Khoa: CNKT in T - Vin Thng Lp: HLTT-VT K4

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Li ni u
Ngy nay, nhu cu truyn thng khng dy ngy cng tng. Cc h thng thng
tin tng lai i hi phi c dung lng cao hn, tin cy hn, s dng bng thng hiu
qu hn, kh nng chng nhiu tt hn. H thng thng tin truyn thng v cc
phng thc ghp knh c khng cn kh nng p ng c cc yu cu ca h
thng thng tin tng lai. Mt trong nhng gii php c a ra l ng dng cng
ngh MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) vo h thng thng tin.
Cng ngh MIMO c ng dng nhiu trong cc h thng ln nh Wimax,
LTE (Long Term Evolution), y l hai chun c th tin ti cng ngh di ng 4G
trong tng lai. Trc y, mun truy cp d liu, ta phi cn c mt ng dy c
nh kt ni. Trong tng lai khng xa vi LTE, ta c th truy cp tt c cc dichj
v mi lc mi ni trong khi vn ang di chuyn: xem phim cht lng cao HDTV,
chi game, nghe nhc trc tuyn, ti xung cc ti nguyn mng nhanh hn,vi mt
tc siu tc. chnh l s khc bit gia mng di ng th h th 3 (3G) v
mng di ng th h th 4 (4G). Tuy vn cn mi m nhng mng di ng bng rng
4G ng c k vng s to ra nhiu thay i khc bit so vi nhng mng di ng
hin nay.
Vi mc ch tip cn lnh vc kh mi ny, em c gng tm ti, hc hi v
thc hin lun vn tt nghip vi ti: Cng ngh MIMO v ng dng trong h
thng thng tin di ng 4G (LTE). Vi mong mun c c kin thc nn tng v
cng ngh mi MIMO v h thng di ng ang c trin khai trn th gii LTE ni
ring v thng tin di ng ni chung.
Ni dung n gm c 3 chng:
Chng 1: Tng quan cc h thng thng tin di ng
Chng 2: Cng ngh MIMO
Chng 3: ng dng ca MIMO vo thng tin di ng 4G LTE



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CHNG 1: TNG QUAN CC H THNG THNG TIN DI NG
1.1 Lch s pht trin ca cc h thng thng tin di ng
1.1.1 Th h 1G (First Generation)
y l h thng thng tin di ng tng t s dng phng thc a truy nhp
phn chia theo tn s FDMA v iu ch tn s FM vi cc c im:
Phng thc truy nhp: FDMA.
Dch v n thun l thoi.
Cht lng thp.
Bo mt km.
Mt s h thng in hnh:
NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone): s dng bng tn 450Mhz trin khai ti cc
nc Bc u vo nm 1981.
TACS (Total Access Communication System): trin khai Anh vo nm 1985.
AMPS (Advance Mobile Phone System): trin khai ti Bc M vo nm 1978
ti bng tn 800Mhz.
1.1.2 Th h 2G (Second Generation)
H thng mng 2G c c trng bi cng ngh chuyn mch k thut s
(digital circuit-switched). K thut ny chim u th hn 1G vi cc c im sau:
Dung lng tng.
Cht lng thoi tt hn.
H tr cc dch v s liu (data).
Phng thc truy nhp : TDMA, CDMA bng hp.
Mt s h thng in hnh:
GSM (Global System for Mobile Phone) s dng phng thc truy cp TDMA
c trin khai ti chu u.
D-AMPS (IS-136-Digital Advance Mobile Phone System) s dng phng
thc truy cp TDMA c trin khai ti M.
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IS-95 (CDMA One) s dng phng thc truy cp CDMA c trin khai ti
M v Hn Quc.
PDC (Personal Digital Cellular) s dng phng thc truy cp TDMA c
trin khai ti Nht Bn.
1.1.3 Mng thng tin di ng 2.5G
L th h kt ni thng tin di ng bn l gia 2G v 3G. Ch s 2.5G chnh l
biu tng cho vic mng 2G c trang b h thng chuyn mch gi bn cnh h
thng chuyn mch theo knh truyn thng. N khng c nh ngha chnh thc bi
bt k nh mng hay t chc no v ch mang mc ch duy nht l tip th cng ngh
mi theo mng 2G.
Mng 2.5G cung cp mt s li ch tng t mng 3G v c th dng c s h
tng c sn ca cc nh mng 2G trong cc mng GSM v CDMA. V tin b duy
nht chnh l GPRS - cng ngh kt ni trc tuyn, lu chuyn d liu c dng bi
cc nh cung cp dch v vin thng GSM. Bn cnh , mt vi giao thc, chng hn
nh EDGE cho GSM v CDMA2000 1x-RTT cho CDMA, c th t c cht lng
gn nh cc dch v c bn 3G (bi v chng dng mt tc truyn d liu chung l
144 kbit/s), nhng vn c xem nh l dch v 2.5G (hoc l nghe c v phc tp
hn l 2.75G) bi v n chm hn vi ln so vi dch v 3G thc s.
EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution), hay cn gi l EGPRS, l
mt cng ngh di ng c nng cp t GPRS - cho php truyn d liu vi tc
c th ln n 384 kbit/s dnh cho ngi dng c nh hoc di chuyn chm, 144kbit/s
cho ngi dng di chuyn vi tc cao. Trn ng tin n 3G, EDGE c bit
n nh l cng ngh 2.75G. Thc t bn cnh iu ch GMSK, EDGE dng phng
thc iu ch 8-PSK tng tc d liu truyn. Chnh v th, trin khai EDGE,
cc nh cung cp mng phi thay i trm pht sng BTS cng nh l thit b di ng
so vi mng GPRS.
1.1.4 Th h 3G (Third Generation)
y l th h th ba ca chun cng ngh in thoi di ng, cho php truyn
c d liu thoi v ngoi thoi (ti d liu, gi email, tin nhn nhanh, hnh nh). 3G
cung cp c hai h thng l chuyn mch gi v chuyn mch knh.H thng 3G yu
cu mt mng truy cp radio hon ton khc so vi h thng 2G hin nay. im mnh
ca cng ngh ny so vi 2G l cho php truyn, nhn cc d liu, m thanh, hnh nh
cht lng cao cho c thu bao c nh v thu bao ang di chuyn cc tc khc
nhau.
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Mng 3G c trng bi tc d liu cao, capacity ca h thng ln, tng hiu qu s
dng ph tn v nhiu ci tin khc. C mt lot cc chun cng ngh di ng 3G, tt
c u da trn CDMA, bao gm: UMTS (dng c FDD ln TDD), CDMA2000 v
TD-SCDMA:
- UMTS (i khi cn c gi l 3GSM) s dng k thut a truy cp WCDMA.
UMTS c chun ho bi 3GPP. UMTS l cng ngh 3G c la chn bi hu ht
cc nh cung cp dch v GSM/GPRS i ln 3G. Tc d liu ti a l 1920Kbps
(gn 2Mbps). Nhng trong thc t tc ny ch tm 384Kbps thi. ci tin tc
d liu ca3G, hai k thut HSDPA v HSUPA c ngh. Khi c 2 k thut ny
c trin khai, ngi ta gi chung l HSPA. HSPA thng c bit n nh l cng
ngh 3,5G.
HSDPA: Tng tc downlink (ng xung, t NodeB v ngi dng di
ng). Tc ti a l thuyt l 14,4Mbps, nhng trong thc t n ch t tm
1,8Mbps (hoc tt lm l 3,6Mbps). Theo mt bo co caGSA thng 7 nm 2008,
207 mng HSDPA v ang bt u trin khai, trong 207 thng mi ho 89
nc trn th gii.
HSUPA: tng tc uplink (ng ln) v ci tin QoS. K thut ny cho
php ngi dng upload thng tin vi tc ln n 5,8Mbps (l thuyt). Cng trong
cng bo co trn ca GSA, 51 nh cung cp dch v thng tin di ng trin khai
mng HSUPA 35 nc v 17 nh cung cp mng ln k hoch trin khai mng
HSUPA.
- CDMA2000: bao gm CDMA2000 1xRTT (Radio Transmission Technology),
CDMA2000 (Evolution -Data Optimized) v CDMA2000 EV-DV(Evolution -Data
and Voice). CDMA2000 c chun ho bi 3GPP2. CDMA2000 l cng ngh 3G
c la chn bi cc nh cung cp mng CdmaOne.
CDMA2000 1xRTT: chnh thc c cng nhn nh l mt cng ngh 3G, tuy
nhin nhiu ngi xem n nh l mt cng ngh 2,75G ng hn l 3G. Tc ca
1xRTT c th t n 307Kbps, song hu ht cc mng trin khai ch gii hn tc
peak 144Kbps.
CDMA2000 EV-DO: s dng mt knh d liu 1,25MHz chuyn bit v c
th cho tc d liu n 2,4Mbps cho ng xung v 153Kbps cho ng ln.
1xEV-DO Rev A h tr truyn thng gi IP, tng tc ng xung n 3,1Mbps v
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c bit c th y tc ng ln n 1,2Mbps. Bn cnh , 1xEV-DO Rev B cho
php nh cung cp mng gp n 15 knh 1,25MHz li truyn d liu vi tc
73,5Mbps.
CDMA2000 EV-DV: tch hp thoi v d liu trn cng mt knh 1,25MHz.
CDMA2000 EV-DV cung cp tc peak n 4,8Mbps cho ng xung v n
307Kbps cho ng ln. Tuy nhin t nm 2005, Qualcomm dng v thi hn vic
pht trin ca 1xEV-DV v a phn cc nh cung cp mng CDMA nh Verizon
Wireless v Sprint chn EV-DO.
- TD-SCDMA l chun di ng c ngh bi "China Communications
Standards Association" v c ITU duyt vo nm 1999. y l chun 3G ca Trung
Quc. TD-SCDMA dng song cng TDD. TD-SCDMA c th hot ng trn mt di
tn hp 1,6MHz (cho tc 2Mbps) hay 5MHz (cho tc 6Mbps). Ngy xut hnh
ca TD-SCDMA b y li nhiu ln. Nhiu th nghim v cng ngh ny din
ra t u nm 2004 cng nh trong th vn hi Olympic gn y.
1.2 Cng ngh 4G LTE
H thng thng tin di ng th h 3 sang th h 4 qua giai on trung gian l
th h 3,5 c tn l mng truy nhp gi ng xung tc cao HSDPA. Th h 4 l
cng ngh truyn thng khng dy th t, cho php truyn ti d liu vi tc ti a
trong iu kin l tng ln ti 1 cho n 1.5 Gbps. Cng ngh 4G c hiu l chun
tng lai ca cc thit b khng dy. Cc nghin cu u tin ca NTT DoCoMo cho
bit, in thoi 4G c th nhn d liu vi tc 100 Mbps khi di chuyn v ti 1
Gbps khi ng yn, cho php ngi s dng c th ti v truyn ln hnh nh ng
cht lng cao. Chun 4G cho php truyn cc ng dng phng tin truyn thng
ph bin nht, gp phn to nn cc nhng ng dng mnh m cho cc mng khng
dy ni b (WLAN) v cc ng dng khc.
Th h 4 dng k thut truyn ti truy cp phn chia theo tn s trc giao
OFDM, l k thut nhiu tn hiu c gi i cng mt lc nhng trn nhng tn s
khc nhau. Trong k thut OFDM, ch c mt thit b truyn tn hiu trn nhiu tn s
c lp (t vi chc cho n vi ngn tn s). Thit b 4G s dng my thu v tuyn
xc nhn bi phn mm SDR (Software - Defined Radio) cho php s dng bng
thng hiu qu hn bng cch dng a knh ng thi. Tng i chuyn mch mng
4G ch dng chuyn mch gi, do , gim tr thi gian truyn v nhn d liu.
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Nhu cu i vi cc h thng sau 3G
Khi nhn vo tng lai, cu hi chnh t ra cho cc nh cung cp thit b mng
l khi no v ti sao ngi dng cn n cc mng khng dy sau 3G. Mi my nm
trc, in thoi l ng dng u tin c di ng ha. Vi nm sau th SMS (Short
Message Service) tr thnh ng dng truyn d liu di ng u tin vo c th
trng i chng. n nay th nhng mng in thoi di ng n gin nht cng c
kh nng truyn SMS do bi yu cu thp v bng thng ca n. C th xem SMS
chnh l dch v tin phong ca nhng dch v truyn d liu khc nh e-mail di ng,
duyt Web di ng v nhiu dch v khc na. Nhng ng dng nh vy tr thnh
hin thc nh s xut hin cc mng khng dy truyn cc gi d liu theo giao thc
IP. n nay th dung lng cc mng 3G v 3.5G vn cho yu cu v bandwidth
ca cc ng dng ny v s lng ngi dng hin c. Nhng c th thy trong
tng lai khng xa, mt s xu hng s lm tng yu cu v bandwidth:
Mc s dng mng khng dy ngy cng tng: do gi thnh ngy cng h,
ngy cng c nhiu ngi s dng cc ng dng khng dy cn truy cp mng.
Ni dung a phng tin: tuy nhng n lc u tin di ng ha Web ch t
c cc trang Web ch yu l vn bn, nhng ni dung ha ngy cng tr nn ph
bin hn. Mt hnh nh c th ni thay cho hng nghn t ng, nhng n cng lm
tng lng d liu cn c truyn i cho mi trang Web. Vic ti xung m nhc v
phim nh cng ang tr nn ph bin hn, lm tng hn na yu cu v bng thng.
Cc mng x hi di ng: tng t nh trong Internet ng dy c nh, c
mt dng ng dng mi ang thay i cch thc con ngi s dng Internet. Trong
qu kh, ngi dng ch yu ch tiu th ni dung. Ngy nay th cc blog, cc site
chia s hnh nh v cc cng truyn ti phim ang nh hnh li Internet, bi v ngi
dng khng ch tiu th ni dung na m nay dng mng chia s nhng tng,
hnh nh v phim nh ca h vi ngi khc.
Voice over IP: th gii thoi ng dy c nh ang nhanh chng chuyn sang
hng VoIP. Nhiu kh nng l ch khong nm nm na, nhiu mng thoi chuyn
knh ng dy c nh hin nay s chuyn hon ton sang truyn thoi da trn IP.
Tng t nh vy, v phng din truy cp mng, nhiu ngi dng s s dng VoIP
nh dch v thoi chnh ca h, v d nh qua cc mng DSL hoc TV cp. Hin nay
c th thy nhng ng thi chuyn dch ny ri, bi v th trng thoi chuyn knh
ang chu p lc ngy cng tng do s st gim s lng thu bao. Kt qu l, nhiu
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nh cung cp dch v thoi ng dy c nh khng cn u t vo cng ngh
chuyn knh na. C th quan st thy mt xu hng tng t trong cc mng khng
dy. Tuy nhin, s dch chuyn y chm hn nhiu, c bit l do yu cu v bng
thng cao hn truyn cc cuc thoi qua mt ng truyn chuyn gi.
S thay th cho ng dy c nh: trong khi lng thng thoi ngy cng tng
th doanh thu ngy cng gim cc mng ng dy c nh ln khng dy do cc
thu bao ngy cng gim. V vy, nhiu nc, cc nh cung cp dch v khng dy
ang c gng km gi hoc tng doanh thu bnh qun trn mi thu bao bng cch
cho mi kh nng truy cp Internet cho my PC, my tnh xch tay v cc thit b di
ng trn cc mng UMTS/HSDPA hoc CDMA ca h. Nh vy l h bt u cnh
tranh trc tip vi cc nh cung cp dch v DSL v cp. Mun cnh tranh thnh cng,
h cng phi tng thm bng thng trn mng ca mnh.
S cnh tranh t nhng nh cung cp dch v Internet khng dy khc: mt s
nc, cc nh cung cp dch v khc v ang cho mi kh nng truy cp Internet
khng dy broadband bng cc mng Wifi hoc Wimax/802.16. Nhng nh cung cp
nh th cnh tranh trc tip vi cc nh cung cp dch v UMTS v CDMA truyn
thng vn ang hot ng trong th trng ny.
Mt s cng ngh khng dy hin ang c xy dng hoc ang trong giai on trin
khai ban u, c thit k p ng nhu cu tng lai ny: LTE ca 3GPP, HSPA+
v Wimax. Cu hi t ra l trong bi cnh nh vy, nhng cng ngh no l 3G hin
nay, v cng ngh no c xem l 4G trong tng lai?
C quan chu trch nhim phn loi cc mng khng dy l ITU (International
Telecommunication Union). ITU phn loi cc mng vin thng di ng quc t
(international mobile telecommunication_IMT) nh sau:
Cc h thng IMT-2000: tc nhng h thng m ta gi l 3G hin nay, v d
UMTS v CDMA2000.
Cc h thng Enhanced IMT-2000: s pht trin ca cc h thng IMT-2000
(tc sau 3G), v d nh HSPA, CDMA 1xEvDo v nhng th h pht trin hn na
ca chng trong tng lai.
Cc h thng IMT-Advance: cc h thng thuc loi ny c xem l h thng
4G.
Trong lin minh vin thng quc t ITU, nhm cng tc 8F(ITU-R WP 8F) ang tin
hnh nghin cucc h thng k tip sau IMT-2000. ITU-R WP 8F tuyn b rng cn
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c cc cng ngh v tuyn di ng mi p ng cc kh nng cao hn IMT-2000,
tuy nhin vn cha ch r l cng ngh no. Thut ng IMT-Adv cng s c cc
bc pht trin ging nh IMT-2000 v s c cc kh nng ca cc h thng trc .
Trong gii nghin cu, mt s n ang c tin hnh trong IMT-Advance v th
h sau ca truy nhp v tuyn. Chng hn nh n Winner c h tr mt phn
kinh t t lin minh chu u l n dnh cho nghin cu vn ny. Khi nim ca
Winner c rt nhiu cc phn t gn ging vi LTE. Tuy nhin Winner t mc tiu
cho tc s liu cao hn v v th c thit k cho bng thng rng hn 20Mhz.
LTE l mt trong cc con ng tin ti 4G. LTE s tn ti trong giai on u ca
4G, tip theo s l IMT Adv. LTE cho php chuyn i dn t 3G UMTS sang giai
on u ca 4G sau sang IMT Adv. Chuyn i dn t LTE sang IMT Adv l cha
kha ca thnh cng trn th trng. 3GPP bt u hng n IMT-Advance cng
cho v tuyn vng ni ht di ci tn LTE-Advance. LTE-Advance l mt phn ca
3GPP Release 10 v IMT-Advance s c trin khai vo nm 2013 hoc sau .

Hnh 1.1: Tc bit v s pht trin di ng n IMT-Advance
Ngoi LTE ca 3GPP cn c cc hng chuyn i khc sang 4G. 3GPP2 cng
v ang thc hin k hoch nghin cu LTE cho mnh, h thng do 3GPP2 xut
l UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband).Ngoi ra Wimax cng c k hoch tin ti 4G. Mt
l trnh tin ti mng 4G ca cc cng ngh c th hin nh hnh 1.2:
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Hnh 1.2: Qu trnh pht trin cc cng ngh thng tin di ng 4G
UMB
Chun UMB hin nay c pht trin bi 3GPP2 vi k hoch l s thng mi ho
trc 2009.
Mt s c im k thut nh sau:
Cc k thut Multiple radio v antenna tin tin:
Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), a truy nhp phn chia theo khng gian
(Spatial Division Multiple Access (SDMA)) v k thut beamforming antenna
Cc k thut qun l nhiu tin tin (Improved interference management
techniques)
Tc d liu cao nht (peak data rates)
Ln ti 288 Mbps ng ln, 75 Mbps ng xung
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Ln ti 1000 ngi s dng VoIP ng thi (vi s cp pht 20 MHz FDD)
IEEE 802.x
Chun ny bt ngun t mng WiFi, sau tin ln 802.16e ri 802.16m v by gi l
802.20
Chun IEEE 802.20 cn c gi l truy nhp v tuyn bng rng di ng WBMA
(Mobile Broadband Wireless Access). N c th h tr ngay c khi ang di chuyn vi
vn tc ln ti 250 km/h.
Trong khi chuyn vng (roaming) ca WiMAX nhn chung b gii hn trong mt
phm vi nht nh, th chun IEEE 802.20 ging nh 3G c kh nng h tr chuyn
vng ton cu. Ngoi ra, cng ging nh WiMAX, IEEE 802.20 cng h tr cc k
thut QoS nhm cung cp nhng dch v c yu cu cao v tr, jitter... Trong mng
EEE 802.20, vic ng b gia ng ln v ng xung u c thc hin hiu
qu. D kin, chun IEEE 802.20 tng lai s kt hp mt s tnh nng ca IEE
802.16e v cc mng d liu 3G, nhm cung cp v to ra mt mng truyn thng a
dng (rich communication).
3GPP LTE
H thng 3GPP LTE, l bc tip theo cn hng ti ca h thng mng khng dy
3G da trn cng ngh di ng GSM/UMTS, v l mt trong nhng cng ngh tim
nng nht cho truyn thng 4G. Lin minh Vin thng Quc t (ITU) nh ngha
truyn thng di ng th h th 4 l IMT Advanced v chia thnh hai h thng dng
cho di ng tc cao v di ng tc thp. 3GPP LTE l h thng dng cho di
ng tc cao. Ngoi ra, y cn l cng ngh h thng tch hp u tin trn th
gii ng dng c chun 3GPP LTE v cc chun dch v ng dng khc, do ngi
s dng c th d dng thc hin cuc gi hoc truyn d liu gia cc mng LTE v
cc mng GSM/GPRS hoc UMTS da trn WCDMA.
3GPP LTE c kh nng cp pht ph tn linh ng v h tr cc dch v a phng
tin vi tc trn 100Mb/s khi di chuyn tc 3km/h, v t 30Mb/s khi di
chuyn tc cao 120km/h th tc truyn l trn 30 Mb/s. Tc ny nhanh hn
gp 7 ln so vi tc truyn d liu ca cng ngh HSDPA (truy nhp gi d liu
tc cao). Do cng ngh ny cho php s dng cc dch v a phng tin tc
cao trong khi di chuyn bt k tc no nn n c th h tr s dng cc dch v
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ni dung c dung lng ln vi phn gii cao c in thoi di ng, my tnh b
ti PDA, in thoi thng minh...
u im ni bt:
Dung lng truyn trn knh ng xung c th t 100 Mbps v trn
knh ng ln c th t 50 Mbps.
Tng tc truyn trn c ngi s dng v cc mt phng iu khin.
S khng cn chuyn mch knh. Tt c s da trn IP. VoIP s dng
cho dich v thoi.
Kin trc mng s n gin hn so vi mng 3G hin thi. Tuy nhin mng
3GPP LTE vn c th tch hp mt cch d dng vi mng 3G v 2G hin ti. iu
ny ht sc quan trng cho nh cung cp mng trin khai 3GPP LTE v khng cn
thay i ton b c s h tng mng c.
OFDMA v MIMO c s dng trong 4G LTE thay v CDMA nh
trong 3G.
LTE-Advance
S pht trin ca LTE Advance/IMT Advance c ch ra bng di v s tin trin
t cc dch v ca 3G c pht trin t k thut UMTS/W-CDMA.

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Bng 1.3: So snh thng s c dim ca cc h thng

Mt s c im ca LTE Advance:
Tc d liu nh: 1 Gbps cho ng xung v 500 Mbps cho ng ln.
Bng thng s dng: 20Mhz_100Mhz.
Hiu qu ph nh: 30bps/Hz cho ng xung v 15 bps/Hz cho ng ln.
Thi gian ch: nh hn 50 ms khi chuyn t trng thi ri sang trng thi kt
ni v nh hn 5ms cho mi chuyn mch gi ring l.
Tnh di ng: ging LTE.
Kh nng tng thch: LTE Advance c kh nng lin kt mng vi LTE v cc
h thng ca 3GPP.
Mt s k thut dng trong LTE-Advance:
C mt s k thut chnh gip cho LTE Advance t c tc d liu cao.MIMO v
OFDM l hai k thut c bn.Bn cnh , cn c mt s k thut khc s c trin
khai.Trong s , k thut MC-MC-CDMA (Multicode Multicarrier Code Devision
Multiple Access) l mt ng c ang c nghin cu v bn ci hin nay.

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1.2.2 S khc nhau gia 3G v 4G
Hin nay, cng ngh 3G cho php truy cp Internet khng dy v cc cuc gi
c hnh nh. 4G c pht trin trn cc thuc tnh k tha t cng ngh 3G. V mt
l thuyt, mng khng dy s dng cng ngh 4G s c tc nhanh hn mng 3G t
4 n 10 ln. Tc ti a ca 3G l tc ti xung 14Mbps v 5.8Mbps ti ln. Vi
cng ngh 4G, tc c th t ti 100Mbps i vi ngi dng di ng v 1Gbps i
vi ngi dng c nh. 3G s dng cc di tn quy nh quc t cho UL : 1885-
2025 MHz; DL : 2110-2200 MHz; vi tc t 144kbps-2Mbps, rng BW: 5
MHz. i vi 4G LTE th Hot ng bng tn : 700 MHz-2,6 GHz vi mc tiu tc
d liu cao, tr thp, cng ngh truy cp sng v tuyn gi d liu ti u. Tc
DL :100Mbps( BW 20MHz), UL : 50 Mbps vi 2 aten thu mt anten pht. tr
nh hn 5ms vi rng BW linh hot l u im ca LTE so vi WCDMA, BW t
1.25 MHz, 2.5 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz. Hiu qu tri ph tng 4 ln
v tng 10 ln s ngi dng/cell so vi WCDMA.
u im ni bt
Tc d liu cao hn rt nhiu ln so vi 3G
Tng hiu qu s dng ph v gim thi gian tr
Cu trc mng s n gin hn, v s khng cn chuyn mch knh na
Hiu qu tri ph tng 4 ln v tng 10 ln user/cell so vi WCDMA.
rng bng tn linh hot cng l mt u im quan trng ca LTE i vi
WCDMA
Cc ng dng to nn u im ca 4G LTE so vi 3G
Hiu sut ph cao
- OFDM DL
Chng nhiu a ng
Hu ht d liu ngi dng th t hn di ng
- SC-FDMA UL
PAPR thp
Ngi dng trc giao trong min tn s
- MIMO
Tc d liu cao
- Pht nhiu dng d liu c lp song song qua cc anten ring l => tng tc d
liu. (s dng MIMO)
Khoa: CNKT in T - Vin Thng Lp: HLTT-VT K4

n tt nghip 14

tr thp
-Thi gian ci t v thi gian tr hon chuyn tip ngn
-Tr HO v thi gian ngt ngn : TTI ngn, trng thi RRC n gin
Gi thnh r
- Cu trc mng n gin, gim cc thnh phn ca mng
Cht lng dch v cao
- S dng cc tn s cp php m bo cht lng dch v : LTE s dng cc di
tn s khc nhau : 2100 MHz, 1900 MHz, 1700 MHz, 2600 MHz, 900 MHz, 800
MHz.
- Lun lun th nghim ( gim thi gian tr trong iu khin nh tuyn)
- Gim tr kh hi ( round trip delay)
Tn s ti s dng linh hot
Gim nhiu lin cell vi tn s ti s dng ln hn 1.
- S dng hai di tn s:
Di 1 : h s ti s dng ln hn 1 => cng sut pht cao hn
Di 2 : ph cn li
- Cc user cnh cell : s dng di 1 => SIR tt
- Cc user trung tm cell : s dng ton b bng => tc d liu cao
Dung lng v vng bao ph ca WCDMA UL b gii hn bi can nhiu: can
nhiu bn trong cell v can nhiu lin cell. Nhng i vi LTE th : do tnh trc giao
nn can nhiu trong cng mt cell c th khng xt n v gim can nhiu inter-cell
bng ti s dng cc b, thm cc anten c th trit can nhiu.