&

: .


Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting System

(ACARS)
Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR)
Selective calling radio system (SELCAL)
Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELT)
Traffic alert collision avoidance system (TCAS)
(SatCom)
Automatic Direction Finding (ADF)
VHF Omnidirectional range(VOR)

Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting

System (ACARS) (1/2)
,

1978
97

ARINC
ACARS
VHF
ACARS

,


ACARS
VHF 129 MHz 137 MHz

Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting

System (ACARS) (2/2)

,
,

 ACARS (1/2)
ACARS

Air Traffic Control (ATC)

Aeronautical Operational Control (AOC)
Airline Administrative Control (AAC)

,
220

 ACARS (2/2)
C

.
AOC AAC



.

,
,

 ACARS
(Management Unit - MU)

 ACARS
ACARS

VHF VDL (VHF Data Link)

HF HFDL (HF Data
D t Link)
Li k)

MU / CMU ,

DSP
DSP,

DSP

MU / CMU

, DSP

 ACARS

e-mail

Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR)

1970,

, AMDAR (Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay),

,

, ,
,

H AMDAR
,

Selective calling radio system (SELCAL)

Selective calling

radio system (SELCAL)

,

SELCAL,
-

SELCAL
HF VHF
-

 SELCAL
:

- HF VHF
HF VHF

SELCAL
SELCAL

SELCAL tone frequencies

SELCALtonefrequencies
Character

frequency(Hz)

312.6

346.7

384.6
38
6

426.6

473.2

524.8

582 1
582.1

645.7

716.1

794.3

881 0
881.0

977.2

1083.9

1202.3

1333.5

1479.1

Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELT)

(Emergency Locator

Transmitters
i
- ELT))

ELT VHF UHF

O ELT

,


121.5 z /

243.0 Hz
ELT UHF
4
406.025
5 MHz

 ELT

,


ELT /
ELT

 ELT
ELT,

406.025 MHz, 50 ,
24 ,
.
121.5 243.0 MHz

.

100

ELT

COSPAS-SARSAT,
, (Search And Rescue
- SAR)

 SAR
:

LEO 850
, 3000

GEO
70o N 70o S

(Local User Terminals - LUTs),
LEO
GEO.
(Mission Control Centers
MCC)
(Rescue Coordination Centre RCC)

 SAR

Traffic alert collision avoidance system (TCAS)

,

1960 1970, ACAS

/
,
,

(Closest Point of Approach CPA)

1974 (Federal
Aviation Administration FAA)
Beacon Collision Avoidance System (BCAS)

 TCAS
1981, FAA ,

(Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System
TCAS)
TCAS


.
TCAS

,


TCAS (1/2)


TCAS (1/2)
TCAS ,

(Traffic Alert TA)

(Resolution Advisory
RA).

45
CPA
, 30
CPA, TCAS
RA
TCAS RA
,

 TCAS (1/2)
,

, ,

 TCAS (2/2)
,

,
,



Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR)
TCAS Mode S,
1030 MHz 1090 MHz.


Mode
M d S

ATC
TCAS

 TCAS

 TCAS
TCAS

,
(space diversity)




TCAS
(Mode S) ,
TCAS

 (1/2)

 (2/2)

LEO

LE

,

.

: /
.

.
:

: .
:
.

 (SATCOM)
SATCOM (satellite communications)

HF VHF

SATCOM
: ,
satcom
/
L-band


-

C-band

 SATCOM

 Satcom
/

(vertical stabilizer)

 Satcom
:

: 11525
2 - 1559
1 9 MHz.
MH
: 1626.5 - 1660.5 MHz.
: +28 Vdc.
: 15watt, max 30watt.
: 13.5
13 5 dB gain.
gain

: 70.000ft
: .

-70 C +71 C
: .

: 25,40 cm
: 24.64 cm
: 25.40 cm
: 1.9 kg


(1/3)


(2/3)
/, , TV.

Iridium: , , 66 (crosslinked)
LEO (low earth orbit) 780 km , +7
, 11 (11 planes*6 satellites =66 satellites) 86,4
,
17,000
17 000 mph,
mph
100 (1+40),
,
Ka band (inter-satellite links).
Globalstar: , .
Thuraya: , .
Inmarsat: , .
ViaSat Yonder: , .
Satcom Direct: , .
MTN SatCom: ,


(3/3)

GPS Global Positioning System

GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System)

24 (3 .*8
.
*8 planes = 24) +3
, MEO (medium earth orbit), 19,100
km , , 64.8 ,
11 15
GALILEO - GNSS
.
Galileo Galilei.
BEIDOU-2/COMPASS:
/

BEIDOU-1.
GNSS.

,

(noise temperature).
Pt (4 * * R * f ) 2
(Free Space Loss) FSPL
2
Pr

Pt ,
Pr ,

R -
NoisePower kT s B
Boltzmann, B noise bandwidth
s

 GNSS
GNSS

, .
,

.
,

 GPS (1/3)

(ephemeris, almanac
data)
.

2

,
:
fo 10.23 MHz.
L1 1575.42 MHz (L-band-UHF).
L2 1227.60 MHz (L-band-UHF).

 GPS (2/3)

 GPS (3/3)
:

Pseudo random number (PRN):

1-32
.
Ephemeris data:

.

.
Almanac data:

. 24 .

 GPS / (1/2)
:

Multi-Channel Receiver ():

.
4

Sequential Receiver ():

pseudo
d range.

.
Multiplex
l i l Receiver:
i

 GPS / (2/2)

Reference Oscillator( )
.
RO Frequency Synthesiser
(local oscillator). FS

(Si
(Signall P
Processor))

 GPS /

7x5x0.75 inches

<=5.

Automatic Direction Finding (ADF)

(ADF)

(NDB)



:

(Non

Directional Beacons NDBs)

Automatic Direction Finding (ADF)

(200
(
))

( /
)

 ADF (1/4)
: , ,

, -

 ADF (2/4)

ADF

, ,

 ADF (3/4)

((

)
(NDB),

,

 ADF (4/4)

VHF Omnidirectional range(VOR)

108.00 MHz - 117.95 MHz, 50

KHz

VOR ,

VOR

 VOR

 (VOR)

VOR ,
Doppler

CVOR ,

 VOR

(Conventional VOR - CVOR)

,


CVOR

 VOR

Doppler VOR
H

DVOR

CVOR

 VOR

,
360

 VOR

1020 Hz

AIS

9960 Hz

30 Hz

1 8 0o

CDI/OBS

RMI

OBS