Literacy for the 21

st
Century, 6
th
ed.
Gail E. Tompkins
2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
3
Chapter 1

8 Principles of
Balanced Literacy
Instruction

Literacy for the 21
st
Century, 6
th
ed.
Gail E. Tompkins
2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
4
Chapter 1
Principle 1:
Effective Teachers Understand How
Students Learn
Behaviorism

Constructivism
Schema Theory
Inquiry Learning
Engagement Theory
Sociolinguistics
Sociocultural Theory
Situated Learning Theory
Critical Literacy

Information Processing
Interactive Models
Transactive Theory
Strategic Behaviors
Literacy for the 21
st
Century, 6
th
ed.
Gail E. Tompkins
2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
5
Chapter 1
Principle 2:
Effective Teachers Support Students Use
of the Cueing Systems

The Phonological System
The Syntactic System
The Semantic System
The Pragmatic System
Literacy for the 21
st
Century, 6
th
ed.
Gail E. Tompkins
2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
6
Chapter 1
Principle 3:
Effective Teachers Create a Community
of Learners
Safety
Respect
High Expectations
Risk Taking
Collaboration
Choice
Responsibility
Family and community Involvement

Literacy for the 21
st
Century, 6
th
ed.
Gail E. Tompkins
2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
7
Chapter 1
Principle 4:
Effective Teachers Adopt a Balanced
Approach to Instruction

Characteristics of a balanced approach
Components of a balanced approach
Common Core State Standards


Literacy for the 21
st
Century, 6
th
ed.
Gail E. Tompkins
2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
8
Chapter 1
Principle 5:
Effective Teachers Scaffold Students
Reading and Writing

Modeled Reading and Writing
Shared Reading and Writing
Interactive Reading and Writing
Guided Reading and Writing
Independent Reading and Writing



Literacy for the 21
st
Century, 6
th
ed.
Gail E. Tompkins
2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
9
Chapter 1
Principle 6:
Effective Teachers Organize for
Literacy Instruction

Basal Reading Programs
Literature Focus Units
Literature Circles
Reading and Writing Workshop
Nurturing English Learners




Literacy for the 21
st
Century, 6
th
ed.
Gail E. Tompkins
2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
10
Chapter 1
Principle 7:
Effective Teachers Differentiate
Instruction

Differentiating the Content
Differentiating the Process
Differentiating the Products





Literacy for the 21
st
Century, 6
th
ed.
Gail E. Tompkins
2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
11
Chapter 1
Principle 8:
Effective Teachers Link
Instruction and Assessment

4 steps to link instruction and assessment
Planning
Monitoring
Evaluating
Reflecting
Classroom Assessment Tools
High Stakes Tests





Literacy for the 21
st
Century, 6
th
ed.
Gail E. Tompkins
2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
12
Chapter 1

How Effective Teachers Teach
Reading and Writing

Teachers apply learning theories as they teach reading and
writing.
Teachers create a community of learners in their
classrooms.
Teachers adopt the balanced approach to literacy
instruction.
Teachers differentiate instruction so all students can be
successful.
Teachers link instruction and assessment.

Literacy for the 21
st
Century, 6
th
ed.
Gail E. Tompkins
2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
13
Chapter 2

The Reading Process

Stage 1: Prereading
Stage 2: Reading
Stage 3: Responding
Stage 4: Exploring
Stage 5: Applying
Literacy for the 21
st
Century, 6
th
ed.
Gail E. Tompkins
2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
All rights reserved.
14
Chapter 2
How Effective Teachers Teach the
Reading and Writing Process

Teachers use the reading processprereading, reading, responding,
exploring, and applyingto ensure that students comprehend books they
read.
Teachers provide opportunities for students to use varied types of
reading, including independent reading, guided reading, and interactive
read-alouds.
Teachers teach students how to use the writing processprewriting,
drafting, revising, editing, and publishingto write and refine their
compositions.
Teachers teach students about the writers craft. Including the six traits.
Teachers integrate reading and writing because theyre reciprocal
meaning-making processes.