Bngtm tt cng thc Ton hc ph thng Trng PTTH Ng Thi Nhim

Gio vin bin son: Trng Hoi Trung 1

TM TT CNG THC TON CP 3
A. I S.
1. Tam thc bc hai.
Gi s
2
( ) 0; , ; ;
|
= + + = e < =
|
\ .
R
b
f x ax bx c a S
a
0
( ) 0
0
>
> e

A s

R
a
f x x
1 2
1 2
0
( ) 0

< < A >

< < >

x x
x x af
0
( ) 0
0
<
s e

A s

R
a
f x x
1 2
( ) 0
( ) 0

<
< < <

<

af
x x
af
l nghim ca ( ) f x ( ) 0 = f 1 2
( ) 0
( ) 0

<
< < <

>

af
x x
af
1 2
( ) 0 < < < x x af
1 2
( ) 0
( ) 0

>
< < <

<

af
x x
af
1 2
0
( ) 0
0
2

A >

< < >

>

x x af
S
1 2
1 2
( ). ( ) 0



< < <
<

< < <

x x
f f
x x
1 2
0
( ) 0
0
2

A >

< < >

<

x x af
S
1 2
0
( ) 0
( ) 0
0
2
0
2

A >

>

< < < >

>

<

af
x x af
S
S
2. Bt ng thc C si:
Vi hai s 0, 0 > > a b th
2
+
>
a b
ab . Du '' '' = xy ra = a b
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Bngtm tt cng thc Ton hc ph thng Trng PTTH Ng Thi Nhim
Gio vin bin son: Trng Hoi Trung 2
3. Phng trnh bt phng trnh cha tr tuyt i
= = A B A B
2 2
< < A B A B
2
0 >
=

=

B
A B
A B
>
>

<

A B
A B
A B
< < < A B B A B
4. Phng trnh bt phng trnh cha cn
, ) 0 0 > >

=

=

A B
A B
A B
2
0
0
>

< >

<

A
A B B
A B
2
0 >
=

=

B
A B
A B
2
0 0
0
> <
> v

> >

B B
A B
A A B
0 >
<

<

A
A B
A B
B. H THC LNG TRONG TAM GIC THNG
.
1. nh l hm s Cosin:
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 cos
2 cos
2 cos
= +
= +
= +
a b c bc A
b a c ac B
c a b ab C
2. nh l hm s Sin:
2
sin sin sin
= = =
a b c
R
A B C
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Bngtm tt cng thc Ton hc ph thng Trng PTTH Ng Thi Nhim
Gio vin bin son: Trng Hoi Trung 3
3. Cng thc tnh din tch tam giac:
1 1 1
2 2 2
= = =
a b c
S ah bh ch
4
=
abc
S
R
1 1 1
sin sin sin
2 2 2
= = = S ab C ac B bc A
, ) , ) , ) = S p p a p b p c
. = S pr
C. H PHNG TRNH I S.
I. PHNG PHP CHUNG
gii mt h phng trnh i s ta thng dng phng php cng hay phng php th. Bn cnh
ta cn c mt s loi h phng trnh c bit.
II. MT S H PHNG TRNHC BIT.
1. H PHNG TRNH BC NHT HAI N
Dng:
1 1 1
2 2 2
(*)
+ =

+ =

a x b y c
a x b y c
Cch gii: Cng thc Crammer
t
1 1
2 2
=
a b
D
a b
;
1 1
2 2
=
x
c b
D
c b
;
1 1
2 2
=
y
a c
D
a c
- Nu 0 = D : h (*) c nghim duy nht

x
y
D
x
D
D
y
D
- Nu 0 = D v 0 =
x
D hay 0 =
y
D : h (*) v nghim.
- Nu 0 = = =
x y
D D D : h (*) c hai trng hp xy ra: hoc v nghim hoc v s nghim.
2. H PHNG TRNHI XNG LOI MT.
Dng:
( , ) 0
(*)
( , ) 0
=

f x y
g x y
trong khi hon v vai tr ca x v y cho nhau, tng phng trnh ca
h khng thay i.
Cch gii:
t
; = + = S x y P xy
Gii tm S, P. Suy ra x, y l nghim ca phng trnh
2
0 + = X SX P
iu kin phng trnh trn c nghim l
2
4 0 A = > S P
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Bngtm tt cng thc Ton hc ph thng Trng PTTH Ng Thi Nhim
Gio vin bin son: Trng Hoi Trung 4
3. H PHNG TRNHI XNG LOI HAI.
Dng:
( , ) 0 (1)
(*)
( , ) 0 (2)
=

f x y
f y x
trong khi hon v vai tr ca x v y cho nhau,th phng
trnh (1) tr thnh phng trnh (2) v ngc li.
Cch gii: C 2 cch
Cch 1:
( , ) ( , ) 0
( , ) 0
=

f x y f y x
f y x
Cch 2:
( , ) ( , ) 0
( , ) ( , ) 0
=

+ =

f x y f y x
f x y f y x
4. H PHNG TRNHNG CP .
Dng: H phng trnh ng cp l h phng trnh m cp ca tt c n thc trong h u
bng nhau.
Cch gii:
- Xt 0 = x , th vo h tm y.
- Xt 0 = x , t = y tx , th vo h tm t, sau suy ra x v y.
D. LNG GIC.
I. CNG THC LNG GIC.
1. Cc cung lin quan c bit
1.1 Hai cung i nhau: ( v - )
cos( ) cos
sin( ) sin
tan( ) tan
cot( ) cot




=
=
=
=
1.3 Hai cung ph nhau: ( v
2

)
sin cos cos sin
2 2
tan cot cot tan
2 2




| |
= =
| |
\ . \ .
| |
= =
| |
\ . \ .
1.2 Hai cung b nhau: ( v )
sin( ) sin
cos( ) cos
tan( ) tan
cot( ) cot




=
=
=
=
1.4 Hai cung hn, km : ( v + )
sin( ) sin
cos( ) cos
tan( ) tan
cot( ) cot




+ =
+ =
+ =
+ =
1.5 Cung hn km
2

:
cos sin ; sin cos ;
2 2
| |
+ = + =
| |
\ . \ .
x x x x
Ghi nh: cos i; sin b; ph cho; hn, km tan, cot .
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Bngtm tt cng thc Ton hc ph thng Trng PTTH Ng Thi Nhim
Gio vin bin son: Trng Hoi Trung 5
2. Cc cng thc lng gic c bn
2 2
sin cos 1 + = - x x
2
2
1
1 tan
cos
= + - x
x
2
2
1
1 cot
sin
= + - x
x
tan .cot 1 = - x x
sin
tan
cos
= -
x
x
x
cos
cot
sin
= -
x
x
x
3. Cng thc cng
sin( ) sin .cos cos .sin
cos( ) cos .cos sin .sin
tan tan
tan( )
1 tan . tan
=
=

=
)
)
a b a b a b
a b a b a b
a b
a b
a b
4. Cng thc nhn
4.1 Cng thc nhn i
2 2 2 2
2
sin 2 2sin cos
cos 2 cos sin 2cos 1 1 2sin
2t ana
t an2
1 tan
=
= = =
=

a a a
a a a a a
a
a
4.2 Cng thc nhn ba
3
3
3
2
sin3 3sin 4sin
cos3 4cos 3cos
3tan tan
t an3
1 3tan
=
=

a a a
a a a
a a
a
a
5. Cng thc h bc
2 2
3 3
1 cos 2 1 cos 2
sin cos
2 2
3sin sin3 3cos cos3
sin cos
4 4
+
= =
+
= =
a a
a a
a a a a
a a
6. Cng thc bin i tng thnh tch
cos cos 2cos cos
2 2
cos cos 2sin sin
2 2
sin sin 2sin cos
2 2
sin sin 2cos sin
2 2
+
+ =
+
=
+
+ =
+
=
a b a b
a b
a b a b
a b
a b a b
a b
a b a b
a b
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Bngtm tt cng thc Ton hc ph thng Trng PTTH Ng Thi Nhim
Gio vin bin son: Trng Hoi Trung 6
7. Cng thc bin i tch thnh tng
j
j
j
1
cos .cos cos( ) cos( )
2
1
sin .sin cos( ) cos( )
2
1
sin .cos sin( ) sin( )
2
= + +
= +
= + +
a b a b a b
a b a b a b
a b a b a b
II. PHNG TRNH LNG GIC
DNG 1. PHNG TRNH LNG GIC C BN
Kin thc c bn
2
sin sin
2

= +
=

= +

u v k
u v
u v k
2
cos cos
2

= +
=

= +

u v k
u v
u v k
tan tan 2 = = + u v u v k
cot cot 2 = = + u v u v k
Trng hp c bit:
sin 0 = = u u k cos 0
2

= = + u u k
sin 1 2
2

= = + u u k cos 1 2 = = u u k
sin 1 2
2

= = + u u k cos 1 2 = = + u u k
DNG 2. PHNG TRNH BC HAI I VI MT HM S LNG GIC
Kin thc c bn
Phng trnh bc hai theo mt hm s lng gic l phng trnh c dng:
2
0 + + = at bt c (1) trong t l mt trong cc hm s: sinu; cosu; tanu; cotu.
Cch gii: t t = sinu; cosu; tanu; cotu.
Ch : sin ; cos 1 s u u
DNG 3. PHNG TRNH BC NHT THEO SINu V COSu
Kin thc c bn
Dng : sin cos + = a u b u c (1) trong o
2 2
0 + = a b
iu kin c nghim:
2 2 2
+ > a b c
Cach giai:
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Bngtm tt cng thc Ton hc ph thng Trng PTTH Ng Thi Nhim
Gio vin bin son: Trng Hoi Trung 7
Chia hai v ca PT cho
2 2
+ a b ,
(1)
2 2 2 2 2 2
sin cos + =
+ + +
a b c
u u
a b a b a b
sin .cos cos .sin sin + = u u
sin( ) sin + = u
DNG 4. PHNG TRNH THUN NHT BC HAI THEO SINU V COSU
Kin thc c bn
Dng tng qut:
2 2
sin sin cos cos + + = a u b u u c u d (2)
Cch gii:
B
1
: Xt cos 0 = u . Kim tra
2

= + u k c tha phng trnh (2) khng ?

B
2
: Xt cos 0 = u . Chia 2 v phng trnh (2) cho
2
cos u . Ta c phng trnh mi dng:
2
tan tan 0 + + = a u b u c .
*Ch : Nu phng trnh lng gic c bc cng chn hoc cng l theo
sinu v cosu th ta
cng gii bng phng php trn.
DNG 5. PHNG TRNHI XNG PHN XNG
Dng tng qut:
, ) sin cos sin cos 0 + + = a u u b u u c (3)
Cch gii:
t t =sin cos 2 sin( ) (*)
4

= x x x (iu kin: 2 s t )
2
1
sin cos
2

=
t
x x .
Th vo
(3) ta c phng trnh bc hai theo t.
Mt s cng thc quan trng
sin cos 2 sin 2 cos
4 4
| |
+ = + =
| |
\ . \ .
- u u u u
sin cos 2 sin 2 cos
4 4
| |
= = +
| |
\ . \ .
- u u u u
, )
2
1 sin2 sin cos = - x x x
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Bngtm tt cng thc Ton hc ph thng Trng PTTH Ng Thi Nhim
Gio vin bin son: Trng Hoi Trung 8
E. CNG THC O HM.
1. Quy tc c bn.
, ) c 0 = , )
'
' ' = u v u v
, )
'
. ' ' = + u v u v v u
'
2
' ' |
=
|
\ .
u u v v u
v v
2. Bng cng thc tnh o hm.
, )
'
. = k x k
, )
'
. . ' = k u k u
1
( ) ' .

=
n n
x n x
1
( ) ' . .( ) '

=
n n
u n u u
2
1 1
( ) ' =
x x
2
1 ( ) '
( ) ' =
u
u u
1
( ) '
2
= x
x
'
( ) '
2
=
u
u
u
, )
'
sin cos = x x , ) , )
' '
sin cos . = u u u
, )
'
cos sin = x x , ) , )
' '
cos sin . = u u u
2
2
1
(tan ) ' 1 tan
cos
= + = x x
x
2
2
'
(tan ) ' (1 tan ). '
cos
= + =
u
u u u
u
2
2
1
(cot ) ' (1 cot )
sin
= + = x x
x
2
2
'
(cot ) ' (1 cot ). '
sin
= + =
u
u u u
u
( ) ' =
x x
e e ( ) ' . ' =
u u
e e u
( ) ' .ln =
x x
a a a ( ) ' .ln . ' =
u u
a a a u
1
(ln ) ' = x
x
'
(ln ) ' =
u
u
u
1
(log ) '
.ln
=
a
x
x a
'
(log ) '
.ln
=
a
u
u
u a
*c bit :
-
2
'
( )
+
= =
+ +
a b
c d ax b
y y
cx d cx d
-
1 1 1 1 1 1 2
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
'
( )
+ +
+ +
= =
+ + + +
a b a c b c
x x
a b a c b c a x b x c
y y
a x b x c a x b x c
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Bngtm tt cng thc Ton hc ph thng Trng PTTH Ng Thi Nhim
Gio vin bin son: Trng Hoi Trung 9
F. CNG THC M LOGARIT.
STT CNG THC M
1.
thua so
. ... =
_
n
n
a aa a
2.
1
= a a a
3.
0
1 = a 0 = a
4.
1

=
n
n
a
a
5.
=
m
n m
n
a a
6.
1 1

= =
m
n
m
n m
n
a
a
a
7. .
+
=
m n m n
a a a
8.

=
m
m n
n
a
a
a
9.
.
( ) ( ) = =
m n n m m n
a a a
10. ( . ) . =
n n n
ab a b
11. ( ) =
n
n
n
a a
b b
12. log = =
M
a
a N M N
STT CNG THC LOGARIT
1
log 1 0 =
a
2
log 1 =
a
a
3 log =
M
a
a M
4
log
=
a
N
a N
5
1 2 1 2
log ( . ) log log = +
a a a
N N N N
6
1
1 2
2
log ( ) log log =
a a a
N
N N
N
7 log .log

=
a a
N N
8
2
log 2.log =
a a
N N
9
log log .log =
a a b
N b N
10
log
log
log
=
a
b
a
N
N
b
11
1
log
log
=
a
b
b
a
12
1
log log

=
a
a
N N
13
log c log a
b b
a = c
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Bngtm tt cng thc Ton hc ph thng Trng PTTH Ng Thi Nhim
Gio vin bin son: Trng Hoi Trung 10
G. CNG THC NGUYN HM.
Nguyn hm ca nhng hm s thng
gp
Nguyn hm ca nhng hm s thng
gp
1. = +
}
dx x C
2. = +
}
kdx kx C
3. , )
1
1
1
+
= + =
+
}
n
n
x
x dx C n
n
4. , ) 0 ln
1
= + =
}
x C x dx
x
5.
2
1 1
= +
}
dx C
x x
6.
, )
1
1 1
1

= +

} n n
dx C
x n x
7. = +
}
x x
e dx e C
8. , ) 0 1
ln
= + < =
}
x
x
a
a dx C a
a
9. cos sin = +
}
xdx x C
10. sin cos = +
}
xdx x C
11.
2
2
1
(1 tan ) tan
cos
= + = +
} }
dx x dx x C
x
12.
2
2
1
(1 cot ) cot
sin
= + = +
} }
dx x dx x C
x
13.
1
1 1 1
1

= +

} n n
dx c
x n x
14.
1
2
= +
}
dx x c
x
15.
}
1
f(ax +b)dx = F(ax +b) +C
a
16.
, )
, )
, )
1
1
1
1

+
+
+ = + =
+
}
ax b
ax b dx C
a
17. , )
1 1
ln 0 = + + =
+
}
dx ax b C x
ax b a
18.
1
+ +
= +
}
ax b ax b
e dx e C
a
19. , ) , )
1
cos sin + = + +
}
ax b dx ax b C
a
20. , ) , )
1
sin cos + = + +
}
ax b dx ax b C
a
21.
, )
, )
2
1 1
tan
cos
= + +
+
}
dx ax b C
ax b a
22.
, )
, )
2
1 1
cot
sin
= + +
+
}
dx ax b C
ax b a
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Bngtm tt cng thc Ton hc ph thng Trng PTTH Ng Thi Nhim
Gio vin bin son: Trng Hoi Trung 11
H. PHNG PHP TA TRONG KHNG GIAN.
Cho vect , ) ; ; =
,
u x y z ; , ) '; '; ' =
,
v x y z
v hai im
, ) ; ;
A A A
A x y z ; , ) ; ;
B B B
B x y z .
1. , ) '; '; ' =
, ,
u v x x y y z z
2. , ) . ; ; =
,
k u kx ky kz
3. i eu ki en bang nhau cua hai vect:
'
'
'

=

= =

x x
u v y y
z z
4.
,
u cung phng
,
v
' ' '
= =
x y z
x y z
5.
,
u cung phng
,
v , 0
1
=
]
, , ,
u v
6. Tch v hng ca hai vect: . ' ' ' = + +
, ,
u v xx yy zz
7. odai cua mot vect :
2 2 2
= + +
,
u x y z
8. Vect tao bi 2 iem A, B:
, ) ; ; =
,
B A B A B A
AB x x y y z z
9. odai oan thang AB:
, ) , ) , )
2 2 2
= = + +
,
B A B A B A
AB AB x x y y z z
10. Goc gia hai vect :
2 2 2 2 2 2
. ' ' '
cos
.
. ' ' '

+ +
= =
+ + + +
, ,
, ,
u v xx yy zz
u v
x y z x y z
, )
0
0 180 s s
11. ieu kien vuong goc cua hai vact:
. 0 ' ' ' 0 = + + =
, , , ,
u v u v xx yy zz
12. M l atr ung iem cua oan AB
2
2
2
+
=

+
=

+
=

A B
M
A B
M
A B
M
x x
x
y y
y
z z
z
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Bngtm tt cng thc Ton hc ph thng Trng PTTH Ng Thi Nhim
Gio vin bin son: Trng Hoi Trung 12
13. G l atr ong tam tam giac ABC
1
( )
3
1
( )
3
1
( )
3

= + +

= + +

= + +

G A B C
G A B C
G A B C
x x x x
y y y y
z z z z
14. G l atr ong tam tdien ABCD
1
( )
4
1
( )
4
1
( )
4

= + + +

= + + +

= + + +

G A B C D
G A B C D
G A B C D
x x x x x
y y y y y
z z z z z
15. Tch COHNG cua hai vect:
j , ; ;
' ' ' ' ' '
|
=
|
\ .
, ,
y z z x x y
u v
y z z x x y
16. Tnh chat quan trong :
j ,
, , ,
u v u vaj ,
, , ,
u v v
17. Dien tch tam giac ABC :
1
,
2
A
1
=
]
, ,
ABC
S AB AC
18. Di en tch hnh bnh hanh ABCD: 2 ,
A
1
= =
]
, ,
hbhABCD ABC
S S AB AC
19. Thetch tdien ABCD :
ABCD
1
V AB , AC .AD
6
1
=
]
, , ,
20. Chieu cao AH cua tdien ABCD:
ABCD
3.V
A
=
BCD
AH
S
21. Thetch khoi hop ABCD.A B C D : V [AB,AD ].AA =
, , ,
22. Ba i em A,B,C tao thanh tam giac ,
, ,
AB AC khong cung phng
23. Bon i em A,B,C,D khng ong phang ABCD l atdi en , . 0
1
=
]
, , ,
AB AC AD
24. iu kin ABCD l hnh bnh hnh
=
, ,
AB DC
25. Khoang cach tmot i em en mot mat phang: , )
2 2 2
, ( )
+ + +
=
+ +
o o o
Ax By Cz D
d M
A B C
26. Khoang cach tmot i em en mot ng thang:
0
,
( , )
1
]
=
, ,
+ ,
M M a
d M
a
27. Khoang cach gi a hai ng thang cheo nhau:
, .
( , ')
,
1
]
=
1
]
, , ,
, ,
a b MN
d d d
a b
28. Goc gi a ng thang vamat phang:
.
sin
.
=
, ,
, ,
na
n a
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Bngtm tt cng thc Ton hc ph thng Trng PTTH Ng Thi Nhim
Gio vin bin son: Trng Hoi Trung 13
I. PHNG PHP TA TRONG MT PHNG OXY.
- Din tch tam gic trong mt phng Oxy:
, ) , )
1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1
1
; , ;
2
A
= = =
, ,
ABC
AB a a AC b b S a b a b
1. ng thng.
a. Cc dng phng trnh ng thng:
- Phng trnh tng qut:
, )
2 2
0 0 + + = + > Ax By Cz A B
( Vec t php tuyn , ) ; =
,
n A B , Vec t ch phng
, ) ; =
,
a B A hay , ) ; =
,
a B A )
- Phng trnh tham s: , )
0 1
0 2
= +
e

= +

R
x x a t
t
y y a t
( Vec t ch phng , )
1 2
; =
,
a a a v i qua im , )
0 0
, M x y )
- Phng trnh chnh tc:
0 0
1 2

=
x x y y
a a
- Phng trnh on chn: 1 + =
x y
a b
( i qua hai im , ) , ) ; 0 , 0; A a B b )
b. Gc gia hai ng thng.
Gi
1 2

n v n l hai VTPT ca hai ng thng
1 2
A A v . Khi :
1 2 1 2 1 2
1 2 1 2
2 2 2 2
1 2 1 2
1 2
| . | | |
cos( , ) cos( , )
.
| || |



+
A A = = =
+ +
n n a a bb
n n
a a b b
n n
c. Khong cch t mt im
, ) ;
M M
M x y n mt ng thng A: 0 + + = Ax By C l:
, )
2 2
,
+ +
A =
+
M M
Ax By C
d M
A B
2. ng trn.
Cc dng phng trnh ng trn:
- Dng 1. Phng trnh ng trn (C) c tm
, ) ; I a b v bn knh R l:
, ) , ) , )
2 2
2
: + = C x a y b R
- Dng 2. Phng trnh dng:
2 2
2 2 0 + + = x y ax by c vi iu kin
2 2
0 + > a b c l phng trnh
ng trn (C) c tm
, ) ; I a b v bn knh
2 2
= + R a b c .
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Bngtm tt cng thc Ton hc ph thng Trng PTTH Ng Thi Nhim
Gio vin bin son: Trng Hoi Trung 14
3. Elip.
- Phng trnh chnh tc ca Elip (E):
2 2
2 2
1 + =
x y
a b
, )
2 2 2
; > = a b c a b
- Tiu im: , ) , )
1 2
; 0 , ; 0 F c F c
- nh trc ln :
, ) , )
1 2
; 0 , ; 0 A a A a
- nh trc b:
, ) , )
1 2
0; , 0; B b B b
- Tm sai: 1 = <
c
e
a
- Phng trnh ng chun:
=
a
x
e
- iu kin tip xc ca (E) v : 0 A + + = Ax By C l:
2 2 2 2 2
+ = A a B b C
4. Hypebol.
- Phng trnh chnh tc:
2 2
2 2
1 =
x y
a b
,
2 2 2
= + c a b
- Tiu im
, ) , )
1 2
; 0 , ; 0 F c F c
- nh trn trc thc
, ) , )
1 2
; 0 , ; 0 A a A a .
- Tm sai: =
c
e
a
- Phng trnh ng chun:
=
a
x
e
- iu kin tip xc ca (H) v : 0 A + + = Ax By C l:
2 2 2 2 2
= A a B b C
5. Parabol.
x
y
F
2
F
1
B
2
B
1
A
2
A
1
O
M
y=
b
a
x
y=-
b
a
x
B
1
B
2
A
2
F
2
A
1
F
1
O
y
x
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Bngtm tt cng thc Ton hc ph thng Trng PTTH Ng Thi Nhim
Gio vin bin son: Trng Hoi Trung 15
- Phng trnh chnh tc:
2
2 = y px
-Tiu im ; 0
2
|
|
\ .
p
F
- Phng trnh ng chun
2
=
p
x
- iu kin tip xc ca (P) v
: 0 A + + = Ax By C l:
2
2 = AC B p
B
2
F
2
y
x
O
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Bngtm tt cng thc Ton hc ph thng Trng PTTH Ng Thi Nhim
Gio vin bin son: Trng Hoi Trung 16
J. H NH HOC KHONG GI AN.
I . CAC H NH C BAN
1/ Hnh chop
a/ Hnh chop thng:
b/ Hnh chop eu :
* Hnh chop tam giac eu (Tdien eu)
* Hnh chop tgiac eu
A
Hnh chop tam gi ac S.ABC
(Tdi en S.ABC)
Hnh chop tgi ac S.ABCD
C
C
I
* Tnh chat :
-ay l atam gi ac eu
-Tat cacac canh ben bang nhau
-Tat cacac mat ben l acac tam gi ac can bang nhau
-Chan ng cao trung vi tam mat ay (Tam ay l atrong tam AABC)
-Tat cacac goc tao bi canh ben vamat ay eu bang nhau
-Tat cacac goc tao bi cac mat ben vamat ay eu bang nhau
* Chuy:
-Di en tch A eu :
2
3
4

=
canh
S
-ng cao A eu:
3
2

=
canh
h
*Tnh chat:
-ay l ahnh vuong
-Tat cacac canh ben bang nhau
-Tat cacac mat ben l acac tam gi ac can bang nhau
-Chan ng cao trung vi tam mat ay (Tam ay l agi ao i em 2
ng cheo)
-Tat cacac goc tao bi canh ben vamat ay eu bang nhau
-Tat cacac goc tao bi cac mat ben vamat ay eu bang nhau
* Chuy:
-Di en tch hnh vuong : S=Canh
2
-ng cheo hnh vuong: = canh 2
S
A
B
C
S
B
D
S
A
B
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Bngtm tt cng thc Ton hc ph thng Trng PTTH Ng Thi Nhim
Gio vin bin son: Trng Hoi Trung 17
2/ Hnh lang tr u
I I . CAC PHNG PHAP CHNG MI NH
1/ Phng phap chng minh ng thang vuong goc vi mat phang
Muon chng mi nh ng thang d vuong goc vi mat phang (), ta l am nh sau:
* CACH 1: Chng mi nh ng thang d vuong goc vi HAI ng thang cat nhau nm trong mp()
( )
, ( )

d a
d b d
a b
* CACH 2: Sdung nh l : Neu hai mat phang vuong goc vi nhau th bat k ng thang nao nam trong
mat phang nay vavuong goc vi gi ao tuyen th cung vuong goc vi mat phang ki a
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )

d
d
c
d c
* CACH 3: Sdung nh l : Neu hai mp phan bi et cung vuong goc vi mp th3 th gi ao tuyen cua chung
cung sevuong goc vi mp o .
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )

c
c
2/ Phng phap chng minh 2 ng thang vuong goc
Muon chng mi nh hai ng thang vuong goc ta chng mi nh ng thang nay vuong goc vi mot
mt phng cha ng thang ki a.
( )
( )

d
d a
a
Lang truthng Lang trung Hnh l ap phng
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Bngtm tt cng thc Ton hc ph thng Trng PTTH Ng Thi Nhim
Gio vin bin son: Trng Hoi Trung 18
3/ Phng phap chng minh 2 mat phang vuong goc
Muon chng mi nh hai mt phng vuong goc ta chng mi nh mt phng nay cha mot ng thang
vuong goc vi mt phng ki a.
( )
( ) ( )
( )

d
d
I I I . CAC VAN EVEGOC
1/ Goc gia hai ng thang
nh ngha: Goc gi a hai ng thang a, b trong khong gi an l agoc gi a hai ng thang a , b nao
ocung i qua mot i em val an l t song song vi a, b.

( , ) ( ', ') = a b a b
2/ Goc gia ng thang vamat phang
a) nh ngha: Goc gi a ng thang a vamt phng ( ) l agoc gi a chnh ng thang a vahnh
chi eu cua nol en mat phang ( )
b) Phng php thc hin.
3/ Goc gia 2 mat phang
a) nh ngha: Goc gi a hai mat phang l agoc gi a hai ng thang l an l t vuong goc vi GI AO
TUYEN cua hai mat phang o.
b) Phng php.
b b
a
* PP: Goi l agoc can tm.
-B1: Tm gi ao i em O cua a va( )
-B2: Tm ng vuong goc tng thang a xuong
mat phang ( )
-B3: OH l ahnh chi eu cua a l en ( )
Vay

( , ) = a OH
* PP: Goi l agoc can tm
-B1: Xac nh gi ao tuyen c cua ( ) va( )
-B2: Tm ng vuong goc vi mot trong hai mat phang.
-B3: Tchan ng vuong goc, hat vuong goc vi gt c tai H.
-B4: Chng mi nh t hatnh ng vuong goc xuong H vuong goc
vi gt c.
Suy ra goc .
a
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Bngtm tt cng thc Ton hc ph thng Trng PTTH Ng Thi Nhim
Gio vin bin son: Trng Hoi Trung 19
I V. CAC VAN EVEKHOANG CACH
1. Khoang cach tmot iem en mot mp
exac nh khoang cach ti em A en mp ( ) ,ta tm mot t thoa: :
( ) tai
+

Qua A
a
H
Khi o: AH l akhoang cach can tm
* Lu y:
2. Khoang cach gia ng thang vamp song song l akhoang cach tmot i em bat k tren t en
mp
( ) ( , ( )) , = e | AB d AB IH I AB
3. Khoang cach gia hai mp song song l akhoang cach tmot i em bat k tren mp nay en mp ki a
( ) ( ) (( ), ( )) ( , ( )), ( ) = e | d d A A
( , ( )), ( ) = e d B B
4. Khoang cach gia hai ng thang cheo nhau
Nhac l ai : ng vuong goc chung cua 2 t cheo nhau a, b l at cat a, b vaong thi vuong goc vi
2 t o.
* TH1: a, b cheo nhau va a b . Khi o:
Neu AB cat ( ) tai I th
( , ( ))
( , ( ))
d A IA
d B IB

=
PP:
-B1: Tm mp ( )
Cha
tai
+

b
a A
-B2: TA keAB b tai B
AB l aoan vuong goc chung cua
a vab
Vay ( , ) = d a b AB
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Bngtm tt cng thc Ton hc ph thng Trng PTTH Ng Thi Nhim
Gio vin bin son: Trng Hoi Trung 20
* TH2: a, b cheo nhau ong thi comp( ) cha b vasong song vi a
* TH3: Trng hp tong quat
PP
- Dng mp ( ) vuong goc vi a tai O. Dng hnh chi eu vuong goc b cua b tren ( )
- Dng hnh chi eu vuong goc H cua O tren b . TH dng t song song vi a cat b tai B
- TB dng t song song vi OH, cat a tai A
oan AB l aoan vuong goc chung
d(a,b) = AB = OH
MOT SOCONG THC ANG NH:
S
hnh vuong
= canh
2
Din tch hnh ch nht = di . rng
ng cheo hnh vuong = canh . 2
S
hnhtron
=
2
R
Din tch tam gic thng =
1
2
(cnh y.ng cao) Thetch khoi chop V =
1
3
(S
ay
cao)
Din tch tam gic thng =
1
2
a . b (a, b l a2 canh
goc vuong)
Thetch khoi l ang truV = S
ay
cao
Din tch tam gic u =
2
3
4
canh
Thetch khoi cau V=
3
4
3
R
PP:
-B1: Lay M a e ,ke ( ) MH tai H
-B2: TH dng ' a a | , cat b tai B
-B3: TB dng t | MH cat a tai A
AB l aoan vuong goc chung
Vay ( , ) ( , ( )) d a b AB MH d M = = =
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Bngtm tt cng thc Ton hc ph thng Trng PTTH Ng Thi Nhim
Gio vin bin son: Trng Hoi Trung 21
ng cao tam gic eu =
3
2
canh
Di en tch mat cau S=
2
4R
S
hnh thang
=
1
2
(ay nho+ ay l n) cao Thetch khoi non V=
1
3
(S
ay
cao)=
2
1
3
R h
Tam gic ABC vung ti A:
2 2 2
1 1 1
= +
AH AB AC
Thetch khoi truV= S
ay
cao =
2
R h
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Bngtm tt cng thc Ton hc ph thng Trng PTTH Ng Thi Nhim
Gio vin bin son: Trng Hoi Trung 22
K. S PHC
1. nh ngha s phc v cc khi nim lin quan
nh ngha :
S phc l mt biu thc c dng
+ a bi ; trong , eR a b v
2
1 = i .
Tp hp cc s phc c k hiu l C.
- Nu
= + z a bi th a gi l
phn thcv b l phn o ca s phc
z .
- z gi l s thc kh
i 0 = a
- z gi l s thun o khi
0 = b
Cc khi nim lin quan :
Cho s phc = + z a bi . Khi :
- Mi s phc = + z a bi c biu din bi mt im
, ) ; M a b trn mt phng ta Oxy.
-
2 2
= = +
,
z OM a b gi l moun ca s phc z .
- S phc = z a bi gi l s phc lin hpca s phc z .
Hai s phc bng nhau:
Cho s phc = + z a bi v ' ' ' = + z a b i . Khi :
2. Cc php ton trn tp hp s phc
Php cng, tr, nhn hai s phc :
, ) , ) , ) , )
, ) , ) , ) , )
, ) , ) , ) , )
+ + + = + + +
+ + = +
+ + = + +
a bi c di a c b d i
a bi c di a c b d i
a bi c di ac bd ad bc i
Ch :
- Cc php ton : cng, tr, nhn hai s phc thc hin nh rt g
n biu thc i s thng thng
vi ch rng
2
1 = i .
- Cc quy tc i s p dng trn tp s thc vn c p dng trn tp s phc.
- Cho = + z a bi . Khi :
2 2
. = + z z a b .
Php chia hai s phc :
, )
.
0
.
' '
= =
z z z
z
z z z
.
S phc nghch o ca z
, ) 0 = z :
1
1

= z
z
3. Phng trnh bc hai
Cn bc hai ca s thc m :
Cho a l s thc m. Khi a c hai cn bc hai l : i a v i a .
' =
' =

' =

a a
z z
b b
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Bngtm tt cng thc Ton hc ph thng Trng PTTH Ng Thi Nhim
Gio vin bin son: Trng Hoi Trung 23
Cch gii phng trnh bc hai vi h s thc :
, )
2
0; , , ; 0 + + = e = R az bz c a b c a .
Tnh
2
4 A = b ac .
Kt lun :
- Nu 0 A > th phng trnh c hai nghim thc phn bit
1,2
2
A
=
b
z
a
.
- Nu 0 A = th phng trnh c mt nghim kp thc
1 2
2

= =
b
z z
a
.
- Nu 0 A < th A c hai cn bc hai l
A i v A i . Khi phng trnh c hai nghim phc
phn bit l
1
2
+ A
=
b i
z
a
v
2
2
A
=
b i
z
a
.
4 Dang lng giac cua sophc
4.1 Dang lng giaccua z = a + bi (a, b , 0) e = R z l a:
z = (cos sin ) + r i
2 2
cos
sin

= +

r a b
a
r
b
r
+ lamot acgumen cua z.
+ ( , ) = Ox OM
4.2 Nhan chia sophc di dang lng giac.
Neu z = r(cos sin ) , ' '(cos ' sin ') + = + i z r i th :
a) . ' . '[cos( ') sin( ') = + + + z z r r i ]
b) [cos( ') sin( ')]
' '
= +
z r
i
z r
4.3 Cong thc Moa-vr :
*
e n N th [ (cos sin )] (cos sin ) + = +
n n
r i r n i n
4.4 Can bac hai cua sophc di dang lng giac :
Can bac hai cua sophc z = r(cos sin ) +i (r > 0) l a: (cos sin )
2 2

+ r i
va (cos sin ) [cos( ) sin( )]
2 2 2 2

+ = + + + r i r i
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