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HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG

KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN





TIU LUN
MN: H thng thng tin qun l & Thng mi in t




Ging vin : Phm Th Qu
Sinh vin : Nguyn Xun Hiu
Lp : D10HTTT2












H Ni,Ngy 29 thng 4 nm 2014

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Mc lc
Tm hiu v giao th Telnet .................................................................................... 3
Chng 1: Tng quan v mng Internet ................................................................. 4
1.1 Gii thiu v mng my tnh ton cu Internet .................................................................... 4
1.1.1 Mng my tnh ................................................................................................................ 4
1.1.2 Mng Internet ................................................................................................................. 4
1.1.3 Giao thc truyn thng v m hnh tham chiu OSI ...................................................... 5
1.2 B giao thc TCP/IP ............................................................................................................... 7
1.2.1 Giao thc chuyn a ch ARP ......................................................................................... 7
1.2.2 Giao thc iu khin truyn tin (Internet Control Message Protocol - ICMP) ............... 8
1.2.3 Giao thc khng kt ni (UDP) ....................................................................................... 8
1.2.4 Giao thc iu khin truyn tin (Transmission Control Protocol - TCP) ........................ 8
1.2.5 Giao thc truyn tp ...................................................................................................... 8
Chng 2: Giao thc Telnet ....................................................................................... 9
2.1 Giao thc Telnet .................................................................................................................... 9
2.2 Cc dch v ca giao thc Telnet ........................................................................................... 9
2.3 Hot ng ca Telnet trong nhng h thng khng ng nht ......................................... 10
2.3.1 Trm o (Network Virtual Terminal-NVT). .................................................................... 11
2.3.2 Cc la chn Telnet ....................................................................................................... 11
2.3.3 Cu trc lnh Telnet ...................................................................................................... 12

Mobile Agent........................................................................................................... 14
Chng 1: Tng quan v Agent ............................................................................... 15
1.1 Gii thiu ............................................................................................................................. 15
1.2 Tnh nng ca Agent............................................................................................................ 15
1.3 Phn loi Agent ................................................................................................................... 15
1.4 Kt lun ............................................................................................................................... 16
Chng 2: Mobile Agent v nguyn l hot ng .............................................. 17
2.1 Khi nim Mobile Agent ...................................................................................................... 17
2.2 Tnh cht Mobile Agent ....................................................................................................... 18
2.3 Nguyn l hot ng ........................................................................................................... 18
2.4 Li ch Mobile Agent ........................................................................................................... 18
2.5 Cc ng dng ca Mobile Agent ......................................................................................... 19
2.6 Mt s h thng Mobile Agent ........................................................................................... 10
2.7 Cc tnh nng h tr ca h thng Mobile Agent. .............................................................. 22
2.8 Kt lun ............................................................................................................................... 23
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H thng thng tin qun l



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Chng 1. Tng quan v mng Internet

1.1 Gii thiu v mng my tnh ton cu Internet.
1.1.1 Mng my tnh.
Mng my tnh l h thng cc my tnh c lp c kt ni vi nhau. Hai my tnh c
gi l c kt ni vi nhau nu chng c kh nng trao i thng tin. S kt ni c th thng
qua dy dn, tia Laser, sng in t hay v tinh vin thng... Vic kt ni cc my tnh c
nhng u im sau y:
- S dng chung ti nguyn: D liu, chng trnh v cc thit b c th c dng chung
bi ngi dng t cc my tnh trn mng.
- Tng tin cy ca h thng thng tin: Nu mt my tnh hay mt n v d liu no
b hng th lun c th s dng mt my tnh khc hay mt bn sao khc ca d liu, nh
, kh nng mng b ngng s dng c gim thiu.
- To ra mi trng truyn thng mnh gia nhiu ngi s dng trn phm vi a l rng:
Mc tiu ny ngy cng tr nn quan trng nht l khi mng my tnh pht trin trn
phm vi ton cu nh ngy nay.
- Tit kim chi ph: Do ti nguyn c dng chung, h thng tin cy hn nn chi ph thit
b v bo dng ca mng my tnh thp hn so vi trng hp my tnh ring l.

Lin mng my tnh (Internetworking hay Internet) l mt cng ngh c a ra nhm
kt ni cc mng thnh mt th thng nht. Cng ngh Internet che du i kin trc vt l ca
mng v cho php my tnh truyn thng mt cch c lp vi lin kt vt l ca mng. Mt
lin mng kh quen thuc vi chng ta l mng Internet.
1.1.2 Mng Internet.
Internet l mt t hp hng triu my c kt ni vi nhau thng qua giao thc TCP/IP
c th chia s thng tin vi nhau, trong c loi my tnh, v chng s dng nhiu h
iu hnh khc nhau.Thng tin trn Internet gm loi t th in t (Email), cc File
ho n Video v cn nhiu thng tin khc c cung cp bi nhng ngi s dng Internet.
Nhng my ch (Host) mnh thng s dng nhng h iu hnh a nhim, v d nh
UNIX, ngi s dng kt ni vo. Nhng my ch c nh v ti cc im nh th vin,
cc trng i hc, cc t chc, cc i l, cc cng ty trn ton th gii. Nhng my ch ny
c kt ni vi nhau qua ng in thoi v ch mt khong 640/1000 giy bt u
nhn thng bo t Bc M ti Nam cc.

1.1.2.1 Cc dch v mc ng dng trn Internet.
- Th in t (Electronic mail) Cho php ngi dng ngi trc my tnh ti nh mnh gi
E-mail ti bt c ai u trn th gii nu h c a ch E-mail. H c th tham gia cc
nhm tho lun (Discussion group) v nhng ti khc nhau hay bt u mt nhm mi
v nhng ch m h a thch.
- Truyn file (File Transfer) Nu cn mt chng trnh phn mm mi nh cc tin ch nn
file, cc chng trnh dit virus, mt phn mm tr chi, hnh nh hay m thanh, ngi
dng c th ti xung bt c lc no vi File Transfer.
- Truy nhp t xa (Remote login) C l iu th v nht trong cc ng dng ca Internet l
Remote login, n cho php ngi dng kt ni vo mt my tnh xa nh mt trm cui
s dng my tnh .

1.1.2.2 Dch v mc mng ca Internet.
Mt lp trnh vin vit chng trnh ng dng trn Internet cn c mt ci nhn khc vi
ngi ch n gin s dng dch v Internet. tng mng, Internet cung cp 2 kiu dch v
m cc ng dng ca Internet thng dng
l:
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- Dch v truyn khng kt ni (Connectionless Paket Delivery Service) l mt phng thc
truyn d liu m cc mng chuyn mch gi cung cp. iu ny ch n gin l mng
Internet chuyn cc gi tin t my ny sang my khc da vo thng tin a ch ca gi
n ch ca n. Vic chia nh gi tin truyn ny c mt u im l nu mt ng i b
bn hoc b t, th cc gi c th c truyn theo mt ng khc.
- Dch v truyn tin cy (Reliable Stream Transport Service) Phn ln cc ng dng i hi
nhiu dch v hn ch truyn thng khng kt ni bi v chng cn t ng sa li, kim
tra tnh ton vn ca thng tin truyn i trn mng.
1.1.3 Giao thc truyn thng v m hnh tham chiu OSI
1.1.3.1 Giao thc truyn thng.
Cc my tnh trn mng c th trao i thng tin vi nhau thng qua mt b nhng phn
mm cng lm vic theo mt chun no . Giao thc truyn thng (Protocol) l tp hp cc
quy tc quy nh phng thc truyn nhn thng tin gia cc my tnh trn mng.
Cc mng my tnh hin i c thit k bng cch phn chia cu trc mc cao
nhm lm gim s phc tp khi thit k. Cc giao thc mng thng c chia lm cc tng
(Layer), mi tng c xy dng da trn dch v ca tng di n v cung cp dch v
cho tng cao hn.

1.1.3.2 M hnh tham chiu OSI (Open Systems Interconect Referent model)
M hnh mng my tnh do t chc tiu chun ho quc t (International Standard
Organization - ISO) a ra nm 1983 c gi l m hnh tham chiu cc h thng m (Open
Systems Interconect referent model - OSI). M hnh tham chiu OSI cha 7 tng m t chc
nng ca giao thc truyn thng. Mi tng ca m hnh OSI miu t mt chc nng c thc
hin khi d liu di chuyn gia cc ng dng gia cc mng.


Hnh 1-1-3-2. M hnh tham chiu OSI

Cc lp giao thc c xp chng lp n trn lp kia. Chnh s xut hin ca n, cu trc
thng c gi l Stack hoc giao thc xp chng.
Hai h thng khc nhau c th truyn thng vi nhau nu chng bo m nhng nguyn
tc chung (ci t cng mt giao thc truyn thng). Cc chc nng c t chc thnh mt
tp cc tng ng mc cung cp chc nng nh nhau. Cc tng ng mc phi s dng mt
giao thc chung.
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Mt tng khng nh ngha mt giao thc n, n nh ngha mt chc nng truyn
thng c th c thi hnh bi mt s giao thc. Do vy, mi tng c th cha nhiu giao
thc, mi giao thc cung cp mt dch v ph hp cho chc nng ca tng. V d c giao thc
truyn file (File Transfer Protocol - FTP) v giao thc th in t (Simple Mail Transfer
Protocol - SMTP) u cung cp dch v cho ngi dng v c hai u thuc tng ng dng.
Mi mc ngang hng giao thc truyn thng (s b xung ca cc giao thc cng mc tng
ng trn h thng khc). Mi mc phi c chun ho giao tip vi mc tng ng
vi n. Trn l thuyt, giao thc ch bit n nhng g lin quan ti lp ca n m khng quan
tm ti mc trn hoc di ca n. Tuy nhin phi c s tho thun chuyn d liu gia
cc tng trn mt my tnh, bi mi tng li lin quan ti vic gi d liu t ng dng ti mt
ng dng tng ng trn mt my khc. Tng cao hn da vo tng thp hn chuyn
d liu qua mng pha di. D liu chuyn xung ngn xp t tng ny xung tng thp hn
cho ti khi c truyn qua mng nh giao thc ca tng vt l. u nhn, d liu i ln
ngn xp ti ng dng nhn. Nhng tng ring l khng cn bit cc tng trn v di n x
l ra sao, n ch cn bit cch chuyn nhn thng tin t cc tng . S c lp cc hm truyn
thng trn cc tng khc nhau gim thiu s tch hp cng ngh ca u vo mi b giao
thc. Cc ng dng mi c th thm vo m khng cn thay i tng vt l ca mng, phn
cng c th c b sung m khng cn vit li cc phn mm ng dng.

a) Tng vt l (Physical layer).
- Tng vt l lin quan ti vic truyn dng bit gia cc my bng knh truyn thng vt l,
y, cu trc ca d liu khng c quan tm n.
- Vic thit k tng vt l cn quan tm n cc vn v ghp ni c kh, in t, th tc
v mi trng truyn tin bn di n, v d mc in p tng ng vi bit 0 - 1, thi gian
tn ti ca xung...

b) Tng lin kt gi liu (Data link layer).
- Lin kt, thit lp, duy tr, hu b cc lin kt d liu l nhim v ca tng lin kt d liu.
- Ngoi ra tng lin kt d liu cn kim sot li ng truyn, thng lng. Tng ny thc
hin vic ng gi thng tin gi thnh cc frame, gi cc frame mt cch tun t i trn
mng, x l cc thng bo xc nhn (Acknowledgement frame) do bn nhn gi v. Xc
nh ranh gii gia cc frame bng cch ghi mt s byte c bit vo u v cui frame.
Gii quyt vn thng lng truyn gia bn gi v bn nhn (Vn ny c th c
gii quyt bi mt s lp trn).

c) Tng mng (Network layer).
- Vn ch cht ca tng mng l routing (dn ng), nh r cc gi tin (packet) c
truyn theo nhng con ng no t ngun n ch. Cc con ng ny c th c nh,
t b thay i, c thit lp khi bt u lin kt hay ng (dynamic) thay i tu theo
trng thi ti ca mng.
- Nu c nhiu gi tin truyn trn mng c th xy ra tnh trng tc nghn, tng mng phi
gii quyt vn ny.
- Thc hin chc nng giao tip vi cc mng bao gm vic nh li a ch, ct hp gi tin
cho ph hp vi cc mng.
Ngoi ra tng mng cn thc hin mt s chc nng k ton, v d, mt s Firewall
(Packet Filtering) c ci t trn tng ny thng k s lng cc gi tin truyn qua mng
hay ngn cm hoc cho php cc gi tin ca giao thc no .

d) Tng giao vn (Transport layer).
- Kim sot vic truyn tin t nt ti nt (end-to-end): Bt u t tng ny, cc thc th
c th ni chuyn mt cch logic vi nhau.
- Thc hin vic ghp knh v phn knh: Mi ng dng c th gi d liu i theo nhiu
con ng, mt ng truyn li c th c nhiu ng dng s dng, phn knh/hp
knh gii quyt vn phn chia d liu cho cc ng dng.
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- Khc phc sai st trong qu trnh truyn tin: Vic khc phc sai st c thc hin trn
nhiu tng khc nhau, nhng hiu qu nht l cc tng cao, vic khc phc sai st thc
hin tng giao vn l hp l nht.

e) Tng phin (Session layer).
- Tng ny cho php ngi s dng trn cc my khc nhau thit lp, duy tr, hu b, ng
b phin truyn thng gia h. Cung cp mt s dch v hu ch cho ngi s dng nh
cho php ngi dng logon vo h thng chia s thi gian, truyn tp gia cc my tnh.
- Qun l th bi (Token): c ch th bi c tng phin cung cp trnh hin tng
tranh chp ng truyn trn mng.
- Thc hin ng b (Synchronization): thc hin i vi nhng d liu ln bng cch thm
vo cc thng tin kim tra, sa li.

f) Tng trnh din (Presentation layer).
- Gii quyt vn lin quan ti c php v ng ngha ca thng tin nh chuyn i thng
tin theo mt chun no c c hai bn s dng (m ASCII - EDBCDIC).
- Nn/gin d liu gim s lng bit truyn trn mng.
- M ho d liu thc hin quyn truy cp.

g) Tng ng dng (Application layer).
- Tng ng dng cung cp giao din s dng cho ngi dng v mi trng truyn tin.
- Thc hin chc nng chuyn file trong c gii quyt vn khng tng thch nh
cch t tn file hay cc m iu khin trong mt tp vn bn...
- Cung cp cc dch v Electronic mail, Remote login, Directory lookup...

1.2 B giao thc TCP/IP.
1.2.1 Giao thc chuyn a ch ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) v giao thc chuyn
ngc a ch RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol).
Mi my tnh cng nm trn mt mng c cng mt net id v cc my tnh cng trn mt
mng vt l c th gi frame vt l trc tip cho nhau nn vic truyn thng tin gia hai my
tnh trong cng mt mng vt l khng cn s dng Gateway. Vic dn ng trc tip ch s
dng phn a ch my host id trong a ch IP. Trm gi ch vic kt khi d liu vo frame,
chuyn a ch IP ca trm ch thnh a ch vt l v gi trc tip frame ti my nhn.
Mt c ch s dng chuyn a ch IP thnh a ch vt l l ARP (Address
Resolusion Protocol). Khi hai my tnh cng ni vo mt mng vt l, chng bit c
a ch IP ca nhau nhng truyn thng gia hai my, chng phi bit c a ch
vt l ca nhau. ARP gii quyt vn chuyn t a ch IP 32 bit sang a ch Ethernet
48 bit. Ngi ta s dng hai c ch chuyn a ch l:
+ Chuyn giao trc tip.
+ Chuyn gio gin tip.
Chuyn giao trc tip:
a ch vt l l mt hm ca a ch IP, v d s dng trn mng Token ring proNET-
10 l mng cho php t a ch IP v a ch vt l ty . Ngi ta c th t a ch IP l
192.5.48.3 v a ch vt l l 3, khi ta c PA=f(IA). Vi PA l a ch vt l, IA l a ch
Internet v f l hm chuyn i.
Chuyn giao gin tip
Chuyn giao a ch ng c thc hin bng cch my tnh gi thng tin gi mt
thng bo ti ton b cc my tnh trn mng, trong thng bo c cha a ch IP ca
my tnh n cn lin lc, mi my s nhn c thng bo v my no thy a ch IP ca
mnh th tr li mt thng bo cha a ch vt l, khi , hai my tnh c th ni
chuyn vi nhau.
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1.2.2 Giao thc iu khin truyn tin (Internet Control Message Protocol - ICMP)
Vic dn ng qua cc mng s dng giao thc iu khin truyn tin (Internet Control
Message Protocol - ICMP) c nh ngha trong RFC 792. ICMP s dng gi tin IP chuyn
thng bo ca n. ICMP gi cc thng bo lm cc cng vic: iu khin, thng bo li v
chc nng thng tin cho TCP/IP Thng thng ICMP c gi khi mt gi tin khng th i
ti ch, mt gateway khng cn ch nh nhn thm gi tin hay mt gateway hng
dn my tnh s dng gateway khc truyn thng tin theo mt con ng ti u hn.

1.2.3 Giao thc khng kt ni (User Datagram Protocol UDP).
UDP cho php chng trnh ng dng truy cp trc tip n gi tin ca dch v chuyn
giao ging nh dch v m giao thc IP cung cp. N cho php ng dng trao i thng tin
qua mng vi t thng tin iu khin nht. UDP l giao thc khng kt ni, km tin cy v n
khng c c ch kim tra tnh ng n ca d liu truyn.

1.2.4 Giao thc iu khin truyn tin (Transmission Control Protocol - TCP).
Mt s ng dng i hi giao thc giao vn cung cp dch v chuyn giao thng tin tin cy
s dng TCP bi n cung cp dch v kim tra ng n v d liu c truyn vi mt s
phi hp thch hp. Mt s c im ca dch v tin cy m TCP cung cp l:
- Hng dng (Stream Orientation): TCP coi d liu n gi i l mt dng byte khng phi
l gi tin. Do , TCP m bo s th t ca cc byte gi nhn. TCP chun khng bt h
thng phi s dng mt s c bit no nh s dng byte, mi h thng t chn mt
s m n s dng lm im bt u. Mi trm cui phi bit s th t m trm kia dng.
- Chuyn giao b m (Buffered Transfer): gim s lng truyn thng, giao thc c
gng s dng s lng ti thiu cc segment truyn ti thng tin, do vy, giao thc s
dng ti a di c th ca segment.
- Kt ni hai chiu (Full Duplex Connection): TCP/IP cung cp kt ni cho c hai u ca lin
kt. iu ny c ngha l tng pha di cung cp kh nng gi tr thng bo t trm ch
tr li trm ngun. TCP l giao thc hng kt ni. N thit lp quan h logic gia 2 trm
tham gia lin kt.
1.2.5 Giao thc truyn tp.
y l mt phng php sao chp tp t mt my tnh xa v my tnh ca ngi dng
ta c th ngi ti my tnh ca mnh truyn hoc ly File trn mt my ch no


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Chng 2. Giao thc Telnet.

2.1 Giao thc Telnet.
Mt trong nhng k thut ch yu s dng trn mng my tnh l kh nng truy cp h
thng t xa. l vic ngi s dng c th thc hin c mt ng dng trn mt my tnh
t xa. Trong cc giao thc cho php truy cp t xa c hiu qu, ng ch nht l giao thc
Telnet. B giao thc TCP/IP bao gm mt giao thc trm lm vic xa n gin, gi l Telnet,
cho php ngi s dng login vo my tnh thng qua Internet. Telnet thit lp mt kt
ni TCP, sau gi cc tn hiu ca ngi s dng n trc tip my tnh xa y nh chng
c nhp vo bn phm trc tip vi my tnh xa. Telnet cng chuyn ti d liu xut t
my tnh xa ngc tr v mn hnh ca ngi s dng. Dch v ny c gi l trong sut
(transparent) v n cho ta cm gic nh l bn phm v mn hnh ca ngi s dng ni trc
tip vo my tnh xa.
Thng thng, phn mm Telnet Client cho php ngi s dng xc nh mt my xa
bng cch ch ra tn min hoc a ch IP ca n. Giao thc Telnet cung cp mt giao din
chun, thng qua mt chng trnh mt my (Telnet Client) c th khai thc ti nguyn
mt my khc (Telnet Server). V d, mt ngi s dng my trm ca mng LAN c th kt
ni vi mt my trong mng nh th l mt my trm kt ni trc tip vi my .


Hnh 2-1. S lm vic ca giao thc Telnet

2.2 Cc dch v ca giao thc Telnet.
Telnet cung cp ba dch v c bn. Trc ht, n nh ngha mt trm mng o cung
cp mt giao tip chun cho cc h xa. Chng trnh Client khng phi hiu chi tit tt c
cc h xa; chng c xy dng s dng giao tip chun. Th hai, Telnet bao gm mt
c ch cho php Client v Server thng tho cc la chn, n cung cp mt tp hp cc la
chn chun. Cui cng, trong Telnet th hai u ca kt ni l i xng. C th, Telnet khng
bt buc d liu nhp ca Client phi n t bn phm, n cng khng bt buc Client phi
th hin d liu xut ra mn hnh. Nh th, Telnet cho php mt chng trnh bt k c th
ng vai tr Client v hai u ca kt ni c th thng tho v cc la chn.

10


Hnh 2-2. M hnh i xng ca Telnet.

Qua hnh ny chng ta thy, khi ngi s dng gi Telnet, th mt chng trnh ng
dng trn my ca ngi s dng tr thnh Client. Sau , Client ny thit lp kt ni TCP
n Server m chng s thng tin lin lc. Mt khi kt ni c thit lp, Client s nhn
cc k t bn phm ca ngi s dng v gi chng n Server , trong khi n cng ng
thi nhn cc k t m Server gi ngc tr v v th hin n ln mn hnh ca ngi s
dng. Server phi nhn mt kt ni TCP t Client v ri chuyn d liu i gia kt ni TCP ny
v h iu hnh cc b.Trong thc t, Server phc tp hn nhiu so vi nhng g trnh by
trong hnh ny bi v n phi x l ng thi nhiu kt ni. Thng thng, mt tin trnh
Server ch i cc kt ni mi v to ra Server ph mi x l mi kt ni. Nh th Telnet
Server nh trong hnh th hin cho Server ph x l mt kt ni c th. Hnh ny khng
trnh by Server ch - lng nghe cc yu cu mi, n cng khng trnh by nhng Server
ph x l nhng kt ni khc.
Chng ta s dng khi nim trm lm vic o m t u vo ca h iu hnh, ni
cho php mt chng trnh chy, ging nh Telnet Server, truyn cc k t dn h iu hnh
ging nh l chng c nhp t bn phm. Nu h thng trm lm vic o, th Telnet Server
c th c ci t vi cc chng trnh ng dng. Mi Server ph kt ni mt dng TCP t
mt Client n mt trm lm vic o.
Vic b tr Telnet Server l mt chng trnh mc ng dng c c u im ln
khuyt im. u im ln nht l n lm cho vic sa i v kim sot ca Server d hn so
vi trng hp chng c nhng vo trong h iu hnh. Khuyt im hin nhin nht l s
km hiu qu. Mi k t nhp t bn phm ca ngi s dng s di chuyn qua h iu hnh
n chng trnh Client, t chng trnh Client ngc tr v h iu hnh v i qua
Internet n c my ch. Sau khi n c my ch, d liu li phi di chuyn ngc
ln h iu hnh ca Server n chng trnh ng dng ca Server, v t chng trnh
ng dng Server ngc tr v h iu hnh ca Server ti im vo ca trm lm vic o.
Cui cng, h iu hnh xa s chuyn pht k t ny n chng trnh ng dng m ngi
s dng ang chy. Trong khi , kt xut di chuyn ngc tr v t Server n Client theo
cng mt con ng nh vy.

2.3 Hot ng ca Telnet trong nhng h thng khng ng nht.

cho Telnet hot ng c trong cng nhiu h khc nhau cng tt n phi chp
nhn c cc chi tit ca nhiu h iu hnh khc nhau. V d mt s h yu cu cc dng
vn bn c kt thc bi k t ASCII carriage control (CR), nhng h khc li yu cu k t
ASCII linefeed (LF). Li c nhng h yu cu chui hai k t CR-LF. Thm vo , hu ht cc
h tng tc cun cp phng tin ngi s dng a vo t bn phm k hiu ngt mt
chn trnh ang chy. Tuy nhin, k hiu c bit c s dng ngt mt chn trnh li
khc nhau ty vo trong h thng (v d, mt s h s dng Control C c h li s dng
ESCAPE). chp nhn c nhiu h khc nhau, Telnet nh ngha cch d liu v cc lnh
c gi qua Internet. nh ngha ny c gi l Trm o (Network Virtual Terminal). Trong
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hnh di, phn mm Client chuyn i cc k hiu cc bn phm v chui lnh t trm ca
ngi s dng thnh dng NVT v gi chng ti Server. Phn mm Server li chuyn i d
liu v cc lnh gi n t dng NVT thnh dng m h xa yu cu. i vi d liu tr v,
Server chuyn i t dng ca h xa thnh NVT v phn mm Client li chuyn t dng NVT
thnh dng ca my cc b.


Hnh 2-3. S kt ni TCP trn Internet.

2.3.1 Trm o (Network Virtual Terminal-NVT).
NVT gm mt mn hnh v mt bn phm. Bn phm thc hin vic gi d liu thng qua
kt ni Telnet. Mn hnh nhn d liu gi v. c trng c bn ca mi NVT, nu n khng b
thay i bi nhng tho thun chung l:
- Biu din d liu l tp hp k t ASCII chun 7 bit hoc l tp hp k t 8 bit.
- NVT l mt thit b x l ng thi.
- NVT cung cp mt b phn bo hiu li (Local echo function).
nh ngha ca dng NVT tng i n gin. Mi thng tin lin lc u s dng cc byte
- 8bit. Tp hp k t ASCII chun gm 95 k t in c v 33 m iu khin. Chun NVT nh
ngha ngha ca cc k t iu khin nh sau:

Command ASCII Action
Null (NUL) 0 No operation
Bell (BEL) 7 Sound audible/visible signal(no motion)
Backspace(BS) 8 Move left one character position
Horizontal (HT) 9 Move right to the next horizontal tab stop
Line Feed (LF) 10 Move down(vertically) to the next line
Vertical Tab(VT) 11 Move down to the next vertical tab stop
Form Feed (FF) 12 Move to the top of the next page
Carridge Return (CR) 13 Move to the left margin on the current line
Other control - No operation (has no effect on output)
Hnh 2-3-1. Cc k t iu khin NVT.

2.3.2 Cc la chn Telnet.
Telnet bao gm mt c ch cho php Client v Server thng tho cc la chn, n cung
cp mt tp hp la chn chun (v d, mt trong nhng la chn ny l iu khin vic
truyn d liu qua kt ni s s dng tp hp k t ASCII chun 7 bit hoc l tp hp kt 8
bit). Trong Telnet, ta c th thng tho cc chn la, iu ny gip cho Client v Server c
th cu hnh li kt ni ca chng. V d, thng thng dng d liu chuyn i d liu 7 bit v
s dng cc octet c bit th 8 c lp gi i thng tin iu khin nh lnh ngt tin
trnh. Tuy nhin, Telnet cng cung cp mt la chn cho php Client v Server gi i d
liu 8 bit. thc hin qu trnh , Client v Server phi thng tho vi nhau v c hai
cng phi thng nht truyn d liu 8 bit trc khi bt u vic truyn d liu. Telnet cung
cp rt nhiu la chn cho ngi s dng. V d, giao thc c thit k trong mi trng
12

mt chiu (half-duplex), l ni h thng cn thng bo cho u kia bt u tin hnh trc
khi c th gi d liu. Mt trong la chn l iu khin hot ng ca Telnet trong ch
halfduplex hoc full-duplex. C la chn khc cho php Server trn my xa xc nh kiu
trm lm vic ca ngi s dng.

Name Code RFC Meaning
Transmit Binary 0 856 Change transmision to 8 bit binary
Echo 1 857 Allow one side to echo data it receives
Suppress - GA 3 858 Suppress Go-ahead signal after data
Status 5 859 Request for status of a Telnet option from remote site
Timing-Mark 6 860 Request timing mark be inserted in return stream to
Synchronize two ends of a connection
Terminal-Type 24 884 Exchange information about the make and model of a
Terminal being used
End-of-Record 25 885 Terminate data sent with EOR code
Linemode 34 1116 Use local editing and send complete lines instead of
Individual characters
Hnh 2-3-2. Mt s la chn thng dng ca Telnet

Vic thng tho cc la chn trong Telnet.
Trong mt s la chn c th, Server thng l pha khi ng vic thng tho. V th,
cc giao thc c thit k sao cho u no cng c th a ra yu cu. Giao thc ny c
gi l i xng vi tin trnh chn la. Ni nhn c th p ng li yu cu bng vic chp
nhn hoc t chi. Trong thut ng ca Telnet, yu cu l WILL X, c ngha l bn ng
ti s dng la chn X v li p c th l DO X hay DONT, c ngha l ti ng bn s
dng la chn X hay l ti khng ng bn s dng la chn X.
Nh vy. chng ta c th tm tt nh sau: Telnet s dng mt c ch thng tho chn
la i xng cho php Client v Server cu hnh li cc tham s iu khin vic tng tc
gia chng. Bi v, tt c cc phn mm Telnet hiu giao thc c bn ca NVT, Client v
Server c th hp tc vi nhau ngay c khi mt bn hiu c s la chn cn bn kia th
khng.

2.3.3 Cu trc lnh Telnet
Vic giao tip gia Client v Server c thc hin bi cc lnh bn trong m ngi s
dng khng th truy cp. Tt c cc lnh Telnet bao gm 2-3 byte lin tip, tu theo loi lnh.
Telnet NVT chp nhn cc chc nng iu khin bng vic nh ngha cch chng c
chuyn t Client n Server. V mt khi nim chng ta xem nh NVT nhp d liu t bn
phm, c th pht sinh nhiu hn 128 k t. Gi nh bn phm ca ngi s dng c nhng
phm o tng ng vi nhng chc nng c s dng cho vic iu khin.
Trong thc t, hu ht cc bn phm khng cung cp thm cc phm thc hin cc lnh.
Thay vo , tng h iu hnh hoc trnh bin dch lnh c nhng cch khc nhau to ra
chng. Mt trong nhng k thut thng dng nht : lin kt tng k t ASCII vi chc nng
iu khin khi ngi s dng g mt phm, h iu hnh s thc hin thao tc thch hp
thay v nhn k t lm nhp d liu. NVT c thit k cc lnh tch ri khi tp k t
ASCII thng thng, v hai l do. Trc ht, vic nh ngha cc chc nng iu khin ring
bit lm cho Telnet lm vic uyn chuyn hn. N c th truyn tt c k t ACSII gia Client
v Server, cng nh cc chc nng iu khin c th c. Th hai, bng vic tch ri cc tn
hiu khi d liu thng thng, NVT cho php Client xc nh cc tn hiu mt cch chnh xc
rng k t nhp vo l d liu hay chc nng iu khin. gi chc nng iu khin qua kt
ni TCP, Telnet m ho chng theo kiu chui escape. Chui escape s dng octet ngc
ch rng tip theo sau l cc octet m iu khin. Trong Telnet, octet ngc bt u mt
chui escape c gi l octet IAC(interrupt as command)

13



Command Code Meaning
SB 249 Start of option sub-negotiation
SE 240 End of option sub-negotiation
WILL 251 Agreement to perform specified option
WONT 252 Refusal to perform specified option
DO 253 Approval to allow specified option
DONT 254 Denial of request to perform specified option
NOP 241 No operation
EOR 239 End of record
Hnh 2-3-3. Cu trc lnh Telnet.

c th thc hin vic thng tho cc la chn Telnet s dng cc lnh bn trong. Cc
la chn c th c thng tho bng cc m lnh: WILL, DO, DONT, WONT. Ngoi ra, mt
s la chn cn c cc la chn ph: nu c hai bn ng vi la chn, chng s dng lnh
SB v SE qun l la chn ph. Mt v d n gin, vic thng tho cc la chn c
thc hin nh sau:

Send Reply Meaning
DO transmit binary WILL transmit binary
DO window size WILL window size Can we negotiate window size?
SB window size Specify window size
DO terminal type WILL terminal type Can we negotiate terminal type?
SB terminal type SE
SB terminal type
IBM=3278-2 SE
My terminal is a 3278-2
DO echo WONT echo

Mt s lnh c bn ca Telnet.
Mc ch chnh ca giao thc Telnet l cung cp giao din chun cho cc host trn mng.
Telnet nh ngha mt biu din chun qua cc chc nng cho php kt ni c bt u:
IP Interrupt Process (terminate running program)
AO Abort Output (discard any buffered output)
AYT Are You There(test if server is respondng)
EC Earse Character (delete the previous character)
EL Earse Line (delete the entire current line)
SYNCH Synchronize (clear data path until TCP urgent data point)
14

























































Thng mi in t



15

Chng 1. Tng quan v Agent.

1.1 Gii thiu.
C nhiu nh ngha cho software agent, ta c th tham kho mt s nh ngha sau:
Mt agent l mt thnh phn phn mm v/hoc phn cng m c kh nng hoat ng chnh
xc hon thnh nhim v thay mt ch nhn ca agent. (Nwana, 1996)
Trn mng Internet, mt agent (c khi c gi l intelligent agent) l mt chng trnh
thu thp thng tin hoc thc thi mt s dch v khc m khng cn ngi iu khin v hot
ng theo thi gian c ln lch sn. Mt agent i khi c gi l 1 bot ( vit tt ca
robot ).
Mt v d v agent l chng trnh Infogate. Chng trnh ny c chc nng thu thp cc
tin tc mi v lnh vc ngi dng quan tm v t ng gi thng bo n ngi dng khi
c tin mi

1.2 Tnh nng ca Agent.
- Tnhttr(autonomous).
Agent c kh nng t kim sot nhng hot ng ca chnh n v lm vic, thi hnh cc
tc v c lp vi ngi dng cng nh cc tc nhn khc
- Tnhthchnghivthchi(adaptive/learning).
Agent bit cch hc v t thay i cc hnh vi ca n theo cc kinh nghim thu c.
- Bnvngtrongqutrnhhotng(persistent).
T tn ti v thch nghi trong mi trng hot ng, ch b hy khi hon thnh nhim v
- Hotnghngch(goaldriven).
Mi agent c to ra u c mt mc ch v n hnh ng theo mc ch ny cho n
khi mc ch c tha mn.
- Giaotipvcngtc(communicative/collaborative).
Agent c kh nng lin lc, giao tip v phi hp hot ng vi cc agent ca cng mi
trng khc hay cc loi i tng khc trong cc loi mi trng khc.
- Linhhot(flexible).
Agent c th hot ng trong nhiu mi trng, h iu hnh khc nhau.
- Tnhdin(mobility).
L kh nng di chuyn t mi trng thi hnh ny sang mi trng khc ca mt agent.

1.3 Phn loi Agent.
Cc agent thng c phn loi theo tnh nng v mc ch.
Phn loi theo tnh nng.
- Agent tnh (Stationary agent).
+ c tnh: ch lm vic trn mt h thng, ni m agent bt u vng i.
+ Nu Stationary agent cn thng tin mt h thng khc hoc mun tng tc vi
agent nm h thng khc th chng phi s dng mt trong cc c ch truyn
thng khc nh RPC, RMI, DCOM...
- Agent ng.
+ Khng l thuc vo h thng ni chng bt u lm vic.
+ C kh nng di chuyn t ni ny n ni khc trong h thng mng my tnh ti
nhng thi im v v tr do agent la chn.
+ Khi mobile agent di chuyn, n c th mang theo mnh trng thi v m
chng trnh.
Phn loi theo mc ch.
16


Hnh 1-3. Phn loi Agent theo mc ch

- Collaborative agent.
Collaborative agent l mt chng trnh gip ngi dng gii quyt vn , c bit
trong nhng trng hp phc tp khng quen thuc, bng cch sa li, ngh nn lm
g tip theo v ch n nhng vn cp thp. Mt Collaborative agent c th c
thm vo mt giao din ngi dng c sn,v d cc chng trnh gi lp hoc tch
hp vo thit k ca mt ng dng phn cng mi nh gia dng.

- Interface agent.
Interface agent l mt chng trnh c th nh hng n giao din trc tip,
nhng khng c s hng dn trc tip t ngi dng. Interface agent c d liu
ngi dng nhp vo giao din v n c th to ra s thay i ti i tng ngi dng
thy trn mn hnh, mc d c th s thay i khng phi din ra ngay ng vi ng
dng ca ngi dng. Interface agent c th quan st nhiu tham s nhp vo ca ngi
dng trong mt khong thi gian no trc khi quyt nh thc hin mt hnh ng.

- Smart/Intelligents
C y c 3 mc ch: giao tc , t ng v d thch nghi
1.4 Kt lun.
Trong chng ny chng ta gii thiu v software agent, l mt phng php lp
trnh mi, ta cng a ra mt vi nh ngha v agent.
Gii thiu tnh nng ca agent nh: tnh t tr, tnh thch nghi v hc hi, hot ng
hng ch, giao tip v cng tc, linh hot, di ng,... Ta cng phn loi agent theo mc ch
v tnh nng.











17

Chng 2. Mobile Agent v nguyn l hot
ng.

Nhng h thng phn tn truyn thng c xy dng trn nhng chng trnh
tnh, chuyn d liu i v trn mng. Cn mobile agent (gi tt l MA) th ngc li.

2.1 Khi nim Mobile Agent.
Theo truyn thng, mt ng dng phn tn c cu trc xy dng trn m hnh client-
server s thc hin vic giao tip thng qua c ch truyn thng ip hoc cc li gi hm
t xa (RPCs). Cc m hnh giao tip ny thng phi ng b, ngha l pha client tm
ngng hot ng ca mnh trong thi gian gi yu cu n server v i n khi nhn c
kt qu tr v t server. Mt kin trc tin b hn l Remote Evaluation (REV) do Stamos
v Gifford [STA-90] a ra vo nm 1990. Trong m hnh REV, thay v yu cu thc hin
cc hm t xa th client ch vic gi m ngun cc hm ca n n server v yu cu server
thc hin ri tr v kt qu. Mt s h thng gn y cng gii thiu khi nim thng
ip ch ng (active messages) c th di tr gia cc v tr trn mng, mang theo m ca
chng trnh thc thi ti nhng v tr ny. Mobile agents l m hnh tin ha tin tin
nht so vi cc m hnh trc . Mobile agent l danh t ghp gia agent (tc t)
v mobile (di ng).
nh ngha: Mobile agent l nhng thnh phn phn mm, bao gm m chng trnh, d
liu v trng thi hot ng v c th t mnh di chuyn t ni ny sang ni khc. Ni dung
agent mang theo trong qu trnh di tr bao gm cc thnh phn ca agent, tn c s tri thc,
bng lu ni dung cc cu hi v cu tr li theo ngn ng COKB-ONT.
Mobile agent chnh l mt dng ca mobile code. (Mobile code l nhng chng trnh
chuyn m n client v thc thi . V d cho mobile code: chng trnh applet c th
gy nguy him cho my tnh do trong applet c th cha nhng on code khng ng tin
cy, gy hi).
Mobile agent ngoi nhng tnh nng c bn ca mobile code cn c th : mang theo
mnh d liu v trng thi thc thi, di tr trong mng di s kim sot ca chnh n. V vy,
c th ni mobile agent an ton hn mobile code nhiu.
Khi di chuyn, cc tc t di ng ng gi m ngun, d liu v c trng thi thi hnh,
nh vy tc t di ng c th dng vic thi hnh ang thc hin ti my ny, di chuyn sang
my khc v khi phc li s thi hnh ti my ch. Tc t di ng chnh l mt dng ca m
di ng (m di ng l nhng chng trnh chuyn m n client v thc thi ).
Hnh di cho thy s khc bit ca Mobile agents so vi RPC v REV.

18

2.2 Tnh cht Mobile Agent.
- C kh nng di tr t ni ny sang ni khc.
- Lin lc c vi nhau, nhn bn, nhp li, tng hp tnh ton.
- Mt s agent c kh nng cung cp dch v hoc interface cho cc ng dng k tha.
- C kch thc nh.
- C kh nng xc nh v dng nhng ti nguyn trn cc my tnh ang cha n.
2.3 Nguyn l hot ng.
2.3.1 Vng i ca mt tc t di ng (mobile agent).
Mi mobile agent u thc hin tun t theo logic: u tin, tc t c to ra, di tr t
host ny sang host khc theo lch trnh, thc hin cc nhim v c giao v cui cng b hu
sau khi hon thnh nhim v.

Hnh 2-3-1. Vng i ca mt tc t di ng

2.3.2 C ch di chuyn ca Mobile Agent.
Agent s t quyt nh ng gi v di tr n mi trng khc thc thi l c im
ni bt ca mobile agent. Khi c nhu cu di tr agent s tm dng thc thi m, thc hin lu
trng thi ca i tng (c th c kh nng lu li c trng thi thi hnh). Sau khi m ho
d liu agent s c truyn i trn h thng mng. Khi n ch, agent s thc hin cc
bc ngi li vi bn gi khi phc li trng thi ca agent v tip tc thc hin nhim
v.

2.3.3 Kin trc h thng Mobile Agent.


Hnh 2-3-3. Kin trc ca mt h thng Mobile Agent.

2.3.4 Cc iu kin Agent phi tha mn.
C mt m xc nhn duy nht.
Xc nh c nhng agent khc ang thc thi trong cng host.
C kh nng nhn v gi thng ip cho nhng agent khc.

2.4 Li ch ca Mobile Agent.
Nhng li ch mobile agent mang li l:
19

Gim ti mng.
K thut mobile agents cho php ngi dng ng gi cuc trao i, gi n n my ch
v thc hin x l d liu, trao i cc b ti . Nh th s gp phn lm gim nhng
dng d liu th trn mng v nh th, ti mng s gim ng k. Phng chm thc hin
ca k thut mobile agents l: mang x l n ni cha d liu hn l mang d liu v ch
x l.

Khc phc s tr mng.
Vic iu khin cc h thng vi quy m ln thng qua mng s phi chp nhn mt s
tr hn nht nh. Nhng iu li khng c php xy ra trong cc h thng thi gian
thc nh iu khin robot, quy trnh sn xut ...Khi , gii php mobile agents t ra hu
ch trong vic khc phc tr nh vo vic cc agent c th c gi i t mt trung tm
iu khin v hnh ng cc b, t tr, trc tip thi hnh cc ch dn ca ngi iu khin.

ng gi cc giao thc.
Khi d liu c trao i trong h thng phn tn, vic truyn v nhn d liu phi
c m ha bi cc giao thc cn thit. Cc giao thc ny c s hu bi mi my
trong h thng. Tuy nhin, mt khi cc giao thc phi tin ha ph hp vi nhng yu
cu mi v s bo mt hoc tnh hiu qu, chng bt u tr nn cng knh, nng n v
tr thnh vn nan gii. Ring vi gii php mobile agents, cc agents c th
mang trn mnh cc giao thc thch hp v di chuyn ti cc my xa thit lp cc
knh truyn nhn thng tin tng ng.

Thi hnh khng ng b v t tr
Thng thng, cc thit b di ng thng ph thuc vo cc kt ni mng t tin
nhng rt yu t. V th, nhng tc v cn c kt ni lin tc gia thit b di ng v mng
c nh c th s khng c tnh kinh t hoc khng kh thi v mt k thut. Gii php
mobile agents gii quyt vn ny bng cch nhng tc v cn thc hin vo agent, ri gi
ln mng. Sau khi c gi i, agent tr nn c lp thi hnh khng ng b v c kh nng
t tr. Cc thit b di ng sau c th kt ni tr li n agent v.

Thch ng nhanh.
Cc agent c kh nng cm nhn nhng thay i ca mi trng thi hnh v tc ng tr
li nhng thay i y mt cch t ng.

Khc phc tnh trng khng ng nht.
Vic x l tnh ton trn mng c bn l khng ng nht v s a dng v phn cng v
phn mm c s dng. Do mobile agent c lp vi my tnh (phn cng v h
iu hnh) v tng vn chuyn, ch ph thuc vo mi trng thi hnh, nn chng cung
cp mt iu kin ti u cho vic lin kt cc h thng khng lin quan g li vi
nhau.

Mnh m v c kh nng ch ng li cao.
Vi kh nng phn ng nng ng vi cc s kin v nhng thay i bt li,
mobile agents gip cho vic xy dng h thng mnh m v chu li cao c d dng hn.

2.5 Cc ng dng ca Mobile Agent.
Hin nay, theo cc nghin cu v agents, cha c mt ng dng no c th c xem
nh l ng dng c trng dnh cho cng ngh tc t di ng. Tt c nhng kt qu t
c hin nay vi tc t di ng cng u bng nhng cng ngh truyn thng. Tuy
nhin, trong mt vi trng hp, tc t di ng c th l gii php ti u. Tc t di ng c
th c p dng trong nhiu lnh vc nh:
Thng mi in t.
20

Cc ng dng thng mi in t cho php ngi dng thc hin cc giao dch trong
kinh doanh trn mng. Mt giao dch c th bao gm s thng lng vi cc thc th xa
v c th i hi truy cp ngun thng tin lin tc thay i. T thc t ny sinh nhu cu
thay i hnh vi ca cc thc th t c mt nghi thc chung trong vic thng lng.
Hn na, vic di chuyn cc thnh phn ca ng dng tin gn n ngun thng tin thch
hp cho giao dch cng c quan tm. V th cng ngh tc t di ng l mt gii php rt
hp dn cho lnh vc ny.
Thu thp thng tin phn tn.
Trong trng hp c nhu cu truy vn phc tp, chuyn bit v lin qua n nhiu ngun
d liu phn tn, khng ng nht, vic c cc tc t di ng di chuyn n cc
ngun tin khai thc ti ch v cui cng l quay v vi nhng thng tin cn thit s cho
php gim ti mng v gii quyt tt hn bi ton tng thch
Theo di v thng bo tin cp nht.
ng dng c in ny lm ni bt bn cht khng ng b ca cc tc t di ng. Cc
agent c th c gi i, n ni c ngun tin v hot ng theo di ngun tin ngay c khi
ngi dng ngt kt ni. Sau , khi ngun tin c s thay i , agent s quay v bo cho ch
nhn. Nhng i din ca loi ng dng ny Weather Alarm - mt chng trnh dng
d bo thi tit trn v JobFinder (findjobs.com) - website vic lm v tuyn dng. Cc
agent c th c gi i ch mt dng thng tin no xut hin, ri sau bo cho
ngi dng bit hoc t n c nhng hnh ng thch hp i vi thng tin .
Gim st v ph bin thng tin.
Cc tc t di ng l mt minh ha cho m hnh Internet push. Cc agent c th ph bin
tin tc v cp nht phn mm t ng cho cc nh sn xut. Cc agent mang cc
phn mm thnh phn cng nh cc th tc cn thit n cc my c nhn ca khch hng
v t cp nht phn mm trn my . M hnh ny gip cho nh sn xut ch ng hn
trong vic phc v khch hng bo m cht lng dch v ca mnh. Mc khc, cc ng
dng thuc loi ny cng t ra hiu qu i vi cc mng cc b hay cc chng trnh qun
l qui trnh hot ng, sn xut gip ngi qun tr gim st cc h thng con.
X l song song.
V cc tc t di ng c th to ra nhiu bn sao ca n trn mng nn ng dng y
tim nng ca tc t di ng l qun tr cc tc v song song. Mt ng dng i hi qu
nhiu ti nguyn b x l c th c phn b cho cc tc t di ng mang i thc hin trn
nhiu my tnh khc nhau tn dng cc ti nguyn rnh ri v cn bng ti. H tc t di
ng khng ng nht l mt minh ha khai thc u im ny ca m hnh tc t di ng.
Qun tr h thng mng.
i vi nhng h thng mng ln, vic chun on li, duy tr s n nh ca h thng l
cc cng vic rt kh khn. Vic ng dng tc t di ng vo vic qun tr mng s
gip cho cc cng vic chn on li v duy tr t xa s n nh ca h thng c d dng
hn.
H tr cc thit b di ng.
Do c im ti nguyn hn ch v khng kt ni thng xuyn, vic xy dng cc
ng dng da trn tc t di ng vi kh nng di chuyn n cc my tnh c cu hnh mnh
hn hot ng (truy vn c s d liu, tm tin) ri tr kt qu v s l mt gii php tt
cho ngi dng cc thit b di ng.

2.6 Mt s h thng Moblie Agent.
Aglets.
Aglets c xy dng v pht trin bi D. B. Lange v IBM Tokyo Research Laboratory.
Hin nay, b Aglets Software Development Kit (ASDK) do IBM pht trin dng li phin
bn 1.1 Beta3 trn nn JDK1.1. Phin bn mi nht ca ASDK l 2.0.2 do SourceForge pht
trin trn nn JDK1.3.
Aglets l nhng i tng Java c th di chuyn t host ny sang host khc trn mi
trng mng. Khi aglets di chuyn, n mang theo mnh c m chng trnh ln d liu.
Trong m hnh i tng aglets, mt mobile agent l mt i tng di ng c lung
21

kim sot ring ca n, lm vic theo s kin v lin lc vi cc agent khc bng cch truyn
thng ip. Aglets c mt c ch nh danh duy nht v ton cc da trn URL. Aglets h
tr c ch di ng yu (weak- mobility). Cc aglets giao tip vi nhau mt cch ng nht,
v c lp vi v tr lu tr thng qua i tng proxy. Sut chu k sng, cc aglets
sn sng bt nhng s kin (clone, mobility, persistence) pht sinh trong mi trng
c phn ng thch hp. Agent c th giao tip ng b hoc khng ng b thng qua cc
loi thng ip: synchronous, one-way, hay future reply. Aglets s dng ATP (Agent Transfer
Protocol) cho vic di chuyn v giao tip. Aglets s dng 2 loi mu thit k chnh l ch-t
(Master-Slave) v hnh trnh (Itinerary) cho vic di chuyn ca cc agent.
Aglets l mt trong nhng platform c s dng nhiu nht pht trin cc h
thng mobile agent. Mt s n thc hin vi Aglet c th k n l TabiCan
(http://www.tabican.ne.jp) - ch in t chuyn bn v my bay v tour du lch trn gi -
Cps720 (Artificial Intelligence Topics with Agent) ti i hc Ryerson University, M ,
Acme - H thng h tr Sales Order Processing trong vic mua bn chng khon, ca i
hc Loughborough, Anh.
Aglets l mt h thng Java mobile agent h tr cc khi nim thi hnh t tr v nh tuyn
ng trn l trnh ca n. C th xem aglets nh l mt khi qut ha v m rng ca applet
v servlet. Aglet server l chng trnh cung cp mt mi trng thi hnh v mt my o
Java cho aglet hot ng. Ngoi ra, Aglet server cng s dng mt trnh qun l tip nhn
v kim sot aglet mt cch an ton.
Voyager.
Voyager l mt mi trng thng mi h tr pht trin cc ng dng agent c hng
Object Space pht trin t gia nm 1996. Voyager tri qua nhiu ln nng cp v thay i
t phin bn 1.0 cho n by gi l phin bn 4.5. Thng 03.2002 sn phm Voyager c
nhng li cho Recursion Software, mt cng ty chuyn v cc sn phm vit trn C++ v
Java m bo cho vic pht trin Voyager sau ny. Cc phin bn t 1.0 n 3.3 Voyager
c phn phi cho cc nh pht trin nh mt freeware. Hin ti Voyager c phin bn
4.5 Evaluation hon ton tng thch vi JDK1.3, JDK1.2 v JDK1.1. Phin bn ny bao gm 6
sn phm, trong sn phm chnh yu dng cho cc ng dng mobile agent l Voyager ORB
Professional.
Voyager s dng ngn ng lp trnh Java vi c php chun to dng cc i tng
xa mt cch rt d dng, cho php cc i tng ny trao i thng ip vi nhau, v di
chuyn cc i tng gia cc my tnh c h tr mi trng Voyager. Voyager h tr
mnh v tnh di ng vi kh nng mang ton b m chng trnh v d liu di chuyn
t my o Java ny sang my o Java khc nu cc my o c h tr Voyager. Trng thi hot
ng ca agent cng s c bo ton v tip tc thc thi ti ni agent n.
Mt trong nhng c im ni tri khc ca Voyager l tnh ph qut. Cc chng trnh
vit trong Voyager c th trao i thng tin hai chiu vi cc chng trnh vit bng SOAP,
CORBA, RMI v DCOM. Cc dng thng tin c trao i c th l cc li gi hm t xa, cc
dch v t tn, dch v th mc. Voyager c th c xem l mt ca ng, mt cu ni lm
cho cc chng trnh theo chun khc tr nn lin thng vi nhau. Hn na, tt c cc
chng trnh v i tng c th c t chc thnh mt khng gian chung, nh vy
vic lin lc s tr thnh mtnhiu mt cch t ng.
Phin bn 4.5 ca Voyager c b sung thm cc tnh nng rt quan trng h
tr cho cc chun dch v Web. SOAP v WSDL cng c pht trin trong phin bn ny
gip cho cc nh pht trin c kh nng trin khai cc ng dng truy cp ti cc dch v
Web t xa v cc chng trnh Voyager c th truy cp nhau thng qua cc dch v Web.
Th mnh tht s ca Voyager nm s n gin v d dng. S trong sut hay
cch m Voyager che du cc k thut lp trnh phn tn phc tp lm cho vic xy dng
cc ng dng mobile agent tr nn d dng hn rt nhiu. Vic tch hp cc cng ngh mi v
cc chun mi vo cng mt sn phm to cho Voyager s hp dn rt ring bit.
Mole.
Mole l h thng Mobile Agent c xy dng vi ngn ng Java ti i hc Stuttgart
(CHLB c). Phin bn u tin (Release 1.0) hon thnh vo nm 1995, nm 1997 phin
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bn Release 2.0 c hon thnh, bn Release 3.0 c hon tt vo nm 1998 v n
kt thc vi kt qu l mi trng n nh xy dng ng dng theo m hnh agent trn
cc h phn tn. c xy dng trn Java, Mole c kh nng thc thi trn tt c cc mi
trng c h tr JDK1.1.x (Jdk1.1.7 v Jdk1.1.8), s dng giao thc TCP/IP trong qu trnh
giao tip. Mole h tr di chuyn yu - weak migration .
thc hin giao tip gia cc agent Mole s dng cc c ch truyn thng ip, gi
hm t xa RPCs, v c ch c trng ca Mole l session , badge. Ngn ng giao tip gia cc
agent c Mole h tr l KQML. Vic trao i d liu gia cc agent c thc hin
theo nghi thc TCP/IP. Mole cho php a tiu trnh/agent v qun l ti nguyn v lp
lch cc tiu trnh trong h thng thng qua b lp lch trung tm MCP. Kh nng bo mt
ca Mole c nh gi kh tt trong cc h thng agent. Mole tun theo m hnh bo
mt sandbox ca java. Agent trong h thng Mole c chia lm hai loi: user agent
v system agent. User agent l nhng agent di ng c kch hot bi ngi dng
v khng th truy cp trc tip ti nguyn h thng. Ngc li, system agent (service agent)
- c khi ng bi ngi qun tr - khng c tnh di ng v c php truy cp ti
nguyn h thng.
Mi trng Mole ph hp cho pht trin nhng ng dng trong cc lnh vc: Truyn
thng, ng dng thuc lnh vc h thng thng tin in t. Mt s ng dng dc
pht trin trn mi trng Mole: AIDA - Infrastructure for Mobile Agents, ASAP,
ATOMAS, FESTIVAL (Mole office, Mole shopping), HAWK.
Vi h thng m ngun m ca Mole, ta c th tin hnh ci tin, nng cp nhng chc
nng hin c, v b sung nhng chc nng mi nh cc chc nng v cng c h tr lp
trnh agent Mole tr thnh h thng agent hin i h tr tt cho vic pht trin cc ng
dng da theo m hnh agent.
ZEUS.
Zeus l mi trng do British Telecommunication pht trin h tr xy dng cc h
thng a agents. Ngoi cc tnh nng thng thng trong vic to lp v qun l cc agent,
Zeus c bit ch trng vic h tr mt phng php lun v mt b cng c mnh pht
trin ng dng a agent trn mi trng phn tn.

2.7 Cc tnh nng h tr ca h thng Mobile Agent.
Tnh di ng (mobility).
Xt kh nng mi trng h tr di ng mnh hay yu cho agent.
Tnh t tr (autonomous).
Xt vai tr ca mi trng v vic cung cp cc c ch h tr cho agent linh ng thc thi,
qua th hin c tnh t tr
Tnh an ton (security).
Cn ch ti hai vn : bo v cc host trnh cc cuc tn cng t cc agent nguy him;
v bo v cc agent chng li cc mi trng nguy him khi agent di tr
Tnh thch ng.
L kh nng h tr tnh thch ng t pha mi trng khi tip nhn mt agent du nhp.
Kh nng cng tc
xem xt kh nng phi hp hot ng ca cc agent, cn lu v ngn ng lin lc,
giao thc lin lc, m hnh cng tc m mi trng h tr. Ngoi ra, nu cc agent ca mi
trng ang xt c kh nng giao tip vi cc agent ca mi trng khc hay vi cc loi i
tng khc, th mi trng h tr cng tc mnh.







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2.8 Kt lun.
Trong chng ny chng ta gii thiu cc l do m ta s dng mobile agent trong lp
trnh, cng nh gii thiu mt s khi nim c s ca mobile agent, cc m hnh trong mt
mobile agent, cc h thng mobile agent hin nay nh Aglet, Voyager, Mole, Zeus.
Hiu mt mobile agent khng b rng buc vi h thng m n bt u vng i. N c
kh nng c o l t gi mnh i t mt host ny n mt host khc trong mng. Ta cng
tm hiu 7 li ch ca mobile agent nh: gim ti bng thng, khc phc tr mng, gi gn
cc giao thc, thc hin mt cch khng ng b, thch nghi, t sa sai, khc phc tnh trng
khng ng nht. Ta cng tm hiu cc lnh vc m mobile agent c kh nng ng dng nh:
thu thp d liu phn tn, thng mi in t, qun tr mng.