IPCONFIG l lnh dng hin th cu hnh TCP/IP ca my tnh hoc lm ti

cc thit lp DHCP v DNS. Nu khng dng tham s lnh ipconfig s hin th a

ch IP, subnet mask, v default gateway ca tt c card mng.
C php
ipconfig [/all] [/renew [Adapter]] [/release [Adapter]] [/flushdns] [/displaydns]
[/registerdns] [/showclassid Adapter] [/setclassid Adapter
[ClassID]]
Tham s
/all: hin th y tham s cu hnh TCP/IP ca tt c cc card mng. Bao gm
card vt l, l gc v kt ni dng quay s ( dialup ).
/renew [Adapter]: yu cu cp li tham s DHCP cho tt c hoc 1 card mng.
Tham s ny ch kh dng trn my tnh c card mng ang cu hnh s dng
DHCP cp a ch ng.
/release [Adapter]: gi thng ip DHCPRELEASE n my ch DHCP tr li
a ch IP tr li my ch cho tt c hoc 1 card mng. Tham s ny s v hiu ha
cu hnh do my ch DHCP cp cho card mng.
Module 4-18
ipconfig
/flushdns: xa ni dung b m dch tn min cc b trn my tnh. Thng dng
trong khi tm cc li DNS.
/displaydns: hin th ni dung b m dch tn min cc b trn my tnh, bao
gm ni dung trong tp tin host v cc tn min nhn c t my ch DNS.
/registerdns: khi to ng k tn min v a ch IP c cu hnh trn my tnh.
Dng tm li ng k tn min hoc gii quyt cc cp nhn ng gia my
khch v my ch DNS m khng cn khi ng li my khch.
/showclassid Adapter: hin th ch danh lp ca my ch DHCP (DHCP class ID)
ca mt card mng. xem tt c card mng ta dng du * phn adapter. Tham
s ny ch kh dng trn my tnh c card mng ang cu hnh s dng DHCP
cp a ch ng.
/setclassid Adapter [ClassID]: cu hnh ch danh lp ca my ch DHCP ca 1
card mng. cu hnh tt c card mng ta dng du * phn adapter. Tham s
ny ch kh dng trn my tnh c card mng ang cu hnh s dng DHCP cp
a ch ng.
/?:hinthtr gip ca lnh.


+ Lnh ny c s dng kim tra xem mt my tnh c kt ni
vi mng khng. Lnh Ping s gi cc gi tin t my tnh bn ang
ngi ti my tnh ch. Thng qua gi tr m my tnh ch tr v i
vi tng gi tin, bn c th xc nh c tnh trng ca ng
truyn (chng hn: gi 4 gi tin nhng ch nhn c 1 gi tin,
chng t ng truyn rt chm (xu)). Hoc cng c th xc nh
my tnh c kt ni hay khng (Nu khng kt ni,kt qu l
Unknow host)....
Ping l chng trnh my tnh dng kim tra kh nng gi/nhn thng tin qua
mng IP. Ping hot ng bng cch gi gi ICMP echo request cho my ch
v lng nghe gi tin tr li ICMP echo response. s dng thi gian v tc
p ng, ping c th nh gi thi gian quay v v tc rt gi gia 2 my
tnh.
C php
ping [-t] [-a] [-n Count] [-l Size] [-f] [-i TTL] [-v TOS] [-r
Count] [-s Count] [{-j HostList | -k HostList}] [-w Timeout]
[TargetName]
Tham s
-t: ch dnh ping tip tc cho n khi b ngt. Ngt v thng k n Ctrl-Break.
Ngt v thot lnh ping, n Ctrl-C.
-a: ch nh dch IP Address thnh tn min. Nu thnh cng, ping s hin tn
min my ch.
-n Count: ch nh s ln gi thng ip echo-request. Mc nh l 4.
-l Size: ch nh kch thc bng byte ca trng d liu trong gi tin echo-
request. Mc nh l 32. gi tr ti a l 65,527.
-f: ch nh gi tin Echo Request c gi vi c hiu Don't Fragment t v
1. Thng ip echo-request khng th b fragment bi cc router trung gian
trn ng truyn n my ch. Tham s ny rt c ch trong vic g ri vn
MTU ca ng truyn.
6-33
-i TTL: ch nh gi tr trng Time-To-Live (TTL) ca gi Echo Request.
Mc nh gi tr TTL ph thuc vo h iu hnh. V d Windows XP l 128.
gi tr ti a ca TTL l 255.
-v TOS: ch nh gi tr Type of Service (TOS) ca gi Echo Request. Mc
nh l 0, TOS nhn gi tr t 0 n 255.
-r Count: ch nh tu chn Record Route trong IP header IP c dng
ghi nhn li danh sch cc thit b trung gian (hop) trn ng truyn t ngun
n ch. Mi thit b trung gian (hop) s to ra 1 dng thng tin, nu s dng
tham s Count s ch nh s lng ti a cc dng thng tin c ghi nhn li
gi tr hp l ca count l t 1 n 9.
-s Count: ch nh tham s Internet Timestamp trong IP header c s dng
ghi nhn li thi gian n ca thng ip Echo Request tng ng vi Echo
Reply ca mi thit b trung gian (hop), count c gi tr t 1 n 4.
-j HostList: ch nh gi tin Echo Request s dng Loose Source Route
option trong IP header vi tp danh sch cc thit b trung gian ch nh trong
HostList. Host list l 1 chui ti a l 9 a ch IP cch nhau bi khong trng.
-k HostList: ch nh gi tin Echo Request s dng Strict Source Route
option trong IP header vi tp danh sch cc thit b trung gian ch nh trong
HostList. Tham s strict source routing, cc thit b trung gian k tip phi ni
trc tip vi nhau. Host list l 1 chui ti a l 9 a ch IP cch nhau bi
khong trng.
-w Timeout: ch nh thi gian ch tnh mili giy bng gi tin Echo Reply.
Nu gi tin Echo Reply nhn c sau thi gian time-out th thng bo li
"Request timed out" s hin th, gi tr mc nh ca time-out l 4000 (4 giy).
TargetName: ch nh ch n bng tn min hoc a ch IP.
/?: hin th tr gip




+ Lnh ny s cho php bn "nhn thy" ng i ca cc gi tin t
my tnh ca bn n my tnh ch, xem gi tin ca bn vng qua
cc server no, cc router no
Cng c TRACERT dng xc nh ng i n ch bng cc s dng gi
tin ICMP gi n my ch, TRACERT dng gi IP c gi tr TTL khc nhau.
Bi v mi router trn ng i phi tr gi tr TTL ca gi tin 1 n v trc
khi gi chng i, gi tr TTL ng vai tr nh 1 b m hop. Khi TTL ca gi
tin bng 0, router s gi thng ip ICMP "Time Exceeded tr v cho my
ngun.
TRACERT gi gi tin echo u tin vi ttl = 1 v tng dn gi tr ttl cho cc
gi sau mi ln 1 n v, cho n khi gi tin i n ch hoc t c gi
tr ti a ca TTL. Thng ip ICMP "Time Exceeded" m cc router trung
gian gi tr li my ngun s cho php hin th li danh sch cc router trung
gian. Tuy nhin c 1 s router b cc gi tin c ttl=0 nhng khng gi li
ICMP "Time Exceeded" v nh vy cc router ny l khng nhn thy bi
TRACERT.
TRACERT in ra th t cc router trung gian cn c theo thng ip ICMP
"Time Exceeded" tr v. s dng tham s -d s cho php tracert khng thc
hin truy vn DNS cho mi a ch IP nhn c.
C php
tracert -d -h maximum_hops -j host-list -w timeout target_host
Parameters
-d: khng thc hin phn gii tn min
6-38
-h maximum_hops: ch nh s lng hop ti a trong qu trnh thc hin
-j host-list: ch nh loose source route bng danh sch host-list
-w timeout: i trong khong thi gian tnh bng milli giy nhn cc tr li
target_host: ch nh my ch theo tn hoc a ch IP









Wireshark shows packet info


SEQUENCE NUMBER :s th t / s hiu dy
ACKNOWLEDGMENT NUMBER : s xc nhn
- WireShark c mt b dy lch s. Gerald Combs l ngi u tin pht trin
phn mm ny. Phin bn u tin c gi l Ethereal c pht hnh nm 1998.
Tm nm sau k t khi phin bn u tin ra i, Combs t b cng vic hin ti
theo ui mt c hi ngh nghip khc. Tht khng may, ti thi im , ng
khng th t c tho thun vi cng ty thu ng v vic bn quyn ca
thng hiu Ethereal. Thay vo , Combs v phn cn li ca i pht trin
xy dng mt thng hiu mi cho sn phm Ethereal vo nm
2006,dntnlWireShark.
- WireShark pht trin mnh m v n nay, nhm pht trin cho n nay ln
ti 500 cng tc vin. Sn phm tn ti di ci tn Ethereal khng c pht
trin thm.
- Li ch Wireshark em li gip cho n tr nn ph bin nh hin nay. N c
th p ng nhu cu ca c cc nh phn tch chuyn nghip v nghip d v n
a ra nhiu tnh nng thu ht mi i tng khc nhau.

Cc giao thc c h tr bi WireShark:

WireShark vt tri v kh nng h tr cc giao thc (khong 850 loi), t nhng
loi ph bin nh TCP, IP n nhng loi c bit nh l AppleTalk v Bit
Torrent. V cng bi Wireshark c pht trin trn m hnh m ngun m, nhng
giao thc mi s c thm vo. V c th ni rng khng c giao thc no m
Wireshark khng th h tr.
Thn thin vi ngi dng: Giao din ca Wireshark l mt trong nhng giao
din phn mm phn tch gi d dng nht. Wireshark l ng dng ho vi h
thng menu rt r rng v c b tr d hiu. Khng nh mt s sn phm s
dng dng lnh phc tp nh TCPdump, giao din ho ca Wireshark tht tuyt
vi cho nhng ai tng nghin cu th gii ca phn tch giao thc.
Gi r: Wireshark l mt sn phm min ph GPL. Bn c th ti v v s dng
Wireshark cho bt k mc ch no, k c vi mc ch thng mi.
H tr: Cng ng ca Wireshark l mt trong nhng cng ng tt v nng ng
nht ca cc d n m ngun m.
H iu hnh h tr Wireshark: Wireshark h tr hu ht cc loi h iu hnh
hin nay.





Telnet: Telnet cho php gii lp phin thit b cui (terminal) ti mt my t xa,
thng l my UNIX, Router, hoc Switch. Vi trnh m phng thit b cui, bn
c th qun tr thit b mng nh th bn u ni trc tip bng thit b cui. Telnet
ch hu ch vi cc h thng dng giao din dng lnh n khng h tr mi trng
giao din ha. Bi v Telnet gi thng ip dng khng mt m hc nn km
an ton, bn c th dng Secure Shell (SSH) thay th cho telnet mt m ha d
liu.
The figure shows the range of port numbers available for each protocol and some
of the corresponding applications.

Telnet l mt cch truy cp thit b mng thng dng nht. Tuy nhin, telnet
khng an tan v v th khng phi l mt chn la. Secure Shell Protocol (SSH)
l mt tin ch an tan thay th telnet. Giao tip gia client v server c m ha
trong c SSH1 v SSH2. nn s dng SSH2 v n s dng thut tan m ha an
tan hn .
Mt cch d hiu, Telnet c dng giao tip vi cc my tnh khc v my
mc thng qua cch dng lnh. Giao din s nh sau:


Mc d khng phi l mt giao din d dng nhng li rt d hnh dung.

iu quan trng nht nn bit v Telnet


Mt trong nhng iu bn nn bit v Telnet l n khng phi l mt giao thc an
ton. Khi bn ng nhp vo mt my ch t xa bng cch s dng Telnet, tn
ngi dng v mt khu ca bn c gi i " mt cch r rng" - c ngha l,
khng h c phng php m ha no vi vn bn c gi i. iu c ngha l
thng tin ca bn c th c (tng i) d dng b chn v c s dng truy
cp n thit b . V l do ny (v nhiu ngi khc) Telnet phn ln c
thay th bng giao thc SSH an ton hn.

ng dng


Vy, Telnet da trn ngn ng v khng c an ton. Th nhng khng phi iu
li khin Telnet v dng. C 2 cch dng Telnet:

- Cu hnh thit b mng
- Tham gia cng ng online
2- S dng telnet:
Bt u t command prompt, g vo telnet, nu bn dng 9x, n s a
bn vo trnh windows telnet. Bn cng c th chy menu Start/Run.
ch nh lnh, bn c th dng cc lnh sau:
OPEN <hostname/site address> <port number> : m mt kt nI n my
tnh xa, gi l 1 telnet session
CLOSE : ng kt ni v tr v du nhc I lnh
QUIT: ng kt ni v thot telnet
<ENTER> : nhn phm enter s a bn thot khI ch du nhc lnh
v tr li telnet session
SET ECHO: bt/tt ch hin cc lnh nh vo trong windows telnet.
Lu trong 2k s l SET LOCAL_ECHO

kt ni, ta dng lnh OPEN hoc cng c th trc tip bng lnh
telnet <hostname/site address> <port number>
vd:
telnet anyhost.com 12345
Trying 123.123.112.12 port 12345
Connected to anyhost.com
Escape character is.

Sau khi kt ni xong, bn trong mt telnet session. C th dng k t
escape trn tr v du nhc lnh.

3- ng dng telnet truy cp POP email:
a- c mail:
Cc internet mail server cho php truy cp thng qua giao thc POP (Post
Office Protocol), cng 110. Nu POP server bn ang dng l
anyhost.com, th ta s dng lnh sau: telnet anyhost.com 110
Mt s cc lnh c th bn cn dng khi truy cp POP email
USER <username> : m hp th ca username
PASS <password> : mt khu cho hp th
LIST : lit k cc emails trong hp th
RETR <email number> : xem th c th t l number, c lit k trong
lnh LIST
TOP <email number> <message lines> : xem th nh RETR, nhng dng
li khi hin c s dng nht nh
DELE <email number> : xa th c th t number
QUIT : ng telnet session

V d, ta s truy cp vo yahoo xem mail, ta thc hin lnh:
telnet pop.mail.yahoo.com 110 <enter> v ch mt cht...
Nu thnh cng, bn s nhn c dng thng tin sau:
+OK hello from popgate

K t y, nu trc khi m 1 telnet session, bn c dng SET ECHO, th
nhng g bn nh vo s hin ln, khng th bn phi nhp cc lnh tht
chnh xc
Nhp tn user
USER w_hat95
+OK password required

Nhp mt khu
PASS anhyeuemnhieulam
+OK maildrop ready, 2 messages (2983 octets) (34232 2324232)

y, mail box ca ti c 2 tin, k n l tng kch thc ca cc email,
cc s cn li bn khng cn quan tm
Bn dng lnh list lit k cc email, bao gm stt v size:
list
1 1728
2 1205
.
xem mt mail c stt no , bn dng lnh retr <message number>
retr 1
Ch mt cht, bn s nhn c nhng thng tin y v mail , bao
gm ton b header v ni dung

vd:
+OK 1783 octets
X-Apparently-To: w_hat95@yahoo.com via web20306.mail.yahoo.com; 04
Jan 2002 23:4
8:08 -0800 (PST)
X-RocketRCL: 1037;1;2465408753
Received: from web11904.mail.yahoo.com (216.136.172.18)
by mta621.mail.yahoo.com with SMTP; 04 Jan 2002 23:48:08 -0800 (PST)
Message-ID: <20020105074808.35179.qmail@web11904.mail.yahoo.co
m>
Received: from [61.214.156.105] by web11904.mail.yahoo.com via HTTP;
Fri, 04 Jan
2002 23:48:08 PST
Date: Fri, 4 Jan 2002 23:48:08 -0800 (PST)
From: Joel <joel@yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: hi?
To: F M <w_hat95@yahoo.com>
In-Reply-To: <20020102080654.68330.qmail@web20307.mail.yahoo.co
m>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="0-888944639-
1010216888=:34368"
......vvv
.

V nhng thng tin trong email header,bn t tm hiu ly! )
Nu nhng thng tin lit k trn qu nhiu, bn khng kp xem, hy dng
lnh top <mess number> <showed lines> lit k theo s lng dng
nht nh
vd: top 1 10 -> s lit k 10 dng u (k c header) ca email s 1, sau
khi hin xong 10 dng cho bn xem, ch vi giy, n s tip tc hin cc
dng k tip cho n khi ton b email c xem!?

xa 1 email, bn dng lnh dele <email number>
vd: dele 2 -> s xa email th 2 trong danh sch
Sau khi check xong emails, bn ng telnet session bng lnh QUIT, bn
s c a v du nhc lnh
Bt li ca vic check email POP dng telnet l bn khng c c giao
din d nhn nh cc trnh check POP mail khc. Bn cng khng th tr
li t cc mail c c.

b- Gi mail:
Tng t nh trn, cc internet mail server s cung cp mt giao thc l
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) cho php bn send email thng qua
server , cng 25.

Mt s lnh bn cn dng:
HELO <hostname> : gii thiu host, thng tin ny khng cn thit
MAIL FROM: <email ca ngi gi>
RCPT TO: <emails ca ngi nhn>
DATA <nhp data ca bn>: sau khi enter, bn nhp ni dung email. Sau
khi nhp xong, mun kt thc, bn phi xung hng v nhp du chm '.'
RSET xa cc thng tin ln gi mi nht, dng khi bn mun gi n mt
ngi khc
QUIT : thot
HELP <lnh> xem tr gip v cc lnh, lnh ny ty thuc vo mail server
bn ang connect

V d, i vi yahoo:
Bn thc hin lnh telnet smtp.mail.yahoo.com 25
Ch mt lc, nu kt ni thnh cng, bn s nhn c thng tin sau:
220 smtp011.mail.yahoo.com ESMTP
Kt ni:
helo smtp.mail.yahoo.com
250 smtp011.mail.yahoo.com

Nhp thng tin ngi gi:
mail from: w_hat95@yahoo.com
250 ok
Nhp thng tin ngi nhn:
rcpt to: joel@yahoo.com Joel
250 ok
Nhp ni dung:

data blsdfsdfsd
354 go ahead

Subject: hi Joel, how r u these days?
Hi Joel,
R u busy this late evening?
If ur free, get to Mo^.ng Mo* bar. I need to talk to you.
See ya,
W_Hat
.
250 ok 1010373599 qp 48077

ng telnet session
Quit

Bn c th thao kho mt v d v send mail thng qua SMTP ti:
http://www.kbcafe.com/articles/smtp.html
Telnet l mt ng dng cho php ngi dng ngi trn mt thit b u cui c th thng qua kt
ni mng n mt thit b t xa iu khin n bng cu lnh nh l ang ngi ti my xa. Mt
my trm c th thc hin ng thi nhiu phin telnet n nhiu a ch IP khc nhau. ng thi
i vi cng mt host ch xa, c th telnet n cc cng khc nhau (v d cng 80 ca web, cng
20,21 ca FTP).

Hot ng ca telnet

Telnet hot ng theo phin, mi phin l mt kt ni truyn d liu theo giao thc TCP vi cng
23.

Telnet hot ng theo m hnh client server trong client l mt phn mm chy trn my trm
ti ch m ngi dng s dng, phn mm ny s cung cp giao din hin th ngi dng g
lnh iu khin.

Phn server l dch v chy trn my t xa lng nghe v x l cc kt ni v cu lnh c gi n
t my trm ti ch.

Cu lnh my trm ti ch (terminal) s c ng gi bng giao thc TCP v truyn n a ch
IP ca my xa. My xa s bc tch gi tin v c ra cu lnh thc hin. Kt qu tr v s
c my t xa ng gi li v gi cho my ti ch. Cc cu lnh iu khin t xa ca telnet do vy
s c ng gi v truyn song song vi d liu trn mt mng my tnh. Cc gi tin ca telnet do
cng c nh tuyn nh cc gi d liu n c my ch v ngc li.



ng truyn ca telnet l fullduplex, cho php c client v server c th truyn d liu ng thi.

Telnet cho php kt ni v iu khin nhiu thit b ca cc hng khc nhau, thm ch chy cc h
iu hnh khc nhau ch cn gia 2 my c mt kt ni IP thng sut. c kt ni IP cc
my phi trong cng mt mng hoc cc mng khc nhau nhng c th nh tuyn n nhau
c. Cc thit b lp 3 (router, switch layer 3 hoc gateway s xy dng tuyn ng gia 2 thit
b) trn , cu lnh s c ng gi v gi mt cch tin cy bng giao thc TCP.

S cu lnh telnet c th thc hin c ph thuc vo dch v c my t xa cung cp. Dch v
telnet ca router Cisco cho php my trm ti ch c th nhp vo v gi i tt c cc cu lnh nh
khi cu hnh trc tip trn router. Mt s thit b khc v h iu hnh khc th ch cho php thc
hin cc cu lnh gii hn m thi.

Cc bc thc hin phin telnet

Ta c th bt cc dch v telnet trn cc thit b khc nhau (PC, router, switch, modem, gateway)
ca cc hng sn xut khc nhau (Microsoft, Cisco, Zoom). Phn ny tm hiu cc bt dch v
telnet cho router ca Cisco
NETSTAT
Lnh Netstat : C php: Code: Netstat [/a][/e][/n]
Lnh Netstat cho php ta lit k tt c cc kt ni ra v vo my
tnh ca chng ta.
- Tham s /a: Hin th tt c cc kt ni v cc cng ang lng nghe
(listening)
- Tham s /e: hin th cc thng tin thng k Ethernet
- Tham s /n: Hin th cc a ch v cc s cng kt ni...

V d: Java client (TCP)
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
class TCPClient {
public static void main(String argv[]) throws Exception
{
String sentence;
String modifiedSentence;
BufferedReader inFromUser =
new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); //to input stream
Socket clientSocket = new Socket("hostname", 6789); //to client socket kt ni
vo server
DataOutputStream outToServer = new
DataOutputStream(clientSocket.getOutputStream());//to output stream gn vo
socket
BufferedReader inFromServer = new BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream())); //to input stream gn vo
socket
sentence = inFromUser.readLine();
outToServer.writeBytes(sentence + ' \n'); //gi dng n server
modifiedSentence = inFromServer.readLine(); //c dng t server
System.out.println("FROM SERVER: " + modifiedSentence);
clientSocket.close();
}
}

V d: Java server (TCP)
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
class TCPServer {
public static void main(String argv[]) throws Exception
{
String clientSentence;
String capitalizedSentence;
ServerSocket welcomeSocket = new ServerSocket(6789); //to socket mi tip xc
ti port 6789
while(true) {
Socket connectionSocket = welcomeSocket.accept(); //ch, client tip cn vi
server
BufferedReader inFromClient = new BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader(connectionSocket.getInputStream())); //to innput stream gn
vo socket
DataOutputStream outToClient = new
DataOutputStream(connectionSocket.getOutputStream());//to output stream gn
vo socket
clientSentence = inFromClient.readLine(); //c dng t socket
capitalizedSentence = clientSentence.toUpperCase() + ' \n';
outToClient.writeBytes(capitalizedSentence); //vit dng ra t socket
} //kt thc vng lp while quay li v ch cho kt ni ca client khc
}
}