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  • The Raman Affect: Raman Compared To IR

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    ElmIeyHakiemiEy
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    Raman spectroscopy relies on the polarizability of molecules, which is how easily the electron distribution of a molecule can be distorted by an electric field. When a laser hits a sample, the electric field induces a temporary dipole in the molecule. For some molecular vibrations, the polarizability will change as the bonds stretch and compress. This allows certain vibrations to be Raman active and scatter laser light at shifted wavelengths, providing molecular fingerprint information. The selection rule is that there must be a change in polarizability for a vibration to be Raman active. Rotations and certain vibrations of symmetric linear molecules are Raman active due to changes in their polarizability, even if their dipole moments do not change.

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    Raman spectroscopy relies on the polarizability of molecules, which is how easily the electron distribution of a molecule can be distorted by an electric field. When a laser hits a sample, the electric field induces a temporary dipole in the molecule. For some molecular vibrations, the polarizability will change as the bonds stretch and compress. This allows certain vibrations to be Raman active and scatter laser light at shifted wavelengths, providing molecular fingerprint information. The selection rule is that there must be a change in polarizability for a vibration to be Raman active. Rotations and certain vibrations of symmetric linear molecules are Raman active due to changes in their polarizability, even if their dipole moments do not change.

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    6 views3 pages

    The Raman Affect: Raman Compared To IR

    Uploaded by

    ElmIeyHakiemiEy
    Raman spectroscopy relies on the polarizability of molecules, which is how easily the electron distribution of a molecule can be distorted by an electric field. When a laser hits a sample, the electric field induces a temporary dipole in the molecule. For some molecular vibrations, the polarizability will change as the bonds stretch and compress. This allows certain vibrations to be Raman active and scatter laser light at shifted wavelengths, providing molecular fingerprint information. The selection rule is that there must be a change in polarizability for a vibration to be Raman active. Rotations and certain vibrations of symmetric linear molecules are Raman active due to changes in their polarizability, even if their dipole moments do not change.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

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    Induced Dipole
    Induced Dipole
    Sample in
    Equilibrium
    Linear Molecule
    O C O
    There must be polarizability for Raman Effect to take place
    Raman Compared to IR
    H - Cl

    -
    !ne"en #istribution of
    char$e % &ipole Moment
    &ipole moments relate to 'R absorption (olarizability relates to Raman scatterin$
    (olarizability ho) *squishy+ the electron clou# is

    ,o electric fiel#
    'n the presence of an electric fiel#
    pro#uces an induced #ipole moment
    -
    THE RAMAN AFFECT
    Selection Rule
    - The selection rule for a Raman-active vibration, that there must be a change in
    polariabilit! "uring the vibration, is
    - Rotation# For a s!mmetric linear molecule such as N$ or HCCH the polarisabilit! of the
    electrons is much greater parallel to the molecular a%is than the perpen"icular to it#
    - As the molecule rotates in space its susceptibilit! to oscillating electric fiel" of the light
    oscillates up an" "o&n#
    - Rotational transition is Raman allo&e" 'though ("ipole( forbi""en)#
    - Vibration# For reasons of molecular s!mmetr!, some t!pes of vibrational motion are
    Raman allo&e" an" others forbi""en#
    - * Raman active vibrations are +R forbi""en
    - * +R active vibration are Raman forbi""en
    References
    - Harris, ,#C#, -ertolucci, M#,#, Symmetry and spectroscopy: an
    introduction to vibrational and electronic spectroscopy, Oxford
    University Press (1978
    - Care!, .#R#, !ioc"emical #pplications of $aman and $esonance
    $aman Spectroscopies, #cademic .ress '/01$)
    - Herberg, 2, %olecular Spectra and %olecular Structure &&: &nfrared
    and $aman Spectra of Polyatomic %olecules, 'rie(er Publis"in(
    (1991

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