Harinamakirtanam

lcnx\maIo\w
BapJw
AssZzXthZm]camb IrXnbmbn ]ecpw lcnx\maIo\s hymJym\nv
ImWpXv B IrXntbmSpw, Fgpt\mSpw \oXn]pep ns tXmemWv Cu
hymJym\n\v t{]cIw. imcmssZzXsa ipjvIXmnI PKnYymhmZs `mcXob
NnbpsS, Zi\fpsS sImSpapSnbmbn Nne Nn{XoIcnpp. km[mcW P\v
Zi\fpsS Ncn{Xsntbm, Zi\fpsS kbmb XzfpsS kmmXvImc
sntbm, Zi\fpsS AhXcWn D]tbmKs Spnbncnp ZrjvSmfpsS
]cnanXnIsfntbm t_myan mXn\m Bcv FsgpXnbmepw BkzmZyIcambn
kzoIcnp kao]\amWpXv. Cu Zb\obnXn amdn, Zi\sf imkv{Xo bXtbmsS
a\nemWw, Fgps\gpXnb lcnx\maIo\ns icnbmb hymJym\neqsS
Atlns bYm hynXzhpw Bobkbpw kmam\y P\v a\nemIWw
F Dtitm sSbmWv Cu hymJym\{iaw.
Cu DXvIrjvS, kmwJytbmKimkv{XIrXnsbn ]e hnIeamb Bibfpw
AhXcnsp ImWpXv hfsc thZ\mP\Iamb nXnbmWv. DZmlcWn\,v
hyhtbm[nI\mb Hcp ]WvUnXt{ijvT Hcp hymJym\n\v FgpXnb A`n\\n
almIhn Dqcn\v Fgps IrXzsnbpmbncp kwibw kqNnnptXm
sSmw kzw ibpw {KImc\p {]uVX ssIhcpXn\v apv cNnsXmWv CXnse
]Zy Fv kv]jvSamWv F \nKa\hpw \Inbncnpp. lcnx\maIo\n
cN\m]camb sshIeyhpw Bib{]uVnbpsS Ipdhpw Btcm]npImWpXv \psS
]WvUnX ]mccyn Bobm\p`hw F{X ipjvIamsWXn\v sXfnhmWv.
Fgp\ptijw tIcfn PsaSp kmlnXycwKs almcYm cmcpw
lcnx\maIo\tm DXvIrjvSamb \mev hcnI XfpsS Bobm\p`hsntbm,
GsXnepw Zi\sfntbm Ipdnnn F Imcyw \mw CcpWn {inWw.
Zi\sf hnIeamp hymJym\Iebn \njvWmXcmb alZvhynIv Fgps
hcnIfnse Bib{]uVnbpw tbmKm\p`hhpw a\nemImsXhXn Hpw Xs ApXan.
apJmw_nIsb aqImw_nIbmnb PoXbpsS {]Xnê\amWnsXv ]dbmw.
D]\njXvkqtfmfw Xs tatbdnb, Bobm\p`hns,
XzkmmXvImcns Bib{]uVnbm hcnIfmWv lcn\ma Io\w.
{io.icmNmcycpsS ambmhmZmssZzXtam, ssZzXtam, kmwJytam, Zi\tfm Fsv
t_myanmhcmWv lcn\ma Io\n AssZzXZi\w ImWpXv. thZmw
AssZzXZi\ ]camtWm, ssZzXZi\]camtWm FXv XhnjbamWv. ImcWw
IpcpSm B\sb nXnbnep hymJym\fmWv thZmn\n pXv. Fm
Zi\fpw eyampXv AssZzXm\p`hamWv. D]\njZK Xamb thZmw
AssZzXm\p`hns {]kv^pcW fmWv. ssZzXZi \m[njvTamb tbmKamKneqsS
Ejnam t\Snb [\yXbmWv D]\njXv kq {]XnênnpXv. AssZzXm\p`hw
ics ambmhmZm ssZzXn\v bmsXmcphn[ km[pXbpw I]npn. t\tcadnv
D]\njpfnse AssZzXm\p`hw ssZzXZi\nsbpw tbmKamnsbpw km[pXv
sXfnhmWv. lcnx\maIo\nse tmIfpsS XpSp hymJym\nepw
A\p_ambpw lrkzamb hniZoIcW Cu hnjbw kw_nv tNnpv.
{io. kn. cm[mIrjvWs XoS ISv Xncpa[pcw 2005 P\phcn amknemWv
Fs A\pP APbIpam Abp XXv. Cu ]T\w Bcw`ntm ssInepmbncp
hymJym\fn Fgps IrXnsb Bm\p`hanm thZmnI hfsmSnv
hymJym\nncnp Xmbn tXmn. Fgps\ kw_nv Ignbp{X hmbnpXn\v AXv
t{]cWbmbn. XoS ISv Xncpa[pcw Innbtm , AmSnpds `KhXnbpsS
kmnyw ]I B IrXn H CcpnXs hmbnp Xop. aIcamknse ]uan
P\phcn 25 \v IgntmfmsWv tXmpp ]T\w XSsSpIbm Fgpp \nn.
`KhXn ApX Imm XpSnbtmgmWv Fgpv \nnbXv F hkvXpX ]dbmXncp
m AXv IcamIpw.
AmSnpdhpambn sIp]nWpInS Pmc_fpsS HmIfneqsS icochpw
a\pw cmPm\nse tPm[v]qcn epw DZb]qcn\v sXvIngp _mkzmUbnepw Dbn\n,
HmwImtciz, ]\bmImhv, I\ymIpamcn, amSv, I, ImamJym, tNmm\nc,
Kpcphmbq, N{ahw XpSnb imktXfntemWv {]bmWw XpSXv.
hnyhmkn\nbpsS bm{X Hgnhmn e`n kmhIminemWv Cu hymJym\w Ctm
ImhXnbn `{ZbpsS BiohmZns XWenencpv ]qnbmpXv.
Hcphjntesdmew Ignv Xncnp t\mptm Ahnizk\ob kw`hfpsS
Hcp irwJebmWv ImWpXv. kz]v\n I ItTm]\njns tImnbpambn h B
Xs \nfpsS IYbmWvF apJhpctbmsS t]mtfm sImbvtembpsS Asanv
(kn), ku]nIbpsS (River Piedra) Xocv Fnh shp \onbtm t]mtfmsImbvtem
]dbp IYItfm henb ApX v Rm kmnbmbncpp. temIns
AXo{nbXen\v t]mtfmsImbvtem \Ip hnhcWtm hnkvabIcamWv bYm
A\p`h. ]t, a\pjys {]hWX ApXsf bpn ASnm\amn
\ntj[npXn\mWv. cmambWn\pw lcnx\ma Io\n\psamw tZhnamlmyn\pw
aebmf ]cn`mj \Inb Fgp hnfnm hnfntIphfmb `KhXnsb Adn
im\mbncpp. ]Sbvpt]mb NmthdpI ]e{]mhiyw Xncnp hcmXncpnpw
\jvSamIm hnizmkw ssIapXembncp Hcp P\XXnbpsS Hm Cv \ne\npXv
XncpammwIpv `KhXn am{Xw.
Fgps kwLjw \nd PohnXw, Zb\obamb Npp]mSp I, DXvIrjvSamb
Iw, Bbp[saSpmsX Fm Nmtht]mcmfn bpsS XnI Bss[cytmsS
kwLjsf AXnPohn \nkvXpe PohnXw, CsXmw Xs XoS ISv Xncpa[pcw
AhXcnnp pv. AXnse hcnIsf{XIv icnbmsWv `KhXn am{Xta Adnbpp p.
Imens, {ioaqe]oTns \nKqVX Bcdnbpp? {io. kn.cm[mIrjvWs
BJymbnIbpsS ]ndhn {ioaqe]oTamsWv F\nv t_myamWv.
ùXnIimkv{X\mbncpsnepw Atlns A`n{]mbhpw asm. Fs
kw_nStmfw aebmfns A\izctXPmbn hnfp B alm{]Xn`sb
a\nempXn\pw Cu hymJym\w _{i\mbn ]qoIcnpXn\pw B IY
t{]cIambn. aebmfn\v amXwKnbpsS ssNX\yZo]vXn ]I almtbmKnbpsS
at\mlcamb IrXnbmWv lcnx\maIo\w. Fgps Imehpw P\\obXnbpw
{Kl\nebpw \InbncnpXp kw_nv A`n{]mb hyXymkapmImw. Fs hymJym\w
kXysan, lcnx sshJcnbpsS amXrImkzcq]hpw {io{iohnZybpamsWv
A\p`hsSphv Fs hnizknmw. Cu hymJym\sn A`n{]mbw \Inb {io. kn.
cm[mIrjvW\pw ]TnXmpw AmSnpds `KhXnbpsSbpw N{ahs
imkvXmhnsbpw apJmw_nIbpsSbpw Fm A\p{Klfpw DmIs Fv Biwknpp.

sI. N{lcn

lcnx\maIo\w

hymJymXrawKfw

aqem[mcmXv {]YaapZntXm b`mhx ]cmJyx
]mXv ]iyyYlrZbtKm_pnbpKv ayamJyx
ht{ sshJcyYcpcpZntimckyPtm kpjpav\m
_kvXkvamXv `hXo ]h\t{]cnXm hkwm
aqem[mcnepZnp ]cmsb \mZhntijw hmbphn\m \bnsv
kzm[njvTm\n ]iynbmbn, lrZb (A\mlXw) n _pntbmSp kwKanv
ayambmbn, hnipnbn sshJcnbmbn IWvTneqsS {ihyamb i_vZcq]w {]m]npp.
GIm]cm XZ\ymhmamZnhyjvSnamXrkrjvSymm
tX\\hmm amXm PmXm km a[yam`n[m\m`ymw
Znhn[mlna[yam km kqvamqemIrXnx, ncmkqvam
\h\mZabo qem \hhKmnIm Xp `qXen]ymJym
HmbXv ]cmin, AXn\nv A\yambXv hmamZn hyjvSn cq]amXv qehpw
hmamZn kajvSncq]ambXv kqvahpw BIpp. ]cm ]iynbpw \hm amXrinbmb
a[yabpambn ]cnWanpp. a[yam qew, kqvaw Fns\ cp hn[amIpp. a[yam
kqvacq]n hnIrX\mZmIsapw kajvSncq] apssS \mZ\hIambpw
AdnbsSpp.
iq\ykv]ikvXYm \mtZm [z\n_npkvXssYh N
in_oPmcw ssNthXyjvS[m\mlXx
tbmKnIv \mZ\hIw A\p`hamWv.
tLmjx Imwkyw XYm LmhoWmthWphmwiIw
Zpp`nx iwJtLmj \haw \nntijIw
Fp \mZfpsS t]cpIfpw t]cnm H]XmaXv \mahpamWv ChnsS
]cmainsSpXv.
Cs\ \h\mZmnIbmb a[yam A, I, N, S, X, ], b, i, Fv
\hhmnIbmb sshJcnbmbn hnipnbn ]cnWanpp. ]cmbpsS ]cnWXnbmb 15
kzcfpw 25 hyRvP\fpw bk 7Dw DssS 47 AcfmWv `qXen]nm[mcamb
sshJcn. 47 sshJcnbpw 9 a[yambpw 11 ]iynbpw tNcptm k]vXjjvSn hcq] (67)
bmb amXrIm]oTw, 7 tImSn alma{fpsS Abmb `KhXn, ]cmhmKm\m
lX`mcI]cainhkzcq]nWn, jSv{XnwiXv (36) Xz{]kctW\ hnizkrjvSn \Spp.
IqSpX hniZoIcWn\v ChnsS HcpsSpn. KoXfpsS hymJym\nepw
lcnx\maIo\ns Cu hymJym\n\msI sbpw Amanbmbn ]TnXmv
A\p`hamIp Ac ssNX\yn\v h\w.
KtWi{Kl\{XtbmKn\ocmincq]nWow
tZhow a{abow \uan amXrIm]oTcq]nWow
Fgps hmpI A]w ISsaSpv
hmWoSpI\mcXsapsS \mhv Xt
hmWnamXmth hhn{Ktl thZmntI
\mWsat\y apZm \mhnt \S\w sNbvtI
Wmm\t\ bYmIm\t\ ZnKw_c
hmcntPmhapJhmcnPmhmtk _mte
hmcn[n Xn XncameIsft]mse
`mcXo ]Zmhen tXmtWw ImteImte
]mcmsX keWw tat awKeiote...
(AymcmambWw)

lcnx\maIo\w

`mKw 1

Kp]vXhmWn

Hmw lcnx {io KW]Xsb \ax

Hmw lcnx {io KW]Xsb \ax Kp]vXhmWnbpsS {]XoIamb ]Xns\mv AcfmWv
Ch. Achpw Ahpw At`Zambh FXmWv Kp]vXhmWnbpsS \nN\w AYhm
A\p`hw. Cuhn[samcp awKfhmIyw FpsImv Fgp kzoIcnp Fv ]cntim[n
ptm imkv{Xobamb Hcpchpw e`ya. Hmmcsbpw hnjvWphns\bpw evansbbpw
hnLvt\izc\mb KW]Xnsbbpw hnpXmWo hmIysav s]mXpsh hymJym\nsSpp.
AXpsImv IpnIsf Fgpn\ncpptm Hmw lcnx {io KW]Xsb \ax F
Fgps a{mnIbmb ]p\qent\mSv AhnLv\akvXp F Nmp\qev IqSn tNp
ImWpp. KtWi\v \akvImcns Dtiyw AYhm a\nembnsn HmsSpmw
FXmImw Cu Iqntens eyw. Hmw lcnx {io KW]Xsb \ax Cu
Achn\ymkn\v Io\KoXsfXnep]cnbmb {]kn bptm? Cu
Acmhenp {]tXyIamb LS\tbm Axktbm Dtm?

Hmw, Ac{]Whw Io\n\v `qanIm
A\mZn \n[\w {_ i_vZXzw bZcw
hnhtX A`mth\ {]{Inbm PKtXm bXx
Hmmcw BZnbpw Ahpanm \mZ{_amWv. Cu aqe a{mcw A`mth\
]cnWanv {]]apmIpp.
AImc DImc aImtcm _nptch N
ANt{m \ntcm[o N \mtZm \mZm Gh N
IpWvUeohym]n\oin ka\mtXn kmabmx
\njvIew NmXzw N inssh XtYm\m
Cuhn[amWv {]Whns AwKI]\. {]Whns ]cm, A]cm F cv
nXnIfn hmNyhmNIcq]n GIXzamb aqe{]IrXn \nesImpp.

A D a : Pm{KXv kz]v\ kpjp]vXn
krjvSn nXn, {]fbw
a\v {]mW Almcw
{_m hnjvWp atlizc

A+D+a= Hmw = X{n _npshpw, tbmKimkv{Xn Cuizcs\pw
hnhnsSpp. _nphn\v AKXambn N{e, \ntcm[n\n, \mZw Fo Xzfpw
kZminh\pw (Xpcobmh), Xpcobm XoXambn \mZmw, in, hym]n\o, ka\m Fns\
inhXzhpw D\m F ]cainhXzhpw A]w Nne hyXymktfmsS ssih
Zi\fn I]nsSpp. Cu hn[Xzk] tbmKknn bpsS {_mWvUw,
{]IrXn, ambm, NnXvin apXemb Xe hniZoIcnp ktXfmWv. tbmKn Cs\
hyXykvX Imbhyql amv Ahsb ihoIcnv (ihmk\n ssNX\ys kzX{amn
t{]Xkzcq]w [cnv, bYm ihkm[\) {_\pw, hnjvWphpw, cp{Z\pw, Cuizc\pw,
kZminh\pw Cs\ hnhn[ t{]Xcq] ssIsmpp. kmImchniztZhmcmb
{_mhnjvWpcpt{Zizcmsc Dsmv ihmk\w sNp kZminhs s\nemWv
almImfn \rw NhnpXv. tbmKn XpSv \ncmImc intemIn {]thinpXns\
_npaWvUew {]Xn\n[oIcnpp. _npaWvUen Dtcmcw KXn
{ioN{InXbmb kpcnbpsS ISmm am{Xta kmyamI bpp. Hmmcnse ()
\ntcm[nIm, \mZinD\mXefn {]thinpXn \nv tbmKnsb XSbpp. D\m
]qamb \mZXesf DSppw inXesf, in, hym]n\o, ka\m Chsb {Xniqehpw
{]Xn\n[oIcnpp.\ntcm[nIsb sshXcWn ISm ]ns hnizmXoXwKK\kZriw
tbmKnNnXv [ym\Kayw XpSp tbmKnbpsS a\x{]mWxImeclnXamb kZvKXn
almiq\ynse tkXp_\ns Bcpw ]dnnm IYbmWv.
Fgps lcnx\maIo\n\v {]mcwàmb Hmmcw Io\ n\v \Ip
`qanI CXmWv. {_mWvU {]mW_oPamb hnjvWp, {]IrXnv DSbh\mb \mcmbW,
qei_vZambn ]cnWanpXns tbmKimkv{X]camb AhXcWamWv
kZvKXnmbnsmv Fgp \IpXv.
lcnbpw hnkhpw
Hmw lcnx F XpSns bpn apIfn \Inb `qanIbm s]sv
a\nemmw. Hmw F {]WhhmNI kwm ]cmsb \ne IpWvUen\nbmWv.
]cmbpsS hnIrXnIfmWv ]iyo, a[yam, sshJco apXemb Dtcmcw qe\mZ.
l CubSnm\n ayambpsS GImZi kqva hsf {]Xn\n[oIcnpp. c
An_oPhpw CImcw Cminbpw AXn\m cn{Inbminbpw (c {]IrXnsbbpw
{_mhns\bpw CImcw kckzXnsbbpw kqNnnpp). xhnkw krjvSn
nXnebkqNIhpamWv. \h\mZabnbpw GImZi h]cbpamb a[yambpsS sshJcnbmb
]cnWXnsb lcnx kqNnnppshv ChnsS a\nemmw. lcnxsbm sshJcnbmsW
v av hn[nepw m]nmhpXmWv l IcmXv thymahpw thymamXv i_vZhpw Dmbn.
l F I aynep BImin \npw {ihtW{nbn {]thinp (cmXn)
m\hnjbw lcnx BIpp. i_vZhpw BImihpw t]mse hn`nbnmXmWv lcnx
FXn\mem Wv Fgp ]noSv lcnx FXns\ l cn Fv ]ncnmsX lcnx H
Acambn KoXI]\ sNbvXXv.
hnjvWphnsbpw, civanbpsSbpw, kqcymizfpsSbpw XhfbpsSbpw Ipcnsbpw
]cymbsa \nebnepw {]JymXamWv lcn. {]IrXnbnse ]\ndw kqcyXm]s
Pohnbmn (Photosynthesis) amp Imcyhpw {]knamWv.
{io KW]Xsb \ax
{io{iohnZym, {Xn]pckpcnsbbpw KW]Xsb FXv amXrIm AYhm
{ioN{Ins BhcWtZhXIfpsS (kwJy 51, 111 Fv hncpm `n{]mbw) A[ntZhXsb
\nep almtZhnbpsS hntijWhpamWv. {ioN{I]qPbn Zzmc]meIcmb
KtWihSpImcpsS ]qP {]knamWv. DZmlcWn\v tbmKn\olrZbw Bcw`npXv
PKZzymthXu KW]hSpIu... FmWv.
BNmcy\tc{`qjWpw {io. inhmchnw Pn. _meIrjvW \mbcpw lcn{io
KW]Xtb \ax FsgpXptm cmahpcm lcn {io KW]Xsb \ax FmWv
FgpXpXv. {io. Pn. _meIrjvW \mbcpsS A`n{]mbn, Nnipnbn IqSn am{Xta
Bkzcq]w ]qambn sXfnbq. IpnIsf Fgpn\ncpptm Xs Nn ipnsb
emmnbmWv lcn{io KW]Xtb \axF KW]Xnh\ hmIyw
BZyamsbgpXnpXv. Cu ]WvUnXmcmcpw lcnx Fv hnkKw D]tbmKnv FgpXpn.
a{s KW]Xn h\w Bn hymIcWw tNptm lcn{iobpw KW]Xtb FXpw
icnbmbn BNmcymv tXmnbncnmw. kwbp]Zw \]pwkIenwKw apXemb
hymIcWXzsf\nv Xnan. kwbp]Zw \]pwkIenwKamIpXv \]pwkIa{n\v
hncpamIbntm? KW]Xtb FXnse GImchpw KW]Xsb FXnse FImchpw
tNmZyNnw Dbpp. kwkvIrXn FImcan ]t a{mcfnepv b Fs
ZrjvSnbn Bmhpw sb = bv + A + C kwbpa{]Zns\ kmbqPy {]Zamp
am{XbpamWv. KW]XnkvXpXnb adnv knamXrIm kzcq]n\v, {iotZhnv a{mI
h\amIptm Hmw lcnx {io KW]Xsb \ax FXv am{XamWv icn. Fgp
FgpXnbXv Cu {iohnZymkzcq]w Xs. IpnIfpsS hnZymcw`n\v a{mIamb Cu
tZhokvXpXn Xs D]tbmKsSptXmWv. Hcp KtWit\m 51 KtWiapWvUnI
AWnbphfmWtm t{ibn\v amw F NntbmsS AmSnpdv hmgp `KhXnsb
\akvIcnv XsbmWv Fgp Hmmcw F aqea{mcw sImv Io\w
Bcw`nXv. lcnsb ccfpw hnkhpw sshJcnsb hmI knkzcq]ambn,
\mcmbW\mbn ({]mW_oPamb hnjvWp) k]nm Wv Fgp lcnx\mcmbWmb \ax
F k]vXmca{n\pw lcnx\maIo\n\pw cq]w \InbXv.
hsgppw kwkvIrXhpw Cs\ cv en]nI ebnnXns kqN\mbmWv
tbmPnnmWv lcnx + \mcmbWmb Fv cv ]Z tbmPnnv Fm ]ZyfpsSbpw
HSphn ]hn t]mse tNp ImWpsXv s{]m^. sI.]n. \mcmbW]njmcSnsb Dcnv
Xpm Nmcy F Cs\v teJ\n ImWpp. Hmb \nsbnl csv IXv
hsgpnepw kwkvIrXnepamsW D]cnh hoWw ]WvUnXm
]penbncpXmbpw Ccw A]Izhpw Aimkv{Xobhpamb hoWfmWv
lcnx\maIo\w Fgps _meyImeIrXnbmsW (cN\mcwÌmew) \nKa\n\v
ImcWsapw CcpWn a\nemmw. Xs cN\mcwÌmepXs Fgp
hsgpns\bpw kwkvIrXsbpw tbmPnnncppthm F kwibn\pw ChnsS
kmlNcyapv. ap]d hnZzmmcpsS hmZKXnI ]ckv]chncpamsWXv {inpI.
]Xn\mdmw \qmnse en]n]cnjvIcW {]m\ns t\Xmhmbncpp Fgp
Fv FhnsStbm hmbnp. ham\ Imes `qXImen Btcm]np
hnI]hrnbmWv Ccw \nKa\. Fgps eyw AsXmpambncpn.
alm`mcXw imn]n Hcp apnamsn ]dbpXv {inWw. i_vZ{_Wn
\njvWmXx ]cw{_m[nKXn AcfneqsS apnbpsS tkm]m\ambncpp
Fgps eyw.
Io\w
HmwImcamb s]mcp aqmbv ]ncnpSs\
bmmcambXn\p XmXs kmnbXp
t_m[whcphXn\mfmbn \n ]c
amNmcycq] lcn\mcmbWmb \ax (1)
aqe{]IrXn aqmbn ]ncnhbn (Almcw, _pn, a\v), AlmcambXn\v Xm
(Ah\hs a\v) Xs kmnbmsW t_m[w (_pn) hcpphXn\mfmbn (]pcpjk
]w hywKyw) \n ]camNmcy\mb lcn\mcmbW\v \akvImcw.
aqe{]IrXnbpsS aqv ]ncnhv Almcw, a\v, _pn ChbmsWv cpw aqpw hcn
I kqNnnpXnemWv Fgps kKssh`hw Rm ImWpXv. X\nv Al
wt_m[w/Bm\w \InbXn\v, hnjvWp`\mb Fgp lcn\m cmbWs\ ]cam Nm
cy\mbn I]np \akvIcnpIbmWv. ipkmwJytbmKZi\amWv Cu hcnI. aqmbn
]ncnbptm Almcamb Bs\ Dmp Hmmcw aqe{]IrXnbm Wv.
ambhmZmssZzXnse AssZzX]c{_a.
hnIrXmamWv ]e hymJym\fnepapXv. AssZzX ]c{_ n\v aqmbn
]ncnbm Ignbpsav imcZi\w icnbmbn ]Tnnph FgpXpIbn. icmNmcycpsS
\nN\anm ambmk]w Fpw FhnsSbpw hniZoIcnm Ignbp ]c{_
hnIrXnbmWv. ambmIrXn bmWv aqps]mcpsfn FpsImv aqqdmbn? ambmIrXnI
A\amXah\obamb \nebvv aqv Xzv {]tXyI ambn ambm F
GIhnIrXnbn amXrXzw Btcm]nm\mIptam? bmmcam bXn\v AlmcambXn\v
F hmns\ Almcsa kmwJyXzambmWv ]dtbXv.
Zi\v hfsc Nnbmb Xz\nmcWhpw AhbpsS kmmXvImcn\v
Ahiyamb mt\m]m[nIsfn hniZoIcWhpw Dv, ]mens BhiymcpsS
Fa\pkcnv shw tNp ]mhSmcs\tmse hymJymXm XfpsS
at\m[w t]mse Zi\sf hfsmSnpXv icnb.
Fgp tbmKm\p`hs kzw knnsImv Ghpw BkzmZyIcamb B\ Ko
Xamn amnbXmWv lcnx\maIo\w. AXns\ ipjvIamb thZmNbmbn (A[x] Xnn
ncnpp) Fm hymJymImcmcpw AhXcnnncnpp. {_kXyw PKnYym Fv
HcnSpw Fgp ]dbpn. \nKpW]c{_amb HmwImcw Fn\v aqmbn ]ncnbWw?
As\ ]ncnbphm Hcp bpn imcIrXnIfntem {_kq{Xntem Dtm?
krjvSnsbn ]dpsImv Io\n\v {]uVamb Bcw`w IpdnpIbmWv. shdpw
`nbpsS {]IS\a Cu Io\w. Xs Bobm\p`qXnbpsS Zi\m[njvTamb
AhXcWamWv Fgp eyampXv. Ghpw tiIcamWv Cuhn[samcp IrXyw.
hmnsemXp m A\p`hs Xz \n_amn ]WvUnX\pw ]mac\pw, EXphmb
s]n\pw, Cc\pw NWvUme\pw Bm\p`hn\v kmyambn \nesImpw hn[w
Io\ampIbmWv Fgp.
aqe{]IrXnbpw ]pcpj\pamWnhnsS hnhsbv ASp ]wnbn \nv hyam Ip
p.
Hmb \nsbnl csp Ifhn
epmsbmcn _X anmhX aa
]tWs hcphm \nIr]mhenI
fpmIsbenl lcn\mcmbWmb \ax (2)
Hmb ]pcpj\mWv aqe{]IrXnbpsS ]cnWXnv kmn. Hcm P\nptXmsS ]pcp
j cmIpp. Pohmmhv ]pcpjs\ cmbn ImWpp. Cu ssZzX`mhw CmsX P]q
amb ]pcpj]Znsem, tamn\v Ir] bmNnpIbmWv Fgp.
Hmb \nsbnl csv I Fgps ]cmaiw am{Xw aXn AssZzXthZm
ns kaqe \ntj[n\v. kmwJyhpw icmNmcy thZmhpw Xnep Gw {]knamb
BibkwLjamWv Bs\mmtWm, cmtWm, ]eXmtWmsbXv. kmwJyns _lp
]pcpjXzw {]JymXamWv. sshtijnInepw kam\amWv nXn. hyn\njvTambn Fgp
]dbpXmWv Hmb \nsbnl cmbn IXnepmb, Pw kzoIcntn h Xn
ep ZpxJw ]dbmhX. ]ttmse kmbqPyamv Ignbm Fs A\p{KlnWw.
BNmcy \tc{`qj icnbmb AamWv CXn\v \IpXv. BZy ]wnv
thZmw ]dXn\m icnbmb A]pjvSn C.
B\Nnb ltc tKm]nImcaW
Rms\ `mhaXp tXmmbvIthWanl
tXmpXmIneJnew Rm\nsXhgn
tXmtWta a\kn \mcmbWmb \ax (3)
tKm]nImcaWs\v D]tbmKnncnpXv {]IrXn]pcpj kqN\bmWv. (Nenp
Xns\ \SpXn\v, NenmXns\ NennpXn\v DSbh\mbn \npht\ FmWv
BNmcy \tc{`qj tKm]nImcaW\v \Ip Aw. {]IrXnv DSbh\mb ]pcpj
XsbmWv Ne\clnXamb {]IrXnsb NennpXpw ]ns \SpXpw.) Rms\ `mhw
tXmcpXv, Almcw tXmpsn AXv a\n AJnehpw Xm\msW km `m h
ambncnphm \mcmbW\v \akvImcw.
{io.cmahpcm tKm]nIm F]Zn\v {]Imiw Fv AapXmbn
]dbpp. km`mhw bmNnptm IpkrXn mc\mbncp tKm]nImcaWs\ Hmm
hgnbn. {]Imiw F Aw \mw kzoIcnm A]pjvSnbpv. IrjvW]Zns
hypXv]n {inmw
Irjn `qhmNIx i_vtZm W \nhrXn hmNIx
hnjvWpkvXZv `mhtbmKm IrjvtWm `hXn kmXzXx
Ir `qansb kqNnnpp. W \nhrXnsb ImWnpp. `qanv \nhrXn
]Icph\mWv IrjvW. B \nebn IrjvW hnjvWphmWv, AXmbXv, kqcy\mWv. `qan
arbamb icocnsbpw kqcy {]mWsbpw {]XoIamWv. kqcy civan kaqlw AYhm
{]mWkaql amb KcpV\mIpXpt]mse IrjvW {]mWs ]c{_kzcq]amWv.
tKmhnx, tKm]mex XpSnb t]cpI tKmhns C{nbw, Znhkw, kqcy ({]mW)
CXymZn Asf B{ibnphbmWv. tKmIpew Fm C{nbpw ASnm\amb
a\ns {]XoIamWv. tKm]nI Atm a\nse {]mWkzcq]nWnbpw caW
]cammhpamIpp.
ZnmemZy\hnm\Nnm{Xaqtb
kzm\p`qssXyIam\mb \ax inhmb tXPt
`rlcnbptSXmbn ImWp Cu awKftInse kzm\p`q ssXyIyam
AJnemWvUm\NnbaqnsbbmWv Fgp kvXpXnpXv.
AJnew Rm\nsX hgn CXn\v Xpeyamb {]kn D]\njZv hmIyw Alw
{_mkvan hfsc {]knamWv. D]\njpsfmw AssZzXamWv ]dbpsX
A_[mcW {ioicmNmcycpsS `mjyfn \npfhmbXmWv. HmwImctam, Fmw
HmsW k]tam, icmNmcycpsS AssZzXZi\a. inhmssZzXns `mKamWv.
ssZzXZi\amb kmwJy Zi\nse XzkmmXvImc amWv AssZzXm\p`qXn.
{ioicmNmcy ]dbpXpt]mse PKnYymhmZ n A[njvTamb ZrjvSm
PvRm\tbmKa inhXzm\p`hw.
ZrjvSmm\tbmKw FXv {]tXyIw {inWw. ZrjvSm sf
imkv{XXz {KlnnpXn\v D]tbmKnpXv AhbpsS ]cnanXnIsf
t_mysSpnsmmWv. tbmKhmknjvTn ZrjvSmfpsS ]cnanXnIsfpdnv
hniZambn ]dpsImmWv hknjvT ZrjvSm D]tbmKsSpn Bibw
{Klnnm {ianXv. imcmssZzXn {_samWv? amb FmWv? {_m\p`h
n\p amKsamW? Bpw Xnan. KoXm`mjyns apJhpc bmbn {ioicmNmcy
]dbpXv AssZzX]c{_w Bambbm hkptZh IrjvW\mbn AhXcnp FmWv.
FmWo Bamb? sXmencmas XneImjvSalnj_\w t]mse imcmssZzXn
hniZoIcnm\mIm Fm Imcypw HaqenbmWv ambmhmZw. ambmklnXamsX
imc{_w \ne\npn. Atm ]ns FhnsS AssZzXw, ssZzXambntmbnt?
{]]w ambb. ]cakzmXyam inhXzns Cm
m\{InbminIfpsS {]IS\ambn {[phoIcWw kw`hnptmgmWv
krjvSnbpmIpXv. Cu {[phoIcWw AYhm ssZzX{]]w Csn apnbpsStbm
{_m\p`hnstbm bmsXmcp {]knbpw C. \nKpW\ncmImc\njvIeamb Xzn\v
Fv apn? kKpW{_w, inhinkzcq]w {[phoIcWneqsSbmWv kwPmXamIpXv.
Cu imkv{XkXyne[njvTamWv ssZzXZi\w. PKv anYyb kXy amWnhnsS,
`KhXnbpsS kpcItf_camWv.
Am\emZn shfnshms {Klnpsamcp
InpIp a\amIp IXnp
Imbncp s]mcp Xms\pdpaf
hm\sap lcnx \mcmbWmb \ax (4)
kqcys\bpw Ansbbpw CXc shfnsfmsbpw Adnbp In\p
Amanbmbncnp Imb a\n\v ]nnse Imb, Adnbph\mb kbmWv
Xms\v kzbw A\p`hamIptmfp B\w ]I lcnx\mcmbW\v \akvImcw.
Pohmt_m[ns\nbp at\mlcamb hW\bmWnXv. _mlyambn hnp
C{nbfmb t\{XmZnIv AxIcWambn hnpXv a\mWv. As\bp a\
n\v AxIcWambncnp Bkzcq]amWv Xms\dnbpXns B\amWv ]cmaiw.
Ac ]c{_amWv lcnx\mcmbWkzcq]w.
tIt\m]\njnse,
t{im{Xky t{im{Xw a\tkm at\m
bZv hmtNm l hmNw k D {]mWky {]mWx
NpjpcnXnapNy[ocmx ...
F a{ns Aw kzm\p`hambn B\w sImXns {]Xnê\w Fgps
hcnIfn ImWmw.
Cu \meptmIfn Fgp Xs km`mhn\v kwn]vXamb hnhcWw
\In Amanbmbn Xncndn ]caKpcphmb \mcmbWs\ \akvIcnv, enwKhmZn
hyXymksat\y kcpambpw Xs A\p`hw ]pshpXn\v AcWm
t{]cnX\mbn lcnx\maIo\n\v apJhpc sNmpIbmWv. Cu apJhpc \mw \mbn
a\nemtXpv.
Abnw sImv _lp`qcn]n\pw m\hpw t{Xcm[\ bpw \ntj[nncp
ImemWv Fgp PohnncpXv. {]m\{Xbw ]qamn ambmhmZn\v BZnbpw
Ahpw FgpXntv Iminbnse nb icmNmcyv aWnIWnIbn \nndnh
NWvUme Kpcphmb IY \mw tInptm? icmNmcypw Fgp\pw CSbnep Ggv
\qmpIfn Abnw tIcfn ]Sp]enXn \npw \mw FmWv
a\nemtXv? NWvUme icmNmcyv \Inb Bm\w Atln\ptijw
h BNmcy]ccpw khta[mhnIpw {Xnbcms acpambnIfmb
{ZmhnU pw \jvSsp F Zb\ob kXyw AssZzXm`mhns IWnIbnm
ItTmc\oXnIfpsS kvarXnIfpmn a\pjys\ a\pjy ]oUnnp ZpxnXn AXns
sImSpapSnbnsenb ImemWv Fgp Bm\p`hns ioXfOmbbn aebmfs
\np hm\m{KlnXv. F{X ss]imNnIambn Atlw ]oUnnspshXv {io. kn.
cm[mIrjvWs XoS ISv Xncpa[pcw F IrXnbn \npw a\nemmw.
icmNmcycpsS ambhmZmssZzXw Hcp BNmcyt\m, kht\m icnbmb Bm\p`hw
\Inbncpsn tIcfntem, `mcXntem NmXphyns Zpjv{]`mhw
]Scpambncptm Fv \mw NnnWw.
Bm\p`hns, AssZzXm\p`qXnbpsS {]Imiw BZyambn aebmfn\v \Inb
BNmcy Fgp\pw IrXn lcnx\maIo\ hpamWv. A\p`hhpw hmpw {]hrnbpw
Hpt]mse ZnhyX ssIhcnp {]uVm\p`qXnbmWv Cu Io\ns ImX.
\mev Bcw`KoX
HmwImcn XpSnb KoXw ]noSv HImcw, BImcw AImcw Cs\ aqp
tmI IgnmWv lcnxbn XpSpXv. FmWnXn\v ImcWambncnpI? Bcpw Xs
Cu {]tXyIX N sNbvXp ImWpn. ssihcpw sshjvWhcpw Ds \mK{ZmhnU
]mccyamWv tIcfn \mbmcpw Cughcpw shv ]pepXv. Dc`mcXns
]naay]q`mKfn \nv, AXmbXv, Kpcw, Imin (hnym Nehpw), ImamJym
(hwKw, Hdo) FnhnSfn \nv hnhn[ Imefnembn sXtmph \mKbut[b
KWsfbmWv tIcfnse ImhpIfpsSbpw IfcnbpsSbpw ]me n ImWphm
IgnbpXv. imtbns sshjvWh]Xnmb ]cm{Xa\pkcnv hnjvWphn
{iohnZymkzcq]w I]nphm\mWv Fgp \mcmbW\v hhn{Klambn Cu
Io\w cNnncnp Xv. ]cm{Xw, Xzw, apn, `n, tbmKw, hnjbw Cs\
Aphn[amb m\s {]Iminnp kwlnXbmWv. Cu Aphn[amb m\amWv
lcnx\maIo\nepw \mw ImWpXv.
KoXw 1 HmwImcamb s]mcp Xzw
KoXw 2 Hmb...]tWs apn
KoXw 3 B\Nnbltc `n
KoXw 4 A..a\amb In\v s]mcp tbmKw
KoXw 5 Io\w DcsNbvhXnv Iw
hnjvWphns \m`nbn \npb b]n ]ndhnsIm \mpJ\mb
{_s\ {]Xn\n[oIcnphbmWv Xzw, apn, `n, tbmKw ChbpsS BZy\mep
tmIsfpw ]dbmw.
iX]Y{_mWn aqecq]ambn ImWp ]pcpj\mcmbW Xs _en Ignv
{_cq]w ssIhcn almtbmKnbmWv. alm\mcmb tWm]\njnepw Cu \mcmbW\mWv
]cw, hyqlw, hn`hw, Aman, Aw Fv Aphn[ AkvXnXztmSp IqSn
kpZi\cq]ambn hnsSpXv. CubSnm\n HmwImcamb s]mcp ]cw ]pcpj
aqmbn ]ncnXv kwLjW, {]Zypav\, A\ncp Fo hyqlfmbmWv. Chbn
{]Zypav\eneqsSbmWv ]pcpj{]IrXn k]w ]cm{XkwlnXI AhXcnnp
ImWpXv. A\ncp, {]Zypav\, kwLjW Ch {_mhnjvWpcp{Zk]ns
]Iv XsbmWv. kwLjW, {]Zypav\, A\ncp Fo hyql Pohmmhv,
a\v, Almcw Fo XzfmsWv alm`mcXw imn]n ]cmaiapv.
`Khms Nnfmb s\neWnbp IukvXp`w (Bmhv), {iohw (apSn\mcngbmep
hfbw, {]IrXn), KZ ({]mW alXv), iwJw (_pn), imMvKw (hnv, Almcw), hm
(m\w), hmfpd (AhnZy), kpZi\w (a\v), Akv{X (C{nb), ame (Xz)
ChbpsS hnjvWp]pcmWn ImWp XzmI hymJym\hpw {itbamWv. a\mWv
kpZi\ N{Iw AXmbXv tPymXn{Iw Poh]pcpjs at\mabtImin {]XnjvTamWv.
]cm{XkwlnXI, imtbkwlnXI hn`n hynI ]In FgpXn (tImnbSnv)
krjvSnhbmbXn\m hnhn[kwlnXIfnse BJym\v sFIcq]yan.
HmwImcw AXns ]c, A]cm nXnIfn inh\pw inbpamIp Xpt]mse
hmkptZh\pw \mcmbW\pw DmIpp. Idp \mcmbW\n \nv ambmin ({]IrXn)
DmIpp. ]ns {io, `qan, \oem Ch N{kqcymncq]nepfhmIpp. XpSv ap
tZhXmKWfpm Ipp. Hmw lcnx {ioKW]Xsb \ax F a{mWw Cu ]cm{X
krjvSnIY\n \ngenpXv {inpI. Cs\ kwPmXamIp tZh\Kcw sshIpWvTw
FdnbsSpp. Cu tZh\KcamWv tZh\mKcn F `Khms hhn{Klw BbncnpXv.
{]Zypav\s {`qayn \npw \nbXnbpw ]pcnIfn \nv Imehpw Iaynep
BImin \npw KpWabtbm\nbpw (aqe{]IrXn) Acfpw DmbXmbpw
I]\bpv. Aln_p[v\ykwlnXm, evaoX{w apXemb IrXnI kpZi\ F
evansb a{abnbmb {Inbmin bmbn hnpp. \mZw, _np, kzcw, hyRvP\w F
{Ian hmKoizcnbpsS Bhn`mhw amXrIm]oTwXs. AcfpsS {Iaw ChnsS
kzc A (A\pcw), C, D, E, \, B, Cu, Du, A+C = F, G, A+F = sF, H, Hm, A+D
= Hu, Aw (kqcy), Ax (N{) F {Ianepw hyRvP\ hmkptZh\nemcw`nv (l)
k, j, i Fv \mpJ\pw bpssS ]h{\pw, XpSv ibn\npw h bpw
ecb bbn\npw Xnco\ambn a F IqS\pw (i_vZ{_w, kajvSn), a bn
\npw `(t`mKyw) F {]IrXnbpw XpSv _ (alXv), ^ (AlwImcw) ](a\v)
Fnhbpw XpSv Xnco\ambn mt\{nbfpw (\apX X) It{nbfpw
(WapX S) Xm{XIfpw (RapX N) `qXfpw (MapX I) AphoXw
{Iaambn Bhn`hnpp. Hmtcm Achpw hnjvWp\maw, inh\maw, Fpw inbpsS
Ahbhfmbpw I]nsSpp. tbmKicocnse a{mcnXn Xmsg \Ipp.
kl{kmcw 1000 50 x 20
Bm 2 l,
hnipn 16 AAx
A\mlXw 12 IT
aWn]pcw 10 U^
kzm[njvTm\w 6 _e
aqem[mcw 4 hk
Xangv ]mccyw
Cu hymJym\ns Ahkm\ an\pv ]WnI sNptmgmWv Xangv en]nIfpsS
Imcyw amWn\mbncpsS XangcfpsS knXew F ]pkvXIw {ibn s]Xv.
AXn ImWp Nne hnhc ChnsS DcnpIbmWv. Xangv ]mccynepw
Acv BhnZybpambn At`Z_w I]npXv sXmImnbn
ImWmhpXmWv. kzcsf Dbnscgpv (Dbn, Bhn, {]mW) Fpw I, N, S, X, ]
hmZnIfmb 25\v sasgpv (DS, sav) FpamWv Xan t]cpI. thSvdpabn Xmta
Ggn\ samgnhv F kq{Xa\pkcnv Ggphn[n Dbnscgppw sasgppw tNcpXmWv.
Bmhn\v Ggphn[w ]p\\nmsa AymXzw ChnsS \ngenpp. AXpt]mse
{][m\amb asmcp kq{XamWv san hgnbXp Dbn tXmvdp \nesb- AXmbXv Dbnscmw
HmWv saneqsSbmWv \maw ssIhcpXv. DZmlcWn\v I + D = Ip (Ipbn), a + D = ap
(]q) F Dbnsan D F Bmhv HmsWnepw Ipbnepw ]qbpw cmWv.
Hmb \nsbnl \macq]mZnIfm csv ImWpXv kzchyRvP\mc
t]msebmWv a\nemmw. `mhnImen\v FXnImehnss\ (BKmanIw),
ham\Imew \nIgvImehnss\ ({]mc_v[w), `qXImew CdImehnss\ (knXIw)
FsmbmWv sXmImnbnse ]Zmhen. \axinhmb F ]mco a{ns
s]mcp hyamsSpXv a F hmk\Ifpw \ F AhnZybpw b F
Bmhns\ _nptm in F `Khm h F A\p{KlneqsS b F
B\v apn \Ipp. \axinhmb F ]mcnsb Xan knm a{icocambn
k]nncpp.
IqSmsX, {iohnZymk{Zmbn hnkKn\v (x) kqcyN{ kzcq]hpw 16 kzcv
{]Xn]Zw apX ]uWanhscbpw Aamhmkn bpssSbp 16 XnYnIeIfmbpw
k]apv. Cu kzcsfs _oPmcfmbpw hy\sf tbm\nbmbpw
inhinbmaf cq]n knI]\bpv. Cu bpKfcq]ns {_kzcq]amWv Alw
CXn i_vZhpw Ahpw t]mse m\inbpw {Inbminbpw ktfnpp. ]rYzo
Xzw apX inhXzw hsc ASp Alw AYhm chnbn (hmv) Anbpw N{\pw
IeIfmWv. kqcy hmmsWXmWv Kmb{Xyp]mk\bpsS ASnm\w. {]mW\pw kqcy\pw
Xnep {_mWvU]nWvUmWvU kwthZ\ns. A\pcW\ns hmIvkzcq]amWv
(a{w) Kmb{Xn.
Fgps ]mccyn sabvfcnbpw Fgpp Ifcnbpw {io. kn. cm[mIrjvW
Nn{XoIcnpp. AXmbXv san\pw Dbncn\pw hnZybm [\yX tXSnb, Dbncpw sapw
{ioaqe]oThpw `mKamb Ifcn ]mccynembncnmw knmcpw imkv{Xfpw
Bhn`hnsXv IcpXphm \ymbapv.
\apv Io\ntev aSn hcmw.
lcnx\maIo\anXpcsNbvhXnp Kpcp
hcpfmse tZhIfpacpsNbvI`qkpccpw
\c\mbv P\np `phn acWw `hnfhp
apcsNbvhXncpI \mcmbWmb \ax (5)
lcnx\maIo\anXpcsNpXn\v ]camNmcycq] lcnx\mcm bW\cp sNbvXncnpI
bm, tZhIfpw `qkpccpw ({_mWcpw) AX\phZnpI. \c\mbn `qanbn P\np acnp
thmfao Io\w P]npXn\v Acpfphm \mcmbW\mbnsmv \akvImcw.
lcnx {io KW]Xsb \ax Fv XpSn kzchyRvP\ {Ian BZycw
D]tbmKnmWv AImcmZn Acame Io\n D]tbmKnncnpXv. lcnx FXv l,
cn Fv ccfmbn KoX cNnpXn\p ]Icw lcnx GImcambnmWv Fgp
Io\ n D]tbmKsSpnbncnpXv. lcnsb ccfpw hnkhpw
sshJcnsb hmI knkzcq]ambn, \mcmbW\mbn ({]mW_oPamb hnjvWp)
k]nmWv Fgp lcnx\mcmbWmb \ax F k]vXmca{n\pw
Io\n\pw cq]w \InbXv. Fgp Hmbn D]tbmKn lcnx sb l cn Fv
]ncnmWv Nne AXn IS]bmZn AckwJybmb 28 ImWpXv.
{ioaqeamb {]IrXo XpSn P\
\msmfw ]calmamb Xs KXn
Pfpw ]e Ignmepanh[n
Ian\pw ]ca\mcmbWmb \ax (6)
P\narXnIfpsS, kwkmcN{Ins hnhcWamWnXv. aqe{]IrXnbn \nv Xz
fpsS DZbtmsS krjvSn Bcw`npp. P\narXnIf hkm\npw hsc (P\\mw = Panm
XmIpI = kmbqPyw) Pohmmhv I]mim _nX\mbncnpp. ]calmamb Xs
KXn, ap]v kqNnnXpt]mse ImemIamb almambbmWv. knXIaw Ahkm \npw
hsc ImemIamb ambbmemWv Pohmmhns KXn. ]ca\mcmbWmb FXv {int
{]tbmKamWv Pohmmhv Hmb \nsbnl csp IXmbn ]mSnbXv apIfn Ip.
As\bp Poh]pcpj \mcmbW\pw cma ]ca]pcj\pamWv. B ]ca]pcpjs\bmWv
]ca\mcmbWs\v Fgp Iv \akvIcnpXv. (Aev]w t]mepw thZmw Cu hcnI
fnen). \ncmImcintemInse ]cminbmWv ]calmamb Fpw ]dbmw.
kmwJyimkv{X]camb Ghpw ASnm\XzamWv aqe{]IrXn. As\ {]knamb
Bibs hfp sIn ]c{_sav hymJym\nph Fgpt\mSv \oXn ]pepn
Fp ]dtbnbncnpp. Zi\ imkv{XfmWv Hmtcm hmn\pw B[nImcnIhpw ({K
) km{mZmbnIhpamb \nnX hnhbpv. thZmsshIrXamWv lcnx\maIo \
ns ]e hymJymImcmcpw krjvSnncnpXv. Cu teJI Ghpw A[nIw _lpam \n
p m\nIfnsemcmfmWv BNmcy\tc{`qj. Fnepw Atlns lcnx\maIo
\`mjyw Fgpt\mSv \oXn ]pepX Fv ]dtbn hcpXn tJZnpp. A
s\bp {Kn\v thZmnbmb kpIpam AgotmSns A`n\\w Gsd tJZIcw.
\mcmbWs\ ]Zns Aw a\pkvarXnsb Dcnv BNmcy\tc{`qj
\Ippv. Ahyamb {]IrXnbpambn tNv krjvSn \Sp ]pcpj F Aw
\mcmbWs\ \man\n. kmwJyw ASnm\amn A{]Imcw Hcw Atlw
\mcmbW\n Btcm]npp. icmNmcycpsS ambhmZmssZzXhymJym\n kmwJyw
IqnpgpXv {int sshIeyamWv. hnhn[ Zi\sf F{X D]cnhambmWv
hymJymImcm kao]npsXXn\v A\h[n DZmlcW lcnx\maIo\ns
hymJym\fn ImWmw. \mcmbWs\ ]Zn\v kmyamb av cv A IqSn
{inv hmb\m Ahv icnsbv tXmpXv kzoIcnpI.
(1) \mcw + Ab\w = Pen Nenph ]pfh\mWv. kqcy]Yns {[phamWv
ZzmZimIrXn ssIsmp hnjvWphns m\w. Cu m\w {Umtm F
]pfhkZriambn \op InSp Xmc]pRvPnemWv. PohcminbpsS izmtkmzmkw
BZnXys AYhm hnjvWphns \nb{WnemIbm {[ph\v {[phamb hnjvWphns
m\n\v PohnXnbpsS aqnbmbn I]\bpmbn Fv IcpXmw.
(2) cmx Bbmn bkvamZm k cmbWx GXn \nmtWm i_vZw \nanpXv AXv
cmbWx. tbmKimkv{X]camb Pohs \nN\am WnXv. cmbWmX\yx AcmbWx
(i_vZanmXv, arXw), \ AcmbWx (\ arXw) \mcmbWx \c\nse {]mWhrnbpsS
DdhnSw kqcy\mWv. Zn\IcayKw \mcmbWw F Io\hcn {inpI. arXw AWvUw
PohbXn CXn ammWvUxF \ncpn A\pkcnpw {_mWvUn \v Poh]IcpXv
BZnXy\mWv. As\bp BZnXy\v B[mcambncn p Pohkzcq]amWv \mcmbW.
K`\mbv `phn P\npw acnpapZ
Itmft]mse P\\mty\ \nXyKXn
XzZv`nh\apZntWsa\kn
\nXyw sXmgmbvhcnI \mcmbWmb \ax (7)
Pohmmhv K`\mIpp, P\npp, acnpp, \opanft]mse W`w
KpcwkwkmcN{Iw Imekz`mhamb ambbm, Im \bnsSpp. Pw Ahkm \n
ptXmsS am{Xta \nXyKXn AYhm tamw e`npIbpp. As\ P\\myw
`hnp Xn\mbn \nnep `n kZm hnv Fpw sXmgm\p `mKyapm I
pXn\mbn \mcmbW\v \akvImcw.
ImemIamb almambbpsS {]h\amWv ]dbpXv. P\\mty \ \nXy K Xn
sbv Hcp hymJymImc hmbnpp. AXmbXv P\\myw FXn\v PfpsS
Ahkm\saXn\v ]Icw acWw Fv Aw ]dbpp.
Wmcnam\n\naWmf ]pcmW]pcp
j `he\mZnlo\\]n
NnneNypX Ifnenp hnf
bmSoSphm\cpI \mcmbWmb \ax (8)
]qhn ]ndhfpsS aWhmf\pw (Xmacsb hncnbnp kqcy) ]pcmW]pcpj\pw
`he\pw ABZnclnX\pamb ANypXm, \osbs a\n Ifnenp Ifnphm
Zbhph\mIWw.
Ahpw BZnbpanm ANypX\mb kmwJy]pcpjs\nbmWv ]cmaiw. BNmcy
\tc{`qj am{XamWv icnbmb ]mTw \Inbncnp Xv. Nnn Fv ]d tijw
a\n Fv BhntXn tm? aWhmf kmwJyZi\n am{Xw {]kamb
XzamWv. {]IrXnv ]pcpj\pw inv inh\pw aWhmf. {_n\v amb
aWhmnbmsWn icmNmcycpsS Zi\w sshXcWnbnemIpw. kmwJyn\v ]Icw
BNmcykzmanI Hcp Zi\w NasXn\mWv? Nne hymJymImcmcpsS hmNI
IkpIfn ImWp kKpW\nKpW ]cn`mjsbmpw BZnicmNmcycpsS
ambmhmZnentm? kmImc \ncmImc {_mhnjvWpcpt{Zizc{]`rXn temIsfms
ims ssZzXZi\ns `mKamWv.
]nfnhngmhsam\nd
annXnv jUm[mcw ISp]cn
hniznXn{]fbkrjvSnp kzcP
kvXtamt`Zcq] lcn\mcmbWmb \ax (9)
at{m]mk\bpsS aqv LsfbmWv krjvSn, nXn, ebw Fv
hntijnnncnpXv. hniznXn{]fbkrjvSnmbn jUm[mc ISv ]X, ]hngw,
]m Chsm \ndw B{KlnXnmbn kzcPkvXtamt`Zcq]\mb lcn\mcmbW\v
\akvImcw.
hniznXn{]fbkrjvSnmbn Fp ]dbpXns tbmK imkv{X]camb Aw
Imbhyqlnse BtcmlWmhtcmlW {Ianep IpWvUen\o kme\amWv.
kwlmcw BtcmlWhpw krjvSn AhtcmlWhpamWv. Cs\ IpWvUen\o kme\w
kmyamIpXn\v a{tZhXmknn AhiyamWv. a{{]mW inIfm DbsSp
IpWvUen\o kns Xebn {Iam\pKXambn Bhn`hnp cXv\fmWv apv,
]hngw, acXIw. Ch IcKXamImsX Bpw Xs krjvSnkwlmcw kmya. \
]mmnv am{Xta Ch InpIbpp. `qan (aqem[mcw) Xpcm kns Xebnse
apsSpmw (amWnIyw) FXmWv IpWvUen\n tbmKns ASnm\ Xzw.
a{knnbpsS ImXemb XzamWv Cu KoXn Dsm nncnpXv. Hcp
a{ns bYmamb Aw B a{tZhX bpsS kmmXvImcaph am{Xta
Adnbppp. As\ a{knn bp hynv [ym\n aqem[mcn CjvStZhX
]m \ndnepw, kzm[njvTm\n ]hng (Npav) \ndnepw, aWn]pcn acXI
aWnbpsS AYhm XbpsS (]nfn) \ndnepw ZriyamIpp. CtX {Ian A\mlXw
(lrZbw) hnipn, BmN{Ifnepw Zriyam Ipp. IpWvUen\oinbpsS BtcmlW
AYhm kwlmc{IaamWnXv. a{tZhXbpsS AhtcmlWw AYhm krjvSn {Ian
Bbn acXIw, hnipnbn ]hngw, lrZbn apv Cs\ hn]coXambn
aWn]pcn acXIw, kzm[njvTm\n ]hngw, aqem[mcn apv (]m \ndw) Ch
ZriyamIpp. kns Xebnse ]nfnhng ]mham amWnIyaWnI
IcKXamIph\v a{knn ssIhcpp. at{m]mk\bnse [ym\ hn[nsbbpw
{]Xnênnp XmWv Cu KoXw.
(1) aqem[mcn ip{` hkv{Xbmb CjvStZhXm AYhm hnZymkzcq]nWn kckzXnsb
(IptpXpjmclmc[hfm bm ip{`hkv{Xm hrXm...) [ym\npI.
(2) XpSv kzm[njvTm\n tZhXsbbpw a{sbpw ]hng \ndamXmbn
[ym\nWw
(3) \mò]n CjvStZhXsb acXI]bmXmbpw [ym\npI. CtX {Ian
D]cnbmb N{Ifnepw [ym\npI.
apv, ]hngw, acXIw Ch incneWnbp kambpw CjvStZhXsb
[ym\nmhpXmWv. apIfn ]d m\ a{{]IrXn A\pkrXambn tZhXbpsS
AYhm kns DZb, eb, hn{imn m\fmIpp.
F{X at\mlcambn a{imkv{Xs tmIn Dfsmnncn pp. A{XIv
hnjaw An\v. hymJymImcmscn C\n Rm ]dbpn. thZmw ]dh jUm
[mcn aqv Ipn hogpphtm? anhcpw ]nfnsb XtamKpWamn Aw
]dbpp. ]sb Idpmp Cu hymJym\w F{Xam{Xw icnbmWv? Fv Imcyambn
NnntXpv. AymcmambWn KpWsfn ]dbptm Idpn\v Idpsv
XsbmWv Fgp ]dbpXv.
ipcmknX ht`Zw ]qp
kXzcPkvXtam\maKpW{Xb
bpbmboSn\ hnjvWpalmamb
inbtm Xh ]Xv\nbmIpXpw...

ChnsS koXmtZhnsbbmWv {XnKpWabnbmb almambbmbn ]dbpXv cmas\tbm
hnjvWphns\tbm A. Nne hymJymXm ]sb \oebmbn Iv `Khms \ndw \oehpw
Npapw shabpw tN XmsWv ]dbpp. D]mkIs Csm hhpw Av
ssIsmmdpsmWv {io. sI.sI ]WncpsS hnZymcw`w hnhcWw hymJym\n
]dbpXv. AknXhw Fv XtamKpWn\v hyambn ]dbptm ]sb
XtamKpWambn Fs\ hymJym\nmw? ]sb Idpmbn hymJym\nm {]amWapsn
kmwJyZi\ {]Imcw \Imhp hniZoIcWw t\mmw. A]w ]mTt`Zw hcpnbm
KoXw
]nfnhngmhsam]c
annhp jUm[mcw ISp]cn
hniznXn{]fbkrjvSnp kzcP
kvXtamt`ZsamSp lcn\mcmbWmb \ax (9)
]Nphvsh Chsbm]cw AXmbXv, aqe{]IrXnv ]camb ]pcpjs\ Cn
hv jUm[mc ISv (Xm{nIamb aqem[mcmZn jUvN{I) apIfnsen KpWssh
jayapfhmn hniznXn{]fbkrjvSn \Sp (kzcPkvXtamt`ZsamSp) ]pcpj\mWv
B{ibw. As\bp B lcn\mcmbW\v \akvImcw.
aqe{]IrXn kzw (]m \ndw {]XoIw), cPv (Nphv), Xav (] \ndw {]XoIw) Cu
{XnKpWfpsS kmaymhbmWv. aqpw Xpeyambncnp Cu Ahbn hnIrXnbn,
kzw, imw. ]pcpj Cu aqe{]IrXnbn KpWsshjayw (Gpdn) Dfhmptm
gmWv kKmcw`w krjvSnnXneb. ]msh krjvSn]qamb kz
KpWmInXnbpw, ] Poh{]] nXnbpw (XtamKpWw) Npav (cPv)
kwlmcmIhpamsWv {]XoImIambn \apv hymJym\nmw. ]bpw
Poh{]]nXnbpam bp _w lcnsb t]cn Xs Aeo\amWv. ]qWambpw
kmwJytbmKZi\]camWv Fgps Io\w. Fgps `mh\ HcnSpw kmwJy
Zi\]camb Xzk]sf AXnewLnpn. ]qWambpw imkv{X\n_amWv lcnx
\maIo\w. hymJymImcm imkv{Xs, AXn\v A[njvTm\amb Zi\sf AXnew
Lnp `mh\ sImv `mjy Nancnpp.
lmkyckw Dfhmp CXchymJym\fn NneXv {inmsX t]mIpXv icnb.
]nfn Fv ]dXv XbpsS \ndamb ] kqNnnpXn\mWv. ]hnghpw ]mepw
Npapw shbpw kqNnnpXp t]mse. Cu kzm`mhnI An\v ]Icw BNmcy
\tc{`qj ]dbpXv, ]nfn Infv ]dphm t]mIp aqeXzw. ]hngw ]m
FnhbpsS \ndw kaambncnp {]fbmh FsmsbmWv. jUm[mcn\v
]t{nbfpw a\pw FmWv hymJym\w. ]t{nbfpw a\pw ISp]cn
FhnsSbmWv thZmw sImsn pI, Fs\ ISmw Fsmpw Atlw ]dbpn.
]nfnsb tmse ]dv ]dv t]mIWw. thZmnbmb {io.Pn._meIrjvW \mb
GXmbmepw jUm[mcs amnadnphm {ianpn. Fgps IrXnbpsS amv
IqphbmWv ChcpsS hymJym\ ]niIpI.
Xzn\pnepZbw sNbvXncp s]mcp
sfoSphm Kpcp]Zmt `Pnh\p
apnp Xsmcp]tZiw Xcpw; P\\
aoSphm\cpI \mcmbWmb \ax (10)
jUm[mcw ISp sNp {]mW kzcPkvXtamt`ZsamSp hniznXn{]fbImc
\mbn hnp lcnxsbbmWv IXv (XzfmbmWv aqe{]IrXnbpsS {]YahnIrXn
I). B lcnxbmWv ChnsS Xzn\pnepZbw sNbvXncp s]mcpsfv hntijnn s Sp
Xv. B lcnxsb {]m]nphm Kpcp]mZsf `Pnh\v apn{]Zamb Hcp]tZiw \Inbm
P\\w Ahkm\npXmWv.
CXv Ign ]Zyns XpSbmWv. AXv icnbmbn a\nemm hymJymIm cm
CXpw a\nemnbnn. cmahpcm Xs imcambmssZzX `mjyn Xz
kmwJyXzfmsWv ]dbpp. ]t, kmwJy Xzv ambmhmZmssZzXn
{]kn bns Imcyw Atlw a\nempn. BNmcy \tc{`qj Xzakn
D]tbmKnmWv hymJym\nphm {ianpXv. hnI]w ]e hn[nemImw. a\v
thZmn IpSpntmbmeXpw ambmtZhn t]mseXs a\pjys\ hepw. {io.Pn.
_meIrjvW \mbcpsS hymJym\w ]Xnsht]mse ChnsSbpw ImSv Ibdpp.
hymJym\fpsS sshcpysn ]dbptm NnecpsS ImgvNmSv AXhcpsS hoWw
FXmWv. AymhnZy ]ehoWfpw ]e A\p`hfpa. A\p`hns Xen
HmIp m\knnbmWv Aymk]cy bpsS ]cnWXn.
Hcp s]mcpfpw Xzhpw ]pcpj\pw {]IrXnbpamWv. lcnx Fm sshJcn AYhm
Xz{KmaamWv. sshIpWvTsa tZh\Kchpw, tZh\Kcnbmb Acamebpw s]mcpfns\
Dsmpp. apnp D]tZiw Kpcphn \npw e`npw. Fm P\\aoSphm
`Khms A\p{Klw thWw. P\\aoSphm\cpI F {]m\bpXmWv tmIns
icnbmb ]mTw.
sb]m]samsbdnhm Nn{XKp]vX\psS
kqenJnXKncw tIp []Xn
sb]ep ZpcnXw ]mpImWpaf
hwt`mcplmXpW \mcmbWmb \ax (11)
ba, Nn{XKp]vXs\gpXnshncnp Fs Iaêns IWv tIv {]mc_v[an\n
sbp _mnbpsv \nbnptm BImin\v Imb (Fmadnbph\mb) \o
XpWbmIWw.
Imes IWn sXnsv \o Ddv hcptWsbv A]w \t_m[tmsS
Fgp ]dbpIbmWv. Awt`mcplms\v `Khms\ hnfnncnpXnemWv Fgp s
{]Xn` hnekpXv. Ins IWn amw hcpm Bpw Ignbn. kqvaico
cn hknp Nn{XKp]vXs\gpXnbXn h ]niIpapsn AXv NqnmWnm
[]Xn AXv icnbmpw. As\ ]nghptmsbdnbphm BmWp IgnbpI? BImi
n\v Imb kqcy`Khm\v. kqcy\mcmbW\pw hnjvWp k]hpw Xnep _w ap]v
kqNnnpIbpmbn. Awt`mcplms\v Ghpw HuNnXytmsS Fgp\nhnsS `K
hms\ hnfnpp. Awt`mcplms\ Xmacs\v ]ecpw ]cn`mjsSppXv
bpnkla. Awt`mcplms\Xn\v Aw`n hfcp AYhm Dfhmb t\{Xsat
Aapp. sFXtctbm]\njXv (1.13) Aw`kv FmsWv hyamp ]cmaiw
ImWmw.
Bm h CZtaI Ghm{K...k CuX temImpkrPm CXn. k Camw temIm\krPX.
Awt`macoNnacam]x...
Cu {ZmhnU (sshZnIs ZrjvSnbn iq{Z) icnbmbmtWm thZw
DcnncnpsXdnbn. GXmbmepw Aw`kv kqcy\pZnp BImins t]cmWv.
{_w ]amWv, XmacbmWv, AXn\m Awt`mcplw {_]hpw kqcy\pamsWpw
]dbmw. []XntbmSv Nn{XKp]vXs ]niIv NqnmWnm ]nb Awt`mcplm
amcpw Xs Bhn.
\{X]wnIfpanp{]Imihpsam
fns ZnhmIc\pZnpbfhp
]oKWw KcpVs\p ssIsXmgpXp
cnsboSpta \mcmbWmb \ax (12)
\{X]wnIsftmse _mlytemIv \nv a\n ]Xnp
C{nbkwthZ\fpw Cp{]Imiw AYhm at\mhrnbpw Hfns, CmXmIptm,
Bkqcy\mb KcpV DZnpp. Bkqcy\mb KcpVs DZbtmsS icocnse
Zi{]mWm (]oKWw) ASnbdhp ]dv (C{nbsf hnv) Bs\ tkhnpp.
ssZzXZi\m[njvThpw tbmKimkv{X]chpamb Bm\p`h ns hnhcWamWv Cu
tmIw. Bm\p`hw knnpw hsc {]mWm a\ns\ tkhnpp. Fm
Bm\p`hw DmIptm apJy {]mW KcpVs\tmse Bkzcq]ambn amdpIbpw CXc
{]mWm ]nI KcpVt\msSt]mse B\njvTcmbnocpp. Cu AhbmWv
tmIn hnhnsSpXv.
cmambWn ]{]mWs at\m\njvTamb Nm]eyhpw B\njvTamb
tbmKiymIXbpw hmbp]p{X\pw hm\c\pamb (Nm]eyw) l\pam\neqsS
Nn{XoIcnsSpp. EapJmNew AYhm Ipc ]md a\pw Atbmy
]pcpj]pchpamWv. cmas IncoS[mcW thfbn Xs amdv]nfv AmanIfmbn
cmas\bpw koXsbbpw l\pam Imncppshtm?
\{X]wnIfpanp{]Imihpsamfns ZnhmIc\pZnp bfhn, FXmWv
icnbmb ]mTw. ZnhmIc\pZns, \{Xhpw Cp{]Imihpw t]mbn F Fgp
]dncnpXv. t\tc XncnmWv Aw. \{X]wnIfpanp{]Imihpsamfnpw
ZnhmIc\pZnpbfhp FmWv cmahpcm ]mTw kzoIcnncnpXv. ]nIsf
Atlw tbmKnIfpw KcpVs\ ]c{_hpw ]calwkhpampp. kqcy tPymXnmWv,
{_amWv XpSnb hymJym\fpw. BNmcy \tc{`qjWpw Hfnpw F ]mTamWv
kzoIcnv hymJym\nncnpXv. {io.Pn._meIrjvW \mbcpsS hymJym\w NhpIq\t]mse
kmlnXyw ]dpt]mIpp.
I Fm hymJym\fnepw sXmb AamWpXv. Fgp\pw hymJymImcmcpw
Xn A\p`hnepw Adnhnepw D _lpZqcsbmWv Cuhn[ hnIe hymJym\
{]XnênnpXv.
aXv{]mW\pw ]c\psamspdh\p
XXv {]mWtZlhpa\nXyw If{X[\w
kz]v\mZnbn ]ehp ImepWhs\m
sSmw {Kln lcnx\mcmbWmb \ax (13)
kzw {]mW\pw (Poh]pcpj) ]c\pw (]ca]pcpj\pw) HmsWpdp h
Pohicochpw If{X[\mZnIfpw A\nXyamsWv kz]v\mZn {àfn \npWhs\tmse
[cnWw. {]mW\pw ]c\pw HmsWdnbp A\p`htmsS tZlm`nam\w \jvSambn
{_kzcq]w ssIhcpp.
Ign tmInse Bm\p`hhpambn _sSpnbmWv Fgp Cu
hcnIsfgpXnbncnpXv.
At]Wsa\kn {io\oeIWvTKpcp
hwt`mcplmanl hmgvpp Rm\Xn\v
AsmcchptamtcmnsXsmgnbn
At]mSptN lcn\mcmbWmb \ax (14)
{io\oeIWvTKpcp Fs a\ns\ ({]Xn`sb) A\p{Klns. kqcy\mcmb Ws\
(ktemIn\pw Imbncnp ]ca]pcpjs\) hmgvp Cu Io\samgnbn A
smchpw hn\yknm Ir]tbIWw.
{]kn tPymXnmkv{X\mb {io.\oeIWvTtkmabm PnbpsS injy\mbncpp Fgp
s\v hmbntXmpp. Cuhn[ [mcWIfpw {_mW_hpw sXmsWv
\nwibw hyampXmWv CsXgpXnb tijw e`n {io.kn.cm[mIrjvWs XoS
ISv Xncpa[pcw F ]pkvXIw. NmXphWyw sImv s]mdpXnapnb Fgp Xan
kn]mccyns] Xmhqcnse \oeIWvT Kpcphns KpcpIpen hnZy
A`yknXns IY {io.cm[mIrjvW hniZambn ]dbppv. \oeIWvTtkmabmPnbpw
Xpsgp\pw Xrnbqcn kaImenIcmbncppsh hkvXpX ]noSv N
sNpXmWv.
AsImmWv Cu ]Zyw XpSnbXv. XpSv AXc IqSn hn\yknmWv
IrXn. FmWo Achn\ymkns Zi\ ]mew?
ap]d hymJymImcm Cmcyn thhn[w {i sImSpnn. aebm f
ns imkv{XZo]vXn, Aymm\hpw A\p`hhpw hfsc tamiamsWtmptm
ssXqb]uWanbnepw a\n\v sshyw A\p`hsSpp. (Ign aIcamkn
Bcw`n Cu hymJym\{iaw Nne {]tXyI ImcWfm XSsSpIbpmbn. ChnsS
]cmainp ssXqb]uan 2005 P\phcn amkw 24/25\mbncpp).
X{imkv{Xw (imw, imw`hw) A\pkcnv i_vZcminabamWv {]]w. Am Znlo\
ambn \S\amSp almtZhs Uacphn \nv DXv]amb Asmv IeIfmWv Cu
i_vZcminpXv. khimkv{XfpsSbpw IeIfpsSbpw {]Yampccq]amWnXv. AxImc
ns K`n \nmWv hnizhpw kIeimkv{Xfpw ]ndnpXv. A AIpe\mb
inh\pw x hnkKw hnizh]pmbn ]cnWan inbpamWv. A apX Axhsc ]Xn\mdp
kzc N{s ]Xn\mdpIeIfpw inkzcq]hpw I apX hsc apnbv
hyRvP\ AYhm enwKmc inhkzcq]hpamWv. A apX hsc Cs\ A
smv Acfpv. A apX l hscbp AXv Ac (Alw) tNv _oPm
pccq]nWnbmb ]cminbmbn hW]Za{IemXz`ph\ P\bn{Xnbmbn hnfpp.
inhinanYp\]nWvUamb Cu NnamWv aqe{]IrXn. inh apX nXnhscbp ap n
bmdp Xzv aqe{]IrXn amXmhmWv. Cu k]a\pkcnv Asmc PK
mXmhmb {Xn]pckpcnbpsS Ansbmp IeIfmWv AYhm AhbhfmWv. ]pcpjs\
IonpXns\mw PK\\nbpsS Asmv IeIsf hn\yknnv, Io\s
amXrImtZhnbmpIbmWv Fgp. Xm{nIamb inssNX\ys Xs Io\n
BhmlnncppXn\mWv AsImv Kpcphns (kzw Kpcphpw ]caKpcphpw Bb \oeI
WvTs\bmWv {]mnXv) A\p{Klw tXSn samgn XpScpXv. HmwImchpw (`qan) F
Iqchpw Hgnm NXpxjjvTn (64) tmIfmWv BsI. Adp]n\men\v X{nep
{]m[m\yw kphnZnXamWv. 64 X{fpw tbmKn\namcpw IeIfpw (]Xnmemw tmInemWv
Kpcph\w) Cutcgp]Xnmev temIsf, AhbpsS krjvSnsb As\ Fgp kvacn
pp.
ChnsS Hmw `mKw Ahkm\nppthm?
tUm.]n.sI.\mcmbW]nbpsS XzZo]nIm F hymJym\w F\nv ImWphm
Ignn. Fm BNmcy \tc{`qj Cu hymJym\w kw_nv ]dbp A`n{]mbw
A]w N BhiysSpp.
Cu tmIw lcnx\maIo\ns {]Ya`mKw kam]nnp XmsWv
]qhymJymXfn am\\ob tUm.]n.sI.\mcmbW]n t]mepw A`n{]mbsSpp.
XzZo]nI F hymJym\nse Cu A`n{]mbw AkzoImcyamWv. Fgps
Imeambtmtgpw hnZymcw` kwkvImcw t]mepw Cs Acnsbgpmbn. Acnbn
FgpXnv hnZymcw`w \nlnp ]Xnhv FmWv DmbsXv Adnbm hgnbn.
Kpcpm\ob {_NmcnWw AxIrXzm {_Nmcnsb hnZymnsb Xs K`n
Bhmlnv ]qWqsep ]dbp btm]hoXw sImSpp ]Xnth `mcXob
Kpcpinjy]ccbn Dmbncppp...
Cu \ncoW sXmWv. lcnx\maIo\w Hmw `mKw ChnsS
Ahkm\npXmbn XzZo]nI FpsImv ]dbpp?
tUm.]n.sI. \mcmbW]n shdpsX Hcp Dulmt]mlw Fn\v XncpInbWw?
FpsImv ChnsS `mKw Ahkm\npp Fv Atlw hniZoIcnpnsn IqSn,
As\ Hcp ]mccyhoWw \ne\nncpXv Atlw Dcnpshv IcpXpXmIpw icn.
BlXy sshJcohm\mw kwJym k]vXNXzmcnwiXv `hXn... AXmbXv B apX
l hsc sshJco kwJy 47 BIpp. Achpw AhbpsS Ahpw Xn t`ZapXmWv
Cu sshJco nXn. XpcobhmWn Fpw Chbvv t]cpv. l Fn hntij
hn[nbm DsSpnbnnsXn\memWv kwJy 47 BIpXv. almamXrIm]oTa\pkcnv
Hmmcw aqpw ]iyn 11Dw DssS ]XnmecfpsS (Kp]vXhmWn) tmI ChnsS
Kpcph\ tmsS Ignbpp. Xpcobsa {]tbmKn\v hmIvNXpjvSbmnIm
knamXrkzcq]w F k]nse ]cm, ]iyo, ayam, sshJco F hmKvtZhXbpsS
\memw Lw F AamWpXv. XpcobnXnbpsS hmWn Fan. Fgp
ChnsS Kpcph\w sNpXv FpsImv FmtemNnm e`np Dcw CXmWv:
Kp]vXhmWn ISv XpcobhmWn Bcw`npw apv Io\m cw`n Kp]vXhmWnv
{]mcwàmbn Hmmch\w sNbvXXp t]mse XpcobhmWnv ]c{_amb, Hmmcaqnbmb
Kpcphns\ B Bcw`npw apv hnppshXmWv. HmmcmKXcmb {Xnaqn Ifpw
Acw, b{w a{w tZhX Chsbmw Kpcphnt\mSv XmZmyw DhcmWv. Acfn
a{s {]ISampXv KpcphmWv. Kpcp iw`phmWv .
KImcknnZx t{]mtm tc^x ]m]ky ZmlIx
DImcx iw`pcnXypx kv{XnXbmm KpcpkvarXx
KImcw knn (KtWix)bpw cImcw ]m]s \innp Anbpw DImcw iw`phpw
Cs\ aqv BXzsf Kpcp hlnpp.
{iohntZym]mk\v kam\ambn lcnx\mcmbWs\ A[njvTm\ amnbp
knamXrIm]oTamWv lcnx\maIo\w. KpcpIr]mbn At]Wsa A\bpw
Awt`mcplm h\hpw im `mh\bpsS \mahyXymkap ]Iv am{XamWv. Hmw
AJWvU aWvUemImcw hym]vXw tb\ NcmNcw CXymZnbmb Kpcph\w
HmnnpXmWv Awt`mcplm\p \akvImcw. a{P]n\v apmbn \mò]n
heXpssIshv kl{kmcn inhin `mh\ sNbvXv hmKv`h IqSamb sFw 108 Dcp
P]nv kakvX tZhXm[n]\mb iw`phns\ ]caKpcphmbn hcntXmIpp.

`mKw 2
XpcobhmWn

BZycnepfhmsbmnsXmsbpan
XmZycnenXSpXpw IcpXn
BZycmhenbntemtcmsSpp]cn
IonXncpI \mcmbWmb \ax (15)

A A\pc AImcw (AXn\v apv asmn) F BZycn \npf hmbn
AXn Xs ebnp HmWv temIw. Cu k]stbmv BapXep Ac
D]cyp]cnsbSpv Ionphm IgnbpXn\v \mcmbW\v \akvImcw.
CXv BsImp ]ZyamWv. BBZnbmb AcmhenbnsemtcmsSpv, FmWv
{]tbmKw. hymJymImcmcmcpwXs icnbmb ]mTtam Atam \Ipn.
im]mccyn Acmhen inkzcq]amWv. ]ca]pcpjs\bpw {]IrXnsbbpw lcnx
\mcmbW \mbpw Acmhenbmepw {]Xn\n[oIcnpwhn[w Io\w cNnpI bmWv
Fgp sNpXv. BNmcy \tc{`qj ]dbpXv
krjvSypXv]nbmWnhnsS {]tabw. BZycw F {]tbmKw auenIambn HcpXcw
hymJym\amWv. EtKzZnse \mkZobkqw ]ns Hu]\njZnIamb kZkZv h\
XpSn Htsd njvShpw PSnehpamb {]tabfmWv Cu tmInse {]Xn]mZyw. FmWv.
Cu BibtmSv tbmPnm km[npn. EtKzZkqfpw
]c{_kmlnXyhpsamsbp hymJym\fmWv Cu tmIs IvfnjvShpw
PSneampXv. tbmKn\olrZbhpw ImaIemhnemkhpw hmbnnphv Cu tmIn
bmsXmcphn[ njvSXbpw A\p`hsSn.
ChnizaXpan{mZntZhIfp
atphnIsfmsSmpw {XnaqnIfpw
At{KhncmSv]pcpj\n aqeachp
tammbv htcWanl \mcmbWmb \ax (16)
Cu temIsbpw, C{mZntZhIsfbpw, kqcyN{An Xpeycmb {XnaqnIsfbpw,
Fmn\pw apn hncmS]pcpj\p aqeamb {]Whsbpw a\ntemphm A\p{K
ln\mbn \mcmbWs\ \akvIcnpp. {]Whmcn (Hmmcw) \nmWv hncm Sv]pcp
js P\\w. Hmmcw aqe{]IrXnbmWv.
{XnaqnIsfn ]dbptm AXv AssZzXthZmatm? XpSp BJym\w
Zi\ {][m\saXnt\m `n{][m\amWv. P]w tbmKa{imkv{X]camb A\pjvSm\
amWv. thZmkw_amb Nbn {]knbphb. Cu ]Xn\mdp ]Zyv ]ptcm ln
X]]mXnIsfgpXnb hymJym\ t\mnbm Fgps\ thZmnbmm \Snbncn
p IpnX{iaw t_myamIpw. BymhnZy sshZnIhpw thZmhpw am{XamsW {]Nm
cWw `mcXNcn{Xnse Ghpw henb anYymk]amWv. ITn\amb ]Z Rm hnai\
n\pt]mtbmKnXn\v Bt]apmImw. BNmcym CmXv Dsv ]dbpIbpw D
Xns\ CmXmn ]dbpIbpw sNpXv icnb. Cu BNmctZmjmemWv {ipXn
Ifnenm A[x]X\w kvarXnIfn ImWpXv. kvarXnImcmsc ]nXpS Hcp thZm n
bmbncpp Fgps\n Ccp]XmaXp tmIw lcn\maIo\nepmIpambncpn.
sshtemnn FgpXnbXpt]mse
HcpsIm P\nsmcpsaw hcpsne
h\ {_mWs\smc]hmZw hoSpw
Ft]msebp ZpXnbmWv Fgp\pw lcnx\maIo \n\pw DmbXv.
lcnx\maIo\w As\ thZmhpw Fgp Nmekv{Xov Znhy{_mW\nepmb
]p{X\pamsW IYmIY\w AXpXs. ]ptcmlnXhns Cu \njvTpcXsbbpw
bYmhkvXpXIsfbpw XpdpImpXmWv {io. kn. cm[mIrjW s ]pkvXIw.
CuhtamlaIsetmhXnp ]p\
cohapsmcp]tZifnenpeIn
PohpIrjvWlcntKmhncmaXncp
\masfmsmgnsI lcnx\mcmbWmb \ax (17)

tamlfmWv Bm\p`hn\v XSambn \npXv. AXn\m
tamlsfbIpXn\v amw thWw. Pohs Cu njvSXv IrjvWlcntKmhncma
Fns\ Xncp\maP]w AmsX av D]tZisfmpw temInen.
ChnsSbpw AssZzXw ]dbpp hymJymImc\mb {io.Pn._me IrjvW \mb.
{io\mcmbWKpcphns\ imcmNmcycpsS hmen sIp Atlns
{io\mcmbWKpcphns kqIrXnIfpsS hnIehymJym\w `mjm Cnyqv
{]knoIcnnpv. GXv hcnpw Hcp]pdw AssZzXw F ssienmc\mWv. tamlw
hnpamdm ambhmZthZmnI FhnsSncnpt\mnbmepw ambmPmew am{Xw.
{_m\nIfmb Ah Fn\v P]nWw?
tamlfmWv a\n hnI]w krjvSnv a\ns\ hymIp eampXv. hnI]
ZqcoIcWn\v \maP]w am{XamWv hgn F D]tZiamWv tmIns DSw.
Dn I\ aZamcysanhI
fptmcpImeanZsamInepw a\kn
sNmpXmcp Xncp\masfh\p
\qhgnv KXn \mcmbWmb \ax (18)
Imat{Im[mZn aZfpw ac_pnbpw sImv Dw \nd Cmev a\n
Xncp\maw P]nph\v \hgnv KXnbpmIpp.
17,18 tmIfnse hnh, \maP]w, a\xkw_amb tbmtKm ]mbamsWv ChnsS
hyamIpp. KoXw 17 se tamln\v ssZzXhn{àw Fv Hcp hymJymXmhv AYw
]dncnpXnse bpnbnmbva ChnsS hyamIppv. P]nv AssZzXm\p`qXn
ssIhcppshv ]dnv ASp tmIn Dnse aZacmZn PoXIsfn
]dbpXv icnbmIntm?
Ducnpth Kpcp`mc thXnp _X
\ocnpth \nPZmc thXn\v
\mcmbWmNypXltcsbXnsmcph
\mshms thq lcnx\mcmbWmb \ax (19)
\maP]n\v eIme t\m, Kpcp th, av `mcsfmpan, Pew th,
`mcy th, \mcmbWmNypXltc Fv P]npXn\v Hcph\v \mv am{Xw aXnsbtm,
\mcmbWm \n\mbn \akvImcw.
EXphmbs]n\panc\pw ZmlI\pw
]XnXpanbP\w sNbvX `qkpc\pw
lcn\maIo\ansXmcp\mfpampapc
ScpXmX lcnx\mcmbWmb \ax (20)
Cu lcnx\maIo\w Hcp\mfpw Bpw sNmcpXm. CXv Xonb s]n\pw,
sXnpw, NWvUme\pw, ]XnX\pw, Antlm{Xnp thWsan Ah\pw Fpw Ftm fpw
P]nmhp XmWv.
{ipXnIfpw kvarXnIfpw thZmhpw t]msebnXv. {ipXnkvarXn _amb thZmam bn
cpp CXns DSsan Cu Io\s kmP\o\ambn {]kvXmhnphm
Ignbpambncppthm? {_mWy ns {]Xm]n\v Iogn ]Xn\mdmw \qmn Pohnn
cp Fgp\v Cu hcnIsfgpXphm\p t{]cW thZmw \Insbn av {_mWv
Acsamcp AssZzXmht_m[w NnkzmanbpsSbpw {io\mcmbWKpcphnsbpw Imewhsc
FpsImv Dmbn? BKam\kzmanIfpsS hochmWnbn ImWp AssZzXtLmjWw
Atln\pw icmNmcypw CSbn Pohnncp {_mWta[mhn Iv FpsImv
e`yambn? Cpw icmNmcycm m]nXamb aTfn \ne\np
NmXphWyhyh, PmXn\njvTamb BNmcy]cc, imcmssZzXnse
BNmcy]cc,Iminbnse NWvUmes\ ad {]XoXnbt DmpXv?
ssihmKanIamb m\hpw imm\p`hhpw D]tbmKsSpn
]utcmlnXyhnsemXpn \nncp \mcmbW k]s (]cm{XkwlnXsb)
IqSpX P\IobampXn\p {iaamWv \mw Fgp\n ImWpXv. thZfn \ntm,
D]\njpfn \ntm D Hcp DcWn t]mepw lcn\m aIo\nen.
Ccp]smmaXp ]Zyn\v thZmnI Imcyamb `mjyw \Ipn. hcnI {in
pI
Eut`mjs\p Nne `mjnnepw NneI
fnmhsbp ]dbpXmInepw a\kn
Bthm \apv Xncnbmsbpdp Xncp
\ma sNmI lcnx\mcmbWmb \ax (21)
t`mjs\pw Ifnmhsbpw ]m]nsbpw hnfnptm, AXv Xncnnsbv \Snv
a\n \maw P]nv \SpXn\v \mcmbWs A\p{KlapmIWw.
CXchcnIfnse Bm\p`hstmse Fgps Xnm \p`h]camWo hcnI.
thZmnIfmb `qkpccn \npw t\cn A]am\s Xm Fs\ t\cnpshXmWv ]d
ncnpXv.
\pQvamZn tNsmcp s]mcpw \n\bvp
aXPnXs \maKWaXn\npth ZrVw
HcptImSntImSn hI Xncp\maaphbn
ecpXmXn lcnx\mcmbWmb \ax (22)
\p, Q, a Cs\ AcmSnm\n a{n\v knmcn tImjvTw A\pkcnp
s]mcpw t\m \mcmbWs \maKWn \mhiyan. tImSntImSn Xncp\mafphbn
AcpXmXmbn Hpan.
Ccp]ncmaXv ]Zyn\v a{imkv{X]camb hniZoIcWw BNmcy \tc{`q j
hniZambn \Inbncnpp. icnbmb ]mTw GsX ktlw DfhmpXmWv
hymJymImcm \Inbncnp tmI. {io.\tc{`qj \Inbncnp ]mTt`Z
ASnm\ ambn icnbmb Aw hcp ]mTamWv ChnsS kzoIcnncnpXv. Aw
icnbmnbtm hrw t]mtbmsbXv hnZzmm ]cntim[n dnbnm \mbncnpw.
\pImcamZnapXembnp Rm\panl
ssIIqnhoWpS\ncpp \mYs\mSv
GIm`nbItahpZnXnp
sshInsXplcnx\mcmbWmb \ax (23)
\p inhin GIo`hXzns kqNIsa \nebvv AImcw XsbmWv.
AXn\memWv \pImcamZnapXembn Rm ssIIqn Ccnpw GIm`n sshInsXp
\mcmbWm Fv Fgp tNmZnpXv.

Fppcmalcn cmKmZnt]mbnSphm
s\pnXmdp]SntIdnSXnp
Ipw angnncnpsmtc\nebn
semhX lcnx\mcmbWmb \ax (24)

cmalcncmalcn Fns\ cmKtZzjmZn hnImc \opXn \mbn P]npp.
AXpt]mse, `qan, An, Pew, hmbp, BImiw, a\v Cs\ jUvN{Im[njvTambncnp
Bdv Xzsf ISpXn\mbn P]w XpScsh kam[n ssIhv (GIm`nsb nXn)
P]nm\m ImsX Ipw angnncpp t]mIpp.
BNmcy \tc{`qjWpw {io.inhmchnw Pn._meIrjvW \mbcpw Cu KoXw
\Ipn. sshZnIkwkvIrXn FImcw CmXpsImv Fgps
FImc{]tbmKs FUnv sNbvX XmImw. sImSpq tZhn _pv mfns Io\w
aqenenXp ImWphm Ignp. P]tbmKamWv Fgp ]dphXv. cmKmZn
t]mbnSphm F Fgps {]tbmKw tbmKimkv{Xnse hnI]ipn F
AhbpsS XaamWv. hmKv`hw, ImacmPw, in Cs\ {XnIqSfnepw bYm{Iaw
AnkqcytkmamIambn \mZw Dv. Dtcmcamb IqSfn ebnp \mZw
{`qaynse inIqSnsepw hsc kv]jvSa. kucyelcn \Ip bpn {]Imcw
t\mnbm alm]h\nep {_c{n\pw {`qay n\p atybp
NnZmImin IpWvUen {]thinptmgmWv \mZw {ihyamIpXv. Cu \mZ{ihWtmsS
sshJco P]w (qew) Ahkm\npIbpw (FmhX...) tbmKn
AapJ\mbnocpIbpw (Ipw angnncnpsmtc\nebn..) sNpp. Cu
nXnbmWv Fgp at\mlcambn hyampXv. tbmK, a{ imkv{XfpsS
AhKmlanmsX, tbmKo{\mbncp Fgps KoXsf icnbmbn hymJym\nmhnsv
Cu KoXw hyampp. Hns\mp _s P]tbmKm\p`h]camb KoXfmWv
lcnx\maIo\sa ASnm\ hkvXpXv \nZm\amWv Io\ns t]cmbn
sshJcnbpsS knamXrImkzcq]amb lcnx FXv \mw {inWw.
GImtbmKnIfnemImw]qp ]c
taImsahgn t]mIpnsX\hpw
ImI ]dp]p\c t]mbhgn
t]mIpt]mse lcnx\mcmbWmb \ax (25)
A_amb hymJym\ am{XamWv ImWpXv. GIm tbmKnIsfv Fgp
kqNnnpXv P][ym\cmPtbmKamn eqsS ]ctaImnXnbmb kam[n ssIh
]ca lwktbmKnIsf nbmWv. thZmhpambn Ahv _sampan. ssZzXtbmK
Zi\sf Ahew_nv AssZzXm\p`qXn ssIhcnhcmWh. imcambmhmZn \npw
hn`namb imimw`h]mccyap hcmWv Ah.
Ign tmIns XpSbmWnXv. GImsa hgn F {]tbmKw \mw
{inWw. {XnIqS Ignv alm]h\ n {_c{nemWv am\kkcpw
AIpe]hpw ]ca Kpcphmb kphlwkhpw tbmKnv ZriyamIpXv. {`qayn
\npap lImcw, tc^w, CuImcw, _np, AN{, \ntcm[nIm, \mZw, \mZmw, in,
hym]nIm, ka\m, D\m Fns\ ]{v IeI ISmWv ]ctaImamb hgn
AarXhjnWnbmb ZzmZinse pXv. ]ctaImamb Cu hgnbn {XnIqSfpw
(ss{XtemIy taml\w, kknnIcw, ktcmKlcw) \ntcm[nImZn ISIfpw DXmbpw
efnXm ]ctaizcnbpsS A\p{Klaphv Ah tkXphmbn amdppshpw X{imkv{Xw
]dbpp. kucyelcn bnepw Cu Bibw {]ISamWv. tmIw (21)
XSntJmX\zow X]\iinsshizm\cabow
\njmw jma]yp]cn Iaem\mw Xh Iemw
alm]mShymw arZnXaeamtb\ a\km
almx ]iytm Z[Xn ]cammZelcow
{`qayn \npw apIfntep hgnbmWv an]nW t]mse
hnkqcytkmamIambn ImWpXv. arZnXaeamtb\ a\kmFXv apv kqNnn
hnI]ipn hcppIbmWv (cmKmZn \miw), almx FXv ]ctaImw Xs.
hnI]\miw h a\psImv ImWp hcmWv GImtbmKnIsfXv a\nemWw.
`qkcpmscv A`nam\np {_mWcpsS AssZzXA[chym bman \nv
`nambn kn]mccyw ]npScm\mWv Xs hmk\sbv Fgp ]dbpp. Xan
ssihsshjvWh kncmWv ChnsS ]dbp GImtbmKnI. Fgps Kpcphmb
\oeIWvT Xs sshjvWh]cm{X ]mccynep ]calwktbmKn
Bbncpncnm\nSbpv. GImtbmKnsbp ItXmsS Hcp hymJymImc KoX D
cnphsc thZm N sNpp. thZmw ]TnmWv `mcXn tbmKnIfpmbsXn
thZmn\v ]qKmanbmb I]ne kns\ ]calwktbmKnsbv hntijnnpambncp n.
]ctaIm sa hgnbpXv ssihmssZzXnemWv. imcmssZzXnIv Fp hgn?
kz]v\n \npw DWm t]mtc? IbdXv ]mmWv Fv ic ]dXv am{Xw
P]nm aXn {_kXyw PKnYym...!
sFpapapS\mdpsapapS\
sapapSs\aqptagpaY
sNmtmsSmcpanh csmp XzaXn
tahp\mYPblcnx\mcmbWmb \ax (26)
Cu KoXhpw icnbmbn ]ecpw hymJym\nnn. sFv 5 x 5 = 25 FXv IhKw
apX ] hKw hscbp Av hfpsS kam\amb Xz{KmaamWv. ]`qX,
Xm{XI, I mt\{nb, a\v, Almcw, _pn, {]IrXn, ]pcpj ChbmWv.
Ap XpSv thtd ]dbpp i apX hscbp Ac {]Xn\n[m\w sNp
{_]Iw almambm, iphnZym, Cuizc, kZminh, in Fv X{n
{]knamWv. sFv t]mse sFmdv hymJy\nm \apv sXpw. ImcWw Fgp
KpW\]nIb ]dbpXv. kn`mjbpw ]ZmhenbpamWv Cu KoXfnepXv. sFmdv
Ant\msSmw BdpXv AXmbXv ]{]mW\pw Bdv N{Ifp amWv. samw 11 Fw.
XpSv Fpw Asapw (8 x 2)Fv ]dbpXv AjvScmK AYhm AjvS`mhfpw
([wA[w, PvRm\wAm\w, cmKwhncmKw, sFizcywAss\izcyw) AWnamZn
AjvSknnIfpamWv. Hcp hymJymImc Fp IcWfmWp ]dbpp. As\ Hcp
\nN\apmImw ]t kmwJyimkv{X ]cambn IcW ]XnaqmWv. AXn\m
Fgp ]cmainp Xv 8 IcWf. ]noSv hcpXv aqns KWw Fpw Ggpw
Apw (tImi) cpw Hpw BsI 96 XzfmWnh. kmwJy imkv{Xnepw
ssihZi\nepw Ch {]JymXamWv.
{io.\tc{`qjs sshZnI hymJym\w \IpXv 115
XzfmWv(25+5+30+8+8+24+7+5+2+1=115). Cuhn[samcp Xz \nmcWw
Zi\fnsempan. KWnXmI kqvaXtbmsSbmWv kmwJytbmKZi\sf
Fgp Xs Io\n knthin nncnpXv. thZmnenhbvv bmsXmcp
{]knbpan. DZmlcWn\v thZmn `qXfpsS {]knsbmWv? `qX sfbpw
{]mWsfbpw AdnbpXv tbmKnbmWv. tbmKamKns kz`mha\pkcnv , Xzk ]
]eXv \nehnepv.
]nWvUmWvUm`hamb Xzsfn hniZambn inh]pcmW n ImWpXv
]`qXm\n Xm{Xm]Iw C{nbmWn N
mt\{nbmx ]ssh XYm It{nbmWy]n
XzKmZn[mXhx k]vX ] {]mWmZn hmbhx
a\mlwIrXnx JymXnKpWmx {]IrXn]pcpju
cmtKmhnZymIemssNh \nbXnx Imex Gh N
ambm N iphnZym N atlizcx kZminhu
in inhXzw N Xzm\n {Iatim hnZpx
]rYzoPewAnhmbpBImiw Fo `qX (5) ckw
kv]iwKwcq]wi_vZw Fns\ `qXmhew_nbmb Ap Xm{XI(5), Ap
hoXw m\It{nb (10), k]vX[mXp (7), {]mWx, A]m\x, kam\x, DZm\x,
hym\x Fo hmbp (5), a\\inx, Bin, m\w, kXzcPXtam KpW, aqe
{]IrXn, Poh, Cm, hnIev]m\w(10), apqnAdp]Xv kqcy IeI (360), \nbXn, Imew,
amb (tamlin) (3), apn{]Zamb m\w, ctPmKpW]q\mb krjvSnImhv,
krjvSnnXn Imhmb kZminh, inx, inh (5) Cu {Ian hnZzmm Xzsf
]dbpp. Cu Xzfn k]vX[mXp `qXfnepw, {]mWmZnI hmbphnepw, Almcw
a\nepw, m\w hnZybnepw, KpW {]IrXnbnepw, {]IrXn inbnepw, ]pcpj
atlizc\nepw, kucIe Bm\nepw, \nbXn inbnepw, Imew atlizc kZminh
Xzfnepw, in Bm\nepw, inhXzw kZminh\nepw A`hnncnpp.
AXpsImv, Xz `qXw (5), Xm{X (5), C{nbw (10), a\v, amb, Bm\w,
atlizc, kZminh Cs\ Ccp]mbn KWnsSpp. aqem[mcw apX
BmN{Iw hsc tbmKicocn a\phscbp Ccp]smp Xzfpw
kl{kmcn tijap \msehpw tNv Bm hmbn `hnpp ]hnwi Bm
`hXn. ]hnwiXn XXzmIambn Bmhv kl{kmcmhew_nbmbn \nptm,
a\mZnbmb GIhnwiXn Xz BmZn jUvN{Ifn {ItaW A`nhy amIpp.
Cu jUm[mcfpsS qeqeXcm`nhynbmbn \mUohebsbpw icocsbpw
tbmKnI Adnbpp.
Fgps NnmcXv\sa IrXnbnepw Xz{]Xn]mZ \apsv {io._meIrjvW
\mb FgpXpXv {]tbmP\Icamb hnhcamWv. AssZzXn icmNmcy Htc Hcp
Xzs am{Xta AwKoIcn ppshpXv a\nemnbm Fgps BhnZy
kmwJysa I]neknZi\n A[njvTamsWv a\nemmw. Fgps Ghpw
{]knamb cmaIY Xs hmoIn cmambW ns Xangv BJym\w Ahew_ambXpw aqecq
]n kmwJyZi\ns {]XoImI BJym\hpamWv. CuhkvXpX tPymXn{In
hniZoIcnnpv.
BNmcy \tc{`qj hniZambn Xzsf {]Xn]mZnp pv. Fm csmn\v
(2 + 1) ]pcpj, {]IrXn, aqe{]IrXn Fv ]dbpXn\v ]Icw krjvSn, nXn, ebw Fv
\qX\ XzmhnjvImcw \nlnncnpp. kmwJyZi\amWv Fgp ]dbpsX
kXys Hfnpshm\p {iaamWnXv.
HsXzanXptZlns\mhn[
sapnXmpsamcp t`Zw hcmsX `phn
ays P\ne ]m]w shSnoSpIn
sepp tamaXn \mcmbWmb \ax (27)
Hs Cu Xzw (Bmhv) Ihmk\m_amb qe tZlfnsemw
bmsXmcp t`Zhpw IqSmsX \npp. Iw bnp tm (]m]w shSnbpI) a\pjys
kqvaicocw (Pw = enwKw) AYhm enwKicocn\v tam{]m]vXn DmIpp.
csmv XzanXv Fv aptmIn sNmnbXns XpS bmbmWv Hs
Xzns hniZoIcWw. cmahpcm am{XamWv Cu tmIw \InmWpXv. F,
H ChbpsS tmIsf Nne XnfXns \ymbw ]nSn Inpn. Fgpt\m
henb ]WvUnXmcpw {_m\nIfpamWv Xsfv Nne IcpXppmIpw.
HmXpp KoXIfnsXmanXnp s]mcp
tfsXp ImaXn\p t]mcm at\m_ehpw
GXmInepw Xh ln ImcpWyanp aa
km[nthq lcn\mcmbWmb \ax (28)
HmXpp KoXIfnsXmw ]t Cu KoXv s]mcpsfs kmmXvImcn\v
at\m_ew IpdhmWv. GXmInepw \mcmbWm \ns ImcpWysampam{Xta Cv F\nv ssI
htcXmbpp.
Cu Io\nse KoXsf IpdnmWv ]cmaiw. Zi\w ]Tnmw, AXns\n D]
\yknmw, KoXsfgpXmw, Fm As\bp i_vZtLmjfpsS bYm s]mcpsf
msWv A\p`hndnbpI tbmKamKn ITn\amWv.
HmXpp KoXIfnsXmasX s]mcp F ]mTt`Zap] tbmKnv D]\njmck
kzamb KoXIsf sImphmWv Hcp hymJym\w. aebmfnv _pnsIp t]mbn, C\n Chsc
]utcmlnXynsbpw imcmssZzXnsbpw sXmgpn sImsa AXn_pnbp
BfmWv Cu hymJymImc. BNmcy\tc{`qj icnbmb ]mTw \IpXmWv apIfn
\InbXv. thZmn Alw {_mkvansbv Iw ]dncpm aXn. thZmm \p`h
n\v kXykXbpmbncppshn AssZzXthZm Imc\mb ics tIcfw PmXnn
imNpfpsS IqcmIpambncppthm? A\p`hns amKnse ITn\bXv\w ]ptcm lnX
hKn\v Adnbn. lcnx\mcmbWmb \ax Fv icnbmbn P]np t]mepw Hc\ \S m
AdnbmhcmWv Cv X{nam. Fgp ]cakXyhm\mWv. Atlw Xpdp ]dbpI bm
Wv. Rm\nsXmssbgpXn, ]t, CXns s]mcp Fsv X{neqsS Adnbphm th
at\m_ean. at\m_eansmWv Fgp ]dbpsX Imcyw {inpI X{amKw,
XzfpsS A\pkm\w tiIcamb I]YamWv.
IpWvUen\oin BmN{Iw ISpIgnm ]noSp
{_mhnjvWpcpt{ZizckZminhXe D]cyp]cnbmb ihmk\ ns amamWv.
]cn]qamb hnI]ipnbmWv \mZns Cu Xesf AXnPohnpXn\v
BhiyambnpXv. ]cm{XkwlnX I Cu ]ShpIv hyXykvXamb t]cpI
\IppmImw.

HuZpw_cn aiInptXmpanXn
aotX IZmNn kpJansp XXv ]cnNp
tNtXmhntamln\n hembvI amb Xh
tZtlmflsahbn \mcmbWmb \ax (29)
Angn sImXpIn\v CXn]cw Hcpw kpJw Hcnepw DmIbns
tXmpXpt]mse \ns ambbm F\nv tZlm`n am\w DfhmmXncnpXn\mbnsmv
\mcmbWm \akvImcw.
Awt`mPkw`h\patmSp \on _X
htmlhmcn[nbnsetStamp aa
ht]Sn ]mcanh\tmSSmbzXn\p
apt sXmgmaSnI \mcmbWmb \ax (30)
Xmacbn ]nd {_mhn\p t]mepw henb tamlSen
\otnhtXmptmfpmIp henb t]Sn FtmSSpm Xncnphm \mcmbWm
\ns ImeSnIfn At]mSv \akvImcw.
ambm[o\\mbnmWv {_mhv krjvSn sNpsXmWv ChnsS hywKyw. ImcWw
ImeanmsX krjvSnbn. Imekz`mhamWv ambm Xzw. AXn\m Imew XsbmWv
htmlhmcn[n. {_t{]Xw hnjvWptemIn ambm[o\\msWXns kqN\bpw ChnsS
e`npp.
Amihpw hSnbpambvsmPmanfs\
ap]mSp sNp Ibdntmcp Incsc
]n]mSp sNY XSptmcp\mhscbp
atmse \uan lcn\mcmbWmb \ax (31)

I]mihpw ImeZWvUpambn APmanf\v Ibdn ImeIncsc ]nmse sNv XSp
\ns \mhsc \mcmbWm AhnSps sbt]mse \akvIcnpp.
IjvSw! `hms\sbmcp ]mWvUy `Pnf
hKkvtXy\ \o _X i]nnsXn\nl
\t{IW ImY ISnnp ]nsbpa
tXmmhX lcn\mcmbWmb \ax (32)
KtP{tamw F ]pcmWIYbmWv ]cmainsSpXv. ]mWvUycmPmhmbncp
C{Zypav\ hnjvWphns\ X]p sNbvXp hcnsI AKkvXy\m i]nsv B\bmbn.
XpSv B\bpsS Imen Hcp s]mbvIbn shv apXe ]nSnIqSn. Bbncw hjw B\ B
\nebn X]p sNbvXp IgnmWv \mcmbW B\sb cnXv. `\mb C{Zypav\s\
tinn Imcyw HmmhXsv ]dbpIbmWv Fgp.
B\ kwkmcnbmb ]pcpjsbpw apXe C{nbkpJnsbpw {]XoIamsWv
cmahpcm ]dbpp.
JSzmwKs\ [cWoip ImsImcp
aplqt\ \o KXn sImSpm\psaphn[n
H \nIfnIfntmse Xfn
hncpfmbXpI \mcmbWmb \ax (33)
]mWvUys\ Bbncw hjtfmfw IjvSsSpnb \o kqcyhwin bmb JSzmwK\v
aplqw sImv apn \Ims\mWv kwKXn? sshcpyam \ns IfnIfns\
[mcmfaptXmpp.
Knph Pcmks\mSp bp[n
sNmsmsS \nXn\pt]mcm \n\v _ew
Amcn[u Zl\_mWw sXmSpXp Xn
fnXnpaXn \mcmbWmb \ax (34)
KtmSpIqSn h Pcmks\ t\cnSm _eanmsX ]na Xocp ZzmcIbntev
HmSntmb \o {iocmamhXmcn An_mWw sXmSpv hmcn[nsb Xnfnp. {]Xyn
Chbpw \ns eoeIfnse sshcpyfmWv.
LmX]w Ipfn\nemshv XnsbmSp
sNt ]dp \nP]Xv\ow ]ncnfhp
XsncpamgvInp arKmnIsf
hrmh\neY \mcmbWmb \ax (35)
{iocma\mbn Imn `mcysb \jvSsp Idsh Ipfn \nemhv sImSpwshbnemsWv
A\pPt\mSv ]dp ]cnX]n \oXsbmWv hrmh\n arKmnIsf hnclnWnIfmn
B\nXv.
D]mk\bpsS Hcp Ln ]pcmWIYI ASnm\ambn CjvStZhXtbmSv
(\mcmbW) \Sp kwhmZamWv Cu KoX.
Mm\w IWsbpfhcn\pan
Xq\w hcpnsbmcp \cnp _X
Iqt\mcp\mcnsb at\mmwKnbmnbXp
samsbmfp inh \mcmbWmb \ax (36)
cmknbmb iq\JbpsS \mknImtOZw evaW\m sNn {iocma\pw
(A\p\mknImcfmb M, R, W, \, a ChbpsS DmcWn\v sshIeyw \InbXpw)
Ip_vPsb kpcnbmnb {ioIrjvW\pw HcmfpXssbXp \ns eoeIfnse sshcpys
ImWnpp.
Nn]qpISnmWpw apdpnbpS
\n{mPpbp[n tX]qn \obPnX
sNt adsmcpicwsImp sImXp
samcn{mPs\ lcnx\mcmbWmb \ax (37)
{ioIrjvW\mbn Ap\s\ C{]p{X\v tXsXfn AP\mb \o XsbmWv
asmcp C{]p{X\mb _mensb cma\mbn HfnbsbvXv sImXv.
OXzamp I\t]mse \ndpeIn
Nnp \nlnabmpw XncnbvcpXv
Ap ImXns\ hmgvpp amap\nI
sfs{X tXmn lcnx\mcmbWmb \ax (38)
NmcwNqSnb Xo\ t]mse temIsapw Nnp \ns alnabmcpw
]qambdnbpn. AXmXp Imev ImWpXns\ almap\nI hmgvpXnsemXpn
\npp \nsnbp Adnhv. Cu ]cnanXnbmWv apIfn ]d \ns eoeIfnse
sshcpysf s\nv tXmpp.
Ppfpn hnekoSpp \npSb
_w hnSmsX ]cn]qm\m kXXw
XuaWn{]Ict`Z t]mse ]c
sasp PmXanl \mcmbWmb \ax (39)

NmcwNqSnb I\t]mse PpfpsSbpn Bkzcq]ambn Fmmepw
hnfp \mcmbWm, NcSn tIm hnhn[cXv\ t]mse FsmanhnsS PmXambn
ImWpp.
QwImc\mZanh tbmKo{cpnepan
tXmXp KoXIfnepw ]m]tbm[nbnepw
BImi\oenabnepsammbv \ndcpfp
am\cq] Pb {io\mcmbWmb \ax (40)
Qw F \mZambn A\mlX N{Inepw Cu lcn\ma Io\nepw ]memgnbnepw
BImi\oenabnepw \ndcpfp B\kzcq]\mb {io\mcmbW Pbns!
Rms\paoizc\nsXpw ]nffhp
m\Zzb ]eXpmbXnp alm
tamlw \nanw, CXpt]mIpw {]ImcaXp
tNXnemI aa \mcmbWmb \ax (41)
ChnsS ImWpXv hyamb kmwJy]cmaiamWv. almtamlw \nanw FXmWv
icnbmb ]mTsav a\nemm kmwJyXzsfn Adnhv thWw. ]v almtaml
kmwJyXzamWv. ChsbbmWv cmambWn hmoIn cmhW\mbn Nn{XoIcnncnp Xv.
Rms\pw Cuizcs\pap, Cuizc\n \npw ths]v ImWp t`Z_pn almtaml
mepmbXmWv. AXv amdpw hw Fs a\n A[nhknpXn\v \mcmbW\v \akvIm
cw.
XpSp cv ]Zyv icnbmb Aw {]NenXambn ImWpn.
Sw IpcwKhpsaSpnp ]mXnbpS
iwJpw cYmwKhpsaSpnp ]mXnbpS
GImcw Xh ln cq]w \n\h\p
t]mIpp tamlaXp \mcmbWmb \ax (42)
agphpw am\pw [cnp ]mXnbpSepw iwJpw N{Ihpw [cnp ]mXnbpSepw tN i
c\mcmbWs\ Hmph\v tamlsamgnv ssZzX_pn amdpp. C{Xbpw Imcyn Xw
C. ]t, ChnsS GImcsav ]dncnpXv Hmmca. GImcw A\pc A Im
camWv. Hmmcw {Xbw_IamWv: {Xnam{XI = A + (D + a), inh\pw inbpw, Hmmcnse
D + a, Da inbmWv. _mnsbmw \mcmbW\pssS AImcnsemXppp.
ChnsS ]dbp ic\mcmbWcq]w AImcamsW hkvXpX ASp tmIn IqSp
X hyamWv.
Tmb KoXanh \mZ{]tbmKapS
t\I{ipXosemcpant]mse ]cw
GImcnenXSpp khpan
XmImi kqvaX\p \mcmbWmb \ax (43)
KaIcmKmZnI {ipXnbn ebnpXp t]mse ({ipXnIeIfmsWXp t]mse), PK
{Xbw ]cw GImcamb AImcn ebnpp. AImcn \nmWv ]Xzfn
BZytXmb BImins Bhn`mhw. AXpsImmWv ]cw GImcw (A\pc
AImcw) BImikqvaX\p Fv ]dncnpXv.
Uw`mZntZmjapSs\pw Ifp lrZn
apt] \nPmk\apdtI\mUnbpsS
Iw Ifv \nebmdpw ISXnv
Xp Xo lcnx\mcmbWmb \ax (44)
Uw`mZn tZmjsfpw Ifv lrZbw \neamn, kzmk\ nencpv
tbmK\mUnbmb kpjpav\sb ]cn]menv hmbpIw (Cfw) Xov jUvN{It`Z\n\p
XS \mcmbWm \onbmepw.
VmarZwKXpSnXmf t]msebpSt\m
manXnebnsetStamp aa
\npX a\amfm\_Icn
XoIt]mse lcnx\mcmbWmb \ax (45)
tbmKmcqVnXnbn A\mlX[z\nbpsS hmZytLmjw DSs\ tImsatmp
a\v \npn. sInbnncnp B\ Xo IXpt]mse a\w NesSpp.
WXzw hcpw ]cnNp Ihy]mbanl
aty`hnnepaXnsnepw Ina]n
XzmZnbn ]capZntmcp t_m[aXp
Nnt hcpp aa \mcmbWmb \ax (46)
tbmK]Yn, Iw bnmepw Csnepw inhXzw ssIhcpp. Xzv
BZnbmb t_m[kzcq]ambn Fs Nnw amdpp.
42 - 46 ]Zyfnembn {]tXyIw {int Hcp Imcyapv. lcnx\mcmbtWm]mk\sb
\m]Xn Fgp ic\mcmbtWm]mk\bmn amn. \m]nsbmn B ic\m
cmbWs\ AImckzcq]amn, {io`qX\mY\mn D]m knp. XpSv 42 - 46 tbmKm \p`hw
]dncnpp. `qX\mY\v tbmKamKnep {]kn
AJne`ph\Zo]w tbmKNnm_vPkqcw
inhKW]cntkhyw XzakymZn eyw
tmIw 47 {inpI
XzmanaJnenpapp _X
i_vZfpn hnekoSpp ]mneY
apnv ImcWatX i_vZsap Xh
hmIy Xs lcn\mcmbWmb \ax (47)
FmWnXnsbw? hfsc ckIcamb hymJym\ {]Nmcnepv. i_vZsap
tIXp sImv sshZnI{ipXnbmsWv AYnem BNmcy \tc{`qjs `mjyw.
asmv Cs\ Nnnm ImWsSp kIeXnepw hkvXpkbmbn PKZo iz c
nXn sNppshv ImWmw. Fmepw kqnm i_vZpn t_m[hkvXp {]I S
ambn hnfppsv Adnbphm Ignbpw. AXpsImv hyamb hkvXpkmny ap
i_vZw XsbmWv tamn\p tlXpshp `KhZv hN\fmb thZ Xs {]Jym ]np
p. ]cam_fmWv Cuhn[ hymJym\.
sshZnI{ipXnbpambn, thZfpambn Fgps ]Zyn\v bmsXmcp _hpan.
IpWvUen\otbmKn IpWvUen\n DWcptXmsS ImemIamb ambmin Ipdbpp.
As\ tbmKmIamb Nnn Xz Hsmmbn {]ISamIpp. ssihZi\] c
amb apnbmdp Xz tbmKnv {ItaW A\p`hambnocpp. Chsbmw i_vZm\p` h
a. Fv i_vZfpw `qtXmZbfpw {]mW\n kqcys 360 IeIfpw, N{s tjmU iI e
Ifpw Kpcp]ZnjvSamb amKn ss[cytmsS aptdph\v A\p`hamWv. Cs\bp
Xzm\p`hs s]mXpsh XpSamb i_vZw sImv hntijnnncnbmWv. Cu i_vZ
sfs\ apnp ImcWamIpp? Xzm\pkm\w kmyampXv jUvN{IfmWv. Cu
N{Ifn AYhm ]Zffn {Xn]pckpcn AcmnIbmbn hnekpp. i_vZI em abn
bmb {iotZhn jUvN{It`Zw sNbvXv kl{kmcnseptm tbmKn kmbqPyw A\p`hnp
p. Xzmambn ]Zffn hnfp Asmv am{XIfmWv Dn hnekp
Xmbn ]dbp i_vZ.
XzmZnbmb t_m[kzcq]w tbmKnv ssIhcptm kXn\pw Xzmambn
\nesImp \mZ{_w {]ISamIpp. jUv]Zffn hnfp B Asmv am{X
IfmWvv AYhm in kzcq]amWv apnv hgnsbv \mcmbWm \ns hmIy ]dbpp.
]XRvPensbbmWv ChnsS Fgp \mcmbWkzcq]ambn ImWpXv.
tbmKkq{XfmWv ChnsS ]cmainsSp hmIy.
YnpaosX ]cansptamXnbpS
s\mtcmSpw IpXdn hmt]inbpw k]Zn
XnpdsSpalw_pnsImp _X
sImpp \o Nnesc \mcmbWmb \ax (48)

ClPohnXamsX ]cambn Hpansv hmZnv IpXdn \Sphsc AhcpsS
Alw`mhm Xs \o sImpp.
Zw`mbhcaXnpn \np Nne
sImpw Xgh[nbnm ImbvI\nbpw
AtmSXncnIn hmbvpX _X
\n]mZ`neX \mcmbWmb \ax (49)
Zw`mb hcw, a\pjys Im]Syhpw Almchpw Xgphfv ImbvI\nI t]dn
\nptm \mcmbWm, \ns ]mZ`nbpsS tXhnv AXnSpsmpw
Xfnm\mIn.
Cu tmIn\v ImWp ]mTt`Zw {intXmWv.
Zw`mbhcaXnpn \np Nne
sImpw Xfnh[nbnm ImbvI\nI
At]mSSpcnIn hmgmbzXnp KXn
\n]mZ`n lcnx\mcmbWmb \ax (49)
50, 51 Cu KoX Hcpanphmbnptmtg Aw ]qWamIbpp.
[t\ymlsapaXnamt\ymlsapaXn
]pWy sNbvX ]pcpj Rm\nsXpaXn
H ImsImcpsImSpwImSv Uwàb
samnp IqSnbXp \mcmbWmb \ax (50)

\mbv Zlnsmcp kl{kmc[mcbnen
Xon \nIcpWhmcns]bvXp ]p\x
apw apf Xh `np tN hf
ant Ir]m\neb \mcmbWmb \ax (51)
Rms\ _pntbmsS, [\y\mbn, am\y\mbn, ]pWyhm\mbn kzbw k]np hs
bpn Uwàbamb Hcp sImSpmSv hfcpp. As\bp sImSpmSv tbmKm
\mbv Zlnpmb Nmen, kl{kmc[mcbm apf `nv \ns IcpWbpsS t]amcn
sImv Ct hfw tNpI.
]eXpw]dp ]I Ifbp \mhp Xh
Xncp\maIo\anXXn\mbv htcWanl
IenbmbImeanXneXpsImv tamKXn
sbfpsXp tIq lcn\mcmbWmb \ax (52)
P]tbmKamWv IenImen apnv hgn Fv kqNnpIbmWv Fgp.
hymJym\w Bhiyanm hn[w kcfamWv Cu KoXw. A[nIamb kwkmcw A
cWns Nm]eys ImWnpp. \maP]amWv As\bp Nm]eyn\p acpv.
êanbmsX aa hiamsmemPKXn
aeaq{Xamb XSn ]e\mfncpnbpS
AfhnbmsX shfnhItabpZnXnp
IfbmbvI Imean\n \mcmbWmb \ax (53)
êsampanmsX aeaq{Xamb icocw ]ePsfSpp. C\nsbnepw
IjvSsSpmsX Afhnm Bm\w \In A\p{KlnpXn\v \mcmbWm kabw
IfbmXncnpI.
shfnhv FXn\v Xangn Bm\w F Aapv. shp\mSv F
hphtm\mXncnbpsS tZi\mahpw shfnhpambn _sXmWv.
_pfKrl]p{XmZnPmeaXn
_nhpeIn \nXzsamsbnXv
ApImnsbmcp ImSnt]mse hcp
samsmem aa N \mcmbWmb \ax (54)
_p, [\w, Krlw, ]p{XmZnIfns\ euInI _\ nemh\v \ns
Xzsfms A\v Imnb ImSn t]msebmWv. B nXn F\nv hcmXncnphm
\mcmbWm \akvImcw.
`nXnp Kplt]mse ]nf apJw
Atm! IrXm\nl ]nt] \Sp ]p\x
Hp ZqcapcsmsS ]nstbmcp
kw IWs lcnx\mcmbWmb \ax (55)
Hp XhfbpsS ]nmse thKnengsp ks t]mse Ime\nXm
hmbpw ]nfv Fs ]nmse hcpp.
an hnl ]ndpsXmp ]p\
sctmp hmMva\ktZl sNbvXXpw
FnntaeneXpsamw \n\p lrZn
ktmjambv hcnI \mcmbWmb \ax (56)
`qanbn P\n\mfpsXmp hmmepw a\mepw icocm epw sNshbpw C\n
taen sNsSphbpsamw \n\v ktmj ambnpffXmbncntW \mcmbWm Fv
{]mnpp.
Nne hymJym\fn Nnnv kzbw ktmjnm (\n\p lrZn) IgnbtW FmWv
{]m\ ImWpXv. Fm ZpjvSmcpw AXmsWtm sNpXv. AXn\v {]m\
thtm? Xmm sNpXv `Khms Dn ktmjamIpXn\t {]mntXv?
bmsXmp ImXXp \mcmbW {]Xna
bmsXmp tIXXp \mcmbW{ipXnI
bmsXmp sNbvhXXp \mcmbWm\I
bmsXmsXms lcnx\mcmbWmb \ax (57)
CuimhmkyanZw kw F A\p`hamWv Cu KoXn \ngenpXv. ]ca`\mb
Fgp ImWpXpw tIpXpw sNpXpsamw \mcmbWabamb nXn.
chntImSnXpeysamcp N{Iw Icnenl
^WncmPs\tmgpancnm InSXn\pw
AWnbpsXms h\amemZn IukvXp`hpw
Altah hnjvWpX\p \mcmbWmb \ax (58)
tImSnkqcyXpeyamb N{Ihpw h\amemZnIukvXp`hpw [cnv kcmPs\
InSbmp hnjvWphns icocw AlamWv. AlsaXns hnhA apX l
hscbp Acfm {]Xn\n[oIcnsSp hnizns krjvSnnXnbmWv.
imZi\w AYhm {iohntZym]mk\bpsS ImXemb inhin a{kzcq]amWv
Acmhen Bkv]Zamb Io\cN\v Fgp\v t{]cIambXv. Alsa
{]tbmKns AXew
AImcx khm{Kyx {]Imix ]cainhx
lImtcmyx Iemcqt]m hnaimJyx {]IonXx
Fm Acpw BZnbmb AImcw {]Imiw AYhm t_m[kzcq]amb
]cainh\pw (ss`ch) lImcw tjmUi kKIem nIbmb ]cminbpamIpp. Cu
tmIn `nbn \npw Io\mhkm\n hopw Xzfntev hcnIbmWv
Fgp. XpSp KoXn CXv IqSpX hyamIpXmWv.
e{]ImcanXp krjvSnXnpanXp
cnXnpaY innXnpanl
hnt]mhcWaocpinIfXn
tpZnhI \mcmbWmb \ax (59)
Al Achnymkamb e{]Imcw sshhn[yam {]]s
krjvSnpXn\pw cnpXn\pw ]noSv innXn\pw km[\amb hnt]w BhcWw
Fo cv inI Aln \npZnphbmWv.
KoXw 58 Ahkm\nnXv Altah hnjvWpX\p lcnx\mcmbWmb \ax FmWv. KoXw
59 hnt]mhcW inIsfn ]dbpp.
hZ\w \apv inJn hk\ kyIfp
apZcw \appZ[n DetIgpcpanl
`h\w \app inh \nanj cm{Xn]I
Altah hnizX\p inh\mcmbWmb \ax (60)
kqcy \apv apJw AYhm kqcy\mb hnjvWphn\v An apJw, hkv{Xw kyI,
DZcw DZ[n, ]Xnmep temI `h\w, \nanjfmWv cm{Xnbpw ]Iepw Altah hniz
X\p \mcmbWmb \ax FXmWv icn.
Altah hnjvWpX\p hnjvWphns icocw Rm\mWv Fv ]dtXmp sImv
CXn {inWw. BNmcy \tc{`qj, ]mTt`Z \InbXv hfsc A\p{Kl am bn.
inh\mcmbWs\v ASp tmIn ImWpXv Cu tmInepw bpsaq tXmn..
ImcWw, A\pc AImcw apX l hscbp AXv Acfn hnizw A`hnncn
pp. A Imcw ap]v 59 ]dbs hnt]inbpw lImcw BhcWinbpw BWv.
hnt]mhcWv aty hnizw \ne \npp. imkv{XadnbmsX Dulmt]mlw shv
Fgps Zmi\nI IrXnsb hymJym\nhsms A_w ]n Fp ]dtbnhcpp.
Fgp\v thZmhpamtbm. imcmssZzXhpamtbm bmsXmcp _hpapmbncpns
Xns kqN\I lcn\maIo\amsI \ndp \npp.
inv Xhgnbnw `Pnp`phn
XymtZlZrVhnizmktamSp _X
`ym ISp XhXrm ]nSnXn\
bpsXp inh \mcmbWmb \ax (61)
Alsav kqNnn 50 AcfpsS hnizh]pv in kzcq]amWv. inv
XhgnsbXneqsS 50 AcfpsS D]mk\bmWv hywKyw. jUm[mc]fnembpw
kl{kmcnepw Cu 50 Ac inkzcq]ambn \npp. \nXyw Atcm]mk\
sNph\p inh tZlm_pn \min\p ImcWamIpp. tZlm`nam\w \innv `n
\In \ns Xrm icWw {]m]npXns\mWv AbpI?
in, inh Fo]Z Cu KoXn Hcpanp hcpXv {inWw. insb
D]mknph\v inh tZlm`nam\w CmXmn `n \In sshIpWvT{]m]vXnv
tbmKy\mpp.
jssUzcnIv hnfbmn\mcpXp
Nnmw_pPw aa Xhln km\cwKanXp
X{Xm]n \nXyhpsamcnencpcpI
hnssizIhylcn\mcmbWmb \ax (62)
Imat{Im[temàZtamlamcy \ns A\pkm\ cwKamb Fs
Nnmw_pPs kv]incpXv. AhnsS \nXyhpw Hcn CcpcpfpI, AXn\mbn
hnssizIhy\mb \mcmbW\v \akvImcw.
\njvIfw Xw hnPm\obmXv jUqanclnXw inhw [ym\nepd a\pjyklPamb
jUv]oUmclnXamb \nchbh \nclwImcawKfab t_m[amWv {_w. Cu {]amWw shv
t\mptm hmk\m]camb Imat{Im[mZnIf Fgp Io\ns Ay`mKv
Dtinncn pXv. Altah hnizX\p F A\p`hw ]dnv temàZtaml
amcysfsmn tinptam? apnamnse jssUzcnI, jUqaox Fv
{]knamb (]oUI) {]mW ImcWambn DmIp (1) hniv (2) Zmlw, a\v
ImcWamb (3) ZpxJw (4) hn{àw, icocm[njvTamb (5) Po\w (6) \miw AYhm acWw
ChbmWv.
kXyw hZman aa `rXymZnhKaXp
aw If{XkpXan{Xsfnhbpw
Hs XzZWaXmop Rm\panl
Xrm hoWp lcnx\mcmbWmb \ax (63)
Fs `rXymZn tkhIscbpw [\w `mcym, IpnIfns\ kXpw kXyambpw
\nnenv Rm\nXm \ns Im hogpp.
lc\pw hncn\panXacm[n\mbI\pw
adnbpX Xh adnamb X alna
Adnhmbv apX Icfnsemcpt]mse\ncpfpw
]cPoh \o sXfnI \mcmbWmb \ax (64)
inh\pw, {_mhpw C{\pw \ns ambmalna Adnbpn. Adnhmbn Nnn
\ncpfpw ]camssNX\yamb \o Fn sXfnw \IpI.
fXzw `hnnXp eImcn\cnNp
Xzw \n\bvnsemcp PohXzapp Xh
Ip s]mWnhnfst]mse lrZn
\np \mY! Pb! \mcmbWmb \ax (65)
eImcn\p fXzw h t]msebmWv NnnpIn Xz kzcq]amb \ns PohXzw.
lrZbn Ip s]mWn hnfs t]mse \np \mcmbW Pbns!
cnbmsXmccaXntpZnXnXp
en]ntbgpacasXpcp P\w
AdnbmhX Xh k]vXmcky s]mcp
fdnbmdpamI lcnx\mcmbWmb \ax (66)
\mianm Acw aqe{]IrXnbn \npZnXmWv lcnx\mcmb Wmb F Ggv
en]nIsfv P\w ]dbpp. ampw AdnbmhXm Cu GgcfpsS s]mcp
\mcmbWm F\nv AdnbpamdmIWw. a{tZhXm kmmXvImcamWv KoXnse hnjbw.
IcpWm]tbm[n aa Kpcp\mY\nkvXpXnsb
hncthmSp]mp ]nghgnt]mse XocpI
ZpcnXm_v[nX \Sphn adnbphp ]c
samcpt]mXambv hcnI \mcmbWmb \ax (67)
ImcpWyhm\mb Kpcp\mY Cu kvXpXnsb ]cntim[nv ]ngI Xov
A\p{KlnpI. ZpcnXSen s]hv \mcmbWm Ghpw Daamb cmbm\ambn
\mcmbWm, \o FWw.
lcnx\maIo\n\v t{]cIamb imhnZybpsS em\ 67 F tmIkwJybn
ImWmw. A Acmhen X{n amXrIm ]oTsav {]knamWv. Cu
a{alm]oTns LS\ sshJcn = 47, a[yam = 9, ]iyo = 11 Fns\ BsI 67
BIpp. 68 GsXnepw Hcp tmIw {]n]vXamsWv ]dbmw. AYhm Ahkm\ tmIw
Io\ nse hmhenv _mlyambn k]nv ê{ipXn tNXmImw. ASp
Imendnb {]kn hymJym\sfms 66 Fw am{Xta \Ippapp. CXv Xopw
sXmb Io\cq]amWv.
aZacmZnI a\n sXmSmsX P\
anXpsImv hmgvpI \appw KXnp hgn
CXptIXm\nsXmcpsamgnXm]Tnh\pw
]Xnbm`hmw_p[nbn \mcmbWmb \ax (68)
aZacmZnIfnmsX \a\tmsS Cu Io\m P\w `Khms\ hmgvpXv
F\npw Ahpw tamn\v hgnbmWv. CXnsemcp KoXsanepw tIht\m ]Tnht\m
\mcmbW Ir]bm `hkmKcn hoWebpn.


A\p_w 1
BhnZy thZmw am{Xtam?
thZmw am{XamWv BhnZysbv hcpnom\p Hcp IpnX {iaw
tIcfn hjfmbn \Spp. {ipXnI (thZfpw D]\njpfpw) ]dbpXv
AssZzXthZmamsW A_[mcW ]cphm\pw Nne {ianpp. {ipXnIfn Nmm
I\phsc Dcnphm ]nb hmIyfpv. thZm Zi\sns ]qWambn a\
nemmsXbmWv Alw {_mkvan sb almhmIyhpambn thZmnI Acp XIp
Xv. kaqlns A\`nPvRX ImcWw thZmsa t]cn Fpw FgpXn hnSmw F
[mcWbmWv kao]Imepmb Fm thZm{Kfnepw ]T\fnepw ImWpXv.
Aym hnm\n\v Bcv sXfnhv BhiysSpw? As\sbmcp nXn hmepw
IpXns lnamebamb ambmhmZs Iqp ]nSnv Fs\ sbnepw am\w cnmw
FXmIWw NnecpsS at\mKXn. Zi\fpsS imkv{Xobamb A]{KY\anmsX
a{]knoIcWfnse sNdpIY Itfm IjvSambn thZmw ]dbpXv Bimkyatm?
Antlm{XneqsS kz{]m]vXnbmWv thZ A\pimknp kZvKXn. Cu
kZvKXn \Inbncp sshZnI {_mWs ssZhfmb Anbpw C{\pw hcpW\pw Cv
PohnpXv ]mgvknIfpsS CSbnemWv. `mcXn inhIpSpw_amWv ssIemkw apX I\ym
Ipamcn hsc Bcm[nsSpXv. sshtijnIw, kmwJyw, tbmKw ChbmWv inhhn`qXnI fmb
IWmZI]ne]XRvPemZn almap\nam \apv \Inb BymhnZym]camb Zi\.
Chsb Npnn DmbhbmWv _uZi\hpw thZmhpw apw. {_m\p`hns
{ipXnIfn ImWp kmysmw DdhnSw tbmK[ym\\njvTamb ]mccyamWv. CXc
am\hNcn{Xn Xs Zpeàmb tNX\m sshinjvSyns Hcp LamWv
AYP\I_pmZnIfpsS Imev ImWpXv. Cu tNX\m sshinjvSyn\v Pknw,
tbmKknw Fv cv kmyXItfbpp. {ihWa\\\nZn[ymk\w EjnamcpsS AYhm
tbmKnIfpsS _unIamb hymbmans hnhcWamWv, A\pjvTm\ns ]qWamb
IYb. knp kckzXo kwkvImcns apJap{Zbmb ]ip]Xntbmfsanepw
]gapXmWv A\mZnbmbn {]XysSp tbmKhnZy. `mcXn am{Xa
ay]uckvXytZipw {Konepw {Ionepw tbmKimkv{Xw {]knambncppshXn\v
sXfnhpIfpv. hfsc kp]cnNnXamb DZmlcWamWv FkvIpte]nbkv (Aesculapius)s
IYbpw Atlns KcpVZWvUpw.
Atmtfm AYhm kqcytZhs aI\mb FkvIpte]nbkv knsshZyw A`yknXv
[\zcnbpsS (Centaur or Chiron) ASpmWv. B[p\nI sshZyimkv{Xns Nnamb
winged staff FkvIpte]nb kns KcpVZWvUmWv. tacpZWvUhpw AXn Npn hcnbp
cv k fpw NndIpIfpw {]mW{]XoIamWv. CU, ]nwKf, tacpZWvUn\v
ayhnbmb kpjpav\, izmk{]izmk, AarX hmlnbmb KcpV Chsb
knthinnXmWv Cu Nnw. aqew \{Xw (aqem[mcw), IpWvUen\o, tacpZWvUw,
[\pcmin, tbmKmarXhmlnbmb KcpV ({]mWkqcy) Chv
tbmKtPymXnximkv{Xfpambn At`Zy_apv. sshZnIImeLns kwlnXIv
A\cambn {]XysSp CXnlmkIrXnI, BZnImhysav hnJymXamb cmambWhpw
alm`mcXhpw AhbpsS aqecq]n tbmK tPymXnx imkv{XXzfpsS {]XoImI
IYmIY\amWv. cmambWnse IYm]m{X krjvSn kmwJyImcnIsb
{]XnênnppshXv \nmcamb Imcya. CXv hfsc Kl\ambn Nnnt
ImcyamWv. `mcXIYbpw BymnIam sW almPnbpsS Ghpw bpn klhpw
imkv{Xobhpamb \nKa\s CcpWn \mw Hmt XmWv.
{]amW{Xbm[njvTamb `mcXobamb imkv{Xksb BIam\w anYyhXvIcnpXmWv
icmNmcykzmanIfpsS hnh ambmhmZw. ùXnIamb hnZysbsmv Bj`mcXn
Dmbncpn. BymnI eyamWv khm\kmZ\ n\pw DmbncpXv.
aqe{]IrXnbpsS ]cnWmaw khZi\fpw AwKoIcnp {]amW{Xbm[njvTamWv.
B[p\nI ùXnI imkv{Xhpw {]]tmhs hnhcnpXv kmwJy ImgvNmSneqsSbmWv.
Cu ]cnWmas Fs\bmWv \ntj[nphm IgnbpI? ]gbImev, tbmPn
ZrjvSm sImv kaqls Fpw hnizknnmambncpp. Cv AX nXn.
]cnWmaamWv Pohs _nXamb Ahv ImcWw. Cu ]cnWmas
AXnPohnph\mWv ap. B[p\nI imkv{X ns shfnn tbmKimkv{Xnse
apnk]w Ghpw imkv{Xobambn A\p`hsSpp.
aqe{]IrXnbpw krjv Snbpw
Poh{]]apfhmp hnkvabamWv BobXbpsS tlXp. Imehpw temIhpw BWv
Poh{]]w PKXv, Poh, Cuizc AYhm ImeKXnv ImcWamb in. Imfn
hnizh]pmbn ]cnWanpXmbm Wtm Xm{nIk]w. Chsb t_m[Xen
Dsmm\p {iaamWv Pnmk. bpnIfneqsSbmWv a\ns AXmbXv NnbpsS
{]h\w. {]bpsS Almcw Xm\pw _mlytemIhpambp klPoh\ns
A]{KY\w \SpXmWv {_Pnmk. ]nWvUm WvUhpw {_mWvUhpw Xnep
_unI kwhmZw.
]qWaZx ]qWanZw ]qWmZv]qWapZNytX
]qWky ]qWamZmb ]qWtahmhinjytX
krjvSnbpsS BymnI {]amWamWnXv. Abw B {_w = Cu Rm {_amWv.
XXv Xzw Akn = B ]qWw \obmWv. cpw HmsWv Bcpw ]dbpn. CXv BymnI
imkv{Xns `mjbmWv tamamKw. kmtXnI]ZfmWv D]tbmKnsncnp Xv.
apnkm[\amb A\pjvSm\coXnbn \nv Dcpncnp hXmWv Cu ]Zmhen (Process
oriented). ]nWvUmWvUamb \o {_amWv. FpsImv? tbmKnIv am{XamWv Cu
tNmZyn\v Dcw \Iphm IgnbpI. Imes a\nemnbnv Cu tNmZyntev
hopw hcmw.
Imesa {]tlfnI
Imens, Ime{]hmlns Zni B[p\nIimkv{Xn\v Xs Hcp {]tlfnIbmWv.
FmWv ImcWw? NXpam\{]]n {Xnam\t_m[Xehpambn PohnpXpsImmWv
Imew {]hmlambn A\p`hsSpXv. CXv _s HcpZmlcWw sImv hyammw. \mw
tXmWnbn bm{X sNpXv Zznam\ XeneqsSbmWv. AXn\m tXmWn thKn aptmv
\optm Icbnse hrsfmw ({Xnam\Xeamb Dbcw) ]ntmv HmSn adbpXmbn
A\p`hsSpp. \mw BImiv ({Xnam\Xen) \np t\mnbmtem? ZriyamIp{X
Zqcn {Xnam\Xew HmSntmIpXmbn tXmpn. AXmbXv, t_m[Xen Hcpanv
\ne\np Xz Xn {]hml {]XoXn C. Imew {]hlnpp AXnsbw,
t_m[Xen\v _mlyamb Xew \ne\nppshmWv. ImeKXnbn, temI
]cnWman kw`hnpXv tXmWnbm{X t]msebmWv. ]cnWmas AXns A apX
l hsc \apv Htc kabw ImWphm Ignbpn. ]pgt]mse AXv \ne\npp. F{X
Dbcn \mw t]mIppthm A{Xam{Xw A[nI\ofn ]pg ImWm Ignbpp.
tXmWnbn ]ehn[ {]iv\fpmImw, ]t AXn \nv NmSm ean. sshysn
sp Imcyw?
A apX l hscbp ]cnWmaKXnbn, AXmbXv Imehmln\n bn \psS
tXmWnbmWv, , asbp t]cp `qan. Imehmln\nbmWv tiv ImcWw. CXn
\nv {_ntev NmSpI imcocnIamtbm _unIamtbm kmya. ImcWw, Hscm
Bnfpw acn \nv apIfntev t]mIpn FXp t]msebp Hcp {]] \nbaw.
Imehmln\nbn \np apnv km[\w \o XsbmWv. XXv km[\w Xzw Akn = XXv
D]mbw Xzw Akn FXmWv XzaknbpsS icnbmb Aw. CXv hnizknphm
{]bmkamsWv tXmphv thn efnXambn hniZoIcWw D]tZinsXmWv
]qWaZx ]qWanZw.
tamtm]mbw {_mWvUw = ]nWvUmWvUw F {_hnZym
kq{XneSnbncnpp. Imehmln\nbneqsS Xnco\ambn t]mbmsepI Xzsfmw
hnebnp aqe{]IrXnbnemWv. aqe{]IrXn hn{Pw`nXbmbtXmsSbmWv (BIGBANG Fv
B[p\nIimkv{Xw Cu kw`hs hnfnpp) Imehmln\n {]h\aambXv.
Imehmln\nbpsS {]h\amWv ambm`KhXn. aqe{]IrXnbpsS, ]cminbpsS
hnizh]pmbp ]cnWman in hnLSnv ]pcpj\pw {]IrXnbpw F cv
Xzfpmbn. ssihmssZzXhpw ssZzXhpw ChnsS {]ISamWv. B[p\nI ùXnIimkv{X
]coWfnepw inbpsS ]cnWXn ZzIWnIIfmbmWv (ùXnI Xz). PKv
]cnWmaneqsS kw`hnncnpp. Adnbm GtXm Imnse Acphn t]mse.
aqe{]IrXnbnepmb {[phoIcWw ]pcpjs\bpw {]IrXnsbbpw JnXbnemgvpp. Cu
Xz {]ivt\m]\njnepw apw NsNsSpXpt]mse hnhn[ Xefn
AhXcnpp. kqcy\pw `qanbpw, ]Iepw cm{Xnbpw, Icbpw ISepw, ]ckv]cw Btjnp
Zz Fmw ]pcpj sbpw {]IrXnbpsSbpw AhXmcfmWv. ChbpsS
]ckv]cm`n\nthihpw ]cnWbhpamWv {]mXn`mknI temIns \ne\n]n\m[mcw.
qeamb Xefn \nv kqvaamb Xefntendnb ]cmin XqWnepw
Xpcpnepw _\bmbn. ]cnWmaneqsS a\pjy Pw sImtm HcpXw
kw`hnncpp a\pjys\mcp b{ambncpp. a\pjy\n Ah kzX{bmbn,
PUhkvXphn \nv ]miapbmbn. Fm, aqem[mcn kmImctmsS Ah
kpjp]vXnbnemp. AtX t]mse ]pcpj\pw Bcq]n a\pjys\ B{ibnv \ne
sImp. tacpZWvUns CcpXeI, a\pjy\nse Dc ZnW {[ph ]pcpj\pw
{]IrXnpw m\fmbn.
Pohcq]nbmb {]IrXn a\pjy\n hn{Pw`nXbmbn KpW sshjay krjvSnpp.
Bcq]\mb ]pcpj \nKpW\mbn t\mnbncnpp. {ipXnI Zzm kp]Wm kbpPm
kJmbm... CXymZn a{fn Cu a\pPcq]s hWnncnpp. Poh{]]n
BobXbpsS XpSw ChnsSbmWv. {]]ns khm `mhamWnXv. kqcys
Ab\ Bkv]Zambn tPymXnximkv{X]cambn {ipXnI Cu {]Xn`mkn\v \Ip
hymJym\w aIcmZnbn {]IrXnbpw anYp\myn ,tbmKimkv{X]camb ZzmZimn
]pcpj\pw ibnpp. kqcys aIcw apXep Dcmb\w tZhmb\hpw (\nhrn amKw)
ISImZn apXep ZnWmb\w (]nXr Ab\w) {]hrnamKhpw BIpp. kqcy
_mlyambn JtKmfob tPymXnbpw BcnIambn {]mW\pw BIpp. {]mWs Ab\amWv
izmk {]izmk.
a\pjyicocnse Cu {[phoIcWw BWv a\pjys JnXbpsS DdhnSw. Cu
{[phoIcWs ZqcoIcnphm krjvSnbpsS AhtcmlW n \nv BtcmlWw
DmIWw. AXmbXv Xzfmbn AhXcnv `qXtemIw hgn qecq]w ssIsm
insb Xncnv XzfneqsS `qXtemIw hgn AXns tkm]m\ntev Xncnv IbWw.
Hcp ZrjvSmw henb BtemN\ IqSmsX ]dbmsav IcpXnbm, taLfn \nv anembn
AhXcnv `qansb {]m]n insb jUm[mcmIamb Hcp b{n ]nSnsSpv
apIfntev \bnWw. hniz{]mW sshZypXnbpsS a\pjytI{nXamb Hcp {Ibhn{IbamWv
]Xn. kwn]vXambn BymhnZybpsS ASnm\XzanXmWv.
kmwJyXzmZn k] tbmKnI {]amWNXpjvSbneqsS ({Xbn\p ]pdsa
tbmKknn) kmmXvIcnphbmWv. Ch hnhw t]mse acoNnIb, kz]v\tam
hn]cybtam A, BkmmXvImcamWv. {_sat]mseXs ]qamb ]nWvUmWvUw
XsbmWv GI apnkm[\w Fv {ipXnI ]dbpXns ImcWw hyamsbp
IcpXpp. Zi\ kmmXvImcns sskmnI hnhcW fmWv. bpn`{Zamm
th ktX ImWpXpsImv Zi\ ambmhmZw t]mse bpnbpw
ZrjvSmfpw am{XamsWv [cncpXv. B[p\nIùXnimkv{Xw (Physics) temIns
C{nbm\p`h n\v GXmv bYmXYamb hnhcWw \IpXpt]mse {]]ns
\nnI]m\p`hns Physics BWv ssihZi\w. Metaphysics F ]Zw D]tbmKw
sImv AsshIeyw kw`hnXmbXn\m Hgnhmpp. {]]ns AkvXnXzn\pw
A\p`hn\pw bpnklamb hniZoIcWw \mw Xs \psS B\n\mbn AXns
krjvSnnXnebv ImcWhpw km[\hpamIppshXmWv. CXmWv inhk]w.
BmhpssS CXc Xzsfmw Xs inhs B\elcnbpsS h\
kmyamm {] Isp D]IcWfmsWv ]dbmw. ItTm]\njnse
{]JymXamb hnhcWw t\mpI
Bm\w cYn\w hnn icocw cYtah Xp
_pnw Xp kmcYnw hnn a\x {]{Kltah N
C{nbmWn lbm\mlpnjbmwkvtXjp tKmNcm
Bt{nbat\mbpw t`mtXymlpa\ojnWx
{]]hpw Phpw anYybsXn\v CXn]cw Hcp sXfnshmWv thXv? ba
\NntIXnt\mSv t`mjw ]dXmtWm icocw cYhpw Bmhv cYnbpw _pn
kmcYnbpamsWdnbpI, C{nb hnjbmt\zjnIfmb IpXncIfpw a\v
ISnmWpamsWdnbpI Cu t`mmhv anYybmsWn AymtbmtK\
KanpsXs\?
Zi\ {]]n\pw Poh\pw acWn\pw apnpw
kmmXvImcne[njvTamb hniZoIcWamWv \IpXv. Fmw ambbmsWv
ZrjvSmsf bpnsImv LSnnv tLmjnXpsImv am{Xw Bm\p`hw DmIpn.
icmNmcycpsS ambmhmZmssZzXw F ZrjvSmm\tbmKw AymZi\a, a\pjy\v
Pretention am{Xw \Ip I]SZi\amWXv. Iminbn, aWnIWnIbn \nndn h
NWvUme\mWv icmNmcycpsS Pseudospiritual pretention \onbsXv sFXnlyaptm?
{ipXnIsfmwXs tbmKkm[\bneqsSbp Bm\p`hns ImhymIamb
hnhcWfmWv. imcmssZzX ns emRvO\ t]mepw {ipXnIfn Zriyaspw
CmcWmemWv imaXw kzoIcnv BZnicmNmcy ]nmev kucyelcn
sbgpXnbsXpw DulnmhpXmWv. ambmhmZmssZzX]cambn icmNmcy \Inb
D]\njXv hymJym\sfmw A_PSnehpw D]\njpfpsS A[mcbmb
tbmKamKn\v hncphpamWv.
A\p_w 2
a\amb IXn\p s]mcp
\memw tmIn\p hymJym\n {io. inhmchnw Pn. _meIrjvW \mb
]dbpp
lcnx\maIo\nse {]kvXpX ]Zyw {ioic `KhZv]mZcpsS GItmIn Fp
{]knambnonp H tmIns Bibm\p hmZamWv. GItmIn Xmsg \Ipp.

Inw tPymXnx Xh `m\pam\l\n ta cm{Xu {]Zo]mZnIw
kymtZhw chnZo]Zi\hn[u Inw tPymXncmJymln ta
Npx Xky \naoen\mZnkatb Inw [o[ntbmZit\
Inw X{XmltatXm `hm ]caIw tPymXnx XZkvan {]t`m
\n\v FmWv shfnw? F\nv ]I kqcy\pw cm{Xnbn Zo]mZnIfpamWv shfnw
XcpXv. As\bmIs, Fm chnZo]mZn ImgvNI AYhm A\p`hw kmyamp
tPymXn FmsWv FtmSv ]dbq? ImWv. AXv ASbp Ahkcn tPymXn
FmWv? _pn. _pnbpsS A\p`hn\v ImcWamb tPymXn FmWv? AhnsS AlwImcw
BWv tPymXn. AXn\m \obmWv tPymXnbpsS ]cakzcq]w {]t`m AXs\ Xs!
Fgp icmNmcycpsS tmInse Bibw FSpv KoXw Nap FmWtm
Bibm\phmZw Fv {io. \mb ]dncnpXns s]mcp. icmNmcy FhnsS \nmWv
Bibw ISsaSpXv Fv Atlw ]dbpn. Bm\p`hw BZyambn knn hyn
icmNmcyc tm?
Am\emZn shfnshms {Klnpsamcp
InpIp a\amIp IXnp
Imbncp s]mcp Xms\pdpaf
hm\sap lcnx\mcmbWmb \ax (4)
InpIp a\amIp IXnp Imbncp s]mcp Xms\v
kn]mccyns Cu ASnm\bpnv ic\v ]IhImiw sImSpp hymJymXmhv
tIt\m]\njnse,
t{im{Xky t{im{Xw a\tkm at\m
bZv hmtNm l hmNw k D {]mWky {]mWx
NpjpcnXnapNy[ocmx ...
FXns Bibm\phmZamWv GItmIn F kXyw adp shpp. knm\p`hw
Fm tZipw Bib]pjvSnbp bpnI fneqsS {]Ncnsnpv. XangIpw kam\amb
hcnI Xobmbpw DmIpw. Hcm asmcmfns Bibw ssItdn sNp cN\bh.
Xs IrXnIfnsempw icmNmcyscntbm, imcmssZzXs ntbm Hscm
Acwt]mepw ]dnnm Fgp\v Hcp KoXn\mbn icmNmcysc
B{ibntWtam?
Cu tmIn\v D]cnhambn hymJym\sagpXn icmNmcycpsS ambmhmZmssZzXw
icnbmsWv kanphcpapv. AssZzXm \p`hw FmsWv tIpXn\mbn Nne
hnJymX`mjyImcmsc kao]ntm Alw {_mkvan Fv ]nfn ]dbp
{]XoXnbm WpmbXv. Alw {_mkvanF D]\njZv almhmIyn\v ASnm\w
ambmhmZmssZzXw BsW hmZwt]mse ipjvIamWv ChcpsS A\p`h.
lcnx\maIo\nse \{X]wnIfpw ... F tmIn\v icnbmb Aw
Inmhv Fv {_m\p`h amWv DmbncnpI Fv \mw BtemNnWw. Alw
{_mkvan AYhm GItmInbpsS Bibw, ZrjvSmmkv]Zamb Cu AssZzX Zi\
{]kvXmhw sskmnIw am{XamWv. FmWv Cu {]kvXmh ns {]mtbmKnI hiw?
]caamb Cu tPymXnbpsS A\p`hkmm XvImcw kmyamIpsXs\? ZrjvSmsf
_unIambn a\nem pXmtWm AssZzXm\p`hw, Bm\p`hw AYhm kzbw {]Imin
p Bt_m[cq]amb inhntijw tPymXnbpsS ]cakzcq]w? As\bp
_unIm\p`hw AssZzXhoWntev hynsb \bnpnsXn\v sXfnhmWtm
icmNmcyImen\v appw ]npw `mcXn \ne\nncp NmXphWyhhnthN\
hyh.
kzbw {]Iminp Bt_m[cq]amb inhntijns A\p`hsas\bmWv
kmyamIpI? {]]nse kin Ipw AXntXmb kme\ kz`mhhpw
\nbafpapv. Pohcmin \ne\npXv _s temInse inIfpsS kpe\w
sImpw \nbmaIamb ]cnWXnI sImpamWv. kzbw{]`bmb Pohmt_m[hpw
Poh{]]ns krjvSnnXn kwlmcm Iamb ImeinbpsS `mKamWv. AXns
PUmIamb ]cnWXn AYhm icoc nXnpw {]IS\n\pw CXc {]m]nIinIfpsS
Imcynset]mse \nnXamb \nba fpv. Sn \nbafdnbmsX, Sn iym\p`hw
kmyamp icocns bm{nIamb LS\bpw {]h\hpw AdnbmsX Bpw
Bm\p`hw kmya.
kzbw{]`bmb Pohkzcq]hpw {_kzcq]hpw ]nWvUmWvU {_mWvUcq]n
{]Xyam bncnp inhXzns (hniz \mY) {[phoIcWamWv. Cu {[phoIcWamWv
krjvSnbpsS ImXsev \mw a\nemtXpv. krjvSnIma\mb {]Pm]Xn anYp\ambn
kzbw ]cnWan IY {]ivt\m]\njn \apv ImWmw. {]Pm]XnbpsS IY a\pjys
IYbmWv. Xm{nIamb A\p`hns, inhimk\w AYhm ssihmKanIambn
{ZmhnUkwkvIrXnbn \ne\nncp Xzm\ ns sshZnIamb hmbamWv
D]\njp. AXn\m D]\nj nse Zi\n\pw Ahew_ambn kzoIcnncnp
ZrjvSmpw km[qIcWw e`yamIpXv X{tbmKm\p`hneqsSbmWv. ssZzX Zi\w
ASnm\amb X{tbmKimkv{XfneqsS am{Xta inhXzm\p`hw AYhm
AssZzXm\p`hw a\pjy\v knnppp. ssZzXZi\nse ambm Xzw
hnI]m[njvTamb Imekz`mhamWv, icmNmcy krjvSamb {_hnhambm hmZw A.
hnh \ntcm[\n\v ambmhmZmssZzXw \IpXv ZrjvSm am{XamWv. Fm
ssZzXZi\]camb X{mKanIimkv{X X{tbmK hn[nIfm a\pjy\n kaqeamb
amw hcpn, ]iphns\ ]ip]Xn bmn, arXypRvPb\mn, \nhnI] {]bn
kzbw{]`bmb Pohmt_m[w Dfhmpp.
Poh{]]ns ssZzXkzcq]w \ntj[npXmWv icmNmcy cpsS
AssZzXZi\nse sshcpyv ImcWw. DZmlcWn\v, ambminbpsS \nN\w
FSpmw. {_hpw ambminbpw Poh{]]n A\p`hthZyamIp cv
XzfmsW kXyw Xs AssZzXw AYhm GIXzw F Zi\s \ncmIcnpp.
ambminbpsS {]IS\m {_n\pmIp XzmIamb ]cnh\amWv temIw.
AmsX, PKmsI Ibdns\ ]mmbn ImWpXp t]msebp anYym\p`ha.
ImelcWs ZrjvSmsf B{ibnv icmssZzXn\v Cu B[p\nIbpKn
\ne\nm\mIn.
PKv anYybmsWn {_w icocamv ics\ t]cn Zi\`mjymZnI
NatXns Bhiyapmbncpntm? Atlw Xs FpsImv {_kXyns
A\mZy {]IS\ambn \ne\nn? ImcWw Imen\pw CXc Xzpw hnt[bambn
am{XamWv PohXzw {]ISamIpXpw {_kmmXvImcw kmyamIp Xpw. {_ns
icmNmcykzcq]n\pt]mepw aXnbmb hniZoIcWw \Iphm Atlns
ambmhmZmssZzXn\v Ignbpn. Pohs {_m\p`hw icmNmcycn ImWpXv Xs
hnhn[ Xzmt]nIamb Pohs \ne\n]n\pw kmwJytbmKmZn ssZzX Zi\sf
B{ibnv apnv thnbp Pmc {]bmW n\pw sXfnhmWv. icIrXnI
AssZzXm\p`hn\v km[qIcW amWv ]t Ah ssZzXZi\fpsS \ncmIcWnt\m
ZrjvSmm [njvTamb m\s B{ibnv {_m\p `hnt\m km[qIcWw \Ipn.
ics {_m\p`hw inhXzm\p `hamsWv Atlw ]dbpIbpw sNppv
\mlw tZtlmt\{nbmWycwtKm
\mlwImcx {]mWhtKm\ _pnx
Zmcm]Xyt{XhnmZnZqcx
kmo \nXyx {]XyKmm inthmlw
Cu inhm\p`qXn AssZzXw Xs. ]t tZlsbpw C{nb sfbpw {]mWs\bpw
B{ibnmsX Cu inhm\p`qXn kmyamIpambncp ntm? ambminbpsS, Imens,
kmwJym\nsbpw tbmKhnZybpsSbpw B{ibanmsX Cu A\p`qXn
IcKXamIpambncpn tm? icocnv {_m\p`hw Dmbn, AXv Imemcn D]m[ntbm
sSmw A{]Xyambn D]m[n A[njvTamb Cu kmmXvImcamWv ssZzXZi\ns
eyw. D]m[nI anYyb. ]pg ISp Ignm ]ns tXmWn BhiyanmXpsImv
]pgbpw tXmWnbpw anYy bmsWv ]dbpXv F{XIv icnbmWv?
_ucpsS {]]XymK\ntj[fpsS kzm[o\n s]p t]mb inhm\p`qXnbmWv
icmNmcycpsS {_kXyw PKnYy F {]tLmjWn ImWpXv. {]_ps\v
ic\v e`yamb A`n[m\w CcpWn kvacWobamWv. {] _p\v ]nme
pmb ]cnWXnbpsS eWamImw kucy elcnbpw inhm\ elcnbpw inbpw
inh\pw ic\v {]ISambn FXv ssZzX Zi\n\v aXnbmb km[qIcWamWv.
{ioZnWmaqyjvSInse NnmcXv\ {inpI
hnizw Z]WZriyam\\KcoXpeyw \nPmKXw
]iym\nambbm _lncnthmZv`qXw bYm\n{Zbm
bx kmmXvIpcptX {]t_m[katb kzmm\tahmZzbw
Xkvssa {ioKpcpaqtb \a CZw {ioZnWmaqtb
ImSnbn ImWp \Kcw t]mse BmKXamb hnizw ambbm
_mlytemIambn kz]v\sat]mse A\p`hsSpp. Cu temIn\v, m\w sImv
AZzbamb kzmmhmbn BcmtWm kmmXvImcw \IpXv B Kpcpaqnbmb
ZnWmaqnv ChnsS Fs \akvImcw.
ssZzXmI {]]ansn BcmWv Kpcp BmWv BNmcykzmanIfpsS
\akvImcw? XpSv ]dbpXpw {inWw.
_oPkymcnhmptcm PKZnZw {]mMv\nhnI]w ]p\
ambmI]nX tZiImeIe\msshNn{XyNn{XoIrXw
ambmhoh hnPrw`bXy]n almtbmKo hbx tkzbm
Xkvssa {ioKpcpaqtb \a CZw {ioZnWmaqtb
GXv almtbmKnsbbmWv ic \akvIcnpXv? icocnbmb kzmmhv
XsbmsWn ZnWmaqnbmbn \akvIcntXn tm? tmIfpsS `mhw Xn
\nv A]c\mb Kpcqaqnsb hnpXv XsbmsW Imcyn kwibantm?
Hcp ZrjvSmw D]tbmKnv kwibw Dbnmsap IcpXnbm Xss kzbw
Bscnepw \akvIcnptam? ssZzX`mhnet Hcmv asmcmfns\ kvXpXnpXn\pw
\anpXn\pw tXmpI?
thZmw AssZzXZi\amsW A_[mcW ]cp hbmWv icmNmcycpsS
D]\njv `mjy. {io.hnZzm ]t\mfn bpsS IrXnIfn Cu `mjyfpsS
kmwJytbmK\ntj[w sNp _ucq]w {]ISamWv.
Cu hnjbsn hniZamb {]Xn]mZ\w ASppXs asmcp IrXnbn
\IpXmWv.

A\p_w 3
Fgps Imew
Xpsgps Imew Bpw Xnan. Dulmt]ml neqsS sImhjw 650 -
725 (1475 to 1550 A.D) Fv Dq ]dncnpp. ap hnhcsfmpw Xs e`yasv
{io.kn.cm[mIr jvWs KthjWmI BJymbnI, {io. \mcmbWnjmcSn FgpXnb
PohNcn{Xw Chbn \npw a\nemmw. kmwkvImcnIambn Ccp ImeLnemWv
Fgp PohnncpsXXn\v CXn]cw Hcp sXfnhv Bhiyan. \mImky\yq\kuJyw
F IenZn\w (1701110) {KmaZm\hpambn _s tmIn ImWpXv 7 Pqsse 1556,
{imhWip{]Xn]Zw, ]qbw \{Xhpw sNmmgvNbpamWv. Fp sImv Cu Znhkw
{KmaZm\n\mbn XncsSpp? FXv \mw BtemNnt ImcyamWv. KXIen
t\mnbm 1701109 e`npp. ]ct]cns kuIcyw Xn\Ien KXIenZn\n\v ]Icw
\InbXmsWv IcpXmw. Zm\ km[mcWKXnbn sNpXv {KlWmhkcnemWv.
Cu Znhkw {KlWan. Aamhmkn ]nXr XWn\pw Zm\n\pw hntijambXv
XteZnhkw Ignpt]mbn {]tXyInpw AXv tkmahXn Aamhmkn Bbncpp. tkmahXn
Aamhmkn Ignp ]qbw \{Xw Zm\n\mbn XncsSpW san AXn\v Zm\w
sNp Bfpambn _apmIWw.
CsXgpXptm, a\n Fgp ]dbpXv AXv Xs jjvSn]qnbmsWmWv.
Adp]Xv hjw apv ISI amknse ]qbw \{XnemWv Fgp P\nsX
kqN\ ChnsS e`yamIpp. FpsImv k]vXXntbm, iXm`ntjItam BbnqSm F
tNmZyw \ymbamWv. lcnx\maIo\ns ]e hymJym\ t]msebmWv Acw
tNmZy. kmam\y_pnbpsS ]cnanXn IIv ]eImcyfpw hniZoIcnm\mIn.
Atlns PohnXkw_nbmb hnhc shp t\mptm P\\kabhpw XobXnbpw
hyambn \nbnm AmSnpds `KhXnbpsSbpw N{ahs `Khmsbpw
A\p{Kl m {]bmkan. 11 Pqsse 1496, XnfmgvN DZbm]cw 58 \mgnI 45 hn\mgnIv
]qbw \memw ]mZn P\\w. Xmsg \IpXmWv {Kl\ne.

Cu {Kl\ne Fgps PohnXs `wKnbmbn {]Xnênn pp. hnai\w
DmImsaXn\m Nne Imcy Ddnv hyamm\m {Klnpp.
(I) Cu \nbs Dulmt]mlambn Im aXn.
(J) \mIky\yq\kuJyw F {KmaZm\ IenZn\w (1701110), ISInse ]qbw
\{Xw Fgps jjvSn]qn BtLmj ns Zn\amWv. Fn\v Cu
Dulmt]mlsav tNmZnm F\np Dcw Hcp kqN\sbnepw Xs P\\obXn
kw_nv Fgps Ncn{XnepmIpw F Fs ZrVhnizmkw am{Xw.
(J) jjvSn]qnbpsS {][m\NSpIfnsemv BbpcmcmKy kuJyn\mbp
]qPbpw Zm\[hpamWv.
(K) apIfn \Inb {Kl\ne ]qambpw Xpsgps PohnXnse
kw`hsf hniZoIcnpp.
1. ]qbw \memw ]mZw: ]mZtZmjw Amh\mWv. H]Xn Pecminbnse i\n A\v
\X. H]Xmw `mhm[n] `mhn\v AjvSanepamWv.
2. P\\injvS Zi: 00hjw 05 amkw 04 Znhkw i\n Zi
3. ISIense c_pNIp tbmKhpw H]Xmw `mhnse hoWanm
i\nbpw kymktbmKamWv. _pN tbmKw Imhy KoXmZn cN\m ssh`hhpw kmIX,
AymNn, `n ,knn apXemb KpW \Ipw. ense kqcyN{IpPm
imm cm[\sbbpw Bbneynse _p[ sshjvWh {]Xn]nsbbpw ImWnpp.
CjvStZhXm[n]\pw a{m\m[n]\pamb IpPt\mSv _p[ tNcpXv lcn\mcmbWmb
F Ggc a{neqsSbp hnjvWp`n kqNnnpp.
4. \memw `mhm[n]\mb ip{Is ]{nse nXn kzKrlw hkvXphII ChbpsS
\jvSsbpw Im[n]s \oNw PohnX tisfbpw kqNnnpp. Amw`mhnse
bpcminbpw `mhm[n]\mb IpPs bpcmin \oNhpw Hcp aI am{Xta Dmbncpp
pshXn\v hniZoIcWw \Ipp.
5. _p[Zi 17.5 hbphscbpw AXn\pta 24.5 hbphsc tIXphpw XpSv 44.5
hbphsc ip{I\pw 50.5 hsc kqcy\pw, 60.5 hsc N{\pw 67.5 hsc IpP\pw Bbncpp.
IpPZimhkm\w 10 Unkw_ 1563 \msWv {inWw. _elo\cmb IpN
Zim]lmc\mYm arXyphn\v ImcWambn Fv IcpXpXn sXn. 7 Unkw_ 1563
[\pamknse D{Xw \{Xambncpp.
6. Fgps Imew AXn\m 11 Pqsse 1496 apX 7 Unkw_ 1563
hscbmbncppshv \nbnmw. tPymXnjw Adnncp Fgp IpPcmlp
Zimkn a\nemnbmWv (1hjw i\n, 17, 7, 20, 6, 10, 7) BsI 1+ 67 = 68 KoX
lcnx\maIo\n tNsXv IcpXmw.
7.Fgps \o bm{XI, adp\mn \np hnZymem`w (\memw `mhm[n] 12
), Nnqcn timI\min\nbpsS \Sphnse [ym\w (NcPecminbmb InSIw), kymes
NmthacWw (aqktlm ZcnbpsS `mhv Amw`mhm[n\mb IpPs \oNw)
Fnhsbms Cu {Kl\nebm hniZoIcnsSpp.
8. In\v ImgvNpdhv, \nimXzw Chbpw {Kl\ne kqNnnp p.
t\{X\mcmbWs\ Bgvhmtcn X{m csnbXv \mense Kpcphns
ISmamsWv ]dbmw.
9. t\{X\mcmbW\pw \oeIWvT tkmabmPnbpw
Fgps Imew t\{X\mcmbWs Imew Xsbmbncpp shv an
PohNcn{XImcmcpw ]dbpp. \oeIWvTtkmabmPn Xs IrXnIfn t\{X\mcmbWs\
Ghpw {]m[m\ytmsS kvacnpIbpw sNpp. As\bmsWn Xrnbqcn Pohn
Fgp \oeIWvT tkmabmPnbpsS injy\mbncpp F [mcWv _ew hcpp.
({io.]n.B.tat\ms\ Dcnv tUm.sI.hn.i ]dbpp). \oeIWvT tkmabmPn
Xmhqcnepw {]kn\mbncppshv kpccmPs hmIyIcWw kqNnnpp.
\oeIWvTtkmabmPnbpsS P\\obXn KXIenZn\w 1660181 \v 16 Pq 1444 AD, _p[\mgvN
BIpp. Xr{]tmv inh CjvStZhXbmb \oeIWTs\ Fgp Adnncpnt?
\qdv hjntesd Pohn \oeIWvTtkmabmPn Bcy`Sob`mjyw ]qn bmnbXv
t\{X\mcmbWs ImetijamWv. Xrnbq hmknbpw IenZn\w 1724514 \v (i\nbmgvN 15
BKv 1620) acn ANypX]njmcSnbpw (shp\mSv chnhbpsS B{inX\pw \mcmbW
`XncnbpsS Kpcphpw) t\{X\mcmbWs\ kvacnppv. Fm ANyX]njmcSnv
\oeIWvTtkmabmPn Kpcphmbncpn. Atlw tPyjvTtZhs injy\mbncpp.
{KmaZm\ns IenZn\amb \mImky\yq\kuJyw (1701110) \mcmbWobns
]qnZn\amb BbpcmtcmKykuJy hpambn (1712210) apXphjns Acw (1556 -
1586 AD) ImWpp. 1560 P\nXmbn AdnbsSp ta]q \mcmbW `Xncn
ANypXsbSpv hymIcWamWv ]TnsXpw ImWpp. ANypX ]njmcSnbpsS Kpcphmb
tPyjvTtZhs Imew 1500 - 1610 AD BsWv IcpXsSpp. ta]qcnt\mSv ao sXmp
Iqm ]d IYbnse Fgp lcnx\maIo\w FgpXnb Xpsgp\s
\nKa\ntemWv Cu XobXnI \s \bnpXv.
kwkvIrXnsbpw aebmfnsbpw hyXykvX N{Ihmf v IognemWv
Fgp\pw ap]d kwkvIrX ]WvUnXmcpw PohnncpsX kqN\bmWv Ch
]ckv]cw Adnbm kmlNcyw \IpXv. hnhn[ PmXnbn s] injym
ANypX]njmcSnv Dmbncpnpw Imcyamb ]oU\w Hpw Atln\v Gtn hn
AYhm Bgzmtcn X{mv kvXpXn ]dv csSphm Fmhpw Ignncpp.
cmambWhpw lcnx\maIo\hpsamw aebmfnemn ]XnXv \InbXpw Nmth
_pXzhpamWv Fgps\ {]iv\nemnbsXv A\pam\nmw.
tPymXnximkv{XcwKs BNmcy]ccbpw eImefpw t\mptm
\oeIWvTtkmabmPnbpsS injy]ccbne ANypX ]njmcSnsb hkvXpX
Xrnbqcn ImWptm Fgps Kpcp \oeIWvTtkmabmPnbmIWsav
\nan. t]cpIfpsS kmayw bmZrnIXbpw Fgps Kpcp]cc Xmhq
Bm\ambXpw BImw. Xan {_mWv {KmaZm\w \SnbXpw Xmhq
]mccyns kqN\bmbn IWmmw.

A\p_w 4
Fgps Bm\p`hw
Fgps PohnXhpw IrXnIfpw AhtemI\w sNbvX ]WvUnXhcym
lcnx\maIo\w Fgps _meyIme IrXn Bbncnpsav A`n{]mbw ]dnpv.
{io.\mcmbW ]njmcSn ]dbpXv 51 en]nIfp Acame {]NcnnpXn\mWv lcnx\ma
Io\w FgpXnbsXmWv. Hmb \nsbnl csv IXv hsgpnepw
kwkvIrXnepap AcfmsWpw Atlw ]dnpv. aebmfen]nsb 51 BnbXv
Fgp\spw sImhjmcw`n AD 825 Bhn[amb IrXnIfpmbnpspap
A`n{]mbhpw ImWpp. Cu ]men \npsImmWv Cv kaqlw
lcnx\maIo\s honpXv. CXn \npw hyXykvXambn lcnx\maIo\sbpw
AXns Imhns\bpw Hcp ims ZrjvSnbneqsS t\mnmWp hm\mWv ChnsS {iaw.
CcpWn \psS a\nsep BZyNn Bm\p`h samWv?
Bm\p`hn\v Hcp KoXw kmyamtWm? FXmWv. kmyamsWv ]dbphv
Bm\p`hhpw AXns hnhcWn\v Ahiyamb Hcp `mjm ktXhpw
]cnNnXambncnWw. `mjm ktXw FXpsImv Technical terminology bmWv
DtinncnpXv. Bm\p`h sav? Alw {_mkvan F A[chymbmaamtWm?
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kpc]m\mtamZelcnsbt]mse Ghpw {]m]yam Ipambncpp (]aImcpw
kpc]m\mtamZelcnpw X{n AymhnZym]camb Afpv). {]tXyInpw
ayhpw aZyhpw {]nbamb immv. Fgp im\ AssZzXnbmbncppshv
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injysv ]mSnbXv
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Dh NWvUme\mbmepw ZznP\mbmepw F\nv KpcphmWv.
aImc{]nbmcmb NWvUme\pw im\psams Bm \p`hapmImw Fv CXn\m
hyamIpp.
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kw ssNXZhnZybm{XnKpWbmtijw abm I]nXw
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GIkbmb ss`chs {]IS\amsWv Ddp h NWvUme\mbmepw ZznP\mbmepw
F\nv KpcphmWv.
tmInse kmlnXyns\mw Aw ]dbpn. eLphmbn kmcamWv
\InbncnpXv.
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{_w m\w t_m[w Fsms t]cpamnbmWv thZmw krjvSnnpXv. m\w
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icmNmcyscsmv {io]mXnv elcn tXmpwhn[w kucyh\bpw \Snp.
bm XncyMv \ctZhXm`nclanXyxkv^pSm KrlytX
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Bm\p`hsamsWdnbphm Cu \mep tmIw aXn. icmNmcy kwkvIrXn
Dzeambn Bkzcq]\v \Ip \mev hnhcW. {]m\{Xbw Fmw Ignv
ImamJybn A`n\h Kp]vXt\mSv tXmv IminbnsenbtmgmWv Cu t_mt[mZbw
NWvUme\n \npw e`npXv. _meyIme IrXnsbmpanXv. C\n \apv
lcnx\maIo\ns N bntev hcmw.
{_m\p`hn\v Fgp \Ip `mjyw Altah hnizX\p FXmWv.
apIfn ]d ss`ch\v AYhm t_m[kzcq]\v Fgp \Inb t]cmWv
lcn\mcmbW. t_m[kzcq]w Dn \ndbptm Ahbhfpw C{nbfpw Fmw
hncmS\n t]mbn ebnpw. icocm\p`hw AennmXm Ipw, ]nssbmw bZm hmtNm
\nht A{]m]y a\km kl... A\p`hn \nv ]pdv hv icocw [cnptmgpw
hmpI sImv ]dbphm tinpw. Cu A\p`hw kZm \ne\npIsbXpw Ffpa.
]ecpw [cnpp mhpw Bm\n kZm Bm\p`hnemsWv. PvRm\n thsd
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\nnI]nXn A\p`hamIpXv. CXv k]npmp [ym\mhb. Cv
[ym\n\v hfsc {]knn bpv ba\nbamZnItfm {]mWmbmatam CmsX a\psImv
a\n \Sp Iksv ]dbmw hnI]w thj{]\mbn Bmhm sWv
tXmnnpw ZrjvSm sImv a\n epmmhp Hcp ambmPmew AYhm
C{Pmew Fv ]dbmw. hnI]w \ntcm[n sSmsX At_m[a\n t]mbn \mSIw
Ifnp Cu am\knI tcmKmhsb BobXbmbn ]ecpw [cnpp. Psychic & Spiritual
Fo cv XefpsS hyXymksbmWv hnI]w \nnI]w Fv tbmKimkv{Xw
hntijnnpXv. Pmcfnse A`ymkneqsS am{Xta a\pjy\v \nnI]nXn
ssIhcppp. CXv am\knIamb {]{Inb A. icocw apgph\pw, A]w IqSn hyambn
]dm {]]w apgph\pw Xs Cu tbmKnXnbn `mK`mmWv. ]cnNnXamb
ktXfn ]dm \psS \mUohyqls Hcp Iyqdmbn k]npI. hnI]w
AYhm at\mhrn Iyqdnse tkm^vv shb t]msebmWv. tkm^vvshb Cm
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Iyqdn\mmhn. sshZypXn Poh t]mse AXns\ anepambn _nnppshv
]dbmw. a\pjy hncmS]pcpjs, ss`chs s\vhpw sSan\epIfpw t]msebmWv.
sSan\epIfn tkm^vv shbdpI {]hnptm IyqdpIfpsS world wide web CPU
Bb ss`ch adncnpp. tkm^vvshbdpI \on Ignm www ss`ch
am{XamWv sSan\ AYhm ]nWvUmWvUnepmIpI.
\mUohyqlneqsSbmWv hnI]w AYhm at\mhrn kwPmX amIpXv.
Nnhrn\ntcm[nXmhbn AYhm \nhnI] nXnbn \mUohyqlw
XmmenIambn Xfcp nXn kwPmX amIpp. Cu nXn HgnhmpXn\mWv Ifcn
]cnioe\w AYhm lTtbmKw Fv {]JymXambncnp Bk\apdI. Nne {]tXyI
Bk\nXnI CmcWm \nhnI]mh kwPmXam pXn\v klmbIhpamWv.
lTtbmKn\v Bm\p`hn {]knbnsv ]dv ]pnph
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{Xnbcm s \mKcpw (Bcy{XnbIpens `mKamb {ZmhnU) apamWv Aym
hnZymcwKv {]Imiw sNmcnsXv ]XRvPen, ]mWn\n, I]ne apXembhcpsS ]mccyw
kqNnnpp. sabv hgap hoc\nemWv \nnI]nXn A\mbmkw kwPmXamIpI
FXv A]w Nnnm \apv t_mysSmhptXbpp. Nmth ]Sbmfnbpw `KhXnbpw
Xnep B_ns ImXepw CXv Xs. \nhnI]mhbn IpetZhnbmb
IpWvUen\n Dbv {]mWt\msS ]cminbn ebnpp. ImhpIfpsSbpw IfcnIfpsSbpw
tIcfn ImWp {ZmhnU]mccyw B hnZym]mccyw IqSnbmWv. Bkn
bnmh\nepw arXyphns\ `banm hoc\nepw hnI]w thKw bnpIbpw ss`ch
kzcq]w ssIhcnIbpw sNpp. Cu {]{InbbpsS ]Zm\p]Zamb hnhcWamWv
AjvSmwKtbmKn ImWpXv.
Cs\ hnI]\ntcm[\neqsS ssIhcp Bm\p`hs _mlykwthZ\
kZm AncsSpphm {ianpp. C{nb at\mhrnmbn \mUohyqlnt
t{]cW sNepppp. KpWsshjayclnXamb aqe{]IrXnbpw ]pcpj\pw t]mse,
Aamhmkn bnse \njvIeN{s\ Dsmp kqcys\tmse Bmhv hnaiclnX\mbn
\nesImptm kmcw`w t]mseXs {]mtW{nbmZn {]p_v[XIfm hnI]w
kwPmXamImw. amlmap\n amv Xt]m`wKw hcpXp t]mse B\njvT\nepw
hnI]hrn bpmImw. \hPmX iniphn\v hnI]w \IpXv hmk\IfmWv.
apIfn ]d timhbn ZrVamb _pnbpw (m\ tbmKhpw) ZrVamb
icochpw a\pjy\v t{ibv \ne\npp. m\tbmKhpw lTtbmKhpw hnI]_m[bn
\nv Bm\p`hs cnp\nphm D]m[nIfmIpp. {]]snbpw icoc
snbpw ]qamb Adnhv _mly kwthZ\sf {]Xntcm[nphm _pnv
Bbp[amWv. XzmIamb {]]kmmXvImcw \Ip ZrV _pnp am{XamWv
at\mhrnsb Cmbva sNphm IgnbpI. Cu eyntemWv Zi\ a\pjys
AkvXnXzs XzmIambn \nmcWw sNpXv. _unIambn Xssbpw
{]]sbpw {_mWvU]nWvUmWvU kwthZ\sbpw Dsmp IbmWv
Zi\kmmXvImcw. hnhn[ Zi\ hnhn[ D]m[nIfneqsS Cu {iaw \Spp. sshdkv
tkm^vvshbdpIsf XSbp ^bhm AYhm Dqe\w sNp Hcp Bnsshdkv
D]m[nt]msebmWv Cu Zit\m]m[nsbv ]dbmw. Bm\p`hhpambn AXn\v _an.
Fm Bm\p`hw \ne\nphm AXv BhiyamWv. AXpt]mse Bm\p`hs
cmas\mcph\v t_myn\mbn hnpXn\pw Zi\ns ]Zmhen AXymhiyamWv.
AymhnZybpsS Cu ]men \nv t\mptm Fgps PohnXw
Bm\p`hntev \bnp LSI \ndXmbncppshv \apv a\nemmw.
sabvfcnbpsSbpw FgppIfcnbpsSbpw (m\w) t]mcmfnbpsSbpw ]mccyw, Imhpw
Ifcnbpw ]mIsSpnb hynXzw, tbmKamw, Xan kn]cc bpambp kw
Cs\ \nch[n LSI. Cu LSIfpw tbmKkm[\bpw \Inb Altah hnizX\p
F A\p`hamWv kmwJyZi\XzfpsS ASnm\n Fgp lcn\ma
Io\n hnpXv. Hcp ImcWhimepw CXv Atlns _meyImeIrXn
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tZhoamlmyw ChbpsS cN\ptijw \nlnXmIm\nSbpv. `mjm]camb sXfnhpI
Cu km[yXsb JWvUnppshn hfsc sNdpn Xs Fgp\v Bm \p`hw
ssIhp AYhm Atlw Pkn\mbncppshv IcptXn bncnpp.
AcamebpsS {]kn
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Fs\ ssIhcpp? {]]ns AXo{nbXen hnp inIfpambn
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IcpXpXn FmWv sXv? Bm\p`htam, Bm\p`hns amtam XnanmhcmWv
a{X{sf cmwXcampXv. {]]n AhnNvOnambn \nesImp
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IpWvUeo Ipecq]m N ]mXp amw IpeNWvUnIm
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lcnx\maIo\nse Acamebn Rm ImWpXv. Xrnbq F ]Zn\v
ImWp IpWvU]pcw AYhm Ip]pcw F t]cv B ew Xm{nIktXw
Bbncppshv kqNnnpp.
{iohnZym k]n\v ASnm\amb {ioknamXrImtZhnv kvXpXn a{mnIbmb
kpjpav\m\mUn (GI\mUn) bpambp _w {]Xnênnpp.
bZciintPymv\maWvUnXw `ph\{Xbw
ht ktizcow tZhow alm{ioknamXrImw
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{_mWvUmZnISmlmw ht Xmw knamXrImw
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tImnWp Acalmkq{Xamb knamXr kzcq]n\v h\w. Cu almkq{Xn
51 KtWimcpw, 51 Acfpw 51 ]oTfpw 27 \{Xfpw 12 cminIfpw 9 {Klfpw
6 tbmKn\namcpw nXn sNpp.
lcnx {io KW]Xsb \ax, lcn 12 cminIfnepw 27 \{Xfnepw hn`tZl\mbn
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KW]Xn amXrImk] nep 51 KtWimcpsS tZhXbpamWv.
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hhn{Klbmb A \ncp]atXPm civanIfm hebw sNsv Xs Npn
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KW]XnbmIpp.
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Ghw \h`ntbmKmZv {Klcqt]XypNtX amXm
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t\{X{Xbhpamv \hmnIbmb A \h{Klkzcq]w Xs.
C{nbZitI\mx IcWNXpjvtIW hnjbZitI\
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\c]XnchnImjvTmjSvkap{ZZznkwssJy
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kzc, ImZn 12, UmZn 10, _mZn 6, hmZn 4, lmZn 2) UmIn\o, cmIn\o, emIn\o, ImIn\o,
kmIn\o, lmIn\o Fo tbmKn\namcm {]ISamIpp.
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Pohm]cam`ymw ssNjm cmincq]nWo
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cmincq]n {Klnnpp.
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im]mccyn ]cnNnXhpambncpncnWw.
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bXv InnKXn {Xn[m \nbanXw hkvXp {XnhKmIw
Xw {Xn]ptcXn \ma `KhXyt\zXn tX XzXx

lcnx\maIo\w Kpcphmbqcs hhn{KlamWv. ap s]gpXnsh ]e
hymJym\`mKfpw KpcphmbqN{ah Zi\n\p tijw icnbmbn XncpnsbgpXphm
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Io\hymJym\hpw Fssmv Btcm FgpXnbmWpmbXv. _s
]cmaifp ]pkvXI Fs hnfnSpnXp t]msebmWv A\p`hw. shp\mSv
({]Imiw) shfnhv Chsbnbpw AmSnpdw kqcy`KhXnsbbpw ]n Nnnncp
Ahkcn Fgp sshjvWh\mbncppshpw apw Xdnp ]dbp Nne
teJ\ hmbnncpp. kqcy`KhXnbpsS Cunn kqcy\mb hnjvWp\mcmbWs\,
PKXv{]mW_oPs Acmhenbmbn Iv IonXv imw Xssbv
hyambncppshnepw aXnbmb sXfnhpI a\v tXSnbncpp. B AhkcnemWv {io.
Fkv ic\mcmbWs {ioN{Iw F ]pkvXIw Fs In s]Xv. Fgps\n
Fsnepw ]cmaiw B ]pkvXInepmIpw Fv kz]vt\]n IcpXnbn. ]t,
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F XesmWv. AhnsS ImWpXv
kmm XpmNmcy {iohnZym k{Zmb ]Imcw Db\nehmcw ]qInb Hcp
tbmKoizc \mbncppshdnbphm Atlns Nnqcp kam[nancw Hp kinm
aXn...
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Nqnmpp.
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]nWvUmWvUsa tZh\Kcnbn Acfn hn`tZlbmbncnpXp t]mse
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Ankzcq]amWv. CmcWmemWv Pmcv `KhXn amyaambncnpXv.
{]mWmbmaneqsSbpw at{m]mk\bneqsSbpw Pmcsfn `mKnIamb Adnhv
kzmbammw. tiIcamb amn ]qhnPbw Akmy ambXn\memWv `mKnIsav
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DWn sbSpp kmlNcyw henb hn]pIv ImcW amImw. kmnsb \nebn
Xss \nconm\pw \nb{n m\pw Ignbphv am{Xta `qXhynXzsf
{]Xntcm[nm\mIq. Bm\p`hw Pohicoc nepmp amfn Ghpw {][m\
ambXv At_m[a\nse `qXhynXzfpsS (\mUohylnsegpXsncnp
sshhnyam A\p`h) t_m[Xentep Bhn`mhamWv. {iocmaIrjvW
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t]mse `nbpsS ]mcayXbnepmb DmZambncpn. AymhnZybn, tbmKmI
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\mw ImtWXv Bbp[saSpm As\bmWv AYhm Bbp[n\p ]Icw XqenI
sbSp As\bmWv. tNc]mWvUyv \mY\mbn, IfcnIsms imkvXmhmbn
hmgp tbmKmcqV\mb A\nse imssNX\yamWv IfcnIsfbpw ImhpIsfbpw
s]mXnp \npXv. i_cnae XomS\w, aWvUehrXw Ch kw_n Fm
NSpIfpw Nmth ]Stbmns {]XoImIX DsmpXmWv. Ifcnbn
]Xns\p]SnI Ibdph arXyphns\ PbnpXp t]msebmWv i_cnkn[m\nse
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Cu hymJym\w A]w ImSpIbdnsb hnai\w DmImw. `KhXnbpsS kmnyw
Alw {_mkvan t]mse anYybmb hmbvm cnb im\p knnpw apnpw Xhgn
Imp ApX inbmWv, sshZypXn InbneqsS t]mIp t]msebpw __n
{]ImiamIpXp t]msebpw `KhXnv {]mW kmcamyahpw tbmKa{icoc
{]IS\thZnbpamWv.
ùXnIimkv{X]coWfneqsS Fs\ sshZypXImnIinIfpsSbpw KpcpXzm
IjWnsbpw kmnyw sXfnbnsSppthm A{XXs hyambn `KhXnsb
B\n kmmXvIcnm hpXpw ]gsmn ]Xncnm hn[w hnfnm
hnfntIp a{mnIbmbn {]XysSpmhpXpamWv. `KhXnbpsS kmnyns
Cu `qanIbnemWv AymhnZy imkv{XamIpXpw apnv thnbp aWvUe{hXw
Bcw`npXpw.
Fgps [\yamb PohnXnsbpw lcnx\maIo\nsbpw ktiw
\qmpIfmbn tIcfs _m[nncnp PmXnbpsSbpw Im]Synsbpw {`mn \np
tamN\amWv. X{w tIcfnenv Gnse ]iphmWv, Imhnse in \nKptWm]mk\bpsS
tImeamsWv ]dp]cn Alw {_mkvan Fpcphnv N B\bpsS tImen
]c{_s ImWp Hcp Bobm`mkamWv Cv X{ns apJap{Z. \nptWm]mk\
bpsS tImea imX{w. ambminsb tbmKinbmbn kmmXvIcnpXneqsS
am{Xta a\pjy\n hnI]s ZqcoIcnm\mhq. adnpw icnbmWv hnI]s
ZqcoIcnpXneqsS am{Xta ambm`KhXnsb kmmXvIcnm\mIq. cphn[nepw Cu
Bm\p`hw DmImsaXnemWv IpetZhnbpsS A\p{Klhntijw {]ISamIpXv.
Nnhrn Ahkm\nptm Fmw \nKpWamIpIsbXv kzm`mhnI ]cnWXnbmWv.
_pnsImtm Zi\ sImtm hnI]s HgnhmpI IScbn Xncsbp
Xpt]mse Alw {_mkvanbn Ahkm\npw. tIcfnenv {]Nmcnep Aym
hnZymIrXnIfpw hymJym\fpw t\mpI. {io\mcmbWKpcpIrXnIsfbpw lcnx\ma
Io\sbpw apw {_m\nI Nn{Xh[w sNbvXpIgnp. 25 hjw apv
XzaknsbgpXn Bmhns lnamebw Imn {io. kpIpam AgntmSv kao]Imev
FgpXnsmSpncnp Nne AhXmcnII Bmhn\v lnamebtmfw XmgvNbp
InSpIfmWv. FpsImo hogvN Fv \mw Imcyambn BtemNnWw. Gnse ]ip ]pp
XnpIbn FXpXs ImcWw. almhmIyfneqsStbm, ZrjvSmfneqsStbm Bpw
Bm\p`hw knnpn. a\nse hnI]sshXcWnIfnsehnsStbm IpSpn
Bm\p`hw kw_nv It]meI]nXamb {]`mjW \Smw. Ahkm\w B
hnI]n\v hnt[bambn sNp I {_m\s shfnsSppw. Ccw ]e
DZmlcW \psS apnepv. lcnx\maIo\w Fgps _meyImeIrXn BsWv
Ahv tXmpXmWv hnI] eWw.
Fgps\ aphcn \npw hyXykvX\mpXv Altah hnizX\p F
Bm\p`hamWv. Cu Bm\p`hw imtb amneqsS Atlw ssIhcnXmWv.
ihkm[\bneqsS {_ t{]Xs ISp\nv hnjvWph[o\amb {]IrXn (hnjvWpamb)
DwLnXns {iaamWv lcnx\maIo\n \ngenpXv. tbmKo{\mb Fgp\v
AXn\m acWan. ]cm{Xne[njTamb sshjvWh]Yn imssNX\ys,
N{Ia{mnIbmb {iohnZysb \nthinnp Acb{ambmWv lcnx\maIo\w
cNnncnpXv. lcnx \mcmbWmb \ax FXnse lcnx hmnIbmb in
kzcq]hpw \mcmbWmb FXv inhkzcq]hpamWv. \axinhmb F AcssNX\yw
Xs \mcmbWmb FXn \nesImpXv a{ns s]mcpfdnbphv t_my
ambncnpw. Dbnscgppw sasgppw (kzchyRvP\) Ac {_ns
inhinkzcq]amWtm?
inhymbptm bZn `hXn i {]`hnXpw
\ tNtZhw tZthm \ Jep Ipiex kv]nXpa]n
AXkvXzmamcmymw lcnlchncnmZn`nc]n
{]Wpw kvtXmXpw hm IYaIrX]pWyx {]`hXn

A\p_w

Ac{_kzcq]w

AamentIm]\njv Bcw`npXv
AImcmZnImcmhWPmXItf_cw
hnItf_cssIheycmaN{]Zw `tP
A apX hscbp AXcfmWv {_kzcq] ambn Kpl {]Pm]Xnv
D]tZinpXv. A tacpZWvUn\v D]cn_nphpw At[m_nphpamIbmemWv
tacpKncn `qanv AYhm {_temIn\v AambncnpXv. AXcfpsS
cmhntbmSpIqSn AINSX]bi F AjvShkzcq] tNv kmI
Ackzcq]n\v \qsv Ahbh I]\ sNsSpp. Cu D]\njnse
AamenImkvXpXnbpw {itbamWv.
\akvtX ]cmcqt] \akvtX ]iyocqt]
\akvtX ayamcqt] \akvtX sshJcocqt]
kXzmntI khnZymntI
kiymntI ktZhmntI
\akvtX `KhXn a{amXrtIbamte

kIetemIcmnIbmbpw arXypRvPbkzcq]nWnbmbpw kItemo]n\nbmbpw,
Abmaymkzcq]ambpw \mUohyqlm KXbmbpw kckzXym\m ]cmcq]bmbpw
hknjvT hnizman{Xmcm AamenImP]w sImv D]mkns amXrImamXrkzcq]w
ktemIn\pw knn{]ZamsWv Ipamc ]dbpp.
knamXrImkzcq]ns AjvShkzcq]w apIpmjvSIw, KWmjvSIw apXemb
Io\fn {]Xnênpp.
Hmmcns NXpjv ]mZcq]w
AYintJm]\njv Hmmcns NXpjv]mZ {_ kzcq]w hyampp. ]cw
Nm]cw N {_ btZmmcx hyjvSn kajvSn ({_mWvU]nWvUmWvU) sFIymhbpsS
NXpjv]mZkzcq]amWv Hmmcsav AY ]dbpp. {]Whns aqv am{XIfpw (]rYzn,
Acow, tZymhv) \memw Aam{Xbpw (tkmatemIw) Xmsg ]dbpp.
AImcw EtKzZw{_mhv, C{ tZhXm, Kmb{Xn, ctPmKpWw, {Inbmin,
Kml]Xymn, hnizhncmSm[njvTm\w, An
DImcw bPpkvhnjvWp, kZminh tZhXm (cp{Z) , {XnjvSp]v, kzKpWw,
Cmin, ZnWmn, ssXPkm[njvTm\w, hmbp.
aImcw kmawcp{Z, BZnXy tZhXm, PKXn, {]mm [njvTm\w, XtamKpWw,
m\in, Blh\obmn, BImiw
Xpcobw AYw, acpv, kwhmn, hncmSv (GIjn), Pew
{]Whns \ncpnI
1. aqem[mcmZn{_c{maqzw DmabXn DZvKXoXn Hmmcx
2. k{]mWm {]eobtX {]ItjW ebw \bXoXn {]fbx {]Whky
{]mWmZn{]fbtlXpXzmXv {]fbXzw.
3. k{]mWm ]cam\n {]WmabXn {]ItjW \a\ssaIyw KabXoXn {]Whw.
IqSmsX, AYintcm]\njn,
intcmhmNn aImcx kymZImcx ]mZhmNIx
DImtcm aytZlx kymXv XZmm Xpcy DNytX
Cs\ Hmmcn\v bpnI ImWpp. ssIhteym] \njv km{_Zi\w
(]ctam]mk\) kwkmcw ]camkzcq]w (Altah hnjvWpX\p) Pothizctbmct`Zw,
At`Zm\p`hw, At`Zm\p`qXn Cs\ apnamns Nn{XoIcWw \IpXv
lcn\maIo\n imkv{Xobambn Dsmnsnpv.
{]Whns ]{v am{XIsfn \mZ_nq]\njv hniZambn {]Xn]mZnppv.
lcn\maIo\n ]cmain sSp
VmarZwKXpSnXmf t]msebpS
t\mmaXnnebnsetStamp aa
\npX a\amfm\_Icn
XoIt]mse lcnx\mcmbWmb \ax
{]Wthm]mk\bpsS aq\yXbn Bkzcq]\mb inh \mZambn D]mkI\n
Bhn`hnpp. knmk\n sshjvWhoap{Zm[mcWw sNp tbmKnv heXp
sNhnbn \m\mhn[amb \mZw A\p`hsSpp. Altah hnizX\p Fv Fgp
hn km`mhw (Bm\p`hw) heXpsNhnbn kZm {àc\nkz\w (hns aqf)
\Ip nXnbmWv. sshJcnP]w Akmyambn An\mIp tbmKnv \mZmkn
ssIhcptXmsS hnjbmkn \inpp. Nen B\ Xo Iv
sImXnsSpXpt]mse hnjbmkamb a\pambn \mZm\p`hw {]bmkIcamWv F
tbmKm\p`hamWv Cu KoXns ImX. DKtP{kz`mham a\ns\
\nb{nphm \mZnt\ Ignbq Fv \mZ_nq]\njv hyampp. tX IpSnp
hv Kw adpXpt]mse \mZw {ihnp tbmKnv hnjbhncnbpmIpp.
{_{]Whkwe\mtZm tPymXnabmIx
a\kvX{X ebw bmXn XXv hnjvtWmx ]caw]Zw...
ki_vZmtc otW \nxi_vZw ]caw]Zw
kZm \mZm\pkm\mXv kwoWmhmk\m`thXv
Cuhn[ tbmKm\p`hfpsS emRvO\IfmWv lcnx\maIo \n \mw ImWpXv.
Xpphmgp ]camNmcys tbmKo{ kzcq]w
ZrjvSn ncm bky hn\m kZriyw
hmbpx ntcm bky hn\m {]bXv\w
Nnw ncw bky hn\mhew_w
k {_Xmcmc \mZcq]x
ZriyanmsX BcpsS ZrjvSn ncambncnppthm (Ipw angnncnpp), Bcn
hmbp {]bmkw IqSmsX Nm]ey clnXambncnppthm (hmbp tbmKnbnepmp Nm]eyw
tbmKm`ymkw sNmhv Dulnm\mInsXn\m Cu hkvXpX a\nemm
]epw hnjaw tXmmw), Ahew_an msX, hnI]anmsX Nnw Bcn
kwPmXamtWm, B tbmKn {_Xmcw AYhm {]Wh\mZkzcq]amWv.
`KhZvKoXbpw EtKzZhpw B{ibnv Fgps KoXfpsS s]mcp Hcnepw
a\nemm\mIn. tbmKimkv{Xns {]mtbmKnIXefpw A\p`hfpamWv
lcnx\maIo\ns DSw. hnjbfpsS Nebn InSp DKtP{\mb
a\nt\mSv ItWyhm[nImct am ^tejp IZmN\...Ftm \nkvss{XKptWym `h...
Alw {_mkvan Xzakn Fsms A[chymbmaw \Snbnsp Imcyw?
XpmNmcys PohnXw As\ hmNIIkpambn AcpXIptXm,
D]\njZpcWnIsf ]InsbgpXn hnptXm Bbncpn. tbmKhnZybneqsS
A\p`hamb almambbpsS amXrIm]oTamWv Ansbmcam kckzXnbpsS
hhn{Kls aebmfn\v {]XnjvTnp \IpXn\pw Adp]nsbv KoXfneqsS
lcnx\mcmbWs\ {]IonpXn\pw t{]cWbmbXv.
amXrIm]oTw k]vXjjvSnhmIw: 67
k]vXNXzmcnwiXv hmnIm sshJco 47
\h\mZmnIm ayam 9
GImZim[m ]iyo 11
{]Wh\mZw Hmw 1

lcnx\maIo\w {]Wh\mZmnIbmb amXrIm]oTamWv. 67 + 1 = 68 F
bpnbSnm\ambmWv KoXLS\. Io\mcw` nse Hmw lcnx {io KW]Xsb \ax
F ]cminbpsS alma{w GImZi[m ]iyosbv \s Hmnnpp.
XpmNmcys\ kvacnv Cu a{w P]nphv Xobmbpw t{ibv DmIpXmWv.
Acnbntem ]qgnbntem IpnIsf FgpXnpXnep]cnbmbn, kZm P]nt
hnZymknn{]Zamb alma{amWnXv. CXv P]nm Ejntbm, Otm tZhXsbtbm t]cv
sNmn hnfn, \ymkw th, EXphmb s]n\pw Cc\pw, NWvUme\pw, GXv
\cImkpc\pw, cmhW\pw GXpImepw P]nv t{ibv t\SmhpXmWv.
aebmfns, \mK`mhs Cu ]pWy`qanbpsS ]pWyamWv Cu alma{w.
Kncmamlpthow {ZplnWKrlnWoamKahntZm
ltcx ]Xv\ow ]mw lcklNcoa{ZnX\bmw
Xpcobm Im]n Xzw Zpc[nKa\noaalnam
almambm hnizw {àbkn ]c{_alnjn

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