

#
=

SOL 1.41 Option (C) is correct.
V
( ) DS sat
0 ( 2) 2 V V
GS TN
= = = V
V V >
( ) DS DS sat
Therefore biased in saturation
I
D
[ ]
k
L
W
V V
2
'
n
GS TN
2
=
b l
& 1.5 [0 ( 2)]
L
W
2
80 10
3
2 #
=

b l
, 9.375
L
W
& = mA
SOL 1.42 Option (B) is correct.
V
bi
ln V
n
N N
t
i
B C
2
=
c m
0.02591
( . )
0.824 V
1 5 10
3 10 5 10
n
10 2
16 17
#
# # #
= =
e o
At punch-through
x
B
0.7 10 ( ) ( 0) x V V x V
p BC pt p BC
4
#
= = = =

( )
( ) e
V V
N
N
N N
2
1 bi pt
B
C
C B
2
1

=
+
+
>
) 3

( ) e
V
N
N
N N
2 1
bi
B
C
C B
2
1

+
H
' 1

.
( . . )( ) V V
1 6 10
2 11 7 8 85 10
i pt
19
14
#
# #
=
+
-
-
)

( ) 3 10
5 10
5 10 3 10
1
16
17
17 16
2
1
#
#
# #
+
c m 3
.
( . . )( . )
1 6 10
2 11 7 8 85 0 824
19
#
#

-
'

( ) 3 10
5 10
5 10 3 10
1
16
17
17 16
2
1
#
#
# #
+
c m 3
& 0.7 10
4
#

2.02 10 ( ) 1.83 10 V V
bi pt
5 5
# #
= +

V V
bi pt
+ 19.11 = & 19.11 0.824 18.3 V V
pt
= =
SOL 1.43 Option (D) is correct.
Page 11 EC_Practice Paper D Chapter 1
In the circuit
D
0
Q
0
= ,
D
1
Q Q
0 1
5 =
Initial state 00 "
Q
0
Q
1
D
0
D
1
0 0 1 1
1 1 0 1
0 1 1 0
1 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 (repeat)
So, the state transition sequence Q Q
0 1
is
SOL 1.44 Option (B) is correct.
The operation of this circuit is given below :
ABC P P P
A B C
N N N
A B C
Y
0
## ##
ON
#

#
OFF HIGH
0 0 1 ON ON OFF OFF OFF ON HIGH
#
1 1
#
OFF OFF
#
ON ON LOW
1
#
1 OFF
#
OFF ON
#
ON LOW
Y ( ) A B C = +
SOL 1.45 Option (A) is correct.
( ) GH j
K
1 1 4 1 9
2 2 2

=
+ + +
,
( ) GH j + 90 2 3 tan tan tan
1 1 1
c =

,
For 0 = , ( ) GH j 90 3 c + = ,
For 3 = , ( ) GH j 0 360c + = ,
SOL 1.46 Option (C) is correct.
If ( ) 0 R s =
( ) T s
D

( )( )
( )
( )
s s s
K K s
s s
K
1
4 3
2
4
1 2
2
=
+
+ +
+
+

( )( ) ( )
( )
s s s K K s
K s
3 4 2
3
1 2
2
=
+ + + +
+
Error in output due to disturbance
( ) E s ( ) ( ) T s D s
D
= ,
Page 12 EC_Practice Paper D Chapter 1
If ( ) D s
s
1
= ,
e
ssD
( ) limsE s
s 0
=
"
( ) ( ) lim lim s
s
T s T s
K
1
2
3
s
D
s
D
0 0
1
# #
= = =
" "

K 2
3
1
0.000012 = 125 10 K
1
3
&
#
=
Error due to ramp input
e
ss
( ) limsE s
s 0
=
"

( )
( )
lim
G s
sR s
1 s 0
=
+ "
,
( ) R s , ( )
( )( )
( )
s
G s
s s s
K K s
1
3 4
2
2
1 2
= =
+ +
+
e
ss

( )( )
( )
lim
s
s s
K K s K K
3 4
2
1 6
s 0
1 2 1 2
=
+
+ +
+
=
"

K 125 10
6
3
2 #
0.003 = 0.016 K
2
& =
SOL 1.47 Option (B) is correct.
LXI SP, EFFF H ; Load SP with data
EFFH
CALL 3000 H ; Jump to location 3000H
:
:
:
3000H LXI H, 3CF4 ; Load HL with data 3CF4H
PUSH PSW ; Store contnets of PSW to Stack
SPHL ; Copy contents of HL to SP (3CF4H)
POP PSW ; Restore contents of RSW from stack
RET ; stop
Before instruction SPHL the contents of SP is 3CF4H.
After execution of POP PSW, SP + 2 " SP is 3CF4H.
After execution of RET, SP + 2 " SP
Thus the contents of SP will be 3CF4H + 4 = 3CF8H
SOL 1.48 Option (B) is correct.
DFT of sequence [ ] g n is
[ ] G k
DFT
[ ] X k e
2 (2)
DFT
jk
4 =

(time-shift property)
[ ] X k e
DFT
jk
=

0, 1, 2, 3 k =
[0] G
DFT
[0] 1 X e
DFT
0
= =
[1] G
DFT
[2] 2( 1) 2 X e
DFT
j
= = =

[2] G
DFT
[2] 3(1) 3 X e
2
DFT
j
= = =

[3] G
DFT
[3] 4( 1) 4 X e
3
DFT
j
= = =

So [ ] G k
DFT
{1, 2, 3, 4} =
SOL 1.49 Option (D) is correct.
Page 13 EC_Practice Paper D Chapter 1
[ ] x n [ ] X k
DFT
+ [ ] X N k
DFT
=
(periodic extension of folded version)
Let [ ] g n [ ] x n = then
[ ] G k
DFT
[ ], 4 X N k N
DFT
= =
[0] G
DFT
[4] 1 X
DFT
= =
[1] G
DFT
[4 1] [3] [1] 4 X X G
DFT DFT DFT
& = = =
[2] G
DFT
[4 2] [2] [2] 3 X X G
DFT DFT DFT
& = = =
[3] G
DFT
[4 3] [1] [3] 2 X X G
DFT DFT DFT
& = = =
So [ ] G k
DFT
{1, 4, 3, 2} =
SOL 1.50 Option (C) is correct.
The circuit is as shown below
5 0c + i j
j
i
j
4 1 1
4
1
4
1 2
= + +
b b l l
& (8 15) (4 ) j i j i
1 2
+ 20 0 + = ...(i)
10 30c + i j
j
i
j
1 4 1
4
1
4
2 1
= + +
b b l l
& (4 ) (8 15) j i j i
1 2
+ 40 30c + = ...(ii)
[(8 15) (4 ) ] i j j
1
2 2
+ (20 0)(8 15) (40 30 )(4 ) j j c + + = +
( 176 248) i j
1
+ 41.43 414.64 j = +
& i
1
1.03 0.9 1.37 41.07 j + = =
SOL 1.51 Option (A) is correct.
i
2

( )( . . )
j
j j
4
8 15 1 03 0 9 20 0c +
=

+
0.076 2.04 j = +
& i
2
2.04 92.13c + =
SOL 1.52 Option (A) is correct.

( )
( )
R s
C s

s a s a s a
b
3
2
2
1 0
0
=
+ + +

( ) s s s 9 26 24
24
2 2
=
+ + +
( ) ( ) s a s a s a C s
3
2
2
1 0
+ + + ( ) b R s
0
=
Taking the inverse Laplace transform assuming zero initial conditions
c a c a c
2 0
+ +
q p
b r
0
=
x
1
c y = = , x c
2
=
o
, x c
3
=
p
x
1
o
, c x x c x
2 2 3
= = = =
o o p
x
3
o
, c x x c x
2 2 3
= = = =
o o p
Page 14 EC_Practice Paper D Chapter 1
x
3
o
c b r a c a c a c
0 2 1 0
= =
q p o
a x a x a x b r
0 1 1 2 2 3 0
= + ,

x
x
x
1
2
3
o
o
o
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W

a a a
x
x
x b
r
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0 1 1
1
2
3 0
=

+
R
T
S
S
S
S
R
T
S
S
S
S
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
V
X
W
W
W
W
V
X
W
W
W
W
24 a
0
= , 26 a
1
= , 9 a
2
= , 24 b
0
=

x
x
x
1
2
3
o
o
o
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W

x
x
x
r
0
0
24
1
0
26
0
1
9
0
0
24
1
2
3
=

+
R
T
S
S
S
S
R
T
S
S
S
S
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
V
X
W
W
W
W
V
X
W
W
W
W
y
x
x
x
1 0 0
1
2
3
=
R
T
S
S
S
S
8
V
X
W
W
W
W
B
SOL 1.53 Option (B) is correct.
Fourth order hence four state variable
x
o

a a a a
x
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0 1 2 3
=

R
T
S
S
S
S
SS
V
X
W
W
W
W
WW

b
r
0
0
0
0
=
R
T
S
S
S
S
SS
V
X
W
W
W
W
WW
, y x 1 0 0 0 =
8 B
100, a
0
= 7 a
1
= , 10 a
2
= , 20 a
3
= , 100 b
0
=
SOL 1.54 Option (B) is correct.
f
c

c
a
m
b
n
2
r
2 2

= +
a a k k
f
c10

a
c
2
r

=
. .
2
2 1 25 0 06
3 10
8
# #
#
= = GHz
f
c01

b
c
2
r

=
. . 2 1 25 0 04
3 10
3
8
# #
#
= = GHz
2 GHz 3 f < < GHz
SOL 1.55 Option (C) is correct.
f
c11

.
3.6
2 1 25 10
3 10
6
1
4
1
2
8
2 2
# #
#
= =
+
b b l l
GHz
3 GHz 3.6 f < < GHz
SOLUTIONS
EC_Practice Paper E
SOL 1.1 Option (D) is correct.
Let I
e
dx
e
e dx
1 1
x x
x
=

# #
Put 1 e t e dx dt
x x
& = =

I (1 ) log log
t
dt
t e
x
= = =

#
SOL 1.2 Option (B) is correct.
1 z < , (1 )
z z
z
z
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1

= +

a k
... (1 ...)
z z z
z z z
2
1
1
2 4 8
2 3
2 3
= + + + + + + + + +
: D
( ) f z ... z z z
2
1
4
3
8
7
16
15 2 3
= + + + +
SOL 1.3 Option (A) is correct.
Since A (adj A) A I
3
=
& A (adj A) 2
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
= =
R
T
S
S
S
S
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
V
X
W
W
W
W
SOL 1.4 Option (D) is correct.
( ) T s
( )
s s Ks
K s
2 1
3
5 2
=
+ + +
+
Always unstable since s
4
and s
3
term are missing.
SOL 1.5 Option (A) is correct.
( ) X s 2
( )( ) s s 2 3
1
=
+ +
2
( ) ( ) s s 2
1
3
1
=
+
+
+
( ) x t 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) t e e u t
t t 3 2
= +

SOL 1.6 Option (B) is correct.

c
1
3 0
0 1 2
=

=
Page 2 EC_Practice Paper E Chapter 1
SOL 1.7 Option (A) is correct.
The function has poles at 1, z
4
3
= . Thus final value theorem applies.
( ) limx n
n"3
( 1) ( ) lim z X z
z 1
=
"
( 1)
( )( )
( )
1 z
z z
z z
1
2
4
3
4
7
=

=
SOL 1.8 Option (B) is correct.
There is one forward path G G
1 2
.
Four loops , , G G G G G G G G G
1 4 1 2 3 1 2 5 7
and G G G G G
1 2 3 6 7
.
There is no non-touching loop.
SOL 1.9 Option (B) is correct.
At 1 t = , the slope of function changes from 0 to 2
At 2 t = , the slope of function changes for a changes in magnitude of 2 from 2
to 0;
At 3 t = , the slope of function changes for a changes in magnitude of 2 from 0 to 2;
Alternatively :
For 1 2 t < < , ( ) 2( 1) x t t =
For 2 3 t < < , ( ) 2 x t =
For 3 t < , ( ) 2 2 x t t =
SOL 1.10 Option ( ) is correct.
SOL 1.11 Option (C) is correct.
2 1 x x
2
+ + 64 5 8 2
#
= + +
& x 7 =
SOL 1.12 Option (B) is correct.
In negative cycle diode will be ON and capacitor will be charged. In positive cycle
10 + V of v
i
will be added to capacitor voltage.
Page 3 EC_Practice Paper E Chapter 1
Thus 20 v
o
= V.
SOL 1.13 Option (B) is correct.
I
d
I e
s
V
V
t =

b l
,

I
I
d
d
2
1

e
e
V
V
V
V
t
t
2
1
=

e
( )
V
V V
t
1 2
=


V V
1 2
V
t
= 0.02591 ln
I
I
n10 59.6
d
d
1
2
= =
c m
mV
SOL 1.14 Option (B) is correct.
We have
I
C
( )
N W
A qD n
e 1
/
E B
E n i V V
2
BE T
=
I
C

W
1
B

So, If W
B
increases by a factor of three, then I
C
is decreased by a factor of three
SOL 1.15 Option (B) is correct.
I
D
( )
k
L
W
V V
2
'
n
GS TN
2
=
b l
0.5 (5)( 0.8) V
2
80 10
GS
3
2 #
=

& V
GS

.
.
0.8 2.38
0 2
0 5
= + = V
SOL 1.16 Option (C) is correct.
4 6 2 i i i
2 3 1
+ 0 = ,
i i
1 2
+ 2 =
i
2
5 i i
6
5
3 1
& = + = A
Page 4 EC_Practice Paper E Chapter 1
SOL 1.17 Option (C) is correct.
The circuit is as shown below
R
TH
7 9 6.52 5 6 = + =
For maximum power transfer
R
L
6.52 R
TH
= =
SOL 1.18 Option (B) is correct.
Initially (0 ) 0 i =

. Due to inductor (0 ) 0 i =
+
Thus all current I
s
will flow in resistor
R
s
and voltage across inductor will be
(0 ) v
L
+
I R
s s
= but (0 )
( )
, v L
dt
di 0
L
=
+
+
Thus
( )
dt
di 0
+

L
I R
s s
=
SOL 1.19 Option (D) is correct.

t
v
2
2
J 4: = ( ) J
z
J 1
z
2
2
2
2

= +

(25)
.
0
z
1
0 01
20
2
2
2
2
2

= +
+

=
c m
SOL 1.20 Option (D) is correct.
For 0 E
y
= , 2 2 0 sin y x = & 0 y =
2 0 sin x = , & 2 0 x = , , 3 , & 0,
3
x
2

=
SOL 1.21 Option (C) is correct.
For nonmagnetic medium 1
r
=

v c
r

= = ,
10 ,
9
=
8 = ,
8 10
3
10
r
9
8

#
= 5.76
r
& =
SOL 1.22 Option (A) is correct.
I
t
I 1
2
c
2
2
1

= +
b l
or 20 18 1
2
2
2
1

= +
b l
or 0.68 =
SOL 1.23 Option (D) is correct.
Initial 4 10 40 BW
#
= = kHz
Now if deviation is d, then 2 2 2 4 BW d 3
#
= = = kHz
Page 5 EC_Practice Paper E Chapter 1
New Bandwidth 40 4 44 BW= + = kHz
SOL 1.24 Option (C) is correct.
p
6
2
3
1
= = , q 1
3
1
3
2
= =
b l
and 3 n =
Thus Mean 3 1 np
3
1
#
= =
SOL 1.25 Option (C) is correct.
( ) f c l
( )
( ) ( )
1
f f
e e
1 0
1 0
c
& =

=
& c ( 1) log e =
SOL 1.26 Option (A) is correct.
: x 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
Eulers method gives
y
n 1 +
( , ) y h x y
n n n
= + ...(i)
n 0 = in (1) gives
y
1
( , ) y hf x y
0 0 0
= +
Here x 0
0
= , y
0
1 = , . h 0 1 =
y
1
1 0.1 (0, 1) 1 0 1 f = + = + =
0 n = in (1) gives ( , ) y y hf x y
2 1 1 1
= +
1 0.1 (0.1, 1) 1 0.1(0.1) 1 0.01 f = + = + = +
Thus 1.01 y y
( . ) 2 0 2
= =
2 n = in (1) gives
y
3
( , ) 1.01 0.1 (0.2, 1.01) y hf x y f
2 2 2
= + = +
y
3
1.01 0.0202 1.0302 y
( . ) 0 3
= = + =
3 n = in (1) gives
y
3
( , ) 1.01 0.1 (0.2, 1.01) y hf x y f
2 2 2
= + = +
y
3
1.01 0.0202 1.0302 y
( . ) 0 3
= = + =
3 n = in (1) gives
y
4
( , ) 1.0302 0.1 (0.3, 1.0302) y hf x y f
3 3 3
= + = +
1.0302 0.03090 = +
y
4
1.0611 y
( . ) 0 4
= =
Hence y
( . ) 0 4
1.0611 =
SOL 1.27 Option (B) is correct.
tan
dx
dy
y x sec y x
2
=
or, tan y
dx
dy
y x
2 1

sec x =
Put y
1
v y
dx
dy
dx
dv 2
& = =

Substituting in the given equation, we get

tan
dx
dv
v x sec x = or, ( ) tan sec
dx
dv
x v x : + =
Page 6 EC_Practice Paper E Chapter 1
I.F. sec e e x
tan logsec x dx x
= = =
#
sec v x : sec tan x dx c x c
2
= + = +
#

y
1
sin cos x c x = +
or y
1
sin cos x c x = +
SOL 1.28 Option (A) is correct.
e dxdydz
x y z
0
1
0
1
0
1
+ +
# # # [ ] [ ] e dydz e e dydz
x y z y z y z
0
1 1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
= =
+ + + + +
# # # #
[ ] e e dz
y z y z 1
0
1
0
1
=
+ + +
#
[( ) ( )] e e e e dz
z z z z 2 1 1
0
1
=
+ + +
#
( ) [ ] e e e dz e e e 2 2
z z z z z z 2 1 2 1
0
1
0
1
= + = +
+ + + +
#
( 2 ) ( 2 1) e e e e e
3 2 2
= + +
3 3 1 ( 1) e e e e
3 2 3
= + =
SOL 1.29 Option (B) is correct.
l
2
(1.25 )

= 360 ,
2
c

= + tan
2
3

=
Z
in

tan
tan
Z
Z jZ l
Z jZ l
L
L
0
0
0

=
+
+
c m
If tan l 3 = ,

Z
Z
L
0
2
51.2
125
80
2
= =
SOL 1.30 Option (A) is correct.
H 4
#

H
u
y
z
z
2
2
=
E
t 2
2
=
6 ( ) (10 ) sin cos x t u
y
8
=
E 6 ( ) (10 ) sin sin x t u
1
y
8

= #
6.25
0
= ,
v c
r

= = .
3 10
10
6 25
8
8
#
= 0.833 =
E
.
( . )
( ) (10 ) sin sin x t u
6 25 10
6 0 833
y
0
8
8
#

= V/m
903 (0.83 ) (10 ) sin sin x t u
y
8
= V/m
SOL 1.31 Option (B) is correct.
At the boundary normal unit vector
u
n

( )
( )
x y z
x y z
2 3 4
2 3 4
4
4
=
+
+

2 3 4 u u u
29
x y z
=
+
0.37 0.56 0.74 u u u
x y z
= +
Since this vector is found through the gradient, it will point in the direction of
Page 7 EC_Practice Paper E Chapter 1
increasing values of 2 3 4 x y z + , and so will be directed into region 1. Thus
u u
n n21
=
The normal component of H
1
is
H
N1
( ) H u u
N N 1 21 21
: =
H u
N 1 21
: (50 30 20 ) (0.37 0.56 0.74 ) u u u u u u
x y z x y z
: = + +
18.5 16.8 14.8 13.1 = =
( ) H u u
N N 1 21 21
: ( 13.1)(0.37 0.56 0.74 ) u u u
x y z
= +
4.83 7.24 9.66 u u u
x y z
= + A/m
Tangential component of H
1
at the boundary
H
T1
H H
N 1 1
=
(50 30 20 ) ( 4.83 7.24 9.66 ) u u u u u u
x y z x y z
= + +
54.83 22.76 10.34 u u u
x y z
= + A/m
H
T2
H
T1
=
H
N2
H
r
r
N
2
1
1

= ( 4.83 7.24 9.66 ) u u u

5
2
x y z
= +
193 2.90 3.86 u u u
x y z
= + A/m
H
2
(54.83 22.76 10.34 ) H H u u u
T N x y z 2 2
= + = +
6
( 193 2.9 3.86 ) u u u
x y z
+ +
@
52.9 25.66 14.2 u u u
x y z
= +
SOL 1.32 Option (C) is correct.
We assume that the interference is characterized density a zero-mean AWGN
process with power spectral density J
0
. To achieve an error probability of 10
5
, the
required / 10 J
b 0
= we have

/
/
J P
W R
av av

/
N
W R
J 1
u
b
0

=

R
W
( 1)
J
N
b
u
0

=
a k
W ( 1) R
J
N
b
u
0

=
a k
where 10 R
4
= bps, 30 N
u
= and 10
J
b
0

=
Therefore, 2.9 10 W
6
#
= Hz
The minimum chip rate is 2.9 10
T
W
1
c
6
#
= = chips/sec
SOL 1.33 Option (D) is correct.
( ) I x y
j
( ) H y H
x
y
=
a k
where H
x
y
a k
( , )log p x y p
x
y
i j
i
j
j i
2
1
2
1
2
=
= =
b l / /
H
x
y
a k
(1 ) log log log p p q p q q
2 2 2
= (1 ) log q q
2

or H
x
y
a k
log log p p q q
2 2
=
Page 8 EC_Practice Paper E Chapter 1
Thus ( ) I x y
j
( ) log log H y p p q q
2 2
= + +
Which is maximum when ( ) H y is maximum. Since the system output is binary,
( ) H y is maximum when each output has a probability of / 1 2 and, for a symmetrical
channel, is achieved for equally likely inputs. For this case ( ) H y is unity and the
channel capacity is
C 1 log log p p q q
2 2
= + +
SOL 1.34 Option (C) is correct.
Nyquist Rate 2 = MHz
50% higher rate 3 = MHz, 256 2 L
8
= =
Thus transmission bandwidth is 3 MHz 8 24
#
= Mbits/s.
New sampling rate is at 20% above the Nyquist rate.
Sampling rate 1.2 2 2.4
#
= = MHz.
Bits per second
.
24
10
MHz
M
2 4
sec
bits
= = bits
Level 2 1024,
10
= =

N
S
0
0

(
( )
102300 50.1
ln
3 1024
256)
2
2
= = = dB
SOL 1.35 Option (C) is correct.
Since 88 MHz 108 f < <
c
MHz and
f f
'
c c
2f
IF
= if f f <
IF LO
We conclude that in order for the image frequency f
'
c
to fall outside the interval
[88, 108] MHz, the minimum frequency f
IF
is such that
2f
IF
108 88 = or 10 f
If
= MHz
If 10 f
IF
= MHz, then the range of f
LO
is [88 10, 108 10] [98, 118] + + = MHz
SOL 1.36 Option (B) is correct.
A
0
2
1
0
=

> H, ( ) sI A
s
s
s
2
1
2
1
1
2
=
+

> H
( ) t (0) L x
1
=


cos
sin
sin cos
t
t
t t
2
2
2
2 2 2
=
+
+
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
y sin x x t
2
3
2
1 2
= =
SOL 1.37 Option (C) is correct.
( ) GH j
( ) j j
K
2 2
2

=
+ +
( ) GH j + 90 tan
2
2 1
2
c

( ) GH j
( )
K
2 4
2 2 2

=
+
At 0 = , ( ) GH j 90 3 c + = ,
Page 9 EC_Practice Paper E Chapter 1
At 3 = , ( ) GH j 0 270c + = ,
At 1 = , ( ) GH j 153.43
K
5
c + = ,
At 2 = , ( ) GH j 206.6
K
2 18
c + = ,
Due to s there will be a infinite semicircle.
SOL 1.38 Option (B) is correct.
The equivalent forward transfer function
( ) G s
e

1
( )( )
( )
( )( )
s s s
K s
s s s
K
1 4
1
1 4
=
+

+ +
+
+ +

( ) ( ) s s K s K
K
5 4 1
3 2

=
+ + +
( ) e 3
K 1
1
p
=
+
,
K
p
( ) limG s
1
1
s 0
= =
"
( ) e 3
1
1
1
1 1

=
+

=

S
: e

( )
e
e
1
1
1
2 2
2
2

= =

=

c m
SOL 1.39 Option (B) is correct.
Since ( ) x t is real and odd, [ ] X k is purely imaginary and odd. Therefore [ ] [ ] X k X k =
and [0] 0 X = . Since { ] 0 X k = for 1 k > , they only unknown coefficient are [1] X
and [ 1] X
( )
T
x t dt
1
T
2
# [ ] X k
k
2
=
3
3
=
/
For ( ), ( ) x t x t dt
2
1 2
0
2
# [ ] X k
k
2
1
1
=
=
/
& [ ] [ ] X X 1 1
2 2
+ 1 = ,
2 [ ] X 1
2
1 =
[1] X [ 1] X
j
2
= = or [1] [ 1] X X
j
2
= =

Thus there are two solutions
( ) x t
1
sin
j
e
j
e t
2 2
2
2 2
j t j t
2 2
= =

b b l l
( ) x t
2
sin
j
e
j
e t
2 2
2
j t j t
2
2
2
2
= + =

b b l l
SOL 1.40 Option ( ) is correct.
SOL 1.41 Option (B) is correct.
Length of [ ] x n is 8 4 1 5 + = we know that
Page 10 EC_Practice Paper E Chapter 1
[ ] y n [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] h n x n h k x n k
k
= =
3
3
=
*
/
[ ] y n [ ] [ ] h k x n k
k 0
3
=
=
/
[ ] y n [0] [ ] [ ] [ ] h x n h k x n k
k 1
3
= +
=
/
So [ ] x n
[ ]
[ ] [ ] [ ]
h
y n h k x n k
0
1
k 1
3
=
=
= G /
[0] x
[ ]
[ ] [ ] [ ]
h
y n h k x k
0
1
k 1
3
=
=
= G /

[ ]
{ [0] [1] [ 1] [ 2] ...} 6 3
h
y h x h
0
1
2
1
#
= = =
Similarly [1] x
[ ]
[ ] [ ] [ ]
h
y h k x k
0
1
1 1
k 1
3
=
=
= G /

[ ]
{ [1] [1] [0] [2] [ 1] ...}
h
y h x h x
0
1
=
{11 5 3}
2
1
#
=
2
2
4
=

=
Similarly we can find the sequence.
SOL 1.42 Option (A) is correct.
MVI A, DATA1 ; DATA1 " A
MOV B, A ; A " B
SUI 51H ; A - 51H " A
JC DLT ; If CY=1, Jump in DLT
MOV A, B ; B " A
SUI 82H ; A - 82H " A
JC DSPLY ; If CY = 1, Jump on DSPLY
DLT : XRA A ; Clar A
OUT PORT1 ; A " PORT1
DSPLY:MOV A, B ; B " A
OUT PORT2 ; A " PORT2
HLT
If DATA1 is less than 51H, SUI 51H will set the CY flag and execution will jump
on DLT. After this A will be cleared and output at PORT1 will be 00. If DATA1
is greater than 51H and less than or equal to 82H, execution will jump on DSPLY
and DATA1 will be displayed at PORT2.
SOL 1.43 Option (B) is correct.
V
+

. .
.
V
6 8
1
6 8
1
24
1
6 8
12
24
k k
k k
k
o
=
+ +
+
Page 11 EC_Practice Paper E Chapter 1
For 12 V
o
=+ V,
V
+
6.74 = V
For 0 V
o
= V
V
+
5.76 = V
( ) v t
c
( ) V V V e
f f i
RC
t
=

6.74 12 (12 5.76)e RC
t1
=

& t
1
ln
.
.
RC
5 26
6 74
=
RC 6.2 0.033 2.046 10 k
4

# #
= =

t
1
2.046 10
.
.
50.7 ln s
5 26
6 74 4

#
= =
b l
5.26 0 (0 6.74)e RC
t2
=

& t
2
2.046 10
.
.
50.7 ln s
5 26
6 74 4

#
= =

b l
T 2 50.7 t t
1 2

#
= + = 101.4 s =
f .
T
1
9 86 = = kHz
SOL 1.44 Option (B) is correct.
It is a down counter because 0 state of previous FFs change the state of next FF.
You may trace the following sequence, let initial state be 0 0 0
FF C FF B FF A
J K C J K B J K A C
+
B
+
A
+
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
SOL 1.45 Option (B) is correct.
Let 1001 P = and 1010 Q = then
Y
n
P A R
n n n
5 5 = ,
Z
n
R Q P R Q P
n n n n n n
= + +
output is 1111 which is 2s complement of 1 . So it gives P Q . Let another
example 1101 P = and 0110 Q = then output is 00111. It gives P Q .
Page 12 EC_Practice Paper E Chapter 1
SOL 1.46 Option (C) is correct.
By solving the circuit, output voltage v
o
is given as
v
o

R
R
R
R
R
R
v
R
R
v 1
1
1
2
3
4
3
4
2
1
2
1
= +
+

J
L
K
K
K
b b
N
P
O
O
O
l l
So, v
o
(1 10) 10 v v
1 11
11
2 1
= +
+

b l
v
o
10.0833 10 v v v v 11
12
11
2 1 2 1 #
= =
b l
...(i)
Difference mode input voltage is
v
o
v v
1 2
= ...(ii)
Common mode input voltage is
v
cm

v v
2
1 2
=
+
...(iii)
Combining equation (ii) and (iii)
v
1
v
v
2
cm
d
= and v v
v
2
m
d
2
= +
so, v
o
(10.0833) (10) v
v
v
v
2 2
cm
d
cm
d
= +
a a k k
10.042 0.0833 v v
d cm
= +
Page 13 EC_Practice Paper E Chapter 1
v
o
A v A v
d d cm m
= =
Difference mode gain 10.042 A
d
=
Common-mode gain 0.0833 A
cm
=
CMRR(dB) 20log
A
A
cm
d
10
=
c m
20
.
.
41.6 log dB
0 0833
10 042
10
= =
b l
SOL 1.47 Option (C) is correct.
DC Analysis : I I
CQ EQ
=
V
CEQ
5 10 ( ) I R R
CQ C E
= = +
& 5 10 (1.2 0.2 ) I k k
CQ
= +
& I
CQ
3.57 = mA
I
BQ

.
23.8 A
150
3 57
= =
AC Analysis :
r

(150)
.
( . )
1.09 ,
I
V
r
3 57
0 0259
m
k
CQ
t
o
3

= = = =
A
v

( )
v
v
v
I R
s
o
s
b C

= =

,
v
s
( 1) I r R I
b E b
= + +

A
v

( ) r R
R
1
E
C

=
+ +

. ( )( . )
( )( . )
5.75
1 09 151 0 2
150 1 2
k k
k
=
+

=
SOL 1.48 Option (B) is correct.
For TE
10
mode
R
s

1
c

=
f
c

=
.
9 10 4 10
1 1 10
7
9 7
#

# # # #
=

0.0568 =

c

b
f
f
R
a
b
f
f
1
1
2
c
s
c
2
2

+
c
c e
m
m o

.
.
.
.
. .
15 10 233 8
9
3 876
0 0568 1
2 4
2 1 5
9
3 876
3
2
2
# #
#
=
+

1
b
b c
l
l m
0.022 =
Page 14 EC_Practice Paper E Chapter 1
SOL 1.49 Option (B) is correct.

d

2 9 10 2.6 8.85 10
10
9 12
15

# # # # #
=

. 1 3
10
15
=

1 <<
d

, hence v
1
.

.
c
2 6
= ,
.
233.8
2 6
377
. =
f
c

. . 2 2 4 10 2 6
3 10
2
8
# #
#
=

3.876 = GHz

d

f
f
1
c
d
2

=

c m

.
.
2
9
3 876
10 233 8
2
15
#
=

1
b l
1.3 10
13
#
=

Np/m
SOL 1.50 Option (D) is correct.
( ) y t 4[ ( ) ] 10[ ( ) ] cos cos m t t m t t
c c
2
= + + +
4 ( ) 4 10 ( ) 20 ( ) cos cos m t t m t m t t
c c
2
= + + + 5 5 2 cos t
c
+ +
5 4 ( ) 10 ( ) 4[1 5 ( )] cos m t m t m t t
c
2
= + + + + 5 2 cos t
c
+
The AM signal is,
( ) x t
c
4[1 5 ( )] cos m t t
c
= +
( ) m t ( ) Mm t
n
=
( ) x t
c
4[1 5 ( )] cos Mm t t
n c
= +
5 0.8 M = or 0.16 M =
SOL 1.51 Option (C) is correct.
The filter characteristic is shown below
f W
c
2W > or 3 f W >
c
,
f W
c
+ 2f < or f W >
c
Therefore 3 f W >
c
SOL 1.52 Option (B) is correct.
For n
+
polysilicon gate

ms

e
E
2
g
fn
=
b l
0.35
.
2
1 11
fn
=
b l
0.205
fn
& =

fn
ln V
n
N
t
i
d
=
b l
& N
d
1.5 10 e .
.
10
0 0259
0 205
#
=
b l
4 10 cm
13 3
#
=

Page 15 EC_Practice Paper E Chapter 1
SOL 1.53 Option (D) is correct.
For p
+
polysilicion gate

ms

e
E
2
g
fs
= +
b l
& 0.35
.
2
1 11
fn
= +
b l
0.905
fn
& = V
The is impossible, cannot use a p
+
polysilicon gate.
SOL 1.54 Option (D) is correct.
Assume transistor is in saturation
V
S
V
GS
=
I
D

R
V
R
V
I
V
V 0
S
S
S
GS
DSS
P
GS
2
=

= =
b l
,
R
S
1 k =

V
1k
GS
6m =
V
1
4
GS
2

b l
& V
GS
8.86, 181 V =
8.86 V V
GS
= is impossible.
I
D
1.81
R
V
1
181
k
S
GS
= = = mA
SOL 1.55 Option (B) is correct.
V
D
5 (1.18 )(0.4 ) 5 4.276 m k V I R
D D
= = =
V
SD
1.81 ( 4.276) 2.47 V V
S D
= = = V
V
( ) SD sat
4 1.81 2.19 V V
P GS
= = = V
V V >
( ) SD SD sat
, Assumption is correct.
Exclusive Series By Jhunjhunuwala
GATE Questions Cloud
GATE Questions Cloud is an exclusive series of books which offers a completely solved question
bank to GATE aspirants. The book of this series are featured as
Over 1300 Multiple Choice Questions with full & detailed explanations.
Questions are graded in the order of complexity from basic to advanced level.
Contains all previous year GATE and IES exam questions from various
branches
Each question is designed to GATE exam level.
Step by step methodology to solve problems
& Circuit Analysis (May 2012)
&
& (July 2012)
& Control Systems (July 2012)
Electro Magnetic Theory (June 2012)
Digital Electronics
Upcoming titles in this series
Available Title In this series
Signals & Systems
By R. K . Kanodia & Ashish Murolia
For any query or feedback please write to or call at +91-9001005245 enquiry@nodia.co.in
Exclusive Series By Jhunjhunuwala
GATE GUIDE is an exclusive series of books which provides theory, solved examples &
practice exercises for preparing for GATE. A book of this series includes :
Brief and explicit theory
Problem solving methodology
Detailed explanations of examples
Practice Exercises
GATE GUIDE
Theory, Example and Practice
& Circuit Analysis (May 2012)
&
& (July 2012)
& Control Systems (July 2012)
Electro Magnetic Theory (June 2012)
Digital Electronics
Upcoming titles in this series
Available Title In this series
Signals & Systems
By R. K . Kanodia & Ashish Murolia
For any query or feedback please write to or call at +91-9001005245 enquiry@nodia.co.in