HIU SUT MY THU RAKE CHO H THNG UWB-PAM

My thu rake l mt my thu s c li th trong vic a thi gian ca knh a ng

tng t l tn hiu trung bnh nhn c ln n t l nhiu (SNR).. Trong bi bo
ny chng ti ch phn tch cc thc hin ca my thu RAKE trong h thng bng
rng UWB bng cch iu ch bin xung v k thut tri ph lin tc.
I. Gii thiu.
My thu RAKE c bit c dng trong h thng CDMA, gii quyt vn a
ng bng cch thu thp cc nng lng tn hiu t mi ng nhn c dng cu
trc tr. Trong hnh nh tri ph, rng ca tn hiu thng ln hn rng ca
knh lin kt. Nu rng ca bng thng tn hiu ln, n c th gii quyt c
cc thnh phn a ng ca cc tn hiu ring r. Trong mt vi trng hp knh
thc c th c m hnh bng cch thm thi thi gian tr vi cc h s khc nhau.
i vi tn hiu bng rng (UWB), dng my thu RAKE l tt hn cho hiu sut t l
li bt (BER). Hu ht cc k thut ph bin to ra tn hiu bng rng l cc xung
v tuyn. Do , mt chui xung rt hp, rng ns, vi mc thp duty-cycle c
truyn gii quyt ph rng cha ng k, t 3.1 n 10.6 MHz sn c hoc h
thng.
Vi mt xung UWB chng ta coi nh mt o hm theo thi gian ca hm Gaussian
2
exp 2
t
t
t
| |
(

|
(
|

\ .
:
2 2
( ) 1 4 exp 2 (1)
t t
t e t t
t t
( (
( (
=
( (
( (

( (


Trong t l hnh dng tc nhn.
t c c hiu sut tt hn th cn thit phi dng n k thut tri ph. Ni
mt cch n gin, tri ph l lm cho thi gian lin tc, iu ch d liu vi t l
xung trn k t d liu. K thut iu ch chng ti s dng l iu ch bin pha
(PAM).
Mt loi tn hiu UWB lin tc l UWB-TH-PAM c cho nh sau:
( ) ( ) ( )
0
( ) ( ) (2)
v v v
TX k f k c
k
x t E a t kT c T e

=
=

Trong v: i din cho mt ngi dng c trng, E
TX
l nng lng c pht i,
T
f
l khong thi gian,
( ) v
k
c l m tri ph c dng bi ngi dng th v, T
c
l
khong m tri ph. Dng d liu c dng cho ngi dng c pht i bng cch
iu ch bin vi s tr gip ca thng s
( ) v
k
a vi gi tr 1 khi c bit 1 c pht
i, v bt -1 khi bt 0 c pht i.
V vy tn hiu c to ra bi ngi dng th v l mt dng sng hnh trn gi tr
bin khc nhau. Khung thi gian hoc chu k T
f
tiu biu c th l mt trm cho
n mt nghn ln rng vng. Kt qu l vi mt tn hiu vi mc thp duty-cycle.
M bc nhy
( )
{ }
v
k
c l m gi ngu nhin tun hon vi chu k N
p
, , , ,,
( ) ( )
p
v v
k iN k
c c
+
=
vi mi i,k l s nguyn.
II. M hnh knh.
Chng ta s s dng knh theo tiu chun ca IEEE 802.15.[8],[10]. M hnh knh
ny da trn m hnh knh Saleh Valenzuela c chnh sa v vy m a ng
phn b tt hn phn b Rayleigh. y c tt c bn m hnh knh cho cc mi
trng truyn dn khc nhau:
CM1: Knh 1, dng cho cc mi trng truyn l thng (LOS : Line Of Sight) vi
khong cch gia my pht v my thu l nh hn 4m.
CM2: Knh 2, dng cho m hnh truyn khng thng (NLOS : Non Line Of Sight) vi
khong cch gia my pht v my thu l nh hn 4m.
CM3 :Knh 3, dng cho m hnh truyn khng thng (NLOS) vi khong cch gia
my pht v my thu l t 4m n 10m.
CM4 : Knh 4, dng cho m hnh truyn dn phc tp (NLOS) vi thi gian tri tr
25 ns.
Chng ta dng cc nh ngha sau y cho cc m hnh xut:
T
l
: thi gian n ca ng u tin ca chum tia th l.
T
n,l
: thi gian tr ca chum th n so vi chum th l vi thi gian ca ng n u
tin, T
l
. Ta c
0,
0
l
t =
A : t l n ca chum tia.
: t l tia n, c ngha l t l ca ng vi ton b chm tia.
Bng: cha cc thng s ca m hnh knh
Cc thng s CM1 CM2 CM3 CM4
m
t [ns]( thi gian tr vt
qu)
5.05 10.38 14.18
rms
t [ns] (rms tri tr) 5.28 8.03 14.28 25
A[1/nsec] 0.023
3
0.4 0.006
7
0.006
7
(1/nsec) 2.5 0.5 2.1 2.1
I (tr chm) 7.1 5.5 14 24
(tr tia) 4.3 6.7 7.9 12
1
o [dB] 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4
2
o [dB] 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4
x
o [dB] 3 3 3 3

Bi v khong cch ngn gia my pht v my thu, cc thit b di ng u cui b
gii hn v do cc m hnh gi nh knh l thi gian bt bin trong vic truyn ti
ca mi gi.
Cc p ng xung c m hnh bng phng trnh sau:
, ,
0 0
( ) ( ) (3)
L N
i i i
i i n l l n l
l n
h t X T o o t t
= =
=

Trong :
,
i
n l
o l h s khuch i a ng v X
i
l log-normal tng ng v i
cp ti hnh ng th i
III. My thu RAKE
Mt li my thu RAKE tiu tiu vi N
R
tng quan song song c th hin trong
hnh.

Hnh : My thu RAKE vi N
R
tng quan song song.
Tn hiu thu c IR c th c m hnh ha bng phng trnh sau :
, 0 ,
1 1
( ) ( ) ( ) (4)
L N
TX n l k f k c n l
k
l n
r t X E a t kT c T n t o e t
= =
= +


Trong : X l khuch i phn b theo bin ca knh, L l s chm tia quan
st c ti ch, N l s ng tng hp c vi chm th n,
, n l
o l h s knh ca
ng th n trong chm th l,a
k
l bin ca xung c truyn th k,
, n l
t l thi
gian tr ca ng th n trong chm th l.
Nng lng c cha trong knh c h s
, n l
o c tiu chun ha thng nht
cho vic thc hin cc p ng xung tng ng :
2
,
1 1
1 (5)
L N
n l
l n
o
= =
=

V phng trnh (4) c th c vit li nh sau:

, 0 ,
1 1
( ) ( ) ( ) (6)
L N
TX n l k f k c n l
k
l n
r t E a t kT c T n t o e t
= =
= +


Ti my thu, chng ta thc hin MRC (Maximal Ratio Combining). Trong MRC, cc
tng hp khc nhau c cn o trc khi kt hp v trng lng c xc nh
ti u SNR trc khi quyt nh x l. Hiu sut ca my thu RAKE cho qu trnh
m phn knh a ng c th c tnh ton bng gi s u tin cho mt m hnh
c bit cho p ng xung ca knh tng ng. v bng cch tnh ton xc sut li
trn k t Pr
e
nh l hm ca t s E
RX
/N
0
cho cc phng thc khc nhau. Cc phn
tch ny c thc hin nhn chung trong trng hp l tng ca h s p ng xung
ca knh tng ng, hoc c lng knh l tng.
Vic chn la my thu RAKE lm tng ng k phc tp ca my thu. S phc
tp gia tng vi s thnh phn a ng c phn tch v kt hp vi nhau trc khi
quyt nh v c th c gim s thnh phn c x l bi my thu. Mt hng
khc lm gim s phc tp ca my thu c trnh by v phn tch trong khi
nim Pr
e
. Gii php u tin c gi l RAKE chn lc (SRAKE : Selective RAKE),
cha thnh phn chn lc L
TOT
nhng tn hiu tt nht ti u vo ca my thu. S
nhnh ca my thu RAKE c gim i nhng my thu vn phi gi li tt c cc
thnh phn a ng v sau thc hin vic chn lc. Gii php th hai n gin
hn c gi l Partial RAKE (PRAKE) tng hp cc L
P
tn hiu n u tin m
khng c s chn lc tt c cc thnh phn a ng.
IV. Kt qu m phng.
Qu trnh m phng c thc hin di s gi nh rng chng ta c s ng b
hon ho gia my pht v my thu. Chng ta ng b my pht 10000 bit v chng
ta tnh ton v a ra s 2-5 , xc sut li bit cho tt c cc m hnh knh
c nh ngha. Trong hnh 6 so snh xc sut li bit cho my thu RAKE l tng
trong 4 m hnh knh.

Hnh 2 : Xc sut li bt v t s SNR cho tn hiu PAM-TH-UWB, CM1

Hnh 3: Xc xut li bit v t s SNR cho tn hiu 2PAM-TH-UWB, CM2

Hnh 4: Xc xut li bit v t s SNR cho tn hiu 2PAM-TH-UWB, CM3

Hnh 5: Xc xut li bit v t s SNR cho tn hiu 2PAM-TH-UWB, CM4

Hnh 6: Xc xut li bit v t s SNR cho tn hiu 2PAM-TH-UWB, RAKE l tng,
knh CM1-4
Chng ta c th quan st trong hnh 2 rng trong m hnh LOS (CM1) my thu
SRAKE v my thu PRAKE thc hin ging nhau. C ngha l cc thnh phn u
tin n ti my thu c nng lng l ln.
T hnh 3 n hnh 5 chng ta c th quan st c rng, nhng mong i, my thu
SRAKE thc hin tt hn my thu PRAKE v khong gia hai my thu SRAKE v
PRAKE c tng ln nh l mt gi tr xu hn ca my thu PRAKE. Phn tch
t hnh hai n hnh 5 ta c th quan st c rng mt my thu SRAKE vi 10 nhnh
gn nh xp x vi trng hp my thu RAKE l tng (IRAKE), khi qu trnh thc
hin gn nh l ging nhau.
Phn tch qu trnh thc hin ca my thu l tng trong 4 loi m hnh knh, hnh 6,
n c th c thng bo rng kt qu tt nht cho m hnh knh LOS v t nht l
m hnh knh CM4
V. Kt lun
My thu l tng RAKE (IRAKE) thc hin tt nht nhng n khng phi l gii
php c thc hin trong thc t bi v chng ta c qu nhiu ng t my pht.
Gii php y l my thu SRAKE v PRAKE. Ph thuc vo phc tp ca my
thu m chng ta mun thc hin v hiu sut m chng ta mun t c, chng ta c
th chn mt hoc mt s my thu RAKE khc. Nh mong i my thu SRAKE u
vit hn my thu PRAKE khi n t c t s SNR cao hn ti u ra. Khong cch
trong hiu sut, tuy nhin, gim