TRNG I HC NNG NGHIP H NI

KHOA CNG NGH THC PHM

KHA LUN TT NGHIP
Tn ti:
Nghin cu quy trnh ch bin bt dinh dng
t khoai lang tm

Ngi thc hin :H Th Yn
Lp :K55CNTPB
Kha :2010-2014
Gio vin hng dn: 1.TS. Hong Th L Hng
B mn Bo qun ch bin Vin nghin
cu rau qu
2. GV.TS.Trn Th nh
B mn Ch bin thc phm



H NI, 5/2014
PHN TH NHT M U
1.1. t vn
Cuc sng ngy cng pht trin con ngi cng quan tm n sc khe v
vn an ton thc phm. X hi hin i khng ch l n no, mc m m dn
dn l n ngon, mc p v n ngy nay con ngi khng ch l n ngon m
phi l n y , dinh dng ti u. D rt quan tm, nhng vi nhp sng hin
i, thi gian dnh cho n ung ca con ngi ngy cng b thu hp. p ng
nhu cu ny nghnh cng nghip thc phm hin i hng n vic em n
cho x hi nhng loi thc phm, n nhanh va tin dng va p ng y
nhu cu dinh dng. Bt dinh dng ang l mt la chn p ng nhu
cu tt nht ng thi yu cu tin dng v y dinh dng.
Trong nhng nm gn y nng nghip nc ta t c nhiu thnh tu to
ln. Ngoi p ng nhu cu trong nc chng ta xut khu nng sn v ch
phm ca chng ng gp khng nh vo thu nhp quc dn. Nh c thin
nhin u i vi kh hu nhit i gi ma, nng sn nc ta rt phong ph v r
tin ng thi c gi tr dinh dng cao. Khoai lang tm l mt v d in hnh.
y l mt ging khoai c ngun gc t Nht Bn mi c nhp v nc ta
trng v cho kt qu rt kh quan, em li thu nhp n nh cho ngi nng dn.
Khoai lang c xem l mt loi lng thc thc phm tt cho vic a dng
cht bt ng trong khu phn n, h tr qu trnh tiu ha v chng rt d tiu,
nng lng ca khoai lang cng tng ng khi so vi khoai lang v khoai ty.
Mc d trn cng mt n v trong lng, khoai lang ch cung cp s nng
lng bng 1/3 so vi la go v la m do hm lng nc cao hn [15]. Tuy
nhin, trn cng mt n v din tch, khoai lang li cho nng sut cao hn nng
sut la [8]. V vy trn cng mt n v din tch v thi gian, khoai lang cho
nng sut cht bt ng cao gp 1,5 ln v gi tr thu nhp gp 1,7 ln so vi
la [5]. Ngoi ra, trong khoai lang tm c cha hm lng anthocyanin cao, y
l mt hp cht ha hc c chng minh l khng c v c rt nhiu tc
dng ngn nga bnh tt, chng xy ha [10]. Trong nghnh cng nghip thc
phm, anthocyanin c nhng c tnh qu, l cht mu thc phm t nhin, an
ton vi sc khe con ngi. Nhng vic s dng khoai lang tm hang ngy vn
b hn ch, mt mt v khoai lang tm c trng c ma v. Mt khc v tc
dng ca n vn cha c bit n rng ri.
V vy, trong phm vi iu kin nghin cu, chng ti tin hnh thc hin
ti Nghin cu quy trnh ch bin bt dinh dng t khoai lang tm, nhm
to ra sn phm c cht lng tt, d s dng, an ton v c li vi sc khe,
gp phn a dng ha sn phm bt dinh dng trn th trng
1.2. Mc ch v yu cu
1.2.1. Mc ch
Xy dng c quy trnh ch bin bt dinh dng t khoai lang tm
c gi tr dinh dng cao, m bo v sinh an ton thc phm
1.2.2.Yu cu
La chn nguyn liu ph hp cho ch bin
Xc nh c cc thng s cng ngh ca cng on lm chn, lm kh.
Xc nh c bin php lm nh ph hp nhm to ra bt khoai lang c
mn theo yu cu v hn ch tn tht.
Xc nh c t l phi trn ca cc nguyn liu trn c s thnh phn
nguyn liu v nhu cu dinh dng
Xy dng c quy trnh ch bin bt dinh dng t khoai lang tm
Tnh ton gi thnh sn phm
PHN TH HAI TNG QUAN TI LIU
2.1. Tnh hnh sn xut bt dinh dng
2.1.1. Trn th gii
Hip Hi thng tin thc phm quc t (IFIC), nh ngha: Thc phm
chc nng l thc phm mang n nhng li ch cho sc kho vt xa hn dinh
dng c bn.
L nhm sn phm thc phm b dng, tng cng sc kho ca con
ngi. Cc sn phm bt dinh dng v cng a dng v mu m hnh thc
cng nh thnh phn cu to nn. Ti M, tp on K-Link a ra sn phm l
bt dinh dng Organic K-BioGreen, c tng hp t 58 thnh phn hp cht
hu c c ngun gc t thin nhin nh u, rau xanh, ng cc, to bin v cc
hp cht enzyme. Chng c kh nng lm sch, loi b v gii cc cht c,
phc hi cc chc nng trong c th v cng c h thng min dch[18].
c cng ty BlueBiotech Int sn xut bt dinh dng thp nng lng
Spirulina Diat Drink (Spirulina Diet Drink). Thnh phn bt gm to xon
Spirulina v to lc tiu cu Chorella cng vi hn 15 loi rau c cc loi v cc
loi vi cht v cc cht x ho tan nh bt u nnh, bt go, cht x c ci
ng, bt yn mch, du cc loi rau qu, cm yn mch, tinh x to, Lecithin,
Inulin, qu da, papain, bromelain,[19]
Tr em cng l i tng c quan tm trong x hi, bn cnh cc sn
phm sa th hin nay nhm sn phm bt cng c pht trin vi nhiu nhn
hng v b sung nhiu thnh phn phong ph. Ti Hn Quc, tp on NamJang
c sn phm bt dinh dng MasterPiece1,2,3,4. C th thy rng trn th gii
cc sn phm bt dinh dng v ang rt pht trin phc v rt nhiu i
tng t ngi gi, tr em, vn ng vin hay ngi c nhu cu gim cn,
Thnh phn bt dinh dng cng rt a dng c ngun gc t t nhin nh: to
Spirullina; cht Creatine t c , tht v mt s loi tho dc hay b sung cc
tinh cht t cc sn phm thc vt.


2.1.2. Vit Nam
B Y t Vit Nam: Thng t s 08/TT-BYT ngy 23/8/2004 v vic
Hng dn vic qun l cc sn phm thc phm chc nng a ra nh
ngha: Thc phm chc nng l thc phm dng h tr chc nng ca cc
b phn trong c th ngi, c tc dng dinh dng, to cho c th tnh trng
thoi mi, tng sc khng v gim bt nguy c gy bnh.
Thc phm chc nng c th s dng thng xuyn, lu di nhm nui
dng (thc n qua sonde), b dng hoc phng nga cc nguy c gy bnh
m vn an ton, khng c c hi, khng c phn ng ph.
Bt dinh dng cng l mt trong nhng sn phm gip tng cng sc
kho ang c pht trin Vit Nam. Bt dinh dng l nhm thc phm a
dng v chng loi, phc v nhiu la tui: tr em, ngi gi, ph n mang thai,
ngi bnh v cc i tng khc c nhu cu. Cc nhn hiu nh Ridielac,
Nestl, Vi cc cc sn phm b sung tht, ng cc, tri cy,...Vi cc mc
gi khc nhau ty vo mi loi sn phm.
2.2. Ngun gc cy khoai lang
Khoai lang c ngun gc nguyn thy t vng nhit i chu M. Hu ht
cc bng chng kho c hc, ngn ng hc v lch s hc u cho thy chu M
l khi nguyn ca cy Khoai lang. (Tr11.Cy c c v k thut thm canh,
quyn 1 cy khoai lang, Ts.Trnh Xun Ng - PGS.TS inh Th Lc)
Theo Engel (1970) t nhng mu Khoai lang kh thu c ti hang ng
Chilca Canyon (Peru) sua khi phn tch phng x cho thy c tui t 8.000
n 10.000 nm.
Theo quan im ca Obrien (1972) v kin ca Yen (1982) trung tm
khi nguyn chnh xc ca Khoai lang l Trung hoc Nam m khi ngi chu
u u tin t chn ti
V vy, khoai lang c coi l ngun lng thc quan trng ca ngi
Mayan Trung M v ngi Pruvian vng ni Andet (Nam M).
* Tnh hnh sn xut khoai lang trn th gii
Khoai lang l mt trong 5 cy c c quan trng trn th gii: Sn, Khoai
lang, Khoai m, Khoai s, Khoai ty. Theo s liu thng k ca Fao nm 2012,
din tch trng khoai lang trn th gii t 8,087 triu ha, nng sut bnh qun
12,75 tn/ha v tng sn lng 103,145 triu tn. Trong sn lng ca Trung
Quc i lc l 73,140 triu tn, Nigeria l 3,4 triu tn, Vit Nam l 1,42 triu
tn, Ugada 2,65 triu tn, Tanzania 3,02 triu tn,( http://faostat.fao.org, ngy
truy cp: 3/5/2014)
*Tnh hnh sn xut khoai lang Vit Nam
Theo cc ti liu c nh sch Thc vt bn tho, Lnh nam tp k v
Qung ng tn ng ca L Qu n (Vin Hn nm, 1995) th cy khoai
lang gn nh chc chn l cy trng nhp ni v c th c a vo nc ta t
nc L Tng (o Luzon ngy nay) vo khong cui i nh Minh cai tr nc
ta.
Sch Bin nin lch s C Trung i Vit Nam (Nh xut bn Khoa Hc
X Hi 1987) c ghi: Nm 1558 (nm Mu Ng), Khoai lang t Philippin
c a vo Vit Nam, trng u tin An Trng Th tm thi ca i
L Trung Hng (Hu L), nay thuc huyn Th Xun, tnh Thanh Ha. Nh
vy Khoai lang c mt Vit Nam cch y khong gn 450 nm. (Tr13.Cy
c c v k thut thm canh, quyn 1 cy khoai lang, Ts.Trnh Xun Ng -
PGS.TS inh Th Lc)
Trong qu trnh pht trin sn xut nng nghip nc ta Khoai lang
chim mt v tr quan trng trong sn xut lng thc, ng th 3 sau La v
Ng. nhng vng sn xut la gp kh khn, vng t bc mu, t ct ven
binKhoai lang chim v tr ngang hoc cao hn sn xut La.
Cc ging khoai lang:




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*Khoai lang tm
Ging khoai lang MURASAKIMASARI (Nht tm 1)


Ging Murasa Kimasari c ngun gc Nht Bn, do Trung tm Nghin cu
Thc nghim Nng nghip Hng Lc nhp ni nm 1994 t Cng ty. Ging
tuyn chn v gii thiu nm 2002.(Hoang Kim, Nguyen Thi Thuy 2003) hin
c trng vng ng bng sng Cu Long, bn ti cc ch u mi v siu
th. Ging c thi gian sinh trng: 105-110 ngy. Nng sut c ti: 10-22. t
l cht kh 27-30%. cht lng c luc kh ngon, v c mu tm sm, tht c
mu tm m, dng c u p, dy tm xanh, nhim nh sng v su c dy.
( FOODCROPS.VN Ging khoai lang Vit Nam , 12 March 2014 22:36,
TS. Hong Kim, Trng i hc Nng Lm TP. H Ch Minh
http://foodcrops.blogspot.com/2010/01/giong-khoai-lang-o-viet-nam.html)
Khoai lang (Ipomena batatas, l mt loi cy thuc h bm bm
Convolvulacae), (theo cun T in thc vt thng dng, tp 2, V Vn Chi,
NXB Khoa hc v K thut, Tr.1446) Khoai Lang c ngun gc t vng nhit
i chu M, sau lan truyn sang cc o Thi Bnh Dng ny c trng
khp cc vng nhit i, mt s vng cn nhit i. y l loi cy trng c
tim nng v nng sut sinh hc cao, a bn pht trin rng, thch hp vi nhiu
loi t. Khoai lang l loi cy a dng, c c s dng nh mt loi rau, thn
l rt giu tin vitamin A v vitamin C ng thi c cha mt hm lng protein
tng i cao (25-30% cht kh) so vi cc l cy trng khc[6].
Ngy nay, khoai lang c trng rng khp trong cc khu vc nhit i v
n i m vi lng nc h tr s pht trin ca n. Vit Nam khoai
lang trng rt ph bin, trc y ch yu ng bng cc vng t bi ven
sng, nay khoai lang c trng nhiu c cc vng i, trung du t Bc vo
Nam.
Khoai lang pht trin rt tt trong iu kin v t, nc v phn bn. N
cng c rt t k th t nhin nn thuc tr dch hi l t khi phi dng ti. Do n
c nhn ging bng cc on thn nn khoai lang tng i d trng. Trong
khu vc nhit i, khoai lang c th ngoi ng v thu hoch khi cn thit
cn ti khu vc n i th n thng c thu hoch trc khi sng gi bt u
[13].
2.3. Thnh phn dinh dng trong c khoai lang tm
Nhng nghin cu gn y cho thy ging khoai lang tm c cha mt
lng anthocyanin ng k vi tc dng khng xy ha rt mnh, c kh nng
kim ch t bin t bo ung th, ngn nga ung th, h huyt p, phng nga
bnh tim mch. Cht mu trong khoai lang tm hin ang c mt s nh khoa
hc trn th gii nghin cu thu nhn cht mu thc phm thin nhin thay
th cho mu nhn to. Bao gm cc hp cht phenol, anthocyanin, carotenoid,
trong khoai lang tm cha cht chng xy ha tng s nhiu nht, k n l
khoai lang vng v khoai lang trng.
Bng 2.1: Hm lng cc cht chng oxy ha trong 100g ca cc loi khoai
lang [9]
Thnh phn
Mu sc c
Trng Vng Tm
Hp cht phenolic (%)
0,55-1,36 0,77-1,16 0,02-3,04
Anthocyanin (%)
0-0,08 0,01-0,13 0,23-1,82
Carotenoid (g)
0,40-14,75 0,33-56,93 0,37-4,32
Tng s cht oxy ha (g trolox equiv/g)
809-2979 1424-3047 1751-5600
Hm lng cht kh (%)
25,7-40,7 25,4-37,0 33,2-41,7
Bng 2.2: Hm lng cc cht vi lng trong 100g ca cc loi khoai lang
Thnh phn
Mu sc c
Trng Vng Tm
Hm lng St (ppm) 60,7 80,1 48,7
Hm lng Km (ppm) 9,9 9,8 8,7
Hm lng Canxi (%) 0,14 0,19 0,18
Hm lng Kali (%) 0,87 0,96 0,90
Hm lng cht kh (%) 36,4 29,5 38,2
(Ngun: Trch t bng thnh phn dinh dng thc phm Vit Nam Vin Dinh
dng B Y T NXB Y hc H Ni 2007
Bng 2.3: Thnh phnh phn dinh trn 100 g n c ca khoai lang v
mt s thc phm khc
Thnh phn
dinh dng
Khoai
lang ti
Khoai
lang ngh
ti
Khoai
mn
Khoai
s
Khoai
ty
Khoai
lang kh
Go
t
Rau
mung
Nng lng
(Kcal)
119 116 109 114 92 333 344 23
Protein (g) 0,8 1,2 1,5 1,8 2,0 2,2 7,9 3,2
Lipid (g) 0,2 0,3 0,2 0,1 0,5 1,0
Glucid (g) 28,5 27,1 25,2 26,5 21,0 80 76,2 2,5
X (g) 1,3 0,8 1,2 1,2 1,0 3,6 0,4 1,0
Calci (mg) 34 36 44 64 10 30 100
Phospho
(mg)
49 56 44 75 50 104 37
St (mg) 1,0 0,9 0,8 1,5 1,2 1,3 1,4
Caroten
(mcg)
150 1470 10,0 29 2280
Vitamin B1
(mg)
0,05 0,12 0,09 0,06 0,1 0,09 0,1 0,1
Vitamin B2
(mg)
0,05 0,05 0,03 0,03 0,05 0,07 0,03 0,09
Vitamin PP
(mg)
0,6 0,6 0,1 0,1 0,9 1,6 0,7
Vitamin C
(mg)
23 30 4 4 10 2
(Ngun: Trch bng thnh phn dinh dng thc phm Vit Nam Vin Dinh
dng B Y T NXB Y hc H Ni 2007)
Cc vi cht c trong khoai lang kh di do, n khoai lang n thun m
bo cung cp tha lng vitamin A, p ng 28% nhu cu Vitamin C, 25% cht
manganese, 16% cht ng, x v vitamin B6, 8% cht st v Kali
2.4.Hp cht anthocyanin


Hp cht anthocyanin c trong khoai lang tm vi hm lng t 0,23-
1,82%.y l hp cht thuc nhm flavonoid. Anthocyanin l cht mu t nhin
c nhiu tnh cht, tc dng qu bu, bi vy n c s dng ngy cng rng
ri trong cng nghip thc phm cng nh trong y hc. Trong sn xut thc
phm cng vi cc cht mu t nhin khc nh carotenoid, clorofil, anthocyanin
gip sn phm hi phc li mu t nhin ban u, to ra mu sc hp dn cho
mi sn phm. ng thi do c kh nng khng oxy ha nn chng cn c
dng lm bn cht bo. Trong y hc tc dng ca anthocyanin rt a dng
nn c ng dng rng ri. Do kh nng lm gim tnh thm thnh mch v
thnh t bo nn c s dng trong trng hp chy mu, hoc c nguy c
chy mu. Kh nng chng oxy ha ca anthocyanin c s dng chng lo
ha, hn ch s gim sc khng do s suy gim ca h thng min dch, nh
c tc dng chng tia phng x nn c th h tr cho c th sng trong mi
trng c nhng bc x in t[9]. Theo nghin cu ca David Heber, i hc
Harvard (M), cht anthocyanin c th ct c cn au tim, gim thiu cc tn
thng no lin quan t qu v ngn cn s to thnh cc cc mu ng trong
lng mch mu ( nguyn nhn dn n tc mch, gy tai bin mch mu no v
nhng cn nhi mu c tim t ngt), hn ch s suy gim sc khng. Cc
nh khoa hc cng chng minh c rng anthocyanin c tc dng tt trong
chng lo ha, ngn nga s pht trin ca cc khi u, bu, hn ch nguy c b
t qu, gim nguy c mc ung th Khi tim mt lng nh anthocyanin
chit xut t khoai lang vo cc t bo ung th rut gi, cht ny chng t
kh nng ngn chn t bo ung th pht trin. Cc nh nghin cu cng pht
hin trong mt s trng hp, s bin i v cu trc ca cc phn t
anthocyanin cng lm tng kh nng chng ung th ca chng. Cc nghin cu
cn cho thy anthocyanin cn c tc dng tt trong vic iu ha lng ng
huyt ca nhng bnh nhn i tho ng,
2.5. Thu hoch v bo qun khoai lang tm
Do hm lng nc c trong khoai lang kh ln (khong 80% trng
lng) nn khoai lang ti sau khi thu hoch nu c cht thnh ng m
khng c phng php bo qun th cht lng s b gim rt mnh. Trong iu
kin nhit cao, cc hot ng sinh l trong c khoai hot ng mnh, lm cho
lng tinh bt tiu hao nhanh chng. Hn na do khoai c lp v ngoi kh
mng nn tc dng bo v km, d xy st, thi nn vi sinh vt gy h hng d
xm nhp (c bit l do Silasphoccmicalius h Cuculionidac, b Coleoptera)
gy ra hin tng khoai h, gy thi rng v nm mc pht trin[5].
Thu hoch: Khoai lang thu hoch bo qun phi tuyt i khng c
dnh nc, nn thu hoch vo ngy kh ro. Thu hoch khoai phi nh nhng,
trnh b va p try xc.
Bo qun: Sau qu trnh x l trn khoai lang c bo qun bng cch
ph lp ct kh v t bt vng, thi gian bo qun thch hp l hai thng
m bo hiu qu kinh t[3].
2.6. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th khoai lang
2.6.1 Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th khoai lang trn th gii trn th gii
Khoai lang l cy lng thc ng th 5 th gii sau cy la, la m, bp
v khoai m (sn). Khoai lang c canh tc trn 100 nc trn th gii, tp
trung ch yu cc nc c thu nhp thp. Sn lng khoai lang hng nm trn
th gii c tnh khong 133 triu tn. Tp trung Trung Quc vi khong 100
triu tn (chim 82% sn lng khoai lang th gii), tip n l Nigeria (3,2
triu tn, chim 3% sn lng), Uranda (2,6 triu tn) , Vit Nam (1,5 triu tn)
v Nht Bn (1,1 triu tn)[].
2.6.2. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th khoai lang ti Vit Nam
Vit Nam khoai lang c trng t rt lu vi mc ch lm lng thc.
Trc y ch yu cc vng ng bng t bi ven sng, nay khoai lang
c trng nhiu cc vng i, trung du t Bc v Nam. Vng trng nhiu
Khoai lang tm nht l Lt v mt s tnh min Nam nh: An Giang, Vnh
Long, Kin Giang, cho sn lng kh ln, em li thu nhp n nh cho nng
dn cc tnh ny. Ngoi vic s dng trc tip lm thc n. Trn th trng
cng xut hin mt s sn phm ch bin t khoai lang nh: Khoai lang sy
gin, khoai lang do,[]
2.7. Cc sn phm t khoai lang
Khoai Lang t xa xa vn c s dng lm lng thc, c c luc n
hoc thi lt phi kh hoc ch ly bt ch bin mn n, ch bin mch nha,
glucoz, cn, lm nguyn liu cng nghip, lm thc n chn nui, dung trong
cng nghip dc phm.

PHN TH BA
I TNG, NI DUNG V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
3.1. i tng v nguyn vt liu nghin cu
3.1.1. Nguyn liu
Nguyn liu chnh:
Khoai lang tm: Ging khoai lang tm Nht mua ti Vnh Long. C to u
v khng b h (Sng), khng thi hng, khng c mm,..
Nguyn liu ph:
u xanh, go np, u H Lan : Mua Tru Qu - Gia Lm H Ni :
Phi m bo khng b mi mt, b v, c ht en, nm mc, thi hng...
Cc cht to hng, to v,..(vani, ng,.)
Cc nguyn liu c mua ti cc i l bn bun, bn l ti khu vc Tru
Qu-Gia Lm-H Ni.
3.1.2.Vt liu
Chu, x, Gi, r nha, dao, Bao b bo qun: Ti thic 3 lp, ti PE
3.1.3.Thit b
My p n; Ni hp my ly tm; My nghin nh; My sy; My sy
ng kh; My phn tch m; My so mu 6305; My cc ph xung vi phn
CPA-VIS; My quang ph UV-VIS; T lnh ng
3.2.Ni dung nghin cu
Xc nh cc thng s cng ngh ca cng on lm chn, lm kh
nguyn liu cho mc ch ch bin bt dinh dng.
Xc nh bin php lm nh ph hp nhm to ra bt khoai lang c
mn theo yu cu v hn ch tn tht.
Xc nh t l phi trn ca cc nguyn liu cho mc ch ch bin sn
phm bt dinh dng.
Xy dng quy trnh ch bin bt dinh dng t khoai lang tm.
3.3.Phng php nghin cu
3.3.1.Phng php b tr th nghim
Th nghim 1: Nghin cu thng s cng ngh ca cng on lm chn, lm kh
nguyn liu cho mc ch ch bin bt dinh dng.
Lm chn: Phng php hp
Mu i chng: Khng tin hnh lm chn. Trc tip sy kh
B tr th nghim:
Nhit hi
nc (
o
C)
Thi gian hp (Pht)
80 100 120
3
CT51 CT61 CT71
5
CT52 CT62 CT72
7
CT53 CT63 CT73
9
CT54 CT64 CT74
Lm kh, sy:
Nhit (
o
C)
Thi gian (h)
60 70 80 90
8
CT81 CT91 CT01 CT04
10
CT82 CT92 CT02 CT05
12
CT83 CT93 CT03 CT06
Ch tiu nh gi bn thnh phm: m, hm lng anthocyanin, nh
gi cm quan.
Th nghim 2: Nghin cu xc nh bin php lm nh ph hp nhm to ra bt
khoai lang c mn theo yu cu.
Tin hnh kho st mt s phng php lm nh nh nghin ba, nghin
bi... trn c s xc nh cht lng ca sn phm bt nh mn, m, mu
sc, mi v, t l thu hi sn phm, ch tiu vi sinh... la chn phng php
lm nh thch hp.

Cng thc CT N1 CT N2 CT N3
Loi my nghin
Nghin ba Nghin bi Nghin
Phng php nh gi: Cho im cm quan
Th nghim 3: Nghin cu xc dnh t l phi trn ca cc nguyn liu cho mc
ch ch bin sn phm bt dinh dng t khoai lang tm.
Tin hnh s dng cc loi nguyn liu ph c trong thnh phn bt dinh
dng ang c tiu th trn th trng (nh u H Lan, u xanh,...) phi
ch vi bt khoai lang cc nng khc nhau. Trn c s xc nh cc ch tiu
cht lng ca bt dinh dng to ra (thnh phn dinh dng- hm lng cc
cht protein, lipid, cht x, vitamin C, cht khong,.., mu sc, mi v,...) t
thnh phn nguyn liu. t xc nh c loi, phng php x l v t l
phi trn nguyn liu cho thch hp.
Phi trn cc nguyn liu theo cc t l (%) bt thnh phn nh sau:
Thnh
phn (%)
Khoai
lang
Go
np
u
xanh
u
Tng
ng Sa Mui
CT-SP1
39 17 12 12 12 5 2
CT-SP2
44 12 12 12 12 5 2
CT-SP3
49 7 12 12 12 5 2
CT-SP4
56 2 12 12 12 5 2
Phng php nh gi: Cho im cm quan, Xc nh thnh phn dinh
dng v cc ch tiu ( l ha, vi sinh,) theo mc ch dinh dng v tiu
chun k thut.
3.3.2.Phng php phn tch
3.3.2.1. Phng php phn tch cc ch tiu vt l
Xc nh kch thc c: Bng thc kp hin s (sai s 0,1mm)
Xc nh khi lng c: Bng cn k thut (sai s 0,01g)
Xc nh cng: cng ca khoai lang c o bng my Mitutoyo ca
Nht Bn da trn nguyn tc cng mt trng lng nn 200g, o ln ca c
khoai, c cng mm th ln cng cao v ngc li.
Xc nh m
m c xc nh bng phng php sy n khi lng khng i
m ca nguyn liu c tnh theo cng thc:
W= (m
1
m
2
)/100
Trong : W:
m ca nguyn liu (%)
M
1
:
Khi lng mu trc khi sy (g)
M
2
Khi lng mu sau khi sy (g)
3.3.3.Phng php phn tch ha sinh
Xc nh hm lng ng tng s (%) bng phng php Graxianop
(hay phng php Ferixianua).
Xc nh hm lng anthocyanin tng s c xc nh bng phng
php pH vi sai (AOAC 2005.02)
Xc nh hm lng protein bng phng php Kjiedhal (AOAC 981.10,
991.20)
Xc nh hm lng lipid bng phng php Soxhle (AOAC 920.39)
Xc nh hm lng cellulose: Da vo tnh cht ca cellulose l cht bn
di tc dng ca acid mnh v kim mnh, cn cc cht khc thng i km
ci cellulose nh hemiluloza, lignin,... t bn vi tc dng ca acid v kim nn
b oxy ha, phn gii v tan vo dung dch khi x l nguyn liu bng dung dch
kim v bng hn hp acid nitric vi acid axetic.
Hm lng cellulose c tnh nh sau:
%X = a*100/w
Trong : %X- Hm lng cellulose tnh bng (%)
W- Khi lng mu th nghim (g)
a-Khi lng cellulose (g)
Xc nh hm lng tro da trn nguyn tc nhit cao trn 500
o
C, cc
cht hu c b t chy hon ton, phn cn li l tro
Xc nh hm lng glucid: Theo phn trm cht kh tr i tng hm
lng cc cht protein, lipid, cellulose v tro.
%G=100-(% protein + %lipid +% cht tro + % m)
3.3.4.Phng php nh gi cm quan cht lng sn phm
nh gi cht lng cm quan theo phng php cho im Hedonic:
3.4.Quy trnh sn xut d kin
Trn c s quy trnh cng ngh ch bin bt dinh dng ang c p
dng, sau y l xut quy trnh cng ngh theo cc bc v gii php cng
ngh tng ng ca ti:
Hnh 3.4: Quy trnh sn xut d kin


Trong quy trnh cng ngh ny ti quan tm n vic nghin cu cc
gii php cng ngh trong cng on s ch, lm chn v sy ph hp vi
nguyn liu khoai lang tm nhm nng cao cht lng sn phm
3.5.Phng php x l s liu
Nguyn liu ph
Rang,
nghin
Ph gia
Khoai lang ti
ng gi
Phi trn
Nghin
Lm chn, lm kh
S ch nguyn liu
Bt dinh dng
X l s liu bng cng c m rng ca phn mm EXCEL


PHN TH T:
KT QU V THO LUN
4.1 nh gi cht lng nguyn liu khoai lang tm
Cht lng khoai lang tm c nh gi qua cc ch tiu l ha v c
trnh by qua bng sau: