What is Plagiarism and

How Can You Avoid It?

http://gladstone.vsb.bc.ca/library/cheating/
Real-Life Examples of Plagiarism
Plagiarism is an issue in the academic
environment and beyond. As the following
real-life examples demonstrate, using
information without crediting its original
source can harm your credibility.
Using Existing Knowledge
Use your own words, your own voice, your own ideas
AND/OR
Paraphrase or quote, and cite
Paraphrase: restate information, giving the
meaning in another form
Quote: to repeat wording exactly using quotes ()
Cite: to give credit to original author of material;
to provide full source information of original
material (author, title, publisher, date, etc.)
http://boydsteachingresources.pbworks.co
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Is it Plagiarism?
You read:

Nineteen percent of full-
time freshmen say they
spend only 1 to 5 hours
per week preparing for
classes


From: Young, Jeffrey R. Homework?
What Homework? Chronicle of Higher
Education, 49 (15).12/6/2002.
You write:

Nineteen percent of
full-time freshmen say
they spend only 1 to 5
hours per week
preparing for classes.

YES! You need to use quotes
and to cite your source
http://www.uwec.edu/markgrjs/plagiarism/Plagiarism.ppt Accessed Oct. 22, 2010
http://boydsteachingresources.pbworks.co
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Is it Plagiarism?
You read:
"Students are studying about one-
third as much as faculty say they
ought to, to do well," said George
D. Kuh, director of the survey and a
professor of higher education at
Indiana University at Bloomington.


From: Young, Jeffrey R. Homework? What Homework?
Chronicle of Higher Education, 49 (15).12/6/2002
You write:
Most students spend
about one-third as
much time studying as
faculty say they should.
Yes! You must credit your
source if you paraphrase text.
http://www.uwec.edu/markgrjs/plagiarism/Plagiarism.ppt Accessed Oct. 22, 2010
http://boydsteachingresources.pbworks.co
m/
Is it Plagiarism?
You read:

"Students are studying about one-
third as much as faculty say they
ought to, to do well," said George
D. Kuh, director of the survey and
a professor of higher education at
Indiana University at
Bloomington.


From: Young, Jeffrey R. Homework? What
Homework? Chronicle of Higher Education, 49
(15).12/6/2002
You write:

According to George D.
Kuh, Indiana University at
Bloomington, students
study about one-third of
the time that is expected
by faculty (Young, 2002).
No. As long as you have
included the Young article
in your reference list, you
have properly cited your
source.
http://www.uwec.edu/markgrjs/plagiarism/Plagiarism.ppt Accessed Oct. 22, 2010
http://boydsteachingresources.pbworks.co
m/
Is it Plagiarism?
You read:

The tip given most consistently by
professors and college officials is
that students should simply do
their homework. The most
commonly prescribed amount is at
least two hours of class preparation
for every hour spent in the
classroom

From: Young, Jeffrey R. Homework? What
Homework? Chronicle of Higher Education, 49
(15).12/6/2002
You write:

College students should
do their homework.

No. Commonly known facts or
ideas do not have to be cited.
(Can you find this information
in at least five sources?)
http://www.uwec.edu/markgrjs/plagiarism/Plagiarism.ppt Accessed Oct. 22, 2010
http://boydsteachingresources.pbworks.co
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Is it Plagiarism?
Yes! You need to credit the
source of images and other
media as well as text.
Gray wolf (Canis lupus).

Jeff Lepore/Photo Researchers
Wolf. Encyclopdia Britannica. Retrieved March 31,
2004, from Encyclopdia Britannica Online.
<http://search.eb.com/eb/article?eu=79400>
Should we or
shouldnt we protect
the gray wolf?
By Ima Lamb
Eng 110
Apr. 1, 2004
You find:
Your title page:
http://www.uwec.edu/markgrjs/plagiarism/Plagiarism.ppt Accessed Oct. 22, 2010
http://boydsteachingresources.pbworks.co
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Is it Plagiarism?
When in
doubt,
cite it!
http://www.uwec.edu/markgrjs/plagiarism/Plagiarism.ppt Accessed Oct. 22, 2010
What is Plagiarism?

Plagiarism means using anothers work
without giving them credit and
saying that it is your own


Plagiarism is
misrepresenting the ideas, expression of
ideas or work of others as one's own. It
includes reproducing or paraphrasing
portions of someone else's published or
unpublished material, regardless of the
source, and representing these as one's own
thinking by not acknowledging the
appropriate source or by the failure to use
appropriate quotation marks.

Examples of Plagiarism
Copying and pasting text from online
encyclopedias

Copying and pasting text from any web site

Using photographs, video or audio without
permission or acknowledgement

Using another students or your parents work
and claiming it as your own even with
permission

Using your own work without properly citing
it!
More Examples of Plagiarism
Quoting a source without using
quotation marks-even if you do cite it

Citing sources you didnt use

Getting a research paper, story, poem,
or article off the Internet

Turning in the same paper for more than
one class without the permission of both
teachers (this is called self-plagiarism)

Can you think of more?
How to Avoid Plagiarism
Use your own words and ideas

Always give credit to the source where you have
received your information

If you use someones exact words - put them in
quotes and give credit using in-text citations.
Include the source in your references

How to Avoid Plagiarism
If you have paraphrased someones
work, (summarizing a passage or
rearranging the order of a sentence
and changing some of the words)-
always give credit

Take very good notes--write down
the source as you are taking notes.
Do not wait until later to try and
retrieve the original source

Avoid using someone elses work
with minor cosmetic changes

How to avoid plagiarism

Cite your sources

Learn to quote and paraphrase your sources
properly

Draw from many sources

Map out your argument and then bring in
sources to support it

Getting Started
What is a reference list?
A reference list at the end of a paper
provides the full information
necessary to identify and retrieve
each source. It cites works that
specifically support a particular article.
References should be alphabetically
listed by authors last name at the
end of the paper or presentation.

A bibliography?
A bibliography cites works for
background or for further reading.

Getting Started
What is a Citation?
References and citations in text are the formal
methods of acknowledging the use of a
creators work.

An In-Text Citation?
Direct citations and quotations are
acknowledged in the body of a research
assignment. (Right in the sentence or
paragraph)
What do I need to cite?
You should always provide references for
Direct quotations
Summaries, paraphrases
Statistics
Charts, graphs, diagrams
Controversial interpretations
Results of others research

What dont I need to cite?
You dont need to provide references for
Common knowledge or factsNOTE: this
does not mean you can copy from texts word-
for-word.
Your own arguments and original ideas (but
you must ask for permission to use part/all of
previously submitted material)
Write up your own experimental results

What is Common Knowledge or Facts
The same information uncited in at least five other
sources
Information that your readers will already know
Information a person could easily find with general
reference sources (encyclopedia)
General information NOT quoted directly
Sample journal article
The informational and entertainment capabilities of the Web have
increasingly been recognized,both as an advertising medium (Day, Shyi, &
Wang, 2006) and as part of an integrated marketing communication (IMC)
program (Belch & Belch, 2007). Recent research has uncovered synergies
between TV and Web advertising (Chang & Thorson, 2004), explored the
extent of interactivity in Western versus Eastern corporate Web sites (Cho &
Cheon, 2005),and examined the relationship between interactive functions
and Web site rankings (Tse & Chan, 2004). Although these investigations
have greatly enhanced our understanding of how to effectively utilize the
Web as a marketing communications tool,these studies have focused
primarily on adults (e.g.,Geissler , Zinkhan, & Watson, 2006; Jiang, Jones, &
Javie, 2008; Park, Lennon,& Stoel, 2005). Our understanding of how to
customize this medium to more effectively reach children, in contrast, is
limited. Considering that children influence over $600 billion of annual U.S.
household purchases (Piperato, 2005) and represent a substantial and
rapidly growing segment of Internet users, it is imperative to gain a better
understanding of the factors that influence their ability to navigate Web
sites and process information.
Rose, M., Rose, G., Blodgett, J.G. (2009).The effects of interface design and age on
children's information processing of Web sites. [Electronic version]. Psychology &
Marketing, Vol. 26(1): 121.
Can you detect plagiarism?
There's a new class of worker out there: Nearly Autonomous, Not in the Office, doing
Business in their Own Time Staff. Or nanobots, for short. Empowered by their mobile devices
and remote access to the corporate network, nanobots put in long hours, sometimes seven
days a week -- just not at their desks. Different from mobile workers, who usually stay in
close contact with managers, nanobots thrive on their driven natures and on the personal
freedom with which they are entrusted. Found at many levels of an organization, from sales
managers to senior executives, they are self-starting high achievers who produce strong
results with a minimum of supervision. Allowed to find their own equilibrium between work
and private lives, they tend to put work first.
Pauleen, D. & Harmer, B. (2008, Dec. 15). Away from the desk...always. Wall Street Journal Digital
Network. Retrieved Dec. 22, 2008, from
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122911032462702387.html
Is this plagiarism? Compare the original to the paraphrase


Original:
There's a new class of worker out there: Nearly Autonomous, Not in the Office, doing Business in
their Own Time Staff. Or nanobots, for short. Empowered by their mobile devices and remote
access to the corporate network, nanobots put in long hours, sometimes seven days a week -- just
not at their desks. Different from mobile workers, who usually stay in close contact with managers,
nanobots thrive on their driven natures and on the personal freedom with which they are
entrusted. Found at many levels of an organization, from sales managers to senior executives, they
are self-starting high achievers who produce strong results with a minimum of supervision. Allowed
to find their own equilibrium between work and private lives, they tend to put work first.

Paraphrase #1:
Did you know theres a new class of worker out there? Nearly Autonomous, Not
in the Office, doing Business in their Own Time Staffor, more simply, nanobots
(Pauleen and Harmer, 2008). Empowered by their mobile devices and remote
access to the company network, nanobots put in long hours, sometimes seven
days a week -- just not at their desks. Unlike mobile workers, who usually stay in
close contact with managers, nanobots thrive on their driven natures and on
the personal freedom with which they are entrusted, (2008, par.2). Interestingly,
they are high achievers who are self-motivated and produce good results with
little supervision. They are found at many levels of an organization, from sales
managers to senior executives. Allowed to find their own balance between work
and personal lives, they usually put work first (2008).

Pauleen, D. & Harmer, B. (2008, Dec. 15). Away from the desk...always. Wall Street Journal Digital
Network. Retrieved Dec. 22, 2008, from
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122911032462702387.html
Verdict: Plagiarism
The author has included citations, but has
misled the reader to believe that the original
has been paraphrased, while in fact much of
the text is copied word for word.
Words in blue have been copied verbatim from the text by this
writer.

Paraphrase #1:
Did you know theres a new class of worker out there? Nearly
Autonomous, Not in the Office, doing Business in their Own Time
Staffor, more simply, nanobots (Pauleen and Harmer, 2008).
Empowered by their mobile devices and remote access to the
company network, nanobots put in long hours, sometimes seven
days a week -- just not at their desks. Unlike mobile workers, who
usually stay in close contact with managers, nanobots thrive on
their driven natures and on the personal freedom with which they
are entrusted, (2008, par.2). Interestingly, they are high achievers
who are self-motivated and produce good results with little
supervision, They are found at many levels of an organization,
from sales managers to senior executives. Allowed to find their
own balance between work and personal lives, they usually put
work first (2008).
Pauleen, D. & Harmer, B. (2008, Dec. 15). Away from the desk...always. Wall Street Journal Digital Network.
Retrieved Dec. 22, 2008, from http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122911032462702387.html
Verdict: Plagiarism
Paraphrasing
Good paraphrases

1) change the order & structure of sentences


2) use synonyms/different forms of words


3) may change the voice or perspective





Source:
http://www.academicintegrity.uoguelph.ca
/
Paraphrasing
Good paraphrases

1) change the order & structure of sentences




ORIGINAL
Instead of analyzing data with an exploratory factor analysis (where each item is free to
load on each factor) and potentially facing a solution inconsistent with initial theory, a CFA
can give the investigator valuable information regarding the fit of the data to the specific,
theory-derived measurement model (where items load only on the factors they were
designed to measure), and point to the potential weakness of specific items.
PARAPHRASE
If the focus of the investigation is the connection between data and the theoretical model
being used for measurement, a CFA is a better choice than an exploratory factor analysis,
as the CFA is more likely to provide results that show the connection between data and
theory (Mueller & Hancock, 2001).
Source: Mueller RO and Hancock GR. (2001). Factor Analysis and Latent Structure: Confirmatory Factor
Analysis. In N. J. Smelser & P. B. Baltes (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences
(pp. 5239-5244). Oxford, England: Pergamon.
Paraphrasing
Good paraphrases

2) use synonyms/different forms of words



Johnson, C.S., MeLeod, W., Kennedy, L., and McLeod, K. (2008).Osteoporosis Health Beliefs Among
Younger and Older Men and Women [Electronic version]. Health Education & Behavior 35(5)721-733.
ORIGINAL
Optimizing peak bone mass during the early years is thought to be a key
factor in preventing osteoporosis later in life.




PARAPHRASE
To prevent osteoporosis, experts believe it is important to build bone
mass before adulthood (Johnson et al., 2008).


Cite your sources
When adapting or reproducing a table, cite the original
source in the note below the table.
Special Consideration: The INTERNET
Special recognition needs to be given to the Internet as a
source of information. Due to the transient nature of
information on the Internet, a copy (either paper or disk)
should be retained.
WHY???

Internet sites must be examined very carefully for
reliability, as all sources are not authoritative or
trustworthy.
Lack of author or publisher often indicates that the
information should be treated with caution.

The work of other students (e.g. home pages) may be
consulted but should never be a sole source of
information.