-1-

NGHIN CU XC NH NG THI HM LNG Pb V Cd TRONG

NC THI KHU CNG NGHIP HA KHNH LIN CHIU
NNG BNG PHNG PHP PH HP TH NGUYN T
A STUDY ON CONCURRENT DETERMINATION OF Pb AND Cd IN THE WASTE
WATER OF HOA KHANH INDUSTRIAL ZONE LIEN CHIEU DISTRIC DA
NANG CITY BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRIC METHOD
SVTH: NGUYN TH VN
Lp 08CHP, Khoa Ha, Trng i Hc S Phm, i Hc Nng
GVHD: ThS. L TH MI
Khoa Ha, Trng i Hc S Phm, i Hc Nng

TM TT
Trong nhng nm gn y, mi trng nc ngy cng b nhim nghim trng, trong
phi k n hm lng cc kim loi nng. Kt qu phn tch mt s mu nc thi khu cng
nghip Ha Khnh - Qun Lin Chiu Nng bng phng php ph hp th nguyn t trn
thc t cho thy cc x nghip, nh my thuc khu cng nghip ny thi vo mi trng mt
lng Cd v Pb ng k. C th, hm lng Pb v Cd t 0,03656

0,29230 mg/ L v 0,0098

0,0131 mg/L
ABSTRACT
In the recent years, the environment is increasingly polluted, among which is the
contamination caused by the release of the heavy metal.
The analysis results by atomic absorption spectrometric method show that the
considered content of heavy metals such as Cd, Pb was obtained in waste water of some fabrics,
factories of Hoa Khanh industrial zone, Lien Chieu district, Da Nang city. Specifically, the
concentration of Pb and Cd reached 0,03656 0,29230 mg/ L and 0,0098 0,0131 mg/L.

1. t vn
S tch t kim loi nng trong c th con ngi vi hm lng ln s gy ra nhiu
loi bnh nguy him nh hng n sc khe v tnh mng cng ng.. V vy, vic phn
tch, nh gi hm lng Pb v Cd trong mi trng nc l vn c cc nh khoa
hc trn th gii quan tm. Trong bi bo co ny chng ti trnh by phng php v

-2kt qu nghin cu xc nh hm lng Pb v Cd trong nc thi khu cng nghip Ha

Khnh, Qun Lin Chiu, Thnh ph Nng bng phng php ph hp th nguyn t.
2. Vt liu v phng php thc nghim
2.1. Thit b, dng c, ha cht
2.1.1. Thit b, dng c
- My o quang ph hp th nguyn t Aanalyst 100 Atomic
Absorption Spectrometer ca hng Perkin Emer (USA) sn xut nm
1996
- Cn phn tch Precisa XT 220 A, t ht, bnh ht m, bp in, b ct asen,
cc dng c bng thy tinh: bnh nh mc, pipet, cc...
2.1.2. Ha cht
Cc ha cht thuc loi tinh khit ha hc ca Cng ha Php, Cng ha c:
Cd2+ 1000ppm, Pb2+ 1000ppm, HNO3, H2O2, nc ct hai ln.
2.2. Ly mu v x l mu [4]
Cc mu nc thi c ly cc cng nc thi thuc khu cng nghip Ha
Khnh theo hng dn ca TCVN [4] trong thng 2,3 nm 2012. Mu nc ng trong
chai nha polyetylen v c x l s b bng HNO3 c.
3. Kt qu v tho lun
phn tch, nh gi hm lng Pb v Cd trong nc thi chng ti s dng cc
iu kin ti u c trnh by [6]. C th, vch o ph ca Pb l 217nm v vch
o ph ca Cd l 283,3nm, cng dng n Pb l 10mA v cng dng n Cd l
8mA, khe o vi Pb v Cd l 0,5 mm, chiu cao ca n nguyn t ha Pb v Cd l
7mm, lu lng kh axetylen i vi Pb v Cd l 1,2lt/pht, tc dn mu i vi Pb
v Cd l 20l cho mi ln o, nh hng ca cc kim loi n php xc nh Pb v Cd l
khng ng k, khong tuyn tnh ca Pb t 0,25ppm n 8ppm v khong tuyn tnh ca
Cd t 0,25ppm n 5ppm. Trn c s , chng ti tin hnh xy dng ng chun ca
Pb v Cd, kt qu c th hin trn hnh 3.1 v 3.2.
3.1.1. Kt qu xy dng ng chun
3.1.1.1. Kt qu xy dng ng chun ca Pb2+

-3-

Hnh 3.1. ng chun ca php xc nh Pb2+

3.1.1.2. Kt qu xy dng ng chun ca Cd2+

Hnh 3.2. ng chun ca php xc nh Cd2+

3.1.2. Kt qu nh gi hiu sut thu hi v sai s thng k ca phng php
3.1.2.1. Kt qu nh gi hiu sut thu hi ca phng php
Bng 3.1. Kt qu kho st hiu sut thu hi ca phng php
Mu

i vi cadimi (Pb2+)
C0(ppm)

i vi ch (Cd2+)
H (%)
97,24

C0(ppm)

C(ppm)

H (%)

0,6

0,5902

98,37

C(ppm)
0,9724

0,9650

96,5

0,6

0,5840

97,33

0,9845

98,45

0,6

0,5953

99,2

0,9593

95,13

0,6

0,5810

96,83

0,9785

98,35

0,6

0,5976

99,6

3
4
5
Trung bnh

97,19

98,27

-4Kt qu phn tch cho thy hiu sut thu hi trung bnh ca ch l 97,19%, ca cadimi l
98,27% , p ng c yu cu ca phng php phn tch lng vt kim loi.
3.1.2.2. Kt qu nh gi sai s thng k ca phng php
nh gi sai s thng k, chng ti tin hnh qu trnh phn tch trn hai mu
gi (mi mu 5 ln) vi nng ban u ca ch v cadimi trong hai mu ln lt l
1ppm; 0,7ppm v 0.6 ppm; 0,4ppm
Kt qu nh gi sai s thng k ca phng php c th hin qua bng 3.2 v
bng 3.3.
Bng 3.2.Kt qu nng o c ca dung dch Cd2+, Pb2+ trong cc mu
Ln
CPb2+
Mu 1

(1ppm)
CCd2+
(0.6ppm)
CPb2+

Mu 2

(0,7ppm)
CCd2+
(0.4ppm)

0,9724

0,9650

0,9845

0,9513

0,9835

0,5902

0,5840

0,5953

0,5810

0,5976

0,6692

0,6697

0,6702

0,6690

0,6685

0,3540

0,3553

0,3498

0,3506

0,3496

Bng 3.3. Kt qu nh gi sai s ca phng php phn tch

Cc i lng c trng
Gi tr nng trung bnh
(ppm)
Phng sai S2
lch chun S
H s bin ng Cv (%)
sai chun S X
Bin gii tin cy
Sai s tng i %

Mu 1
CPb2+

CCd2+

Mu 2
CPb2+

CCd2+

(1ppm)

(0,6ppm)

(0,7ppm)

(0,4ppm)

0,97194

0,58962

0,66932

0,35186

2,62.10-5
5,12.10-3
0,527
2,29.10-3
6,37.10-3
0,65

4,27.10-7
6,53.10-4
0,0976
2,92.10-4
8,12.10-4
0,12

1,33.10-5
3,65.10-3
0,619
1,63.10-3
4,53.10-3
0,77

6,84.10-6
2,6.10-3
0,739
1,17.10-3
3,25.10-3
0,92

Nh vy khi nng ln th c h s bin ng v sai s nh hn so vi nng

nh. Kt qu nh gi sai s thng k cho thy phng php c sai s nh, chng t

-5chnh xc cao v h s bin ng nh, chng t lp li tt. Do , ta c th s dng

phng php ny xc nh tng hm lng Pb v Cd c trong mu phn tch.
3.1.3. Kt qu xut quy trnh phn tch
Da vo TCVN [5] v trn c s cc iu kin [6] v mt s kt qu kho st
trn, chng ti xut quy trnh phn tch hm lng ch v cacdimi trong mt s mu
nc thi khu cng nghip Ha Khnh, Qun Lin Chiu, Thnh ph Nng, s
c trnh by trn hnh 3.3
100ml mu H2O
x l s b
- 1ml HNO3 c
- 1ml H2O2 c
- C cn
Cn kh
- 1 ml H2O2
Nc ct
- C cn
Cn kh
nh mc bng dung dch HNO3 2%
Xc nh Pb2+ v Cd2+ bng phng
php ph hp th nguyn t
Hnh 3.3. S phn tch Pb2+ v Cd2+ trong nc thi cng nghip
3.2. Kt qu phn tch mu nc thc t
Trc khi phn tch mu thc t, chng ti tin hnh kim tra hm lng Pb2+ v
Cd2+ c trong ha cht s dng. Kt qu phn tch cho thy hm lng Pb 2+ v Cd+ c
trong ha cht l khng ng k, khng lm nh n kt qu ca php o.
p dng quy trnh lp dng trn, chng ti tin hnh xc nh hm lng
Pb2+ v Cd2+trong mt s mu nc thi thuc khu cng nghip Ha Khnh. Kt qu
c th hin trong bng sau
Bng 3.4. Kt qu phn tch mt s mu nc khu cng nghip Ha Khnh
Mu

a im ly mu

Thi gian

Cd2+

Pb2+

(ppm)

(ppm)

-61
Cng thi gn Cng ty thp DaNa -
2
Cng thi ca Cng ty lp rp xe my DEAHAN
3
Cng thi ca nh my xi mng COSEVCO
4
Nc ti h Bu Trm bn cnh KCN
5
Cng thi gn nh my sn xut giy Wei Sen Xin
QCVN 24:2009

15/02/2012
15/02/2012
15/02/2012
15/02/2012
15/02/2012

0,0131
0,0107
0,0103
0,0098
0,0021
0,005

0,14330
0,29230
0,11087
0,03656
0,16672
0,1

T kt qu trn bng cho thy

+ Hm lng Pb2+ nm trong khong : 0,03656 0,29230 mg/L
+ Hm lng Cd2+ nm trong khong : 0,0098 0,0131 mg/L
Nh vy, hu ht trong cc mu nc thi c phn tch th hm lng Pb v
Cd u vt gii hn cho php theo TCVN, ch c mu nc H Bu Trm l c hm
lng Pb2+ nm trong gii hn cho php. Mc d cc nh my, x nghip lin doanh c
cc h thng x l nc thi nhng cha trit . V vy bo v mi trng, m bo
s pht trin ca sn xut, cn thit phi u t hp l cho vic x l nc thi
4. Kt lun
- Xc nh c hiu sut thu hi i vi Pb2+ l 97,17 %, i Cd2+ 98,27%.
- Phng php c chnh xc v lp li cao.
- xut quy trnh phn tch hm lng Pb2+ v Cd2+ trong mi trng nc
- p dng quy trnh xut xc nh hm lng Pb 2+ v Cd2+ trong mt s
mu nc thi ca cc x nghip, nh my thuc khu cng nghip Ha Khnh.

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] L Vn Khoa, Phng php phn tch t nc, phn bn, cy trng. NXB Gio dc
- H Ni, 2000.
[2] Phm Lun, Phng php phn tch ph nguyn t, NXB i Hc Quc Gia H Ni,
2006.
[3] L Th Mi (2007), Ha hc phn tch nh lng, TP. Nng.
[4] TCVN 4556-88 (1989), Nc thi, phng php ly mu, vn chuyn v bo qun
mu.
[5] http://www.mediafire.com/file/fincbt7kphkjdg4/Cacdimi.doc

-7[6]

http://hocmai.infogate.vn/book/Luan-van-Thac-Sy---XAC-DINH-HAM-L

%C6%A2ONG-CADIMI-VA-CHI-TRONG-MOT-SO-LOAI-i13219.html