CU TNG THUT

Mnh thy l cu trc v cu tng thut cng rt hay thng gp ,m cng thc li a
dng .Nn mnh ngh post tt c nhng g lin quan n n ln topic ny v c bi tp
na cng trao i hc tp .
M bt u phi l nhng iu c bn nht nhng ai mi hc ting Anh cng c th hiu
c .
Mnh xin bt u trc nh:
Cu tng thut (cn gi l cu gin tip ) l cu tng thut li li ni ca ngi khc .Khi
lm cu tng thut s c nhng thay i chung nh sau:
1) Thay i v ngi :
Ngi th nht th i thnh ngi ni
(ngi th nht l cc ch m khi bn dch ra ting Vit c ch "ti,chng ti") ex: my
(ca ti) ,us (chng ti )....
Ngi th hai i thnh ngi nghe
Ngi th hai l cc ch khi dch ra ting Vit c ch :"bn,cc bn ":ex:your
(ca bn ),you (bn).....
2) Thay i v th:
Nu ng t tng thut qu kh th bn trong ngoc phi gim th
Nguyn tc gim th :
+ Ly ng t gn ch t nht gim xung mt ct
ex:
he goes out -> he went out (go gim xung ct 2 thnh went)
he will go -> he would go ( will ng gn ch t nht nn chn n gim xung 1 ct
thnh would ,khng chn go gim v n ng xa ch t hn will )
+ nu gim xong thnh ct 3 th phi thm had trc n :
ex:
he went home -> he had gone (ly went gim xung 1 ct thnh gone , l ct 3 nn
thm had trc gone
* Cc trng hp khng gim th :
+ nu ht ct gim th khng gim na

ex:
he would go -> he would go (would khng cn ct gim nn gi nguyn)
+ mt s tht lun lun ng:
ex:
my teacher said "the Sun rises in the East "
--> my teacher said that the Sun rises in the East (mt tri mc hng ng l mt chn l
nn gi nguyn th)
+ Cu qu kh m c nm xc nh
ex:
he said "I was born in 1980"
-> he said he was born in 1980 (gi nguyn th)
+ ng t trong cu l qu kh gi nh ,hoc cu iu kin loi 2
ex:
he said " if you were a millionaire,...."
-> he said to me that if I were a millionaire,.....(khng gim th)
he said "I would rather you went home"
-> he said he would rather I went home (went trn l qu kh gi nh nn khng gim
th)
3)Thay i v thi gian
Nu ng t tong thut quá kh thì câu tong thut phi
có s thay i v thi gian ,c th nh sau:
Now -> then
Today -> that day
Tomorrow -> the next day /the following day
Yesterday -> the day before/ the previous day
Last night -> the night before
Last + thi gian -> thi gian + before
Ago -> before
4) Nhng thay i v ni chn :
This -> that
These -> those
Here -> there

Cch chuyn i t cu trc tip sang cu gin tip(reported speech:cu trn thut)
1)_ a/. Direct speech (li ni trc tip)
l li ni ca ngi no c thut li ng nguyn vn v c ng gia hai du kp.
b/. Indirect speec(li ni gin tip)
l li ni ca ngi no c thut li theo ca ngi tng thut nhng ngha ca cu hk
thay i.
2)_ ng t tng thut
a/. say:
thng c dng trong li ni trc tip, nu c tn ng i sau fi thm gii t "to"
b/. Tell:
thng c dng trong li ni gin tip, nu c tn ng i sau th hk cn gii t
3)_Cc chuyn i t li ni trc tip sang gin tip: chuyn i th chng ta cn tun
theo 3 quy tc:
a/. i ngi:
+ Ngi th nht => ngi ca ch ng trong mnh tng thut.
+ Ngi th hai: thng thng => ngi th 3 or theo ngi of tn ng trong mnh tng
thut.
+ Ngi th 3 hk i
b/. Di th:
i theo nguyn tc li v mt th
Mt s t: should, had better, ought to, must th hk i* Nhng trng hp hk i th:
+ Khi T tng thut th HT, TL, HTHT.
+ Khi trong mnh trc tip:
din t mt chn l, mt s thc hin nhin, mt nh lut khoa hoc.
+ Ni dung trong mnh trc tip din t s vic va mi xy ra, va mi ni
c/. i t, cm t ch thi gian:
now --> then
ago--> before
today --> that day
yesterday -->the day before
tomorrow --> the next day
this --> that
these --> those
here --> these
5)_ a/. Li ni trc tip l cu yu cu, mnh lnh:
--> S+ asked+O + to_V/ not to V

b/. Cu hi:
b1/. Cu hi yes /no--> S+ aske/ waned to know+O+if/where+S _ V
b2/. Cu hi Wh_ : S+ aske/ wanted to know+O +Wh_+S_V
* Nu dng vi wanted to know th thng c thm cm t "or not" (hay hk)*
BT nzz:chuyn i cu trc tip sau thnh cu gin tip:I said to you: " Do you thanks to
me? "
Cu tng thut (Reported Speech)
a/ nh ngha : Cu tng thut (hay cn gi l cu ni gin tip) l cch ni m ta dng
tng thut hay k li cho ai nghe nhng g ngi khc ni hoc ang ni.
b/ Cch chuyn t cu ni trc tip sang cu tng thut : Ty theo 4 dng cu ni
m ngi ta c cch chuyn khc nhau.
+ Trng hp cu ni trc tip l cu pht biu (Statements)
CCH CHUYN :
_ Lp li ng t gii thiu SAY hoc chuyn sang TELL, nu SAY c th b tc t gin tip (
dng SAY TO + Object )
_ Dng lin t THAT thay cho du hai chm ( , sau b du ngoc kp
_ Chuyn i t nhn xng v tnh t s hu , nu cn thit ty theo ngha ca cu
V d :
I ---> He/She ; me---> his , her
Nu ng t gii thiu tn cu ni trc tip dng qu kh th khi chuyn sang cu tng
thut , ng t trong cu tng thut c thay i theo quy lut sau :
CCH NI TRC TIP
1.Hin ti n (Simple Present)
2.Hin ti tip din (Present Continuous)
3.Hin ti hon thnh (Present Perfect)
4.Qu kh n ( Simple Past)
5.Qu kh tip din (Past Continuous)
6.Tng lai n (Simple Future)
7.Tng lai hon thnh (Future Perfect)
8.iu kin hin ti ( Present Conditional)
CU TNG THUT
1.Qu kh n (Simple Past)
2.Qu kh tip din (Past Continuous)
3.Qu kh hon thnh (Past Perfect)
4.Qu kh hon thnh (Past Perfect)
5.Qu kh hon thnh tip din ( Past perfect Continuous)
6.Tng lai qu kh ( Future in the past : Would + V)
7. iu kin hon thnh ( Perfect Conditional )
8. iu kin hon thnh ( Perfect Conditional )
Ty theo s m chuyn i : 1--1 , 2---2 ,......
* Lu : Qu kh hon thnh (Past Perfect ) , v iu kin hon thnh ( Perfect
Conditional) vn ko i.
_ Chuyn trng t ch ni chn v thi gian theo quy lut

Ch : Mu nu l dng cho Cu ni trc tip mu l cu tng thut
This ----> That
These ---- > Those
Now ----> Then
Here ----> There
Today ----> That day
Tomorrow ---> The next day / The following day / The day after
Yesterday ----> The day before / The previous day
Next week , month year ----> The following week / month / Year
Last night / week / month /year -----> The night/week / year before hoc the previous
night/ week / month / year
Tonight ----> that night
Ago ----> earlier / Before ( Ex : 2 days ago ----> 2 days before / earlier )
_ Cc ng t ca mnh chnh trong cu tng thut l : SAY , TELL , ANNOUNCE ,
INFORM , DECLARE , ASURE , REMARK , DENY.....
Ex : He said : "I want to go to see An tomorrow"
=> he said that he wanted to go to see An the next day
( Anh y ni rng anh ta mun i thm An ngy hm sau )
+ Ch :
_Sau ng t TELL bao gi cng phi c 1 b tc t trc tip ( TELL + Object)
Ex : An said to me : " I will buy a car"
=> An told me that he would buy a new car
( An bo ti rng anh ta mun mua 1 chic xe mi )


_ Trong cu tng thut , THAT c th c b i
Ex : She said : "I have worked here for one year"
=> She said ( that ) she had worked there for one year
( C y ni c y lm vic c 1 nm )
Thng th dng THAT s hay hn
_ Trong cu tng thut , ng t khim khuyt MUST thng c chuyn thnh
HAD TO , NEEDN'T chuyn thnh DID NOT HAVE TO , nhng MT , SHOULD ,
SHOULDN'T khi ch s cm on , li khun vn c gi nguyn
VD : 1. His father said to him : "You must study harder"
=> Hisfather told him that he had to study harder
( B cu ta bo rng cu ta phi hc chm hn )
2. Hoa said :"You needn't water the flowers because it rained last night"
=> Hoa said that he didn't have to water the flowers because it had rained the day before
(Hoa ni rng anh y ko cn phi ti hoa v ma vo ti hm trc)
3. The doctor said to Nam : "You should stay in bed"
=> The doctor told Nam that he should stay in bed
( V bc s bo Nam rng cu ta nn trn ging)
_ Nu cu ni trc tip din t 1 s tht hin nhin th khi chuyn sang cu tng
thut ng t vn ko i .
Ex : The professor said : "The moon revolves around the earth"
=> The professor said that the moon revolves around the earth
( V gio s ni rng mt trng quay xung quanh tri t)
_ Nu ng t gii thiu trong cu ni trc tip th hin ti hoc tng lai (
SAY/WILL SAY , HAVE SAID ...) th ng t trong cu tng thut v cc trng t
ch thi gian v ni chn khi c i sang vn ko i
Ex : She says : "The train will leave here in 5 minutes"
=> She says that the train will leave there in 5 minutes
_ Vi cch chuyn i t nhn xng v tnh t s hu t cu ni trc tip sang cu
tng thut .
CU NI TRC TIP
I
We
Me / You
Us
Mine
Ours
My
Our
Myself


CU NI TNG THUT
He /She
They
Him /Her
Them
His / Hers
Theirs
His / Her
Their
Himself / herself
+ Trng hp cu ni trc tip l cu hi (Questions) :
Cch chuyn
_ i ng t gii thiu SAY thnh ASK ( hoc WONDER , WANT TO KNOW...)sau thm
b tc t sau ng t ASK nu cn thit ( EX : Ask me , ask Tom...)
_ B du 2 chm , du ngoc kp v du chm hi .
_ Lp li t nghi vn ( WHO , WHEN WHAT...) ca cu ni trc tip . Nu cu ni trc tip
ko c t nghi vn th t IF hay WHETHER trc ch ng ca cu ni c tng thut li .
_ Chuyn i t nhn xng v i t s hu cho ph hp vi ngha ca cu , nu cn
thit.
_ t ch ng trc ng t trong cu pht biu .
_ Nu ng t trong cu ni trc tip dng qu kh th chuyn th ca ng t theo quy
lut nh trng hp cu pht biu .
_ Chuyn trng t ch thi gian v ni chn theo quy lut theo trng hp cu pht biu .
Ex :
1. Dung said :"What did you do yesterday ?"
= > Dung asked me what I had done the day before
( Dung hi ti lm g vo ngy hm trc )
2. Dung asked him : "Do you like swimming ?"
= > Dung asked him if he liked swimming .

+ TRNG HP CU NI TRC TIP L CU CU KHIN (COMMAND)
*Cch chuyn
_ i ng t gii thiu sang TELL (hoc AsK , ODER , BEG...) ty theo ngha ca cu ..
Sau thm b tc t vo sau TELL (hoc AsK , ODER , BEG...) .
Ex : Ask him , Order the soldier, tell me .
B du 2 chm , du ngoc kp , du chm than v t PLEASE ( nu c)
_ Nu cu cu khin th khng nh , ta i ng t sang nguyn mu c TO theo
mu :
TELL / ASK / ...+ PRONOUN / NOUN / + TO -INFINITIVE
_ Nu cu cu khin th khng nh , ta i ng t theo mu
TELL / ASK / ...+ PRONOUN / NOUN / + NOT +TO -INFINITIVE
_ i i t nhn xng , tnh t s hu , trng t ch thi gian v ni chn nh cc trng
hp trc nu cn thit .
* Ghi ch :
+ Pronoun : i t
+ Noun : danh t
+To -infinitive : ng t nguyn mu c TO ( Ex : to do , to complain )
Ex :
1/ She said : "Close the door and go away !"
= > She told me to close the door and go away.
( C y bo ti ng ca li v i ch khc)
2/ Nam said to his brother : "Don't turn of the radio"
= > Nam told his brother not to turn of the radio
( Nam bo em trai cu y ng tt radio )
3/ The commandor said to his soldier : "Shoot !"
The commandor ordered his soldier to shoot.
( Ngi ch huy ra lnh cho lnh ca mnh bn )