Professional Documents
Culture Documents
By : group 1
Tutor : Dr. Norman
Group members :
Tami,lesti,asillia,nining,meyta,sanggita,alfian,riefki,yuda,
fathan,rendy, harvinder,kevin,
Scenario
A 60 years old male came to the clinic with chief complaint of weakness.
He had prolonged symptoms of epigastric pain and need antacid for
relieving it. He has suffered from rheumatoid arthritis since five years
ago and always taken Non Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Drugs.
Physical Examination :
General appearance : pale, fatique
HR : 94 X/minute, RR:24 X/minute, Temperature: 36,8oC, BP : 110/60
mmHg
Cheilitis positive
Koilonychias positive
Laboratory :
Hemoglobin is 5,0 g/dl, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is 70 fL, MCH
25, MCHC 30%, RDW: 17, blood smear : anisocytosis, hypochrome
microcyter, poikilocytosis.
Fecal Occult Blood : positive
Others
Fe serum 8 µg/dL ( normal 50-150µg/dL )
TIBC 450µg/dL ( normal 250-370µg/dL )
Saturation 1,7% ( normal 20-45% )
Ferritin 10µg/dL ( normal 15-400µg/dL )
Term Clarification
1. Weakness : kehabisan tenaga atau lelah yang berlebihan
2. antacid : obat yang digunakan untuk menetralisir asam lambung
3. Rheumatoid arthritis: Peradangan kronis pada sendi karena autoimun
4. NSAID : Obat-obat anti inflamasi non steroid
5.Upper GI Symptoms : Gejala-gejala pada penyakit GIT bagian atas,
meliputi dyspepsia, dysfagia, mual dan muntah
6. Pale : Pucat
7. Fatique : Lelah
8. Lymphadenopathy : Pembesaran kelenjar getah bening
9. epigastric pain:Nyeri pada daerah epigastrik
10. chelitis : Inflamasi pada bibir (sariawan)
11. koilonychias : Kuku yang berbentuk seperti sendok
12. Liver and spleen non palpable : Hati dan limpa yang tidak teraba
Problem Identification
1. A 60 Yo male has chief complaint of weakness
2. He always used antacid for relieving his
symptoms of epigastric pain
3. Since 5 years ago, he always taken NSAID for
his rheumatoid arthritis
4. Physical Examination :
General appearance : pale and fatigue
BP 110/60 mmHg
Epigastric pain
Cheilitis positive
Koilonychias positive
Problem Identification Cont’d
5. Laboratory :
Hb 5,8 g/dL
MCV 70fL
MCH 25pg
MCHC 30%
Blood smear : anisocytosis, poikilocytosis,
hypochromic microcyter
Fecal occult blood positive
Serum iron 8µg/dL
TIBC 450µg/dL
Saturation 1,7%
Ferritin 10 µg/dL
Problem analysis
1. How is iron metabolism ?
2. How is correlation between Iron with hemoglobin synthesis ?
3. How is etiology, mechanism of weakness ? related to this case
4. What is epigastric pain ?
5. How is correlation between antacid with his symptoms now ?
6. How is correlation between NSAID with his symptoms now ?
7. What is interpretation of Physical exam result ?
8. How is mechanism of PE ?
9. What is interpretation of lab result ? baca pathophysiology
10. How is mechanism of lab ?
11. What are Possible diseases ?
12. How to diagnosis ?
13. What is working diagnosis ?
14. What is suitable treatment ?
15. What is prognosis ?
16. What is complication ?
17. What is prevention ?
Hypothesis
transferin
Protoporfirin IX
Heme
Hemoglobin
Weakness
Causes of weakness : ( related with
this scenario )
Anemia(defisiensi,hemoglobinoaty,hemolit
ik,penyakit kronik),
Gangguan suplai o2 ke jaringan otot,
Penyakit ginjaL
CHF
under nutrition
Weakness cont’d
The Possibilities mechanism of weakness in
this scenario :
Menurunnya jumlah Hb akibat berkurangnya bahan
pembentuknya yaitu besi akibat gangguan absorbsi besi di
gaster akibat HCL yang dinetralisir(HCL berperan dalam
membantu absorsi besi yang dihasilkan sel parietal lambung)
oleh karena meminum antasid
kerusakanmukosa di saluran cerna atas akibat pajanan
NSAID yang lama sehingga menyebabkan kehilangan darah
secara samar karena perdarahan saluran cerna atas
MCHC /N N N
Fecal occult + + - (dijumpai +/- -
blood telur)
Serum iron N$
TIBC /n N
Saturation N
transferrin
Ferritin serum n/ N
ANEMIA DEFISIENSI BESI
a. Definition :
◦ Anemia yang timbul sebagai akibat dari
berkurangnya penyediaan besi untuk
eritropoiesis, karena cadangan besi kosong
(depleted iron strores) yang pada akhirnya
menyebabkan pembentukan hemoglobin
berkurang.
b. Etiology
1. Kehilangan zat besi sebagai akibat perdarahan
menahun
2. Faktor nutrisi: akibat berkurangnya zat besi total di
dalam makanan
3. Kebutuhan besi meningkat: pada prematur, anak
dalam masa pertumbuhan, dan kehamilan
4. Gangguan absorbsi besi: gastrektomi, tropical sprue
atau kolitis kronik
c. Epidemiology
Prevalensi
Laki- laki dewasa 16-50%
Wanita tidak hamil 25-48%
Wanita hamil 46-92%
Tahap-tahap Anemia deficiency besi :
Prelatent
Penurunan iron stores tanpa penurunan dari level iron serum
Hb,Mcv,transferin saturation normal
Serum feritin menurun
Latent
Iron stores are exhausted, but the blood hemoglobin normal
Hb, Mcv normal
TIBC meningkat
Serum feritin, transferin saturation menurun
1. Gejala anemia
2. Spesifik Anemia
umum
defisiensi besi:
•Fatigue
•Glossitis
•Pusing
•Koilonychia
•Sakit kepala
•Stomatitis angularis
•Sesak nafas
•Kelemahan tungkai (cheilosis)
•Alopecia
•Angina
•Pica
•Pucat
•Takikardia
•Murmur
E. diagnosis
Hypocromic and/or
microcytic anemia
Serum Fe
Transferrin serum
◦ Kadar < 10 mikroliter/liter merupakan karakteristik defisiensi besi.
weakness
g. treatment
For his iron deficiency ( weakness ) :
1. Oral administration of ferrous iron salt
Commonly use oral Fe :
GI bleeding
◦ Proton Ion Pump (PPI)
◦ H2i (Histamin)
Non-Steroid Anti Inflammatory Drug’s
problem
Stop taking NSAIDs for a while to back normal pH
of gastric. So, for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
treatment should be changed with corticosteroid
low dose in short period. Next, tapering down
that dose. Taking steroid must taking Ca
supplement and vitamin D also. It can prevent
the risk of bone loss and osteoporosis.
Nutrition
h. Prognosis
Dubia
at bonam blood count will return to
normal in 2 month
i. Complication
Severe anemia hypoxemia, myocardial
ischemia, increase intracranial pressure
Kerusakan struktur dan fungsi jaringan epitel
koilonichia, atrophy papillae, angular stomatitis
Chronic deficiency anemia cold intolerance
Children with deficiency anemia neurologic
development is impaired
j. Prevention
Diet besi yang cukup sumber makanan : daging,hati
Take iron supplement ( jika besi tidak tercukupi
melalui diet besi )
Consideration for prophylactic iron therapy pregnant
women, women with menorrhagia, vegetarian, infants,
adolescent female, regular blood donors.
If patient with anemic ( hb<11 g/dl ) administer iron
at different time day than calcium because calcium
inhibit iron absorption.
Thank you for attention