Lesson 01

10-May-13
1
TRNG CAO NG NGH CNTT iSPACE Website: http://www.ispace.edu.vn TRNG CAO NG NGH CNTT iSPACE Website: ht tp://www.ispace.edu.vn
@Email: fit@ispace.edu.vn
http://fit.ispace.edu.vn
MN HC: QUN TR MNG LINUX
1
Trng Cao ng Ngh CNTT iSPACE
Khoa Mng V An Ninh Thng Tin
fit@ispace.edu.vn
QUN TR MNG LINUX
Bi 1: GII THIU LINUX
Bi 2: S DNG CC TP LNH
Bi 3: QUN TR TI KHON V TI NGUYN
Bi 4: TO KCH BN QUN TR
Bi 5: S DNG MI TRNG GUI
Bi 1: GII THIU LINUX
Gii thiu HH Linux
Kin trc ca HH Linux
Cu trc h thng tp tin - File System
Ci t HH Linux
ng nhp v ng xut
Cc ch hot ng
Cu hnh mng
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2
Mc tiu
M t c kin trc HH Linux.
Gii thch c cu trc tp tin.
Ci t c HH
iSPACE 4
Gii thiu h iu hnh Linux
Lch s pht trin
Nm 1991 Linus Torvalds bt
u xem xt Minix vi mc
ch nghin cu cch to ra
mt h iu hnh Unix chy
trn my PC vi b vi x l
Intel 80386.
Linux l mt h iu hnh m
v min ph, pht trin trn
mng Internet.
Thut ng Linux c s dng ch nhn ca HDH Linux, tn ny miu t
tng th mt h iu hnh ging Unix (cn c bit n di tn GNU/Linux)
Lch s pht trin
Kernel ca Linux c phn phi di license ca GNU GPL
(General Public License) v m ngun ca n c phn phi t
do.
Nm 2001, phin bn ca Linux kernel l 2.4.2-2, c kh nng
iu khin cc my a b vi x l v rt nhiu cc tnh nng
khc.
Phin bn kernel cui hin nay l 2.6 (2.6.11.3 phn phi ngy
13/03/2005 ti trang Web http://www.kernel.org)
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Cc phin bn h iu hnh linux
CentOS v Fedora Core:
L phin bn linux thnh hnh nht trn th gii, pht hnh bi
cng ty Redhat.
Nm 2003, Redhat Inc u t pht trin dng sn phm Redhat
Enterprise Linux (RHEL) vi mc ch thng mi.
Fedora v CentOS l bn min ph.
Tham kho : http://www.redhat.com
Gii thiu tm lc cc phin bn h iu hnh linux thng dng c s dng
trn th gii hin nay
SuSE Linux:
Made in Germany.
Bn Linux cc k thnh hnh chu u v Bc M.
Tham kho: http://www.suse.com
Debian Linux:
L mt phin bn c s dng thng dng.
Debian c tnh n nh cao.
Tham kho: http://www.debian.org
Ubuntu
L mt phin bn c s dng nhiu ni trn
th gii v Vit Nam
Ubuntu c bo tr bi cng ty Canonical Ltd (s
hu bi Mark Shuttleworth)
Tham kho: http://www.ubuntu.com
Cc phin bn khc:
Whitebox, Knoppix, Slackware, Vietkey Linux
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Kin trc ca h iu hnh Linux
Gm 3 thnh phn chnh: Kernel, Shell v Cc chng trnh ng
dng
Kin trc ca h iu hnh Linux
Kernel:
l chng trnh nhn, chy cc chng trnh v qun l cc
thit b phn cng nh a v my in.
Shell:
cung cp giao din cho ngi s dng, cn c m t nh
mt b bin dch. Shell nhn cc cu lnh t ngi s dng
v gi cc cu lnh cho nhn thc hin.
Cu trc file:
quy nh cch lu tr cc file trn a. File c nhm trong
cc th mc. Mi th mc c th cha file v cc th mc
con khc. Mt s th mc l cc th mc chun do h thng
s dng.
Gii thiu HH Linux
HH Linux c th lm g?
Linux c th thc hin c cc dch v nh HH Windows:
Samba
DHCP
DNS
FTP
Mail
Apache
IP Tables

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Gii thiu HH Linux
c tnh ca Linux:
a nhim
a Ngi dng
S dng b nh Swap
T chc b nh theo trang
Th vin dng chung

Kin trc HH Linux
Cc thnh phn HH Linux
- Kernel
- Shell
- Linux utilities and application programs
Cu trc h thng tp tin
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Gii thiu h thng tp tin (File System):
Cc thnh phn ca FileSystem (Ext2/3)
HH Linux xem file nh l mt inode, th mc l mt file
cha nhng entry.
Khi to mt filesystem, nhng loi khc c to trong
filesystem, gm 3 phn:
Superblock
Inode
Storageblock
Cc thnh phn ca FileSystem (Ext2/3):
Superblock: l cu trc c to ti v tr bt u filesystem.
Lu tr cc thng tin:
Kch thc v cu trc filesystem.
Thi gian cp nht filesystem cui cng.
Thng tin trng thi.
Inode: lu thng tin v tp tin v th mc c to trong
filesystem:
Loi tp tin v quyn hn truy cp.
Ngi s hu tp tin.
Kch thc v s hard link n tp tin.
Ngy v gi chnh sa tp tin ln cui cng.
V tr lu ni dung tp tin trong filesystem.
Cc thnh phn ca FileSystem (Ext2/3):
Storageblock: l vng lu d liu thc s ca tp tin v th
mc. N chia thnh nhng datablock. Mi block cha 1024
k t.
Datablock ca tp tin thng lu inode ca tp tin v ni
dung ca tp tin.
Datablock ca th mc lu danh sch nhng entry gm
inode number, tn tp tin v nhng th mc con.
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Loi tp tin:
D liu: l d liu lu tr trn cc thit b nh a cng, cdrom.
Th mc: cha cc thng tin ca nhng tp tin v th mc con.
Thit b: H thng Linux xem cc thit b nh l cc tp tin. Ra
vo d liu trn cc tp tin ny chnh l ra vo d liu cho thit
b. C 2 loi thit b:
Block device: c gi l Random Access Device nh a
cng.
Character device: keyboard, audio device.
Tp tin lin kt
Lin kt cng (Hard link): lin kt trong cng h thng tp tin
vi hai inode entry tng ng tr n cng mt ni dung vt l
(cng inode number v chng tr n cng d liu).
C php: # ln <source_file> <destination_file>
Lin kt mm (Symbolic link): l mt lin kt khc m khng s
dng inode entry cho vic lin kt.
C php: # ln s <source_file> <destination_file>
Cu trc cy th mc
Cch t chc cy th mc:
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Cu trc cy th mc
Cc th mc c bn trn linux:
/bin: th mc ny cha file chng trnh thc thi (dng nh
phn) v file khi ng ca h thng.
/boot: cc file image ca Kernel dng cho qu trnh khi
ng thng t trong th mc ny.
/dev: th mc ny cha cc file thit b. Trong UNIX v
Linux cc thit b phn cng c xem nh l file. a cng
v cc phn vng cng l cc file nh hda1, hda2,a mm
mang tn fd0
/etc: cha cc file cu hnh ton cc ca h thng. C th c
nhiu th mc con trong th mc ny nhng nhn chung
chng cha cc file script khi ng hay phc v cho mc
ch cu hnh chng trnh trc khi chy.
/mnt: cha cc th mc kt gn tm thi n cc a v
thit b.
iSPACE 23
Ci t HH Linux
Demo
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ng nhp v ng xut
Demo
Cc ch hot ng
Linux c cc mode hot ng sau:
0: shutdown.
1: single mode.
2: multi user without networking.
3: multi user with networking.
4: unused.
5: graphic.
6: reboot.
Cu hnh mng
Thit lp cc thng s c bn:
IP Address
Netmask
Gateway IP Address
Nameserver IP Address
Domain name
Hostname
10-May-13
10
HI - P

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10-May-13

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