Phn 1 :

Drupal l mt h thng qun tr ni dung (CMS) m ngun m, min ph, rt mnh m v n nh, c xy
dng cch y hn 10 nm. S n nh v mnh m t nhn ca Drupal khin cho m ngun ny c tin
dng t nhng blog, website nh n cc mng x hi cng tc ln.


Vi cu trc linh hot gip cho cc lp trnh vin m rng chc nng khng hn ch theo nhu cu s dng. V
d nh bn c th gn thm thuc tnh cho rt nhiu i tng, trong c bi vit, bnh lun, ngi dng v
thm ch gn thuc tnh cho cc th (tag). Mt th mnh khc ca Drupal l rt thn thin vi cc b my tm
kim, gip cho cc webmaster vt v trong qu trnh SEO ca mnh. Ngoi ra, m ngun cn c ti u
nng cao hiu sut hot ng gip tit kim ti nguyn ca h thng.

Phin bn Drupal 7 mang n mt giao din qun tr hon ton mi vi rt nhiu ci tin cho ngi pht trin
website v ngi qun l ni dung. N h tr nhiu CSDL khc nhau, t MySQL cho n PostgreSQL, SQLite,
MS SQL Server, Oracle v thm ch c th m rng h tr cc dng NoSQL. Bn cnh cc u im nh
th, Drupal cn tn ti mt khuyt im nh l kh s dng i vi ngi dng mi. Trong lot bi vit ny, tc
gi s gii thiu n cc bn mt s bc xy dng v thit k c bn nht da trn m ngun Drupal 7.

1. To localhost bng XAMPP

Localhost c hiu nh l mt hosting hot ng ngay trn my tnh ca bn, vi a ch IP mc nh
l 127.0.0.1 v tn min ca n l http://localhost/. Localhost c ngi qun tr website s dng vo vic
thit k website v kim tra code trc khi a vo hot ng trn hosting. Hin nay c nhiu phn mm to
localhost, bi vit ny s a ra mt s gi v cch to localhost bng phn mm XAMPP.

*Ti v v ci t XAMPP

u tin, bn hy ti phn mm XAMPP t trang ch: www.apachefriends.org hoc c th ti bn 1.7.4
c dung lng 63,2MB ti a ch ny (Mediafire). Ti trang ch ca XAMPP, bn bm vo lin kt XAMPP
trn thanh menu, ri chn phin bn XAMPP ph hp vi h iu hnh. i vi h iu hnh Windows, bn
bm vo lin kt XAMPP for Windows ri ko thanh cun ca trnh duyt n khung XAMPP for Windows 1.7.4,
26.1.2011 v bm vo mt trong ba nh dng (exe, zip, 7z) ti v.


Sau khi ti v, bn bm i vo tp tin xampp-win32-1.7.4-VC6-installer.exe khi ng tin trnh ci
t. Trong hp thoi hin ra, bn bm Next chuyn n bc Choose Install Lacation.

Ti bc ny, bn bm Browse trong khung Destination Folder nu mun chn li th mc lu tr, mc nh l
C:\xampp vi C l a cha h iu hnh. ng thi, bn cng c cung cp hai thng tin Space required-
dung lng yu cu, Space available- dung lng cn trng, bm Next.


n bc XAMMPP Options, bn c th thay i cc thit lp bng cch b du hoc thm du chn
cc tng ng. Gm c cc thit lp sau: Create a XAMPP desktop icon (to biu tng trn mn hnh
desktop), Create an Apache Friend XAMPP folder in the start menu (to menu trong danh sch ca nt Start),
Install Apache as service (ci t thnh phn Apache), Install MySQL as service (ci t thnh phn MySQL),
Install Filezilla as service (ci t thnh phn Filezilla), bm Install bt u tin trnh ci t.


Sau khi ci t xong, bn s nhn thy biu tng ca chng trnh chy khay h thng v ca s
qun l ng dng XAMPP Control Panel Application. Th mc ci t mc nh ca phn mm l C:\xampp,
vi C: l a cha h iu hnh, th mc gc ca localhost l htdocs (C:\xampp\htdocs), ni t m ngun
Drupal. Th mc gc ny hon ton c th thay i thnh mt tn khc nhng vic thay i kh phc tp v
gy ra li trong lc chy XAMPP khi thao tc thay i khng chnh xc.


Lu , bn khng nn to localhost bng phn mm Appserv v khi ci t Drupal 7 c th xy li
bc Set up database.
*To c s d liu

Trong qu trnh ci t Drupal 7 s i hi cc thng s lin quan n c s d liu (Database). Do ,
bn cn phi to ra tn c s d liu trong ca s qun l phpMyAdmin. thc hin, bn nhp vo thanh
Address ca trnh duyt Internet Explorer a ch http://localhost/phpmyadmin.

Trong trang hin ra, bn nhp tn c s d liu vo bn di dng ch Create new database (v d nhp
drupal, tn c s d liu ny c s dng cho c bi vit), nhn nt Create. Lu , bn cn ghi nh tn c s
d liu to khai bo trong qu trnh ci t Drupal. Hon ton khc vi Appserv, thay v bn t quy nh
mt khu ng nhp c s d liu th XAMPP s cung cp lun thng s: database user: root, password:
(khng c).

Phn 2: Hng dn ci t m ngun Drupal 7 trn localhost


Phn 2 :

Phn 2 s hng dn cc bc ci t m ngun Drupal 7 trn localhost v lm quen vi mt s tnh nng c
bn c trong Drupal 7.


2. Ci t Drupal 7

* Ti v m ngun Drupal 7

Nh gii thiu, Drupal 7 l mt h thng qun tr ni dung m ngun m, rt n nh v mnh m.
N c cung cp min ph ti trang ch http://drupal.org. Ti trang ch, bn bm vo lin kt Get Start with
Drupal chuyn n trang ti v Drupal 7.2.

Tip theo, bn bm Download Drupal 7.2 v bm vo lin kt zip (3,01MB) phin bn 7.2. Bn c th
dng trnh tng tc download hoc ti bng trnh download ca Windows.

Ngoi ra, bn c th ti bn Drupal 7.2 c tch hp sn gi ngn ng ting Vit v mt s module hu ch
gip tng kh nng SEO ca Drupal ti a ch ny.

Sau khi ti v, bn gii nn ri sao chp th mc drupal-7.2 vo th mc gc htdocs ca localhost
(C:\xampp\htdocs), ri i tn th mc ny li theo thch ca bn, chng hn: news (tn th mc ny c s
dng cho c bi vit).



*Ci t Drupal 7

Bn khi ng trnh duyt Mozilla Firefox ri nhp vo thanh a ch ng dn
http://localhost/news/install.php (hoc http://localhost/news/). Qu trnh ci t Drupal phi tri qua 7 bc.
Trong bc u tin Choose profile, bn s c hai la chn Standard v Minimal. Bn nn chn kiu ci t
Standard v n s gip bn ci t y nhng tnh nng cn thit cho vic qun l website, cn kiu ci t
Minimal ch kch hot mt s tnh nng, bm Save and continue tip tc.

n bc Choose language, mc nh ch c duy nht chn English (built-in). Nu mun thm gi ngn ng
khc (v d Ting Vit) th bn bm vo lin kt Learn how to install Drupal in other languages c hng
dn c th. Hoc truy cp trc tip vo a ch http://localize.drupal.org/translate/downloads ti gi
Vietnamese dnh cho phin bn 7.2. Sau khi ti v, bn hy sao chp tp tin ny vo th mc
C:\xampp\htdocs\info\profiles\standard\translations. Khi , bc th hai ny s c thm la chn
Vietnamese (Ting Vit). Nhng thun tin cho vic ci t Module sau ny th bn nn chn ngn ng
English. Khi hon tt cc bc thit k th mi chuyn giao din v ngn ng Ting Vit. Bm Save and
continue chuyn sang bc tip theo.


Bc Verify requirements khng cn thit khi ci t trn localhost. Nn tin trnh ci t tip tc chuyn qua
bc Set up database. Trong bc ny, bn gi mc nh mc Database type, nhp tn c s d liu vo
Database name (v d nh drupal khai bo trong phn 1), nhp root vo Database username, trng
Database password. Ring i vi mc Advanced Options, bn c th thm tin t vo trc cc tn bng
trong c s d liu, v d nh drupal_, ri bm Save and continue.

Khi bc Install profile hon tt th bn tin hnh khai bo cc thng tin lin quan n website cn to, nh Site
name- tn website, Site email address- a ch email nhn thng tin v tnh trng website, Username- tn ti
khon qun tr, Password v Confirm password- mt khu.


Ngoi ra cn c mt s thit lp khc: Default country- chn quc gia, Default time zone- chn mi gi mc
nh, Check for updates automatically- kim tra cp nht t ng, Receive e-mail notifications- nhn thng bo
qua email, xong bm Save and continue. n bc Finished, qu trnh ci t hon tt, bn bm vo lin
kt Visit your new site vo trang ch ca website.


3. Lm quen vi h thng ca Drupal 7
Trn thanh cng c qun tr h thng ca Drupal c cc menu Dashboard- bng qun l cc tc v
thng dng, Content- qun l ni dung, Structure- qun l cu trc website, Apperance- qun l giao din,
People- qun l ti khon ngi dng, Modules- qun l ci t, kch hot, phn quyn module, Configuration-
cu hnh website, Reports- cc bo co v tnh trng h thng, Help- tr gip, Add content- thm vo bi vit
mi, Find content- tm kim bi vit.


u tin, bn cn thay i mt s thng tin c bn ca website. Bn vo menu Configuration ri bm Site
imformation ti khung System. trang hin ra, bn c th thm vo cu khu hiu ti Slogan, sa tn
website ti Site name, Number of posts on front page- chn s lng bi vit hin th ti trang ch. Ring i
vi khung Error Pages, bn c th to trang bo li 404 (bo li trang khng tn ti) thn thin ngi dng,
ri thm ng dn vo Default 404 (not found) page. Khi xong, bn bm Save Configuration thay i c
hiu lc.

vit bi cho website, bn bm Add content trn thanh cng c, bm vo lin kt Article trang hin ra.
Tip theo, bn nhp tiu bi vit vo Title, nhp cc t kha vo Tags (cc t kha ny gip ch qu
trnh SEO, ngn cch gia cc t kha l du phy (,)), nhp ni dung vo khung Body (khung nhp ni dung
ny rt n gin, khng c cc cng c son tho vn bn, bn c th s dng cc th HTML), chn nh dng
vn bn trng Text Format.



Bn bm nt Browse mc Image chn hnh nh i din cho bi vit. Drupal ch h tr cc nh dng nh
png, gif, jpg, jpeg, dung lng tp tin ti ln khng qu 8MB.





Ngoi ra, bn c th quy nh mt s thuc tnh cho bi vit nh Menu Settings- nh du chn vo Provide a
menu link to menu cho bi vit, Comment settings- m hoc ng tnh nng bnh lun cui bi vit,
Authoring Information- thng tin v tc gi bi vit. Khi vit xong, bn bm Save.





Phn 3 :

Mt s gi v cch qun l v thit k giao din website.
Mt website c giao din p, thn thin lun l mc tiu m ngi thit k web hng n, ng thi n cng
l mt tiu chun khch truy cp nh gi mc chuyn nghip ca website, t thu ht h thng
xuyn lui ti website. Phn ny s a ra mt s gi v cch thit k giao din cho website da trn tri
nghim ca tc gi v m ngun Drupal 7.

4. Ty chnh cc khung tnh nng trn giao din website

Sau khi ci t xong, giao din mc nh ca website Drupal 7 rt n gin ch c khung tnh nng
(Block): Search form, Navigation, User login, Powered by Drupal. V cc khung tnh nng ny ch hin th vi
mt nhm ngi dng nht nh, v d khung Navigation ch hin th vi ngi qun tr website.


Do , bn cn phi b tr li v tr cc khung tnh nng cho ph hp v phn quyn xem i vi cc nhm
ngi dng. u tin, bn ng nhp vo ti khon qun tr ri bm vo menu Structure trn thanh cng c.
Trong trang hin ra, bn bm vo lin kt Blocks. ct Blocks, bn s thy cc khung tnh nng System Help-
tr gip h thng, Main page content- phn ni dung chnh, Navigation- thanh iu hng, User login- khung
ng nhp ca ngi dng, Power by Drupal- cm t thng tin bn quyn,Trong ct Region, bn bm vo
nt x xung s c cc v tr nh sau: Header- u trang, Highlighted- u khung ni dung, Sidebar first- ct
tnh nng bn tri, Sildebar second- ct tnh nng bn phi, Footer- chn trang,Bn ch cn chn v tr ct
Region tng ng khung tnh nng mun thay i.

Ring vi ct Weight, bn c th quy nh th t ca cc khung tnh nng. V d, v tr Sidebar first c ba
khung tnh nng User login, Navigation, Search form, bn quy nh cc s ln lt l 0, 1, 2 th trang ch ca
website chng c xp theo th t ny t trn xung. Nu khng tm thy ct Weight th bn bm Show row
weights u ct Operations hin th ct ny.
Ngoi ra, mc Disabled cha cc khung tnh nng cha c kch hot. thun tin cho khch truy
cp theo di cc bi vit trn website, bn c th kch hot thm cc khung tnh nng Main menu- danh mc

chnh, Recent comments- bnh lun mi nht, Recent content- ni dung mi nht, Whos new- thnh vin mi
ng k, Whos online- thnh vin ang trc tuyn.

Ngc li, nu mun n mt khung tnh nng no th bn bm vo v tr ct Region ca khung , chn
None. Chng hn mun n dng ch bn quyn Power by Drupal. Khi xong, bn bm Save Blocks thay i
c hiu lc.

cp quyn xem cho cc nhm ngi dng website, bn vo menu People trn thanh qun tr ri bm th
Permissions. Ti y c ba nhm ngi dng: Anonymous User- ngi dng n danh, Authenticated User-
thanh vin c xc thc, Administrator- ngi qun tr website. Bn c th cp php hin th khung Search
i vi nhm Anonymous User bng cch nh du chn vo tng ng vi dng Use search. Lu , bn
cn phi xem xt k khi cp php cho nhm Anonymous User, c bit l i vi cc tnh nng quan trng. Cc
tnh nng ny s c trnh by k hn trong phn qun l ngi dng.

5. Ci t v qun l giao din mi
Trong gi ci t Drupal 7.2 ch cung cp bn giao din l Bartik 7.2 (giao din mc nh), Seven 7.2 (
c kch hot) v Garland 7.2, Stark 7.2 (cha c kch hot). kch hot giao din v chn lm mc
nh, bn vo menu Appearance ri bm vo lin kt Enable and set default bn di tn giao din.


Khi chn giao din lm mc nh th bn vn c th ty chnh cc thuc tnh ca giao din bng cch bm
Settings. Ty vo tnh nng ca tng loi giao din m c cch ty chnh khc nhau. Nhng thng c phn
chung l Toggle Display (bt hay tt vic hin th logo, tn website, khu hiu, hnh nh trong bi vit, bnh
lun,), Logo image settings (thit lp s dng logo mc nh), Shortcut icon settings (thit lp hin th biu
tng (favicon) u a ch website).

i vi giao din Bartik cn c ty chnh v mu sc ca cc thnh phn nh mu nn, mu ch, mu ca cc
lin kt, mu vin, mu ca cc khung tnh nng, mu ca tiu v khu hiu website, mu chn trang. Khi
thay i xong cc ty chnh th bn bm Save configuration lu li.
Nu cm thy cc giao din ny khng ph hp vi nhu cu th bn bm Install new theme tin hnh
ci t giao din mi. Bn s c hai la chn ci t Install from a URL- ci t t lin kt n tp tin trn my
ch ca Drupal, v d: http://ftp.drupal.org/files/projects/danland-7.x-1.0.tar.gz hoc Upload a module or theme
archive to install- ci t t tp tin trn my tnh (nh dng zip, tar, tgz, gz, bz2), xong bm Install.


tm giao din tng thch vi Drupal 7, bn truy cp vo a ch chuyn cung cp giao din ca Drupal:
http://drupal.org/project/themes. Trong trang web hin ra, bn bm vo ch Any mc Filter by compatibility
chn 7.x ri bm Search.

Bn tm mt giao din va trong danh sch giao din hin th bn di ri ti v. Mi giao din ti y c y
cc thng tin v phin bn h tr, tnh nng, tc gi, ngy chnh sa gn nht,
V d, bn cn ti giao din Marinelli v s dng, th bm vo dng ch Marinelli ri tm n mc Download
chn nh dng Zip. Sau khi ti v, bn gii nn tp tin v sao chp vo th mc Themes (ng dn
htdocs/news/sites/all/themes). By gi, bn c th vo menu Appearance kch hot v s dng giao din.


Nu bn l mt ngi am hiu v cc ngn ng lp trnh web th vic chnh sa v thit k giao din s khng
my kh khn. Tuy nhin c mt lu nh l phi c mt tp tin .info nm trong th mc cha giao din. Tp
tin ny cha nhng thng tin c bn v giao din nh tn, thng tin tc gi, ch thch,
V d:
name = Tonghop24
description = Theme Tonghop24 (http://tonghop24.com/) c Tng hp 24 pht trin
screenshot = images/screenshot.png
core = 7.x
engine = phptemplate
; Regions
regions[header] = Header
regions[superfish_menu] = Superfish Menu
regions[highlighted] = Highlighted
regions[banner] = Banner
regions[preface_one] = Preface One
regions[preface_two] = Preface Two
regions[preface_three] = Preface Three
regions[content] = Content
regions[sidebar_first] = Sidebar First
regions[sidebar_second] = Sidebar Second

Ngoi ra, bn c th to giao din Drupal 7 theo s sau:

6. To giao din mi bng dch v Drupal Garden

Nu khng thnh tho lm v cc m PHP, CSS th bn c th nh n dch v to website trc tuyn
Drupal Gardens to ra nhng mu giao din p v tng thch vi Drupal 7. Drupal Gardens l mt dch v
gip ngi dng mi tri nghim m ngun Drupal 7 trn my ch ca h. Theo gii thiu ti trang ch, bn d
dng to ra mt website ch trong thi gian l 15 pht, vi nhiu module ci t sn.
u tin, bn cn ng k s dng dch v ti a ch www.drupalgardens.com, c th tham kho cch ng k
v s dng mt s tnh nng ca dch v ti a ch ny. Sau khi ng nhp vo ti khon qun tr website ca
dch v, bn bm vo menu Appearance ri bm chn mt mu trong danh sch giao din ca Garden themes.

By gi, bn s dng tnh nng Palettes trong th Brand cho vic phi mu trn giao din vi cc bng
mu khung bn phi. Tnh nng Logo gip bn thm vo biu tng u trang v biu tng nh (Favicon)
trn thanh tiu ca trnh duyt, bm vo nt Browse ri duyt n tp tin nh trn my tnh. th Layout
a ra mt s cch b tr ni dng trn website cho bn la chn.

Th Style gm c ba tnh nng: Font- gip quy nh font, c, mu sc, kiu ch; Borders & Spacing-
ng vin v khong cch gia cc khung; Background- hnh nn v cch hin th. Ngoi ra cn c mt s
thit lp nng cao v CSS th Advanced. Khi xong, bn bm Save as lu li, nhp vi k t vo hp thoi
Save theme as hin ra.

Khi thit k xong giao din th bn xem li giao din a ch trang ch m dch v cung cp, ri bm Export
nu khng c chnh sa. Bn nhp tn giao din vo hp thoi Export theme as, bm OK ti v my. n
y, bn ch cn gii nn tp tin ti v vo th mc themes v kch hot s dng giao din.




Phn 4 :
Vit bi v qun l ni dung trong website Drupal 7
Vi tnh nng Article trong Add content th vic vit bi cho website Drupal 7 gp rt nhiu
kh khn, bi v khng c cc cng c son tho trong khung Body. Bn cnh , cc ni dung
trn website Drupal 7 c i x nh nhau (c xem l mt node) khng phn bit ch
hay nhm chuyn mc. Phn ny s gii thiu mt s gi v cch to thm thanh cng c
son tho vn bn, t chc v phn loi ni dung,

7. Ci t v thit lp trnh son tho TinyMCE

u tin, bn cn truy cp vo a ch http://drupal.org/project/wysiwyg ti v
module Wysiwyg. Chc nng ca module ny l cho ngi dng thy ngay nhng thay i i
vi nhng thao tc m h ang thc hin. Khi trang hin ra, bn ko thanh cun ca trnh
duyt xung n mc Download ri bm vo lin kt Zip (149,02KB) phin bn 7.x-2.0. Sau
, bn tin hnh gii nn v sao chp vo th mc modules (ng dn
htdocs/news/sites/all/modules).



Bn quay tr li trnh duyt v bm vo menu Modules trn thanh cng c qun tr hoc truy
cp vo ng dn http://localhost/info/#overlay=admin/modules ri ko thanh cun n cui
trang, nh du chn vo trc tn module Wysiwyg, bm Save Configuration bt u
tin trnh kch hot. Bn c th bm vo lin kt check manually m bo hon tt cho qu
trnh cp nht.

Sau khi kch hot xong, bn tr xung module v bm vo Configure ct Operations.
trong khung Installation Instructions l danh sch cc trnh son tho v trng thi ci t ca
chng. Danh sch ny gm c CKEditor, FCKeditor, jWYSIWYG, markItUp, NicEdit,
openWYSIWYG, TinyMCE, Whizzywig, WYMeditor, YUI editor. Bn c th chn cho mnh mt
trnh son tho va trong danh sch ny. Trong mc ny, tc gi chn trnh son tho
TinyMCE minh ha cch ci t.
Bn truy cp vo trang ch http://tinymce.moxiecode.com ca TinyMCE ti v phin
bn mi nht. Ti thi im ca bi vit, bn c th ti phin bn TinyMCE 3.4.2 ti a ch
ny. Sau khi ti v, bn to th mc libraries trong th mc all (htdocs/news/sites/all) v gii
nn th mc tinymce vo th mc mi va to.

By gi, bn vo li phn cu hnh ca module Wysiwyg tin hnh kch hot s dng trnh
son tho TinyMCE trn cc nh dng vn bn (truy cp nhanh qua ng dn:
http://localhost/info/#overlay=admin/config/content/wysiwyg). Trong ct Input Format c ba
nh dng Filtered HTML, Full HTML, Plain Text, bn bm chut vo tng ng ct
Editor chn s dng TinyMCE, xong bm Save.


thit lp cc tnh nng ca TinyMCE, bn bm Edit ct Operations sau khi kch hot
s dng. Bn gi mc nh cc thit lp mc Basic Setup. i vi mc Button and Plugins,
bn nh du chn vo cc nt lnh cn hin th trn thanh cng c son tho vn bn. Chng
hn nh: Bold, Italic, Underline, Align right, Justify, Copy, Paste, Cut, Image, Link, Font, Font
size, Font style, HTML block format, Table, Media,

Ngoi ra, bn cn c th ty chnh v cch hin th ca cc nt lnh trn thanh cng c. mc
Editor Appearance, bn chn vo cc trng thay i Toolbar location- v tr hin th thanh
cng c, Button Alignment- canh chnh cc nt lnh v nh du chn vo Enable resizing
button kch hot tnh nng thay i kch thc nt lnh. Khi xong, bn bm Save.


kim tra kt qu ci t, bn bm Add content ri chn Text Format dng Full HTML
trang hin ra. Nu xut hin thanh cng c bn di ch Body th bn ci t v thit lp
thnh cng.


8. T chc ni dung v to thm kiu ni dung mi
Module Taxonomy l mt cng c mnh m cho php ngi qun tr web t chc, phn
loi ni dung. Module ny c tch hp sn vo nhn ca Drupal 7 v kch hot trong
qu trnh ci t. Trc khi s dng Taxonomy, bn cn ci t thm module Taxonomy Menu
(module gip cho vic s dng Taxonomy thun tin hn) bng cch vo a ch
http://drupal.org/project/taxonomy_menu, ri ti v v gii nn vo th mc modules trong th
mc info/sites/all, kch hot s dng modules.
khai thc tnh nng ca Taxonomy, bn bm vo menu Structure trn thanh cng c
qun tr, ri bm Taxonomy trong trang hin ra.


i vi Taxonomy, bn cn quan tm n hai i tng Vocabulary v Term. C th hiu,
Vocabulary l nhm chuyn mc v Term l chuyn mc con thuc mt nhm chuyn mc
no . V d: bn cn to cc nhm chuyn mc: Phn mm, Thit b s. Cc chuyn mc con
thuc Phn mm l: Vn phng, H thng, Bo mt, ha, Internet; v thuc Thit b s l:
Laptop, Desktop, Tablet, Camera. Dng cy th mc:
- Phn mm
- Vn phng
- H thng
- Bo mt
- ha
- Internet
- Thit b s
- Laptop
- Desktop
- Tablet
- Camera
Khi , bn bm Add vocabulary tin hnh khai bo nhm chuyn mc. Trong trang
hin ra, bn nhp Name- tn nhm chuyn mc (v d: phanmem), Description- ch thch,
chn Main menu mc Menu location, bm Save. Thc hin tng t cho cc nhm chuyn
mc cn li.


Bn tr li trang qun l nhm chuyn mc (Vocabulary), bm vo lin kt add terms to
chuyn mc con. Tip theo, bn nhp vo cc Name- tn chuyn mc (v d: Vn phng),
Description- ch thch, URL alias- a ch lin kt o do bn t quy nh (Drupal cng to
mt a ch lin kt khc). Ring i vi mc Relations, bn chn chuyn mc chnh (root)
hoc chuyn mc con thuc chuyn mc chnh (nu c) ti Parent terms, th t sp xp ti
Weight, bm Save. Thc hin tng t cho ton b cc chuyn mc con cn li.

Khi to xong cc nhm chuyn mc th bn cn phi to thm kiu ni dung mi tng ng
vi cc nhm chuyn mc . Bi v, kiu ni dung Article s to ra cc Tags v khng ph
thuc vo cc nhm chuyn mc to. thc hin, bn vo menu Structure, bm Content
types ri bm Add content type.


Trong trang Content types, bn in cc thng tin: Name- tn ni dung (v d: phanmem),
Description- ch thch v gi mc nh cc thit lp bn di, ri bm Save and add fields.
Tip theo, th Manage Fields c hai trng Title v Body c cung cp sn, bn cn thm
vo cc trng mi nh tagpm, imagepm. Bn thc hin: nhp tagpm vo Add new field, th
t ct Weight, tn trng ct Name (v d: tagpm, c dng field_tagpm), chn Term
reference ct Field, chn Check boxes/ratio buttons ct Widget, bm Save.

th Field settings, bn chn nhm chuyn mc ti mc Vocabulary, bm Save field settings.
n th Edit, bn nhp tn trng vo Label (v d: Phn mm), nh du chn vo
Required field, nhp vi gi vo khung Help text. Nu khng mun khch truy cp website
nhn thy cc chuyn mc cui bi vit th bn cn Nn n i, bng cch tr v khung qun l
Content type, bm manage display kiu ni dung mun thay i. ct Format ca trng
Field, bn chn Hidden ri bm Save.


By gi, bn c th kim tra s hin th ca cc chuyn mc khung vit bi, bm Add content
ri chn kiu ni dung cn vit bi.

Sau khi phn loi ni dung v to kiu ni dung mi, bn c th to ra menu gip cho
khch truy cp nh hng c ni dung trn website.

9. Qun l bi vit v bnh lun
Tnh nng Content gip cho ngi qun tr qun l ni dung trn website (qun l bi
vit, qun l bnh lun). s dng tnh nng ny, bn bm vo menu Content trn thanh qun
tr h thng. Th Content cung cp ba khung: di cng l danh sch cc bi vit (gm c
tn, kiu ni dung, tc gi, tnh trng, cp nht), khung Show only items where l mt b lc
gip tm kim nhanh bi vit (theo hai kiu lc: Status- tnh trng bi vit, Type- kiu ni
dung) v khung Updates Options.


Ring i vi khung Update Options, bn c th cp nht cho hng lot bi vit vi cc ni
dung cp nht nh Update URL alias- cp nht a ch lin kt mi (khi ci t xong
module Pathauto- s c gii thiu phn sau), Publish select ed content- ng bi vit,
Unpublish selected content- khng ng bi vit, Delete selected content- xa cc bi vit
chn,
Th Comment gip qun l ni dung bnh lun ca cc thnh vin gi n. Nu ngi qun tr thit lp
ch kim duyt ni dung bnh lun i vi thnh vin (b ty chn Skip comment approval i vi nhm
Authenticated user) th cc kin gi n s nm trong mc Unapproved comments. ng ti cc kin
bnh lun, bn nh du chn vo pha trc kin v chn ni dung cp nht Publish the selected
comments, bm Update.


Phn 5:
Qun l cc kiu ni dung: din n, blog v cp nht t ng tin RSS t website khc
Nh gii thiu, Drupal 7 l mt h thng qun tr ni dung rt mnh m, khng nhng to ra v qun
l mt website tin tc m cn to ra c din n trao i tho lun, nhng trang blog c nhn. ng thi,
Drupal 7 c mt tnh nng gip cho ni dung website ca bn lun mi nh vo vic cp nht tin RSS t cc
website khc.

10. To v qun l din n

Mc nh, module Forum khng c kch hot trong qu trnh ci t nn to din n bn cn vo
menu Module ri tm n mc Forum trong nhn (Core) ca Drupal 7. Sau khi nh du chn v bm Save
Configuration, bn bm vo menu Structure > bm Forum bt u to chuyn mc cho din n.


Trong trang mi hin ra, bn c cung cp hai tnh nng Add container v Add forum; cng vi nhm chuyn
mc mc nh General discussion. Bn c th bm edit forum chnh sa nhm chuyn mc ny li cho ph
hp.

u tin, bn bm Add container thm vo nhm chuyn mc: Container name- tn nhm chuyn mc,
Description- ch thch ngn gn v chuyn mc, Parent- chn chuyn mc trc thuc (chn root nu l nhm
chuyn mc gc), Weight- chn th t sp xp trn din n (nu gi nguyn th Drupal s sp xp theo th t
ca bng ch ci). Bn thc hin tng t cho cc nhm chuyn mc khc.


i vi tnh nng to chuyn mc Add forum, bn cng in cc thng tin tng t nh tnh nng to nhm
chuyn mc Add container. Nhng mc Parent, bn cn chn nhm chuyn mc cha chuyn mc ang to.
Khi xong, bn tr li trang qun l nhm chuyn mc, chuyn mc xem, chnh sa v iu chnh th t ca
chng nu cn.

Ngoi ra, th Settings cung cp cho ngi qun tr din dn cc ty chn:
- Hot topic threshold: chn s lng bi tr li nh gi mt ch l hay (hot). V d, bn chn s 20 th
din n xp ch ang tho lun vo nhm hot khi t mc 20 bi tr li.
- Topic per page: S lng ch hin th trn mi trang.
- Default order: La chn ch hin th ch .


Khi xong, bn bm Save configuration hon tt. By gi, bn c th vo din n bng cch tr li trang ch
bm vo lin kt Forums trn khung tnh nng Navigation hoc truy cp trc tip t a ch
http://localhost/news/forum.

thm vo ch mi cho din n, bn c th bm Add new Forum topic hoc bm vo kiu ni dung
Forum topic trong tnh nng Add content.

12. To v qun l trang tin c nhn Blog

Vi tnh nng to Blog, ngi qun tr website va vt v trong vic xy dng ni dung, va gn gi
v trao i nhiu hn vi nhiu thnh vin, cc thnh vin c th trao i v chia s vi nhau. kch hot tnh
nng ny, bn vo menu Module ri nh du chn vo Blog v bm Save configuration.


Sau khi kch hot tnh nng, bn cn phi thit lp cp php cho cc nhm thnh vin. thc hin, bn
vo menu People ri chn th Permissions, ko thanh cun v tm n mc Node. Trong danh sch Blog entry,
bn c th cp quyn sau y cho hai nhm Anonymous user, Authenticated user: Create new content- to ni
dung mi, Edit own content- chnh sa ni dung to, Edit any content- chnh sa ni dung ca thnh vin
khc, Delete own content- xa ni dung ca mnh, Delete any content- xa ni dung ca ngi khc. Khi xong
bm Save permissions.

i vi thnh vin, sau khi ng k v c qun tr website kch hot ti khon th thnh vin c th vit bi
cho Blog c nhn ca mnh, bng cch bm Add content trn khung Navigation.


13. Cp nht tin RSS t cc website khc v website Drupal 7

y c l l mt tnh nng m ngi qun tr website rt mong i, bi v n gip cho ni dung ca
website lun mi vi cc tin tc c cp nht thng xuyn t website cung cp RSS (Rich Site Summary)
ng thi gip h vt v hn trong vic xy dng ni dung. Tnh nng Aggregator c tch hp sn vo
nhn ca Drupal 7, h tr cc nh dng tp tin RSS feed, RDF feed v Atom feed. Tuy nhin, bn cn phi
kch hot module Aggregator trong menu Module mi c th khai thc tnh nng cp nht tin RSS. Vic kch
hot module cng thc hin tng t nh module Blog.


Sau khi kch hot xong, bn cn cp quyn xem cho hai nhm ngi dng web: Anonymous user,
Authenticated user. Trong th Permission ca module People, bn nh du chn vo hai tng ng vi hai
nhm ny dng View new feeds. lin kt Configure cn c mt s thit lp lin quan nh: Number of items
shown in listing pages- s mc c hin th trong danh sch trang, Discard items older than- thi gian tn ti
ca cc tin RSS trn website, Length of trimmed description- s k t cho php i vi phn ni dung tin,Khi
xong, bn bm Save configuration lu li cc thit lp.

Tip theo, bn vo menu Configuration ri tm n khung Web services v bm vo lin kt Feed aggregator.
Bn cn tm website cung cp tin RSS theo cc ch mun cp nht, v d nh trang X Hi Thng Tin,
Thng Tin Cng Ngh, ri tm nhm tin mong mun. By gi, bn bm Add category to chuyn mc qun
l cc tin RSS cng ch . trang hin ra, bn nhp vo Title- tiu , Description- ch thch v chuyn
mc, bm Save. minh ha, tc gi bi vit to ra hai chuyn mc l CNTT v Tin tc S kin.


Khi to xong chuyn mc, bn bm Add feed ri nhp vo cc thng tin Title- tiu nhm tin, URL- ng
dn ca ngun tin RSS (v d: http://xahoithongtin.com.vn/home.rss,
http://tonghop24.com/home/index.php?language=vi&nv=news&op=rss), Update interval- thi gian gia hai ln
cp nht, News items in block- chn s lng tin mi c hin th ti khung tin tc trang ch, Categorize
news items- chn chuyn mc (nh du chn vo CNTT hoc Tin tc S kin). Lu , khi to chuyn mc
th Drupal cng to lun nhng khung tnh nng gip hin th cc tin mi ti trang ch, bn cn kch hot cc
khung tin tc ny bng cch vo menu Structure, bm vo lin kt Block ri thc hin nh hng dn mc 4
ca phn 2.



Phn 6:
Qun l thnh vin v cu hnh website Drupal 7.

Lm cho cc thnh phn ca trang web thn thin vi cc cng c tm kim lun l mc tiu hng n ca
ngi qun tr web chuyn nghip v n cng l mt trong nhng phng php hiu qu ca SEO.

Thut ng SEO (vit tt ca Search Engine Optimization) c dng ch tp hp cc phng php nhm
nng cao th hng website trong trang kt qu ca cc cng c tm kim. Bn thn Drupal 7 rt thn thin
vi cc cng c tm kim (theo s nh gi ca cc thnh vin mt s din n l n h tr SEO khong
90%). Do , bn ch cn ti u thm mt s thnh phn l c mt website h tr SEO rt tt.


phn ny, tc gi s gii thiu cch ci t v thit lp cc module gip ch cho vic to ng dn
thn thin, trnh tnh trng trng lp ni dung, to cc th meta (Keyword, Description) v cc phng php
khc.
16. Ci t v thit lp cc module hu ch cho SEO
-Module Meta tags quick
Vi module ny th ngi qun tr website d dng to ra cc th meta keyword (t kha) v
Description (m t). Cc b tm kim ca cc b my Google, Yahoo, rt quan tm n cc th ny, c bit
l Google s u tin cho website s dng th meta description. Module ny gip to ra hai khung nhp liu
ca s son tho ni dung.
s dng, bn vo a ch http://drupal.org/project/metatags_quick bm vo lin kt zip phin bn
7.x-1.9 ti v, ri gii nn vo th mc modules (news/sites/all/modules).


Sau , bn ng nhp vo ti khon qun tr, bm vo menu Modules ko thanh trt n cui trang, nh
du chn vo pha trc Meta tag field, bm Save Configuration.

Khi kch hot xong module th bn cn vo menu Configuration thit lp tnh nng cho module. Trong khung
Search and Metadata, bn bm vo lin kt Meta tags (quick) settings, ri nh du chn vo Use front page
meta tags, nhp t kha vo khung meta_keyword, m t v website vo khung meta_desccription, bm
Submit.


By gi, bn nhp mt ni dung mi s thy hai khung Description, Keyword bn di mc Image. Nu mun
thay i v tr ca hai khung ny th menu Structure, bm Content types, bm manage fields kiu ni dung
cn thay i, nhp li ch s ct Weight.

Lu , i vi Keyword-t kha th bn c th nhp t 2 n 4 t, ngn cch gi cc t kha bng du
phy (,). Cn i vi Description-m t, bn cn nhp ngn gn, chnh xc v l mt cu hon chnh, ch nn
vit khong 160 k t (bao gm khong trng).
- Module Pathauto, Token, Transliteration v Global Redirect
y l cc module gip to ng dn thn thin vi cc b my tm kim (tiu ca bi vit c
hin th ngay trn ng dn, gip cho spider d dng index v bit c ni dung). ng thi, vi module
Global Redirect gip trnh c tnh trng trng lp ni dung (duplicate content, Google khng thch nhng
website c nhiu ng dn vi cng mt ni dung v s pht nng cc website ny), tc l hng cc ng
dn c cng ni dung v cng mt ng dn.
u tin, bn vo a ch ny ti cc module: Pathauto, Token, Transliteration v Global Redirect,
xong gii nn vo th mc modules (news/sites/all/modules).


Tip theo, bn vo menu Modules tin hnh kch hot cc module trn. khung Search and Metadata trong
menu Configuration, bn bm vo lin kt URL aliases. Trong trang hin ra, bn bm chn th Patterns thay
i cc kiu ng dn: khung Content Paths (thit lp a ch URL ca cc kiu ni dung), Taxomony Term
Paths (thit lp a ch URL ca nhm chuyn mc, chuyn mc), User Paths (thit lp a ch URL ca ti
khon ngi dng). Ngoi cc gi tr bin c cung cp mc nh, bn c th tm thy cc bin khc tng
mc trong khung Replacement Patterns. V d, trong Default path pattern ca khung Content Paths, bn thay
c php URL mc nh (content/[node:type]) thnh c php mi nh [node:type].html. Khi xong, bm Save
Configuration.

Th Settings gip thit lp cch thc hin th a ch URL. Bn c th gi mc nh cc thit lp Separator (k t
thay th cc khong trng, du chm cu, du phy hay k t c bit), Change to lower case (bin cc k t in
hoa thnh in thng), Maximum alias length (s k t ti a cho a ch mi). Mt thit lp quan trng khng th
b qua l Transliterate prior to creating alias, n gip loi b du ting Vit trong a ch URL. Bi v, cc URL
c dng du-ting-vit.html s khng thn thin bng URL dau-tieng-viet.html, v mt s trnh duyt c th
khng hin th c dng URL c du. Ngoi ra, bn c th nh du chn vo Reduce strings to letters and
numbers (y l b lc gip gim bt cc k t v con s c trong khung String to remove). Khung Punctuation
gip quy nh cch x l i vi cc k t c bit, cc loi du ngoc, du hai chm, du cng, du bng,,
xong bm Save configuration.


Vn tip theo c t ra l s c s tn ti song song gi hai dng URL, v d:
http://tonghop24.com/node/1 v http://tonghop24.com/content/tieu-de.html c cha cng mt ni dung. Khi ,
module Global Redirect s c tc dng chuyn hng cc URL cha thn thin v a ch c ti u. Sau
khi kch hot module Global Redirect, bm vo lin kt Global Redirect trong khung System (menu
Configuration). Bn gi nguyn cc thit lp mc nh trang hin ra v c th nh du chn vo Enable for
all pages (mc Remore Trailing Zero Argument) iu hng URL dng taxonomy/term/1/0 v dng
taxonomy/term/1, bm Save Configuration.

Ngoi ra, nu khng mun ci t thm module vo h thng th bn c th s dng tp tin robots.txt
chn cc b tm kim qut qua th mc node hoc t son tp tin .htaccess ri ti ln th mc gc ca
website.
- Module Google Analytics
Module ny gip ngi qun tr web phn tch website ca mnh thng qua h thng Google Analytics,
t thy c xu hng ca t kha v tnh hnh lu lng truy cp vo website. Sau khi kch hot, bn vo
menu Module, bm vo lin kt Google Analytics trong khung System. c thng tin in vo khung Web
Property ID, bn cn truy cp vo ti khon Google Analytics v ly thng s c dng UA-xxxxxxxx-y. Nu
cha c ti khon ny th bn hy thit lp module sau khi mua tn min, hosting v a website ln hot ng
trn Internet.


Ngoi cc module hu ch cho vic SEO website Drupal 7 nu trn, khi website i vo hot ng th cn
thc hin thm nhng phng php khc tng nhanh th hng tm kim.


Phn 8 :
Ci t ngn ng trong Drupal 7 v mt s tri nghim khc.
Nu cha quen thao tc trn website Drupal 7 giao din ting Anh th bn c th chuyn sang giao din ting
Vit thun tin hn cho qu trnh s dng. Drupal 7 khng nhng gip qun tr thay i ngn ng mc nh
trn website m cn c kh nng h tr khch truy cp website t chuyn i ngn ng khi cn thit, tc l bn
c th to ra mt website a ngn ng. Ngoi ra, phn ny cng gii thiu v cch to hiu ng trnh din bi
vit.

17. Ngn ng trn website Drupal 7

- Ci t ting Vit cho website

Trong phn 2 c gii thiu cch ci ngn ng Ting Vit (vit ha giao din Drupal) bng cch chp gi
ngn ng ny (tp tin drupal-7.2.vi.po) vo th mc news\profiles\standard \translations. Nu cha ci t
bc ci t Drupal th bn c th thc hin theo cc bc gi sau.

u tin, bn cn chp gi ngn ng ting Vit vo th mc translations (ti v t a ch
http://localize.drupal.org/translate/downloads) vit ha giao din. Lu , bn thc hin tng t i vi cc
ngn ng khc. Nhng trc khi thit lp s dng ngn ng, bn cn kch hot hai module Content translation
v Locale trong nhn ca Drupal.






Sau khi bm Save configuration, bn vo menu Configuration ri ko thanh trt ca trnh duyt, tm n khung
Regional and Languages, bm vo lin kt Language. Trong trang hin ra, bn bm Add language ri tm gi
ngn ng Vietnamese (Ting Vit) trong khung Language name, bm Add Language.




vit ha giao din v chn lm ngn ng mc nh ca website, bn nh du chn vo hng
Vietnamese v ct Default, bm Save configuration. By gi, bn hy Refresh li trnh duyt xem kt qu.
Theo gii thiu, gi ngn ng ch vit ha c khong 70,64% ngn ng trn giao din (ch yu l i vi
nhn Drupal) nn mt s t v cm t ting Anh khng thay i.





Ngoi ra, th tnh nng Translate trong lin kt Translate imterface gip ngi qun tr web t tay Vit ha giao
din. Bn s dng khung Filter Translatable Strings lc ra nhng t, cm t cha c dch trn h thng
ri bm edit tng nhm, nhp vo khung Vietnamese t (cm t) thay th, bm Save translations.


thc hin tm kim, bn chn mc Search in vi cc la chn Both translated and untranslated strings
(tm tt c nhng chui dch v cha dch), Only translate strings (lc ra nhng chui dch), Only
untranslate strings (lc ra nhng chui cha dch). Ngoi nhng chui cha dch, bn c th dch li nhng
chui dch nu cm thy cc t, cm t c dch cha ph hp.


- Ci t a ngn ng cho website

u tin, bn cn ti module Internationalization (hay i18n) ti a ch http://drupal.org/project/i18n v ti
thm cc module h tr ti a ch ny. Sau , bn chp cc module ny vo th mc news\sites\all\modules
ri tin hnh kch hot (gm cc module: Veriable, Language icon, Language Switcher). Lu , bn cn phi
kch hot hai module Content translation v Locale trong nhn ca Drupal trc khi thc hin. Tip theo, bn
ci t thm cc ngn ng khc tng t nh cch ci t ngn ng ting Vit.


to ty chn ngn ng trong kiu ni dung (Add content), bn cn phi thit lp h tr a ngn ng cho
kiu ni dung . Bn vo menu Structure bm Content types, ri bm Edit kiu ni dung cn thit lp. V d,
vi kiu ni dung Article, bn chn th Edit bm vo mc Publishing options ri chn Enable with translation
ca s bn phi, bm Save content type. Sau ny, khi bin tp ni dung bi vit th s xut hin thm mt mc
ty chn Language trong kiu ni dung ang dng.


Nu website c sn ni dung trc kch hot cc module h tr ngn ng th bn bm Edit chn ngn
ng cho bi vit mc Language sau khi thit lp ch a ngn ng, bi v chng ang trng thi
Language Neutral. By gi, bn cn phi dch bi gc sang cc ngn ng ci t trn website, bng cch
bm nt Translate tng bi vit. Trong trang hin ra, bn bm Add translation tng ngn ng ri tin hnh
dch ni dung bi vit, bm Save.



n y website h tr nhiu ngn ng nhng bn cn to b chn ngn ng trn bi vit (hoc ti trang
ch) ngi xem chuyn i qua li gia cc ngn ng. Khi , module Language Switcher s pht huy cng
dng ca n, l to b chn ngn ng. thit lp kiu hin th cho b chn ngn ng, bn vo menu
Configuration, bm vo lin kt Language, chn th Language Switcher. Khung Content selection mode c ba
la chn: Only current language (hin th ni dung theo ngn ng ang dng), Selected languages from
language block (chn xem bi vit theo ngn ng trong khung trn trang ch), All content. No language
conditions apply (hin th tt c ni dung, khng p dng iu kin ngn ng).


Khi xong, bn hy thot khi ti khon qun tr v xem kt qu thc hin ca mnh.

18. To hiu ng trnh din bi vit

Ti trang ch ca XHTT Online (http://xahoithongtin.com.vn) c mt khung hin th ba bi vit mi nht
theo kiu trnh din nh. Chng ta c th to cho website ca mnh mt khung vi hiu ng trnh din tng t,
bng module Views Slideshow.

*Chun b v kch hot cc module

Bn cn ti cc module: Views, Views Slideshow, Chaos tool suite, Link Field, Token, c th ti ti trang ch
Drupal hoc ti a ch ny. Sau khi ti v, bn gii nn cc module vo th mc news\sites\all\modules, ri tin
hnh kch hot tt c cc module ny.

*Cc bc thit lp

- To b nh m lu hnh nh

Trc tin, bn cn to hai dng hin th hnh nh trong khung trnh din: kiu nh ln (fullsize) v kiu
thu nh (thumbsize). Trong phn hng dn ny, tc gi s dng kiu nh ln (nh trt) c kch thc
400280, kiu nh thu nh c kch thc 16080. Ty theo yu cu thit k, bn c th t quy nh kch thc
ca hai kiu nh ny.



thc hin, bn vo menu Configuration, tm khung Media, bm vo lin kt Image Style. Bn bm
Add Style ri nhp ch fullzize vo Style name, bm Create new style. Trong khung Effect, bn chn Resize
ri bm nt Add, nhp hai kch thc vo Width, Height (Width: 400, Height: 280). Thc hin tng t i vi
kiu nh thu nh thumbsize.

- To kiu ni dung mi

to kiu ni dung, bn bm Add content types, c th t tn vo Name l Article Slider, nhp ni
dung vo Description v gia nguyn cc ty chn khc. Ring mc Publishing options, bn ch gi ty
chn Published v b du chn Promoted to front page. Khi xong, bn bm Save and add fields.


Tip theo, bn thm vo cc trng mi:

+ Image field: Label (nhp vo Slider Image), field_(nhp vo slider_image), khung Type of data to
store (chn Image), bm Save, bm Save field settings. n bc thit lp kiu ni dung Article Slider, bn
nhp vo Label- tn ca mc hnh nh trong kiu ni dung, Help text- phn vn bn gi , Allow file extensions-
cc nh dng nh cho php, Maximum image resolution- kch thc nh ti a c php ti ln, Minimum
image resolution- kch thc nh ti thiu c php ti ln, Maximum upload size- dung lng tp tin nh ti
a c ti ln, bm Save settings.


+ Link field: Label (nhp vo Slider Link), field_(nhp vo slider_link), khung Type of data to store
(chn Link), bm Save, bm Save field settings. Sau , bn cn thit lp v kiu hin th mc Slider Link trong
kiu ni dung Article Slider ri bm bm Save settings.


th Manage Fields, bn bm Show row weights thay i th t sp xp ca cc trng trong kiu ni
dung Article Slider. Lu , bn c th xem li cch to kiu ni dung mi mc 8 phn 4 ca lot bi vit ny.

- To bi vit cho kiu ni dung Article Slider

Sau khi to xong kiu ni dung Article Slider, bn cn to khong 4 bi vit lm minh ha cho
phn trnh din bi vit. Vic vit bi cng thc hin tng t nh cc kiu ni dung khc, tc l bm Ad
content, bm vo lin kt Article Slider, nhp vo tiu bi vit, chn nh i din Article Image,

- To kiu hin th mi

to kiu hin th mi, bn vo menu Structure, bm vo lin kt Views, bm Add new view. Bn
nhp vo View name tn kiu hin th (v d Article Slider), chn Content khung Show, chn Article Slider
khung of type. Bn b du chn Create a page, ri nh du chn vo Create a block, chn Slideshow
trng Display Format, chn fields trng of, bm Continue & edit.


Trong khung Display, bn bm nt Add mc Fields, chn Content trng Filter lc ra cc ni dung, ri
tm n Content Slider Link, bm Add and configure fields. trang tip theo, bn b du chn Create a
label, nh du chn vo Exclude from display, bm Apply (all displays).



Thc hin tng t i vi Content Slider Image nhng khng nh du chn vo Exclude from display v
bn cn thit lp thm mt s ty chn khc: Fomatter (chn Image), Image style (chn kiu hnh nh fullsize),
Link image to (chn Nothing), nh du chn vo Output this field as a link khung Rewrite results (nhp vo
Link path c php [field_slider_link]), bm Apply (all displays).



Bn thc hin thm mt ln na cc thao tc trn i vi dng hnh nh thu nh (thumbsize), tc l n bc
Image style chn thumbsize nhng bn cn nh du chn vo Exclude from display . Trc khi thit lp
kiu trnh din, bn cn ti v gi tp tin to hiu ng jQuery Cycle Plugin ti a ch
http://malsup.com/jquery/cycle/. Sau khi ti v, bn tin hnh gii nn vo th mc libraries
(news\sites\all\libraries\), ri to mt th mc con trong th mc ny (tn l jquery.cycle), sao chp tp tin
jquery.cycle.all.min.js vo th mc con va to. Tr li khung Display ca s qun tr, bn bm Settings
mc Formats.


Trong hp thoi hin ra, bn cn thit lp cc mc: List type (chn Unordered list), Effect (chn fade), Action
(chn Pause on hover), Widgets (c th chn cc ty chn trong Top widgets hoc Bottom widgets). Nu chn
Paper mc Bottom widgets th bn thm cc ty chn khc: Paper type (chn Fields), Paper fields (chn
Content Slider Image v Activate Slide and Pause on Pager Hover), bm Apply (all displays).

- Kch hot v thit lp cho block View: Article Slider

n y, bn c c khung trnh din bi vit v ch cn t vo mt khung tnh nng trn website
(c th xem li mc 4 phn 3). Sau khi kch hot xong, bn bm configuration ca block View: Article Slider
ri nhp <none> vo Block Title khng hin th tiu ca khung tnh nng, bm Save block.


Ngoi ra, bn c th t to ring mt khung tnh nng cho Article Slider bng cch chnh sa tp tin c
phn m rng .info v tp tin page.tpl.php ca giao din ang dng.



Phn 9 :
a website Drupal 7 t localhost ln hosting v hot ng trn Internet.
Sau khi bn hon chnh thit k website Drupal 7 th cng on cui cng l ra mt sn phm ca mnh trn
Internet. Bn cn chun b hai yu t quan trng l hosting v tn min. Phn ny s gii thiu n cc bn
cch s dng hosting, tn min min ph v c ph, hng dn a website t localhost ln hosting.


19. ng k v s dng tn min, hosting

- ng k v s dng tn min min ph dot.tk

Dot.tk l mt trang web cho php ng k mt tn min min ph khng gii hn thi gian ch cn iu
kin l trong vng 3 thng phi c t nht 25 ngi xem trang web ca bn. Tn website ng k trn tn min
trn dot.tk c dng abc.tk, mt ci tn website rt n tng i vi mt tn min min ph.


u tin, bn truy cp vo trang web http://www.dot.tk v bm Choose language, chn Ting Vit trong
danh sch x xung, bm chn dng ch Min web sau in tn trang web ca bn vo trng pha sau t
http://www, bm vo nt tip. Nu tn trang web bn mun ng k tn ti th bn t li mt tn mi v
bm nt tip. Cn nu nh tn cha c ai ng k th bn s tip tc ng k trong ca s tip theo.

Nu mun ng k tn min min ph th nh du chn trc dng ch Min min ph hoc chn Min
tr ph nu mun mua tn min. Trong ca s tip theo, bn bm vo nt Dng DNS cho tn min ny, nh
du chn vo mc Dng DNS server ca bn, in vo cp DNS do ni qun l hosting cung cp, ri in a
ch email v nhp chui k t trong hnh xc nhn. Sau bm chn vo nt Tip.


Tip theo, bn cn ng k mt ti khon trn Dot TK c th thit lp cho tn min bng cch nhp
vo tn v mt khu trong ca s tip theo.

khi ng k xong, bn nhn c mt th thng bo yu cu kch hot ti khon, ri nhp m xc nhn
khi bm vo ng dn trong th. Sau , bn c th ng nhp vo ti khon Dot TK ca mnh bng email v
mt khu ng k. Trong ca s qun l tn min ca Dot TK, bn bm nt Modify thay i thng tin
DNS hay Domain Forwarding (chuyn hng n website khc).


- S dng tn min c ph


Khi ng k tn min cc nh cung cp tn min th bn c cung cp mt ti khon qun l tn
min. s dng tn min, bn cn s dng Username v Password ng nhp vo ca s qun l tn
min.

u tin, bn bm vo menu Domains chn List All Orders, ri bm vo tn min cn thay i thng tin trong
danh sch hin ra. Trong trang tip theo, bn bm vo lin kt Name Server ca th Domain. Ti y, bn thay
i Name Server (a ch DNS ca my ch) ti Name Server 1, Name Server 2, n Name Server x, bm
Submit. Ngoi ra, bn c th thay i thng tin ngi qun l tn min lin kt Contact Details, to ra tn
min con lin kt Child Name Servers,


Lu , ca s qun l tn min ca cc nh cung cp c th khc nhau nhng v cc bc s dng s
gn ging vi phn hng dn trn.

- ng k v s dng hosting

Hin nay, c rt nhiu dch v cung cp hosting min ph nh byethost.com, www.000webhost.com,
zymic.com, summerhost.info, Bn c th tham kho bi vit hng dn ng k v s dng hosting ca
Byehost ti XHTT Online; v tm thy mt s dch v khc ti a ch ny.


V cch qun l hosting th khng c s khc bit nhiu hai trnh qun l thng dng l cPanel v
Direct Admin, nn tc gi s gii thiu cch s dng hosting trn trnh qun l cPanel. u tin, bn dng ti
khon c cung cp ng nhp vo ca s qun l. khung Stats hin th cc thng tin v tn min, dung
lng v bng thng s dng, s lng c s d liu, phin bn ang dng ca cc trnh qun l my
ch, chun b a website ln hosting, bn cn to mi c s d liu trn phpMyAdmin ca hosting
(tng t nh to c s d liu trn localhost phn 1). Bn tm n khung Databases, bm vo lin kt
MySQL Databases.

trang hin ra, bn nhp vo Username, Password, Password (Again) mc MySQL Users to mt ti
khon ng nhp phpMyAdmin, khi xong bm Create User (gi hai thng s ny l Database user v Database
password). Sau , bn cn to mt c s d liu mi bng cch nhp tn c s d liu vo New Database
(khung Create New Database), bm Create Database (gi thng s to ra l Database name). Tip theo, bn
bm nt Add mc Add User to Database gn c s d liu vo ti khon phpMyAdmin, ri nh du chn
vo All Privileges v bm Make Changes trang MySQL Account Maintenance.


By gi, bn bm vo nt Home tr v giao din chnh ca trnh qun l, ri bm vo lin kt phpMyAdmin.
Trong ca s phpMyAdmin, bn s thy tn c s d liu rng to, bm chn tn c s d liu, ri bm nt
Import nhp c s d liu t localhost. Trong khung File to import, bn bm nt Browse ri duyt n tp tin
c s d liu (c xut ra t phpMyAdmin ca localhost, c trnh by mc sau), bm Go.

20. a website Drupal ln hosting

Bn cn chun b mt phn mm ti tp tin ln hosting theo giao thc FTP, v d nh phn mm min
ph FileZilla FTP Client, c th ti ti trang ch: http://filezilla-project.org/. Sau khi ci t phn mm, bn thc
hin theo cc bc sau c ton b website to trn localhost ln hosting.

- Xut c s d liu

u tin, bn vo phpMyAdmin ca localhost bng trnh duyt Mozilla Firefox
(http://localhost/phpmyadmin/). Trong trng Database bn tri, bn chn tn c s d liu lc ci t Drupal
7, v d l drupal. Mt danh sch gm nhiu bng c s d liu hin ra, ko thanh trt bn phi xung n
cui trang ri bm vo ch Check All. Khi xong, tr v u trang ri bm nt Export ri kim tra trong khung
View dump (schema) of database mc SQL c nh du chn hay cha, cc mc cn li gi mc nh.
Ring i vi khung Save as file, bn t tn cho tp tin c s d liu vo File name template, ri nh du
chn vo gzipped mc Compression, bm nt Go.




- Nhp c s d liu

Bn ng nhp vo phpMyAdmin trn hosting, ri thc hin nhp c s d liu nh hng dn phn
s dng hosting.

- Ti m ngun ln hosting

Khi ng phn mm FileZilla FTP Client ri nhp cc thng s c cung cp t lc ng k
hosting: Host (a ch ca my ch, chng hn 72.88.xxx.xxx), Usename (tn ng nhp thng s database
user), Password (mt khu thng s database password), Port (nhp vo s 21), bm Quickconnect. khung
Local site, bn duyt n th mc gc ca website, bn cnh cng phi duyt n th mc public_html ca
tn min (hoc htdocs mt s hosting khc), chn tt c th mc con v tp tin ca website drupal ri bm
chut phi chn Upload.


- Kt ni m ngun vi c s d liu


kt ni gi m ngun ti ln hosting v c s d liu th bn cn thay i thng tin c s d liu
tp tin settings.php (th mc sites/default). Bn cn chun b cc thng s khai vo tp tin ny: database
(thng s database name), username (thng s database user), password (thng s database password).
Trong tp tin settings.php, bn tm n dng:
$databases = array (
'default' =>
array (
'default' =>
array (
'database' => 'drupal',
'username' => 'xxxxxxx_yyy',
'password' => '********',
'host' => 'localhost',
'port' => '',
'driver' => 'mysql',
'prefix' => '',
),
),
);
Lu , bn s dng phn mm FileZile FTP Client ti tp tin trn v my ri chnh sa bng Notepad,
ti ln v ghi tp tin c.

Bn c th tham kho website do tc gi to bng m ngun Drupal 7 ti a ch: http://tonghop24.com.


Tri qua 9 bi vit ca chuyn Thit k website ng vi m ngun Drupal 7, tc gi trnh by
kh chi tit nhng kin thc c bn v m ngun Drupal 7 gip cho cc bn khng chuyn thit k mt
website ng d nh chi. Do chuyn c trnh by gc khng chuyn nn chc chn cn nhiu
thiu st, tc gi rt mong s gp v chia s chn tnh ca tt c cc bn am m m ngun Drupal 7, c
bit l nhng bc n anh v xy dng v thit k website bng Drupal.


Khai thc m ngun Drupal nh l mt b truyn khng c hi kt, khng th trnh by ht tt c mi
th v Drupal trong khun kh ca mt chuyn , nn tc gi s sm gp li cc bn trong mt mng chuyn
khc v Drupal, ng thi hi vng mi ngi chia s nhng kinh nghim qu bu v thit k website bng
m ngun Drupal 7.