Gas Exchange

I. Introduction
A. Why?
B. Forces & Factors
1. What forces drive gas exchange?
Figure 42.23
2. What factors help to maximize exchange?
C. Transport
II. Strategies
A. Direct
Poriferans, Cnidarians, and Platyhelminthes
Figure 33.4
Constant water movement
Simple thin structure
What would be required to lead this life style?
B. Gills
1. Structure
Mollusca to Vertebrata
Figure 42.22
Fish Gills
2. Forces
Ram ventilation vs. Gulping Advantages vs. Disadvantages
a. Passive to b. Active
Circulation of water coupled with perfusion of blood
Figure 42.23
swim bladder in bony fishes via the gas gland
Figure 34.16
C. Tracheal Systems
1. Insecta
Figure 42.24
direct oxygen delivery system to the
muscle fibers
2. Chordata
a. Amphibians
Circulate air to lungs from mouth
and skin ==PP breathers
b. Reptilians PP breathers
c. Avians
Negative pressure breathers move air into
their lungs and air sacs
Figure 42.27
d. Mammalians
i. Air tubes
Negative breathers use
muscle contractions to
move air
Figure 42.25
pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cells
ii. Lungs
alveoli for gas exchange
Type I, Type II cells,
and Dust cells
Figure 42.25
Lung expansion == muscle contraction
Quiet versus Forced Inhalation vs. Exhalation
Figure 42.28
iii. Control
Pons, Medulla Oblongata, and the Hypothalamus
Figure 42.29
iv. Transport O
2
partial gas pressures
Figure 42.30
Figure 42.31a & b
Respiratory pigments transport oxygen and also buffer
CO
2
is transported via other mechanisms
Dissolved in plasma about 7%
Bound to globin about 23%
Travels via the bicarbonate shuttle about 70%
Figure 42.32
iv. Transport CO
2
Quantity doesnt mean Quality.