Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Zbornik XLI
Zbornik XLI
2011.
XLI
NATIONAL
MUSEUM JOURNAL
XLI
RECUEIL
DES TRAVAUX DU
MUSE NATIONAL
XLI
, ,
, ,
,
1,
www.cacakmuzej.org.rs
camuzej@sbb.co.rs
300
CONTENTS
TABLE DES MATIRES
Paleoflora and paleoecological analyses of locality
Kamenica in the vicinity of Cacak
La paloflore et lanalyse palocologique de la
localit de Kamenica prs de Cacak
11
21
39
2010. 2011.,
2009. *
Archeological researches of Gradina in Jelica
mountain in 2010 and 2011 with a short reflection
on campaigns until 2009
Les recherches archologiques de la Gradina sur
la Jelica en 2010 et 2011 avec une brve rtrospective sur les campagnes jusquen 2009
59
,
19. ( )
Contribution to the studying of the asha, riding
part of the horse equipment in 19th century,
from the collection of the Military museum
Complment ltude du carapaon, partie de
lquipement questre du xixme sicle, du recueil du Muse militaire
87
.
creation of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes kingdom and Greece
LA CRATION DU ROYAUME SCS et de la
Grce
97
:
(1939)
Serbian cultural club and general Milan Nedic:
One document about private initiative in informative activities at the beginning of the second
world war (1939)
Le club culturel serbe et le gnral Milan
Nedic: Un document sur linitiativeprive
dans lactivit de renseignement au dbut de la
deuxime guerre mondiale (1939)
121
1937/38.
Concordat crises in Zica eparchy 1937/38
La crise concordataire dans le diocse de Zica
en 1937/38
133
.
.
-
Foundation and work of cultural-artistic associations in Cacak municipality
La cration et lactivit des associations culturelles et artistiques dans la commune de Cacak
149
,
. .
-
Metal archeological objects-active corrosion and
methods of stabilization
Les objets archologiques mtalliques-la corrosion active et les mthodes de stabilisation
173
2011.
193
11
:
.
- .
Gliptostrobus europaeus,
Mirica, Laurophyllum Daphogene polymorpha,
Pinus
hepios Pinus tedaeformis,
.
: , , ,
. (-),
,
(. , .).
- ,
.1
-
1 , , II-3: , - ,
, , 1977, 265-274.
12
45 2
-.
, - ,
.
, ,
:
(
). , -,
- .
,
,
. . 1989.
Smerdis minutus (Blainville) ,
.2
, Smerdis minutus, . (.
., 1971: )
(Pinus sp., Tetraclinis salicornioides, Sequoia couttsiae, Criptomeria sp., Doliostrobus sp, Quercus, Engelhardtia, Carpinus, Alnus, Laurophyllum, Acer, Mahonia).
100 .
( )
.
.
, ,
( ),
, ( ) ,
.
,
, .
( , ).
.
2 , ,
, . 35, , 1970, 281-361.
13
.
. ,
, .
.
:
Pinus tedaeformis (UNGER) HEER
Pinus hepios (UNGER) HEER
Pinus sp.
Glyptostrobus europaeus (BROGNIART) UNGER
Sequoia couttsiae HEER
Laurophyllum pseudoprincipes WEYLAND ET KILPPER
Laurophyllum heeri (ETTINGSHAUSEN), NEMEJC ET KNOBLOCH
Lauracea gen.et sp. Indent.
Daphnogene polymorpha (AL. BRAUN) ETTINGSHAUSEN
Forma bilinica (UNGER) SITAR & KVAE
Daphogene sp.
Myrica sp.
Alnus gaudinii (HEER) Konbloch & Kvaek
Betulacceae gen.et sp indet
Dicotylophillum sp.
Sabal sp.
Monocotyledonae indet,
.
.
,
.
.
,
.
14
. ,
.
,
.
,
.
D. Dilcher
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.
.
15
()
. ( 0,25 cm2) (2,2520,25 cm2), (20,25-45,0 cm2), (45,0-182,25
cm2), (182,25-1640,2 cm2) ( (1640,2 cm2).
Rauniker (1934. ),
Webb (1959. ).
.
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.
.
.
,
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16
: , ,
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, .3
: Glyptostrobus europaeus, Mirica, Laurophilum Daphogene polymorpha. a
(Pinus Hepios Pinus tedaeformis).
Alnus gaudiini Betulaceae gen. et sp.indet.
. ,
.
.
Alnus gaudini Betulaceae gen. et sp. Indet.
Pinus hepios Pinus tedaeformis.
(Glyptostrobus europaeus, Mirica ),
Lauraceae ( ).
.
3 , ,
, , 1985, 49, 299-434.
17
, ,
, . 35, , 1970, 281-361.
Brkovi Tomislav, Maleevi Miodrag, Klisi Miodrag, Uroevi Milan, Trifunovi
Sreten, Radovanovi Zlatko, Boani Marko, Pavlovi Zoran, Raki Milo, Tuma za list
OGK aak 1:100000, Beograd, Savezni geoloki zavod, 1978, 1-65.
Ettingshausen Constantin, Flora des tertiar-beckens von Bilin, II: Denkschriften der
Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, 1868, 29, 191-242.
Ettingshausen Constantin, Die Fosile Flora von Sagor in Krain, I: Denkschriften der
Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, 1872, 32, 159-202.
Ettingshausen Constantin, Die Fosile Flora von Sagor in Krain, II: Denkschriften
der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, 1877, 37, 161-216.
Ettingshausen Constantin, Die Fosile Flora von Sagor in Krain, III: Denkschriften
der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, 1885, 50, 1-56.
Knobloch Emily & Kva~ek Zlatko, Miozane Blatenfloren von Westrand der Bohemischen Masse, Vestnik eskeho geologickeho ustavu, Praha, 1976, 70, 21-28.
, ( ), - 1979. ; , 1980, 159-64.
, ,
, , 1985, 49, 299-434.
Mihajlovi ore & Doli Dragan, Lacustrine and Brackish Neogene of Western
Part of Yugoslavia, IGCP, Beograd, 1995, 14-18.
Novkovi Milija, Montan geoloki prikaz ugljonosnih podruja u severoistonom i
severnom delu zapadnomoravskog basena, Zbornik radova Rudarsko-geolko-metalurkog
fakulteta, Beograd, 1974, 176-214.
Panti Nikola & Vujisi Tugomir, Fosilna flora iz neogenih naslaga kod Prijevora (zapadno od aka), Zbornik radova Geolokog instituta Jovan ujovi, Beograd, 1958, 10,
83-86.
, , II-3: ,
- - ,
, , 1977, 265-274.
Spaji Olivera, Mitrovi Jovanka, Sudar Milan & Mihajlovi ore, Metode
biostratigrafsko-paleontolokih istraivanja, Beograd, Rudarsko-geoloki fakultet, 1984,
401.
Unger Franz, Fossile flora von Kumi, Wirklishem mitgliede der Kaiserlichen akademie der Wissenchaften, Wien, 1867, 29, 1-66.
18
19
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: 12 cm
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, XXXII, , 2002, 25, T. II/4.
12 , .., XXIX, 18, . IV/7.
13 , , .., XVIII-1, 125, T. II/2.
26
. , ,
.
. . 2
14. - (T.V/4)
,
: , 14
: 12,5 cm
.
,
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15. - (T.V/5)
,
: , 1, 115
: 13,5 cm
,
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***
,
:
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.20
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21 , 2,
4,
18 , , .., XXXII, 30.
19Rastko Vasi, Halsringe im Zentralbalkan, 15.
20Rastko Vasi, Halsringe im Zentralbalkan, 27.
21 , ,
--, XIII/1, , 1988, 32, . 3, . 2-.
28
Br C.22 ,
, Br C-D23, , 9, 6 Br D.24
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31 , , XXVII, , 1997, 44-46.
32 , , .., XXXII, 29-30.
33Rastko Vasi, Halsringe im Zentralbalkan, 29.
34 , , .., XXXII, 30; Wolfgang David, n.d.
35 , , .., XXXII, 30.
30
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36
, , XXXIX, , 2009, 24.
37Mihailo Zotovi, n.d.; , , .., XIII/1; Alojz
Benac, Borivoj ovi, Glasinac I, Bronzano doba, Sarajevo, 1956.
38Rastko Vasi, Halsringe im Zentralbalkan, 50.
39Isto, 52.
31
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.
32
T. I
1. - ;
2. - ;
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33
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:
1. - , 3, . 1;
35
T. III
:
2. -, 1, . 2
(: . , ..,
XXIX, T.I/2);
T. III
:
3. -, 1, .10
(: ., ..,
XXIX, T.II/6);
T. III
:
4. -, 2
(: . , ..,
XXIX, T.III/7)
36
T. IV II
1. -
(: . , .., T.VI/7)
T. IV II
2. -
(: . , .., XXIV, 32)
T. IV II
3. - , 6, . 3
(: L. Nikitovi, n.d., u: Sahranjivanje
u bronzano i gvozdeno doba, T.V/7)
T. IV II
4. ,
(: . , . , ..,
XVIII-1, T.I/2)
37
T. V II
1. - 1, 2
(: . , . , ..,
XXXII, T.II/4)
T. V II
2. -, 3, .5
(: . , .., XXIX, T.IV/7)
T. V II
3. ,
(: . , . , ..,
XVIII-1, T.II/2)
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4. ,
(: . , . , ..,
XVIII-1, T.II/3);
I II
38
T. V II
5. - 1,
1 (: . ,
. , .., XXXII, T.I/1)
T. VI III
1. -, 1, . 3
(: . , ..,
XXIX, T.I/7)
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2. -, 1, . 9
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39
: 125
. , 268
.
I ,
I , II, I, III
I .
, D, E G.
: ,
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0,60 , ,
. 125
28. 1969. 25.000 .1
(1959. )
268
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IX
. 268 -115
I , 1 I , 62 II , 88
III 2 I .3 .
, . . 12.
13. .4 272
1.
1 , ,
.
2Referat br. 981/1 od 1. 7. 1959. godine.
3D. Gaj-Popovi, Les trsors de monnaies concaves byzantin en cuivre de la collection
du Muse National de Beograd, Actes du 9me congrs international de numismatique,
Berne, septembre 1979, 872.
4V. Radi, P. Papadopoulou, V. Ivanievi, The 12th and 13th Century Hoards of Byzantine Coins from the National Museum in Belgrade, Numizmatiar 26-27, 2008, 319-354.
40
1: ( )
*
** DOC M. Hendy, Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore
Collection, Alexius I to Michael VIII, 1081-1261, Vol. 4.1-2, Washington D.C. 1999.
,
.
,
.
(57 ), B (15) C (45)
(5 ) (2).
( 2).
I , I
, II III , I .
( )
41
2: ( )
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I , 13. .
( 1).
( ),5
( ),6 ( )7 (
I II),8 , ,9 ,10 ,11 ,12
,13 ,14 ,15 ,16 ,17 .18
,19 ,20
,21 ,22 .23
5D. Nedvidek, Deo ostave vizantijskog novca iz ureva, Rad Vojvoanskih muzeja 35,
1993, 87-94.
6V. Radi, P. Papadopoulou, V. Ivanievi, n. d., 332-333.
7D. Nedvidek, Ostava vizantijskog ankastog novca iz okoline ortanovaca, Glasnik Srpskog arheolokog drutva 18, 2002, 231-242.
8V. Radi, P. Papadopoulou, V. Ivanievi, n. d., 327, 333-334.
9Lj. arnojevi-Mandi, Nalazi vizantijskih skifata s kraja XI do prvih decenija XIII veka s
teritorije SR Srbije i Sr Makedonije, Beograd, 1983. (neobjavljena magistarska teza)
10V. Radi, P. Papadopoulou, V. Ivanievi, n. d., 344; V. Ivanievi, Vizantijski novac (10921261) iz zbirke Narodnog muzeja u Poarevcu, Numizmatiar 14, 1991, 71, Ostava D.
11V. Radi, P. Papadopoulou, V. Ivanievi, n. d., 341-342; V. Ivanievi, n. d., 70-71, Ostava C.
12V. Radi, P. Papadopoulou, V. Ivanievi, n. d., 343.
13V. Radi, P. Papadopoulou, V. Ivanievi, n. d., 337.
14Zaviajni muzej Jagodina.
15V. Radi, P. Papadopoulou, V. Ivanievi, n. d., 328-329.
16V. Ivanievi, n. D., 70, Ostava B.
17N. Crnobrnja, The Hoard of Byzantine Bronze Scyphates from Zagrae near Zajear,
Starinar XLII, 1991 (1993), 161-163.
18Lj. arnojevi-Mandi, n. d., 1, 8.
19Zaviajni muzej Jagodina.
20S. Krsti, Ostava vizantijskih skifata iz Mirilovca kod Paraina, Numizmatiar 21,
1998, 117-125.
21D. Rakovi, Pojedinani nalazi rimskog i vizantijskog novca Narodnog muzeja
Kruevac, Numizmatiar 21, 1998, 83-84.
22Narodni muzej Leskovac; Lj. arnojevi-Mandi, n. d., 1.
23V. Radi, P. Papadopoulou, V. Ivanievi, n. d., 331.
42
, 2089
.24
.
1:
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
43
. [...] #M-[...] , ;
, ;
, .
DOC 1: c.1195-c.1200.
1. 2,80 g; 24 mm
2. 3,24 g; 23 mm
3. 3,32 g; 28 mm
4. 2,28 g; 26 mm
5. 3,16 g; 26 mm
6. 2,10 g; 22 mm
7. 1,82 g; 25 mm
8. 3,04 g; 26 mm
9. 2,70 g; 24 mm
10. 1,82 g; 26 mm
11. 2,62 g; 25 mm
12. 2,72 g; 24 mm
13. 2,86 g; 26 mm
14. 2,06 g; 25 mm
15. 2,86 g; 25 mm
16. 2,66 g; 26 mm
17. 2,32 g; 25 mm
18. 3,52 g; 26 mm
19. 1,88 g; 24 mm
20. 2,22 g; 25 mm
21. 2,96 g; 23 mm
22. 3,24 g; 25 mm
23. 2,51 g; 2,5 mm
24. 3,92 g; 24 mm
25. 2,66 g; 26 mm
26. 1,86 g; 25 mm
27. 2,68 g; 27 mm
28. 2,70 g; 25 mm
29. 2,10 g; 26 mm
30. 2,78 g; 25 mm
31. 2,10 g; 26 mm
32. 3,29 g; 26 mm
33. 2,22 g; 25 mm
34. 3,26 g; 27 mm
35. 3,42 g; 26 mm
36. 2,72 g; 23 mm
37. 3,06 g; 25 mm
38. 3,22 g; 30 mm
39. 3,64 g; 25 mm
40. 2,98 g; 24 mm
41. 2,38 g; 26 mm
42. 2,86 g; 24 mm
43. 2,10 g; 23 mm
44. 3,92 g; 24 mm
45. 2,78 g; 30 mm
46. 3,26 g; 27 mm
47. 2,36 g; 29 mm
48. 2,26 g; 25 mm
49. 3,48 g; 28 mm
50. 3,04 g; 26 mm
51. 1,96 g; 22 mm
52. 1,74 g; 27 mm
53. 2,92 g; 25 mm
54. 1,82 g; 23 mm
55. 1,88 g; 21 mm
56. 3,24 g; 26 mm
57. 3,04 g; 23 mm
B (c.1200-c.1202)
-
. [_-_V] ()
, .
. I...]-[...] , ,
, . manus Dei.
DOC 2: c.1200-c.1202.
58. 2,10 g; 22 mm
59. 2,91 g; 24 mm
60. 2,54 g; 22 mm
61. 1,96 g; 27 mm
62. 2,36 g; 23 mm
63. 2,46 g; 23 mm
64. 2,94 g; 25 mm
65. 2,08 g; 22 mm
66. 2,84 g; 24 mm
67. 2,30 g; 23 mm
68. 2,60 g; 25 mm
69. 2,80 g; 24 mm
70. 2,48 g; 24 mm
71. 2,08 g; 25 mm
72. 3,66 g; 25 mm
44
C (c.1202-c.1215)
-
. [KRO-HI] _IC-_XCz ()
, .
. [...] () . () ;
, .
DOC 3: c.1202-c.1215.
73. 3,50 g; 25 mm
74. 2,56 g; 25 mm
75. 1,94 g; 22 mm
76. 2,88 g; 28 mm
77. 2,64 g; 23 mm
78. 3,06 g; 24 mm
79. 2,66 g; 24 mm
80. 3,40 g; 24 mm
81. 3,32 g; 25 mm
82. 1,92 g; 21 mm
83. 2,40 g; 25 mm
84. 2,14 g; 27 mm
85. 2,73 g; 22 mm
86. 2,48 g; 24 mm
87. 1,60 g; 21 mm
88. 1,64 g; 26 mm
89. 3,10 g; 26 mm
90. 2,99 g; 25 mm
91. 2,44 g; 26 mm
92. 2,38 g; 22 mm
93. 3,14 g; 25 mm
94. 2,60 g; 24 mm
95. 3,40 g; 27 mm
96. 3,16 g; 29 mm
97. 2,56 g; 26 mm
98. 2,26 g; 22 mm
99. 3,44 g; 28 mm
100. 2,74 g; 25 mm
101. 2,36 g; 24 mm
102. 1,96 g; 22 mm
103. 2,68 g; 26 mm
104. 3,18 g; 27 mm
105. 3,59 g; 27 mm
106. 3,30 g; 25 mm
107. 3,41 g; 24 mm
108. 2,06 g; 24 mm
109. 1,98 g; 26 mm
110. 3,28 g; 25 mm
111. 2,18 g; 23 mm
112. 2,24 g; 24 mm
113. 2,42 g; 26 mm
114. 3,62 g; 23 mm
115. 2,44 g; 26 mm
116. 3,78 g; 27 mm
117. 3,02 g; 26 mm
, A (1204-?)
-
. () ,
.
. [...] , , ,
.
DOC 1: 1204-1261
118. 3,78 g; 25 mm
119. 4,18 g; 25 mm
120. 3,60 g; 24 mm
121. 3,44 g; 28 mm
122. 2,46 g; 29 mm
45
, A (1204-?)
-
. (),
.
. [...] , , ,
.
DOC 30: 1204-?
123. 1,66 ; 20
124. 1,22 ; 24
-
.
.
125. 2,60 ; 26
The hoard of byzantine trachea from Zablace, near
Cacak
The authors publish a part of the hoard found in Zablae near aak purchased by
the Museum in aak in 1969. The hoard, 125 trachea, consists of Bulgarian imitations,
type A, B and C and Latin imitations, type A-large and small module (Table 2).
The first part of the hoard, 272 coins, was acquired by the National museum in Belgrade in 1959. It was published by Dobrila Gaj-Popovi in 1979 (see note 2) and revised
by V. Radi, P. Papadopoulou and V. Ivanievi in 2008 (see note 3). The part preserved in
Belgrade is better preserved and consists, apart the already mentioned issues, the trachea
of Manuel I Comnenus, Andronicus I Comnenus, Isaac II Angelus, Alexius III Angelus,
Latin Imitative-large module, Thessalonica mint type A, and small module, unknown
mint, types D, E and G, and the coins of Theodore I Lascaris (Table 1).
The hoard from Zablae was deposited in the first three decades of the XIII century. Numerous hoards were registered in a broad area from Baka in the north, across the
Danube Basin to the interior along the Morava valley. We note a significant hoard of 2089
trachea in the valley of the Ibar, unearthed between Kraljevo and Raka with the same
structure as the Zablae hoard.
Vujadin IVANISEVIC
Marina KOTARAC
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
59
2010. 2011,
2009. *
:
1984.
.
: ,
.
,
.
2009,
2010. 2011. ,
, D.
.
: , , o
, ,
. , ,
1843. .
, , 1865,
(. 1)1.
.
.2 1984-1994.
* ,
, . . 177012,
, .
1. , . ,
, 2010, 14; ,
, 2, , 1985, 77-80.
60
, 2010.
,3
2010. 2011, 2009. .
( )
(1984-1989).
6. 7. ,
(.
2, 3), , ,
,
.
,
.
, ,
, .
,
.
1989. ,
C ,
6. . 1994.
- C ,
.4 1995.
-
( 20 ),
. .
1985.
( ), ,
, (
, . 4).
, D. 1995.
, , .
, ,
2. , , XVI, 1986, 47-58; ,
1987. 1988. , XVIII,
1989, 61-78; , 1989. 1994.
, XXIV, 1994, 49-58. 2005.
2/3 (2004/5), , 2008, 74-77, 2006. ( ,
. 4 (2006), , 2008, 132-137),
2007. ( 5, 2007),
.
3. , .
, , 2010.
4 1994.
,
.
2010.
2011, 2009.
61
, ,
: (, ,
) (, ,
.) . (1996.
1997) I-IV ,
1985. . () II III,
E, ( 846).
,
(
,
6. ( I-IV, . 5),
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1997. 1998.
, . . . (
). .
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2000. ,
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2002. .7
2005. ,
5 .
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6. , - ?,
35, 2011, 14-19.
7 1984. 2001.
, 2001. .
.
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62
, .
( 3/08, 1/10, V, VIII),
D, VI,
,
(. 6).
(2006) (2009),
.8
***
2010. :
VIII , 1/10,
, D. 2011.
VIII, VI .
, 3/08 ,
, 2008. .
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C (. 2).9
- VIII
8 : . ,
(. 3), 14-22. 1984. 2011.
.
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,
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9 2010. 2011. ,
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(
),
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,
.
2010.
2011, 2009.
63
64
(
V VI, D,
E).13
b
c, 1,90.
.
VIII, .
,
, (. 7).
,
VIII ( ,
).
,
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34 27 4,50cm, 36 28 5,50cm 36 28 5cm.
.
30 22 14cm, 22 15 12cm,
25 17(20) 40cm.
26 12,50 10cm. ,
,
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3,50cm. .
VIII ,
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1,10m (3/11).
, , (1/10).
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C ( , . 2).14 ,
, 7-8,
9. .15 ,
(. IV/2),
, (T. IV/1).
(6. ), (
C).
13. , (. 3), 78 . 63 . 79; 35 . 14 .
36; 165 . 224 . 166, 92.
14Ibid. 13, 147-148.
15Ibid. 13, 203-206.
2010.
2011, 2009.
65
,
, - .
,
6.
7. . ,
C, 250 VIII,
, .
.
7-8. ,
.
b 2008.
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VIII 2m.
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VIII , ,
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,
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(, ,
16Ibid. 13, 88 . 79 . 89.
17. . ,
, 25/ 2009, , 2011, 115-138.
66
.-. 8) ,
, 7-8, 9. (, .).
.
, ,
(. I/4, . 9), .
,
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.
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(T. II/1), (T. I/5), , .
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829,75, ,
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(. III/1a-1b; .
10, 11), - (. 12).
,
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5. 7, 6. .
6. 7. ,
.19
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(),20 , -
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,
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18 ( ).
. ,
,
.
19. , : . ,
, 83-84, 143-144, 183-184 (. 3)..
20. , , . I.
V . . . . VI . . ., 1981, 170173. .
.
. 112/4 112/6
, .
21. -. ,
, . (.), , VII ,
, 3-5. 2008, , , 2009, 183-184, . 3/1-2.
2010.
2011, 2009.
67
, .22
, , ,
, ,
(. 12).23 3,20
1 1,90cm.
, ,
,
.
, .
-
,
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. (
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7. ,
(616-625).24
,
.25
6. 7. .
, , b,
(253-268)-(. 13).26
- 3/08
22 AMIN (
), : . , ,
: . (.), FELIX ROMULIANA-, , 2010, 198 . 173. .
(. , , , 2007, 69).
,
: . ,
, XXXIX, , 2009, 35 . III.
23 - (,
) (,
, )
EDXRF .
24Rom und Byzanz. Archologische Kostbarkeiten aus Bayern, Mnchen, 1998, 206 (Kat.
Nr. 305, 306); I. Touratsoglou-E. Chalkia, The Kratigos, Mytilene Treasure. Coins and
valuables of the 7th century AD, Athens 2008, 122-125. 31; Greek Jewellery. 6,000 Years of
Tradition, Athens 1997, 197 (222), 198 (224).
, -
.
25Greek Jewellery, 198.
26RIC 207.
().
: . ,
, 62 (. 3), .
68
2008. - 3/08,
-, (. 2).
,
.
, .
2011. ,
.
2008.
, ,
.
, .
2008. ,
.
2011.
3/08 . ,
8 4,80m , 8 4,10m ,
(. 14), , . ,
(. 15).
0,60m 0,70m,
(1,40m).
- ,
. 2,70m,
. , ,
(. 835,35). .
, ,
2008. , -,
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, (. 16).
,
.
, 18cm (. IV/3),
, ,
, .
(. I/2). , ,
, 54,44 ,27
( 29cm),
(. 17, . I/1), , ,
27 (1 =27,28 ).
2010.
2011, 2009.
69
I (538/539)-(. 18).28 ,
, (3,90
1,80 0,90cm), 16,90 , ,
(. 19, . III/5). ,
. ,
. 30
.31
(3,70 2,70cm),
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III/2). ,
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, ( ),32
- .33
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.34
-
3/08 ( )
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2011.
( ), .
28MIB 96 Constantinopolis. (,
).
29 . (-
).
30. , . , . -.
(.), , , 2003, 168, . 5/1 . 165.
31 , , 2009, 26, 60, 64 .
32. , . , 161 . 4/3.
33. -. , , 188
. 7/1.
34Z. Vinski, Krstoliki nakit epohe seobe naroda u Jugoslaviji, VAMZ 3, 1968, 107, T.
V/11.
35. , , 2010, 205-206 (. 3).
70
, .
,
, 3/08 (
3/08), 6m,
2008. (. 21, . 14).
(
, ), ,
. 2008.
, , 2011.
,
( 3/08). ,
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7-8, 9. .
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7. .36
- 1/10
1/10 30m VIII,
,
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2). , 8,60
1,50m.
. , ,
36 C14
,
.
2010.
2011, 2009.
71
- ,
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,
( ). 5,76m (
) , ,
.
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- .
, .
. , , ,
.
,
,
2009. (. 2).
.
() ,
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,
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(. II/2) (.
III/3). .37
- VI
VI,
(. 2, 3, 6) 2001, 2008.
.38
7,20m 2,20m.
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- (
72
820,02).
. ,
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11cm,
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(364-378),
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.
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, .
, 790,77 (
791,59) ,
, . ,
( 791,88 791,77).
.
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1/1988 C, ,
.
, ,
, , .40
,
39. , , 129 (. 3).
40Ibid. 155-156.
2010.
2011, 2009.
73
(, ).41
D
D,
1985, 1995. (.
2). 2005. .
2010. ,
.42 ,
D 14.
.
D,
.
, , , 810,32 (. 24).
(: 1,28
0,64m). ,
0,30m,
.
, .
, , ,
4-5cm, ,
.
,
4/10 ( ), 2010. .
, ,
, ,
.
2010. (1/10-6/10)
, .
-,
-, .
, .
, ,
,
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41 2009.
, ,
( . ).
.
42. , , 180-186 (. 3
74
1/10 (. 25) ,
4/10 , .
D
(. 6 . 7) .43
, D
2010. ,
.44
, (
, - ). ,
.
( ), ,
,
. .
, ,
( ),
,
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, 7-8, 9.
.45
.
, 550-600. .46
.
***
.
, .
2010. 2011. ,
.
43Ibid. 183.
44Ibid. 180.
45M. Petrinec, Groblja od 8. do 11. stolea na podruju ranosrednjovjekovne hrvatske
drave, Split, 2009, 112-115.
46. , , 184-186 (. 3).
2010.
2011, 2009.
75
Archeological researches of Gradina in Jelica mountain in 2010 and 2011 with a short reflection on
campaigns until 2009
Report about excavations in Gradina in Jelica in 2010 and 2011 gives basic pieces of
information about all more important movable and immovable findings as well as reflection on the direction of researches from 1984 to 2009. During 2010 and 2011 excavations
within the Objects VI, VIII and Basilica D were continued, while sounds 1/10 and 1/11
were newly opened as well as widening of excavation of sound 3/08 in which the remains
of one building from 6th century were researched. Researches of the younger fortification
were started in smaller scale on the north slope of Upper Town. The greatest number of
findings date back from the early Byzantium period, 6th or maybe the beginning of 7th
century when a fortified town was built in Jelica mountain with five churches discovered
until now, while a few of the findings can be connected with the later phase of use in 7th8th or maybe the beginning of 9th century. The least number of findings are of prehistoric
ceramics.
Within the Object VI a control profile remained from earlier campaigns was removed. The Object VIII has been mainly researched apart from its north-eastern part and
in immediate surrounding which as it seems was fenced/fortified/surrounded with one
not very thick wall. The building in the extension of the sound 3/08 is completely examined while six unknown graves were discovered in the narthex of the BasilicaD (1/106/10), partly bordered/edged with parts of mortar floor. Within the sound 1/10 a wall of
an unknown object was discovered mainly connected with the ground. Sound 1/11 gave
certain topographic data when BasilicaC (north under building) is concerned.
Out of early Byzantium movable findings dated in the 6th and the beginning of 7th
century, fibulas, pendants, coins, parts of glass and ceramic dishes, combs, keys, knives
and other equipment are to be specially mentioned. Early middle Ages findings are mainly
presented in fragments of pottery or through secondary usage of plates of previous altar
partition wall of the BasilicaC.
Mihajlo MILINKOVIC, PhD
76
Les recherches archologiques de la Gradina sur la Jelica en 2010 et 2011 avec une
brve rtrospective sur les campagnes jusquen 2009
Lexpos sur les fouilles de la Gradina sur la Jelica en 2010 et 2011 donne des renseignements lmentaires sur toutes les trouvailles immobiles et mobiles rendues alors plus
importantes, ainsi quun bref commentaire sur le cours des recherches de 1984 2009.
Durant les annes 2010 et 2011, la poursuite des explorations lintrieur des btiments
VI, VIII et de la basiliqueD advint, tandis que les sondes 1/10 et 1/11 furent nouvellement ouvertes, tout comme llargissement de lexcavation de la sonde 3/08, lintrieur
de laquelle furent explors les restes dun btiment du VIme sicle. Dans une moindre
mesure, on commena galement avec les recherches sur le trac de la muraille plus jeune,
sur le versant septentrional de la Ville haute. Le plus grand nombre de trouvailles provient du dbut de la priode byzantine du VIme sicle et peut-tre du dbut du VIIme
sicle, lorsque sur la Jelica fut difie une ville fortifie avec cinq glises dcouvertes jusqu
prsent, tandis quun nombre moindre peut tre li la phase dutilisation ultrieure, aux
VIIme-VIIIme sicles, peut-tre mme au IXme sicle. Les moins nombreuses sont les
trouvailles de cramique prhistorique.
lintrieur de la construction VI, le profil de contrle restant des campagnes
prcdentes fut t, tandis que la construction VIII fut en grande partie explore, part
dans sa partie nord-est et dans les alentours proches qui furent, semble-t-il, entours dun
mur mince. Ldifice, llargissement de la sonde 3/08, fut explor en totalit, tandis que
dans le narthex de la basiliqueD furent dcouvertes six tombes jusqu prsent inconnues (1/10-6/10), partiellement bordes de fragments du plancher en crpi. Au-dedans de
la sonde 1/10 fut dcouvert le mur dune construction inconnue, fix en grande partie avec
de la terre. La sonde 1/11 a donn des renseignements topographiques spcifiques, lorsquil
sagit des alentours de la basiliqueC (banlieue septentrionale).
Parmi les trouvailles mobiles du dbut de lpoque byzantine, dates lpoque du
VIme et au dbut du VIIme sicle, on peut mentionner notamment les fibules, les pendentifs, les trouvailles de monnaie, de fragments de rcipients en verre et en cramique,
de peignes, de cls, de couteaux et autre matriel, tandis que les trouvailles du dbut du
Moyen-ge se refltent pour la plupart dans les fragments de poterie ou travers lusage
secondaire de panneaux de maonnerie de lancienne cloison de lautel de la basiliqueC.
Mihailo MILINKOVIC, Dr
1
,
23
(364-378)
19
5- I-IV
14- o 3/08
8- VIII
77
78
4-
18- I (538/539)
9- (?) VIII
11
,
13- (253-268)
22- VI
79
10
20
3/08
12- -
15
3/08,
16
3/08
80
81
17- 3/08
25- 1/10, D
82
24
D, 2010.
21
,
83
84
2
2010. 2011.
7
VIII,
2011.
3
, 2009. ()
6
VI, ,
85
87
,
19. (
)
:
,
,
.
, ,
1861. . ,
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1841.
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1 , , , .
2 , , , .1,
, 1954, 94.
88
, .
. . 39/140-1. -
19. ,
.3
19.
.
II 1815. . ,
.4
,
.
1867. .
(),
. (1840. 1867.).5
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, ,
. .8 ,
1861. ,
1865. . ( ).9
, .
. . . 7418
. ,
.
.10
3, 96.
4 , ,
, II, , 2004, 128-29.
5 , , . 2, , 2001, 136.
6 , .., . 138.
7 , 19. 20. , , 2001, 72.
8, 77.
9, 77.
10, 335.
,
19. ( )
89
, 1882.
, ,
, 3 .
.
, .
.11 1835. ,
,
.
,
.12 1835.
. ( ).13
.
,
primus inter pares.
. ,
29. 1841. , 18
. ,
. , .14
,
.
.
,
.15 .
, -
.16
.
. 1864.
,
. ,
.17 , 1870.
.
.
1876-78.
11, 89.
12 , , 1829-1945, , 2009, 17.
13 , , .., 16.
14 , 19. (1826-1858),
, .4, , 1957, 234.
15 , 1808-1918, , 1980, 52.
16, 52.
17 , 19. 20. , , 2001, 78.
90
.
.
.
.
, , .
,
.18
.
1876. ,
. ,
, ,
.19
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.
, 31.
12. 1870. (. . 4944)
.
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.20
1870. , .
.
. ,
.
.21
80- 19. , .1882
. ,
.
, , .
.
18 , 19. ,
, .17, , 1971, 169.
19 , 1808-1918, , 1980, 57.
20, 56.
21 , 1858-1882,
, . 5/1, , 1958, 134-135.
,
19. ( )
91
(. .1847 )
, , .
1882. , ,
.
, ,
80- XIX .
. .
, 1886. ,
,
- .22
,
-.
1881.
.
. ,
1900.
.
, ,
. 1904.
. 23
.
. 1900.
. , (
) , , , ,
.
.24
. , ,
.
19 , 1808-1918, , 1980, 57.
20, 56.
21 , 1858-1882,
, . 5/1, , 1958, 134-135.
22, . 92.
23 , , 1829-1945, , 2009, 137.
24 , , .., 134.
92
1930. . ,
, ,
.25 , 1929.
.
1924. .26 .
.
.
(
) 1882. .
1901. , , ,
1896. . ,
, , . .
, .
, .27
, ,
1923. . .
.28
.
. (1837-1943).
. . (
).29
(. )
. ,
.
.
1924. . ,
.
,
. 1929.
.
. , ,
,
25, 188.
26, 159
27, 159-160.
28. , / 1922-1935,
, 1994, 60.
29 , , 1829-1945, , 2009, 146.
,
19. ( )
93
.
. 1929.
( ).30
,
.
, ,
.31
.
1845. . ,
.
.
.
1845. (. ),
,
70- 19. .32
-
- , / 19221935, , 1994.
- , 19. 20. , , 2001.
- , , 1829-1945, , 2009.
- , 1808-1918, , 1980.
- , 19. (18261858), , . 4, , 1957.
- , 1858-1882,
, . 5/1, , 1958.
- , ,
, , II, , 2004.
- ,
19. , , .19-20, , 1974.
30, 153.
31 , ,
, 1-2, , 2003, 107.
32 ,
19. , , .19-20, , 1974, 71-72.
94
- , , . 2, , 2001.
- , ,
, 1-2, , 2003.
- , , ,
.1, , 1954.
- , 19. ,
, .17, , 1971.
-- , 1878-1903, ,
2007.
,
19. ( )
95
97
: XX
, I
,
- .
,
,
.
, ()
, ,
,
.
: , -
, ,
I, , ,
,
()- 1918. , ,
.
,
,
,
, ,
,
.
,
. ,
98
,
, -
,
, ,
XIX .
1.
,
(, ), ,
, .
1878.
, .
,
, . ,
,
.1
( ,
)
.2
,
, ,
.3 ,
,
,
, ,4
,
,
.
,
, .
,
,5
XX .
1 , 1453, , , 2005, 492-493.
2 , . ., 492-493.
3 , , ( 141), ,
2002, 44-49.
4 , , ( 141),
, 2002, 44-49.
5 , , , 5-10 www.antibaro.gr (8. 5. 2008)
99
, 1908,
, ,
. ,
, -
, 30. 9. 1912,
-
.
5. 10. 1912,
17. 5. 1913 .
(16. 6. 1913),
. , 10. 8.
1913. .
, , .
( 1915.), 1916,
, ,
.6 1916-1918.
, , (
),
, ,
.
, 1917.
,
j, ( 1919.),
.7 ,
, : 1) , ,
1/10, 51,57%; 2) ,
10,11%; 3) 1918.
, , -
38,32%..8 ,
j.
, .
. ,
.
, ,
, .
, .9
6 , , , 5-10, www.antibaro.gr (8. 5. 2008)
7 Ibid. 6. 5-10.
8 Ibid. 6. 5-10
9 , , , 5-10, www.antibaro.gr (8. 5. 2008)
100
2. -
- ,
1917. ,
,
, .
-
.
( 1. 1913.
), ,
.
- ( ),
, , ,
,
,10 ,
, ,
.
11 .
,
,
,
.11 ,
.
(
3, 4). ,
( 5). ,
,
.12
6, 7 10
,
10 , . . ,
,
5
.13
10 , 1914-1918. (
), , , 1997, 15.
11 -, (1912-1940),
, 1986, 40.
12 -, . ., 39-40.
13 . . , , (--,
, 1966, 59.
101
-
,
-
.
, ,
.
, (
),14
,
,
, -
.
, 1915.
. ,
, ,
. ,
.
, , ,
.15
1915.
, .
,
,
,
. -
. , .16
,
, ,
,
.17 ,
14 -, . .,102.
15 , 1914-1918. (
), , , 1997, 160.
16 , ( ),
1918, , , , . 38,
150-151.
17 Ibid. 16. 150-151.
102
.18
. ,
,
, .19
- ,
, ,
, ,
, .20
,
,
20. 6. 1917, ,
, , -
, ,
,21
, ,
.22 ,
. , ,
, ,
,
, ,
, .23
, , . ,
, ,
.24 , ,
-
,25
18 Ibid. 16. 150-151.
19 , 1918, , , ,
. 38, 150-151.
20 , , . , ,
20. 7. 1917.
21 Ibid. 20.
22 . , 1913-1918,
, , , 2004, 197.
23 . , . ., 202.
24 . , , . ., 203.
25 . , . ., 197.
103
,
,
- (. ).
,
. ,
- , ,
, .
,
.
,
.26
- , ,
,
.
,
.
3.
.
,
, .27
, , ,
.28
, .
.
,
19 , 1918, , , ,
. 38, 150-151.
20 , , . , ,
20. 7. 1917.
21 Ibid. 20.
22 . , 1913-1918,
, , , 2004, 197.
23 . , . ., 202.
24 . , , . ., 203.
25 . , . ., 197.
26 . , 1914-1918,
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27 , 1918, , , ,
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28 , .., 290.
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,
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32
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1948,
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,
1915,
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1917,
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29 , . ., 291.
30 , . ., 292.
31 , (5), , 4970 /5, , .
32 1918. ,
, ,
, . e.
33 . , / ..,
, ( ),
), 1948., 5.
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the Great War, Thesalonica, 2005, , 109.
35 , . ., 118.
36 . . , . ., 494.
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,
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( - ),
,
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37 , (1912-1940),
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38 , 1918, , , ,
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39 . , 1913-1918,
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40 . , . ., 355.
106
4.
,
.
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, , ,
-, , 6. 1919.
.
,
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-
. , , -, . , 1920,
-, - .41
,
,
,
.42 ,
-
.
,
. ,
, . . ,
-,
.43
,
. , ,
1924. .44
5. -
. ,
.
. ,
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42 , 1919--5--10, , , , 5. 2. 1919, . . . 1055 5/.
43 . , . ., 247.
44 . -, 1912-1940, ,
1986, 95-101.
107
.45
:
,
, .46
, ,
.
,
, .47
(16. 10.
1919), ,
:
,
,
, .48
, , :
,
. 1102.
, . ,
,
.
.
, .
, .
,
, ,
.49 ,50
,
.
,
.51
45 . , . ., 247.
46 . , . ., 248.
47 . , . ., 249.
48 , 1919--5--10, , . . . 1019/II/709.
49 Ibid. 48.
50 Ibid. 48.
51 Ibid. 48.
108
,
.
, ,
- ,
, , .
,
,
, , ,
, ,
. , ,
, . ,
, ,
: , ,
, ,
,
.
. ,
( )
. ,
. ,
. ,
, .
.52 ,
:
- ;
, ;
, ,
.
( )53
,
:
1)
, ;
2)
,
.54
52 , 1919--5--10, , .
1019/II/709.
53 Ibid. 52.
54 , 1919--5--10, , . . . 1019/II/709.
109
6.
)
1918. . ,
.
,
,
.
: 1)
,
; 2) ,
, ,
; 3)
, ; 4)
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,
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,
, .
.
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,
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56 . , . ., 305.
110
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1919. ,
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,
,
.58
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.61
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,
.62
,
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.63
.64
,
57 . , 1913-1918,
, , , 2004, 386-387.
58 , 1919, /, , , 28. 2. 1919, . . . 1874
59 . , 1913-1918,
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60 , 1919--5--10, (), -, 21. 3. 1919.
61 , ` /1919/ 1/5//10, (), , 21. 3. 1919.
62 . , 1913-1918,
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63 . , . ., 309.
64 . , . ., 332.
111
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,
, .
,
.65
-
,
.66
,
.
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. ,
,
, ,
.67
, ,
, (
).
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,
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- ,
,69
,
, .
) ,
,
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66 . , . ., 338.
67 , 1919 /5/(10), , , 7.
1919.
68 . , 1913-1918,
, , , 2004, 343.
69 ( ), ,
9, 9.2) ( 17. 3. 1919.)
112
,
() , .
,
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,
. , 1919.
, 5
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. , ,
5
.
, ,
.
, , ,
. ,
,
.70 .71
18. 1920.
, ,
,
.72
)
, ,
, 4 ,
1913. 1918.
, .73
,
1913, o .
,
.
92
, .
70 . , 1913-1918,
, , , 2004, 333-334.
71 , 35, 1744,
, 10. 7. 1919.
72 . , . ., 334.
73 . , . ., 373-374.
113
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,
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,
1913.
, .
, , ,
. ,
, -
1913, .74
,
,
, ,
.75
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.76
,
,
.
,
, ,
.77
7.
.
74 . , . ., 377-378.
75 . , . ., 379.
76 , 1919--5--10, , 25. 11. 1919, ,
, ,13/11/1919, , , , 9. 11. 1919.
77 , ` /1919/ 1/5//10, , 21. 3. 1919.( ,
,
, .
- . ,
.
,
. , , ,
,
,
,
, ,
.
,
.)
114
. ,
,
.78
1919. ,
.
.
, ,
, ,
, , ., ,
, .79 ,
,
.
,
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.81
,
,
,
.
, ,
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() .
,
, ,
.82
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80 , (1918-1941), ,
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81 , . .,175.
82 - , 1912-1940,
, 1996, 133; , 336, . 59-
, , 5. 2. 1919; , 336, . 59- , ,
22. 2. 1919, . . 1542; , 336, . 59- , , 23. 2. 1919,
. 3452; , 336, . 59- , , , 26. 2. 1919, . 2096;
, 336, . 59- , , 22. 3. 1919, . 8531;
, 336, . 59- , , 16. 7. 1919,
. 1867.
115
,
.83
,
, :
83 , 336, .59- , , 29. 10. 1919, . 2096.
( :
,
: 51
.
,
,
, ,
.
,
, .
, , ,
, .
.
,
, . ,
, , ,
.
,
.
,
,
,
. ,
. ,
,
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, .
, .
. .
17 .
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, -
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.
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,
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300
.
, , ,
,
.
- -
.84
Creation of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes kingdom and
Greece
Making Serbian-Greek defense alley from 1913, to a great extent, limited realization of
territory pretentions both of Serbia and Greece which, as a consequence had increased tension
among Serbian population as well as Greek inhabitants both in Serbian and Greek Macedonia.
Disputes between governments of the two alley countries had to be covered by propaganda.
One of the changes which was brought about by creation of the Serbs-Croats-Slovenes Kingdom
was, generally speaking, centralized, autocratic policy of Belgrade which inevitably reflected on
treatment of Greek population in Serbian Macedonia. Destiny of Greek communities in those
territories additionally pre determined by conditional not interested attitude of Athens was to
be gradually abolished and assimilated in the coming years, in general belief that Serbian-Greek
alley is much more important than any kind of conquers of new Serbian territories. However,
activities of refugee associations were continued independently from official Greek diplomacy
lead by President Venizelos, even in the period after forming official borders, and they were even
more encouraged when monarchist parties came in power since 1920. The questions of citizenship, as well as language, church and education were more difficult to be solved in the existing
situation. Economic changes as one more indicator of slightly modified relations between Serbia
and Greece were most obvious in the duty free zone of Thessaloniki. Serbian tradesmen, due
to changed political situation, had higher taxes as well as engraved trade conditions in general,
even introduced by official Greek institutions which as a consequence had a protest from official
Belgrade and means of public information of newly formed Kingdom. It seems that tendency to
preserve friendly relations especially in that period was particularly supported by official Greece.
Presentation of Serbian delegation at Peace Conference in Paris was just one more confirmation
that in spite of official representation of south Slavs interests and its official recognition as delegation of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes Kingdom during the Conference, its policy was considered
exclusively as Serbian by the participants. Although solving of Macedonian question was not
included in the official Conference program, diplomatic correspondence of the two alleys from
this period show that the situation in Macedonia had a great impact on behavior and presentation of the two neighboring countries in the period of determining borders.
Aleksandra M. PECINAR, M.A.
84 , 336, .59 - , , ,
30.10.1919,. 12961
117
118
,
1815. . ,
1919, .
-e 1953.
. :
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1919. ,
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, 1 3 (1909-1922), 161.
119
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1913-1920. .
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5. 1939.
, ,
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;
2) ,
;
3)
;
4) ;
5) ,
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3 , :
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(Hoover
Institution Stanford University).12
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7 ,
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2008, 36-54; :
, 1 (2009), , 2009,
56-71; ,
, 2 (2009), ,
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8 , 1938-1941:
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, , 1.
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9 , . ., 560-561; ,
: , 143-145.
10 . (, 1895-,
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( ), , 2004, 5-8; , ,
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11 . , , I. 1. I
( ), , 2004; ,
, II. 2. II ( 1942-
1944) ( ), , 2004; , ,
III. 3. II ( 1944- 1946)
( ), , 2004; , ,
IV. . (
), , 2004; , , V.
1903-1959 ( ), , 2004.
12 .
[Hoover Institution, Archives, Stanford University, CA 94305-6010 (ID: CSUZ70019-A, 7
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HYPERLINKhttp://www.mitropolija.co.me/istbibl/dzomic-stradkom/stradkom-45.
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(1999).
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165
:
(2000), (2000), (2000), (2001), (2002),
(2002), (2003), (2004).53
1980.
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Kanova di Ramizetu, Vetu d Encu, Vitaminozeeu, Vedetu Kano d Encu.
1987.
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1988.
. .
1990. ().
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1987. 1988. Wjakendorfa
(). (). 1990.
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, 26.
27. 1983. ,
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( ). 1988. 1989.
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53 . , : 1905-2005,
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166
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1985.
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). 1989. 8. 29.
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.
58
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59, , -3, 1974-1990.
.
169
2. - , 60
170
1. - , 1983. 65
171
172
.
.
173
,
. .
: a oe ae
ooje a oe a ao
oaaa, ooo oeaje. a je a
ojeoae eaaa oea oj ae
oe ae ooje, j aaaa
o
oa aa, ee
. aa ee eee
oeaje eoa a a
e, ae ooje.
, ,
.
aj oa eoo aaa eea
aoe (ooaae).
: ,
, ,
o
Te aa je a o ee oooo
oea o eoao eao jea eea. oo je aa ooja
a, a oaaa eea je aa oaa (Fe, Cu, Pb). a e
eo oo aaae eaa, ooo aao oe ooje,
oa e oee oo eoa ae oaj eaoa,
aoa ooa in situ eaa eja jeea oooa a
oe (o oa aa: FeCl2, FeCl3, FeOCl, CuCl), aea oja
ooa.
.
.
174
, . .
175
aa ee aa
oa eeoeje ooje aa eo ea jee aaa
aa joa oaj a o joa oaj -
(CuCl) ao jeo o a jeea ooo :
Cu0 Cu+ + e,
Cu+ + Cl CuCl
CuCl je eaa aae e o ejo ae a aa(I) o
oooo e (HCl) oja ooae a ooj
a ea :
CuCl + H2O Cu2O + H+ + Cl, a a
Cu+ + Cl CuCl
Oaj oe ( ), eja
oa ao oe oe, a je oja e o oe eaaje eea.
oeao ea oo a a ae ao oa
eaae CuCl ae ea Cu2O.1
a (aaa, eo eeo jaja)
ee a (aa, jaja). eea aa je oea a ee
oe eee oe ae o ae ooje. o e oea oa
e e a. aa aa a o eaa je ao oeea, aa
aa ee (aa jaaa o ee, ao, e, ae eee ),
. Aa ooja oje e aoje
eoeeo aa oj e ajee jaa aae ooje a o
eea. oja ojea a, ooo aa, jaa e ooj RH (55%
e). oe aaae ooje aa ooja oe e o ao aao
ea aa oj a eoj eoj o eea.
Oaj ooje oe aaa aoe aaaa, o
o ea a (oeo oa oja) ee
ee. Aoja ao ao aaa (eo aa ea a ee
ooa) aje aa ooo oj.
oe
aa je e o o, jo Fe2+ eaj a oa, e aaje oe(II)
-o
1Marie Berducou (Coord.), La conservation en archologie : mthodes et pratique de la
conservation-restauration des vestiges archologiques; Rgis Bertholon, Caroline Relier,
Chapitre V, Les mtaux archologiques, Paris, Masson, 1990, 179-180
, . .
176
177
178
, . .
eo
Ta o oj aaea a ooj ea e oa e
eaa a. Ta, oa, je oj, ea eaje ea
a aoa ao aoe aaaa, ejo aoee
ae, oe aoe eaa a ooj.
o oa a eaa o oo, e e ea oa
aa a, ooo oeaa oe eea ea eoa oa
aa a. oe ea eoa aae oje eo
o a ae oe, a oje o o a aaeaj ooo
oaa, oe e e o jeoaa eoa a eej o
jeea oja je e oaa (eo e oe eaa, ao oea
a o joa eo jeea eea).
Te (. 2):
aa oe ee a aa
48 (RH je a 100%). To oaea a je ee oae
eao o oo oe e aa oa a oo. oo je ojea
oaa oa, ao oo eea a ee e o o
oeae a oa eaa. Oaj e oaea ae ae ooje
e ea a ea a jao oee eea oja je
oea oa oaea.
eaja a aa eea oja a oaj oe je eea:
2CuCl + 2H2O + O2 Cu2(OH)3Cl + H+ + Cl
o a je aa o (CuCl) oa a eoo (. eo
aa oa oo ooje), oe oaa oja ao aao
oa Cu2Cl(OH)3 (aaa) ao eeao aae ae. oo
oje ooje oa eoo, e oa, eaja e e oa
oa o ao ajaa ea e oe oja o oja ooje oj
je . o oa e oaj e oa e a eeo.4
a oeea ( oa) oaea aaaoaoa aaa a o, ao ao oojo aea.
4Marie Berducou, . ., 180.
179
e oaea
Mea aeoo ee o a a oaea (aoa
, aoa e ooj aoooj o .). ooo o
ajee oea eja a ea (, pH,
o eoa, oe, o...). aj ee aoa
ae oe ooje.
ao o aaja aoe eoa ea aoa,
a eeae, oa eje e ae aeo a eae. Mea
ooaj o oee je, o e oo ojaaa oaoae aa
eoa e eejae aeaje.
ea a ae eje eaee a, a oaa e ao jo
oo. a oa aao ooaa ea e ea ea eea
oj oe eeoejoj ooj oaa ao ooo eeo. a
ea eaa aao oo oo e je oe ee
ao ao, e oa a eaa ee oe eaa oea, o-ej ej. ea e oe oaa ao o
ooo eeo ee o aoeooeo oo
o eao eaa o oeje ee e ae. ooja aaje
ajao eeoejo ej ea eea oooo ao
ea. a oja ae ooje aje aj aj jo oa oj e
aae e.
Jea o ooeo aoee ooje je oe o oe aaaa
eaa e o ao oo ae ja ea o o eoo ooojea
aooao oee oe o e oe eeoa o ee o oa.
a aoee ooje eaa a o RH aa, o ea ooj
ao e e ooo oea ee aooa ojea
ae a o eaa.5 oe a oja
ae ooje o eea e oa a oaea, a oe o
oj aaja je oaea ( ee e ae aae
oa).
aaja ea aeoo eea
oe aaje oaea aaae oaae eeeo
oaaa eaa oje aaje o-ejo eoa oe ee.
aje oe o aaje ea aeoo eea (o,
aa ee) eaa o oa.
5ee Maeo, ooja aejaa, Teooo - ea ae,
eoa, 1990, 201, 187.
180
, . .
aaja a a a oa aeja ej
oe a a a: je ea a,
a ej aoe jeoa a
aoa oe ee e eaa aejaa eajaa; je aa
a oj e aae e aeaa aejaa
oo eaja oee aejaa a oeaj a/ aeja.
o ee ao e eaj ao oaaa ee oa
o a aaaoo oa, o oe aa e a oaja.
je o a e e oaaa aa e aa ooaa
eea o ea aa e oe o ea, ee
ajoej. oa je oeo oee e oe oje je ee ao
aeooo oe. Me, je oee oa
oa oee oje oo oaee a oo eaje
jeo eeao a aoa (RH, T). ooja e oe e
oeeae ee oa (o a RH, aae eoa), o je
o eo oa ee eo, a oe oa oea
aae aae. ao je aa aaja e oeeoj
e aj ooja, oa e a aa oe ao a oo ao
oaaa a eo o eo e eea.
Ae ee aaje oaeaj aae aeaa oaaa
(ae, oee o...), ooaj . o ee eea
eooo je oo o a a eea eoe ooe. ee e
ao eaa oe ea aje oa (o ooa aoa)
oj e e oo aj ae. Oo eo je ooo, je
eea o a aoa ooo ao o jo . aee
e oje a oja ae ooje. ao je eooo oe e eaoa,
aoa ( ej e). e
oe oa oj oaj oj a ee
ao eeo ej a oa ooj.
oo ee (ea oaj a oa aejaa), e
oe ooee . ao o aa aaja oa a
aoje oa eo, je je o ej a oaae. oo o aa
o, oa je a o eea ao aee oje je o
eoa ajoe eee.
oaja oa a ee
o o : ao ooo
oaa oe (ea-ooo o). aj e o
oj ej o oooo oe (a) a o.
181
a o e ej o oe e ae oe
ej oea, a oaj ojea ooo oaa.
Taoe, e o aa, o aaaa, a e ooaaj
ooe joe oa. ooo oje oj ae oe e oaj
e ea ae ooje.
A o o a ooo ojea
je aaee (a, ooo, aeo, eja oa ooe)
ae o e eaa oea o e ee aao. e e ooe
a oo eaj oa. A o aae ooo
oa ea-oooo oja. aj aa ea, o
aa (CuCl) e jea ae e ooe a oj oao ea
o e a aea eaaj oj oj e aaa a .
aa je e o eaa oa, o aoj ee oe
o-, kgnit FeO(OH). o e o aa aoa oj
eaaj ajooje oe a ooj. o oaa oe e
eaa ooo oaa, oa oje ooaaj aoa ea, a
eo e oooe oe.6
Meoe aaje
aaja oaa jaooae aa eea, oeae
oo oa, o eoe aaj.
aaja eaa jea ee oeaoo eaa.
oa oo e a jaooae aa eea ajee oa
a ao oe oeaoo eaa. Taa e e (a /
ea eoaa) eaa o-eje ooe,
eeao o e aejaa oaj a eao, ao
eea, ea ae, e aaeaja ooo oaa .
ea aae eo e a a o eoe aaj.
ooo o, ooo ooo oj oae aae, oeaaj
oa. Eaja oaa ooje oaaa
oa, a oa je e oa. ajee je oaa oa, ao
o eoa, eea ao oooo oja, e aae o
e o e oaje (o eea, oaea...) e o
ee eea. aao ea eao a ooe
eaj a oa, aj ee oooo oja oj
je oa oaoj o eea.
aj oa eo ea, oo o ojea
o oa ee a eaje oa. aa je
6Marie Berducou, . ., 211-212.
182
, . .
183
184
, . .
185
186
, . .
9. aa o-aoao, aa , oa Je, oa o,
, oa, ea a oeaj, eoa, 2010.
10. L. Selwyn, Overview of archaeological iron: the corrosion problem, key factors affecting treatment, and gaps in current knowledge, Metal 04: Proceedings of the International
187
188
, . .
189
190
a 1
ooj aao eea
( Marie Berducou, . ., 179)
a 2
Te aoj oo ( Mourey Wiliam, La Conservation des Antiquites Mtalliques, L.C.R.R.A., Draguignan, 1987, 18)
191
Tae 1
eaj oa o eea
(o aa)
KONCENTRACIJA HLORIDA
MOLARITET
10-2
OBNAVLJANJE RASTVORA
PRVO KUPATILO
5 x 10-3
10-3
ZADNJE KUPATILO
DRUGO KUPATILO
10
50
100
120
DANI
a 3
oo - (
Marie Berducou, . ., 212)
193
2011.
2011.
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( ),
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194
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70
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a .
.
,
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340 234 - .
.
25
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-
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, ( 347
).
Ma - (1 )
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. 10 (
).
2011.
195
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.
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,
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.
( ).
. .
,
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- ra
.
27.
, 5 8. 2011.
(,
(XVI-X )). Ottoman pipes from National Museum aak Collection.
(28-29. )
, ,
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.
(
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ARS
LAPIDARIA SIRMIENSIS ( ) ,
196
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RECTE ILLIMINAS-
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27. 28.
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1871 1872. 1863). 600
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