Emc Mai Thuy Anh

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOL. 53, NO.
4, NOVEMBER 2011
1

Cc cng thc phng on mc hp th ring
trn con ngi di tc ng phi nhim
quanh khu vc antenna
Da trn bi bo gc: Estimation Formulas for the Specic Absorption Rate in Humans
Exposed to Base-Station Antennas- Marie-Christine Gosselin, G unter Vermeeren, Sven
K uhn, Valpr e Kellerman, Stefan Benkler,Tero M. I. Uusitupa, Wout Joseph, Member,
IEEE, Azeddine Gati, Member, IEEE, Joe Wiart, Frans J. C. Meyer, Luc Martens,
Member, IEEE, Toshio Nojima, Takashi Hikage, Quirino Balzano, Life Fellow, IEEE,
Andreas Christ, and Niels Kuster, Fellow, IEEE
Tm tt: Bi bo trnh by cc vn lin quan n s phi nhim ca antena trn c th
ngi , c th coi y l mt qu trnh nghin cu lu di hoc cc kt qu thng xuyn
din ra. lm gim bt mc nh hng, s dng cng thc xp x mc hp th ring
( SAR) v cc thng s ca antenna sn c s c xc nhn v a ra trong bo co ny.
Cc cng thc c s dng cho ngi ln, ng trong khu vc bc x ca mt antenna
trm gc lm vic tn s 300MHz v 5GHz, vi khong cch ln hn 200 mm. Nghin
cu ch ra rng, gi tr bch phn v th 95 chu tc ng ca c ch hp th thng qua
trng lng, chiu cao. Ch s khi lng c th. Vic ny c tin hnh th nghim
trn 3 m hnh gii phu ( Duke, Ella, Thelonious) tip xc vi 12 trm antenna c s
trong phm vi bng tn c s l 300MHz n 5GHz ti 6 khong cch nm gia 10mm
v 3m.T vic nh gi 432 cu hnh, cc cng thc c lng cho cc m hnh gii
phu l ngi ln c chng minh l m bo cho cc d on v cc gi tr phi
nhim SAR trn 2 ngi ln, nhng li c s khc bit khi nghin cu trn tr em. Cc
vn a ra y gm: m hnh gii phu, c s trm ng-ten, trng in t, tip xc
ngh nghip, gii hn an ton, t l hp th ring (SAR)
I. Gii thiu
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOL. 53, NO. 4, NOVEMBER 2011
2

Trn hu ht cc quc gia, phi nhim trong lnh vc v tuyn t cc trm antenna gc
thng c quy nh bi CNIRP ( y bn quc t v bo v chng bc x khng ion
ha) hoc cc quy nh do IEEE ban hnh.
Vi CNIRP, c 2 loi hn ch khc nhau c nh ngha l: Nhng hn ch c bn, hn
ch v mc hp th ring ( SAR) v mc phn b hin ti trong c th con ngi, cc
mc tham chiu, v gii hn vt l trong lnh vc trng in t, tip theo l nhng
gii hn c to ra t nhng hn ch c bn. i vi trng khu gn, nh cc antenna
trn cc trm c s cc mc tham chiu c th rt m bo, t s gia cc gi tr trng
ngu nhin v mc hp th ring l ln hn rt nhiu so vi cc mc tham chiu v cc
gii hn c bn. Do , cc phng php o ti cc khu vc quanh cc trm antenna dn
n cc c tnh t l phi nhim an ton. Ni cch khc, cc phng php o t l hp
th ring l cc phng php o trong phng th nghim ti nhng khong cch xa t cc
ngun v tuyn tng i tt.
Ti cc vng ln cn ca cc trm antenna, ni c tn s v tuyn RF cao nht, ti c
phi nhim th hin r rt. Ti liu k thut ca antenna cha cc thng tin c bn v
thng s k thut nh kch thc antenna, h s bc x V th, cn phi c s pht trin
ca 1 d ton nghin cu v h s bc x ring i vi con ngi trong tm phng xa ca
trng khu xa v trng khu gn ca cc trm antenna.
Phi nhim ca m hnh gii phu ngi ti mt trm antenna trc y c nghin
cu qua 2 ti s ph thuc vo mc phi nhim ti cc trm c s theo cc thng
s k thut ca antenna v c th con ngi- 2009 v nh gi t l hp th ring ti
khu vc gn cc trm antenna nhng cc ma trn phi nhim thng khng ph bin,
Hn th na, hu ht cc nghin cu m phng c lin quan l khng ng nht trn cc
m hnh con ngi. Mt dng m hnh c s dng l dng m hnh ngi c th nhn
thy c ( Visible human model) c a ra i din cho bnh qun u ngi dn n
trng hp hp th mnh hn. Mc phi nhim sng phng trn cc m hnh mu
ngi khc nhau cho ta mt t l bc xa ring ph hp vi m hnh mu ngi m
3

khng cn phi t ti mt mc phi nhim ph hp ca mt mu nh hn [ c ch ra
trong bo co tc ng ca trng in t v tuyn trn cc m hnh gii phu khc nhau]
v bo co ny cng ch ra mc phi nhim nh hng ti tr em [ c ch ra trong
bo co t l bc x ring sng mt t gia tn s 10MHz- 5,6Ghz].
Ngi ta tin hnh mt vi nghin cu a ra cng thc phng on mc hp th
ring xc nh phi nhim ti cc trm antenna. y l nhng tnh ton hon ton ph
hp vi phn ln cc d liu v mc hp th ring. Tuy nhin n ch ng dng cho mt
vi mu gii phu l ngi ln mc tn s 800- 2200MHz.

tip cn vn ny su hn bao gm c cc yu t v th cht pht trin cc cng
thc tnh ton v so snh n vi kt qu t c t cc gi tr mc hp th ring (SAR)
t ma trn phi nhim m rng trn ngi khi ng trc mt trm antenna.
4

II. Mc tiu nghin cu
Mc tiu chnh cho nghin cu ny l phc v cho vic pht trin tiu chun PT62232
ca t chc k thut in quc t ( IEC) . V c bn, bao gm cc ni dung sau:
1. Pht trin cc cng thc c lng cho ton b c th ngi, 1 g, 10 g SAR trn
c s nghin cu th trng vt l cng nh cc kt qu s hc.
2. Chun ha cc cng thc thng qua nh gi s hc v mc trung bnh hp th
ring trn c th ngi (wbSAR) v nh khng gian mc hp th ring (psSAR)
ca cc m hnh gii phu c phn gii cao chu tc ng ca phi nhim gy
ra bi hng lot cc trm antenna c vi cc khong cch khc nhau v cc mt
ca phi nhim.
III. Phng php nghin cu
A. M hnh gii phu ngi
Nh fig.1. , 3 thnh vin ca mt gia nh o bao gm: Duke- ng vai tr l ngi n
ng trong gia nh o ny ( VFM). Ella- ng vai tr l ngi ph n trong gia nh ny
(VFF) v Thelonious ng vai tr l mt b trai trong gia nh o ny (VFB). Nhng m
hnh ny c phn bit bi 80 c im nhn dng da trn cc hnh nh cng hng y
hc (MRI) ca nhng ngi tnh nguyn v sc khe. Cc tham s in mi c gn
theo m hnh tham s v bng tng ng c cung cp cho cc m hnh gia nh o
VF.

5

Bng 1 miu t v tui, cn nng, chiu cao, mt cho Scs v b mt da Sdubois ca 3 m
hnh gii phu ny. M hnh gii phu ngi c pht trin cho VF, i din cho cc gi
tr trung bnh ca con ngi ( da trn s liu thng k). Theo cc cng thc d on
c pht trin trn nn tng tin p dng cho 95% dn s ( ch tnh vi ngi ln),
cc kt qu m phng t m hnh gia nh o khng nn vt qu mc phi nhim
c tnh ton trc qua cc cng thc c lng.
B. Antennas
12 m hnh trm antenna ph bin c pht trin da trn m hnh antenna thc, 2
trm cho mi nhm 6 tn s nm trong khong 300Mhz n 5Ghz. Antenna c la
chn c trng cho cc antenna khng dy. Trong bng 2, tm tt cc tham s c trng
bao gm N- s cc phn t, D kch thc ln nht ca antenna, rng bc sng na
cng sut ngang (HPBW), rng bc sng na cng sut dc. Cc m hnh antenna
c chun ha bi b so snh cc c tnh trng khu xa ca n, cng nh trong lnh
vc trng in t, ti 4 mt vi cc khong cch khc nhau trc trm antenna, t
phng php sai phn hu hn min thi gian (FDTD) v phng php m phng
moment MoM tnh ton cc gi tr t ti liu k thut ca thit b.
C. Cc phng php s ha
Tt c cc c tnh v phi nhim trn con ngi trc cc trm antenna c m
phng thc hin trn nn tng tnh ton SEMCAD, bao gm b hu x l cho cc gi tr
c tnh ca nh khng gian mc hp th ring cho mt s lng ngi dng c trng
bt k.
Vic sp t cc m hnh ti cc khong cch ln trong gii hn ca di bc sng l
nguyn nhn cc vn tnh ton tr nn rt rng khi s dng phng php FDTD truyn
thng. mt phng php mi c gi l phng php GHB (generalized Huygens box)
c pht trin v thc hin ti SEMCAD X. Trong phng php ny, cc vng c lin
quan t trm antenna c tnh ton trong khng gian t do s dng phng php FDTD,
MoM, mt phng php phn tch hoc mt vi phng php khc v c ghi li trn
6

b mt GHB trn m hnh gii phu ngi. i vi c tnh phi nhim, yu cu mt
phn gii li rt mnh. Cc trng c ghi li trc c thm vo v bt buc trn
li ti b mt GHB ti v tr gia m hnh. Vic tnh ton SAR c chun ha nh s
dng phng php FDTD. Phng php GHB ch c s dng cu hnh ghp ni
gia m hnh ngi v trm antenna c th c b qua.

IV. Cc cng thc phng on
Phn sau y s miu t cc bc mt cch chi tit cc cng thc phng on ca
wbSAR v psSAR cho phi nhim ti cc trm antenna c s. Hnh 2 cho ta mt biu
miu t cc bc trc khi c gi. Trc tin, c th ngi chu tc ng phi nhim
c c trng bi khi hnh hp [ c cp trong mt s nghin cu s nh hng
ca hnh dng ti mc phi nhim trn c th ngi], nhng cha bao gi c s dng
nhm mc ch phng on hay phn tch. Mt phn tch v phn b, thng k dn s v
khi lng, chiu cao, ch s khi c th cho php ta c th rt ra kch thc ca c th
con ngi dn n phi nhim bo ton cho 95% dn s. Mt biu thc n gin ca
7

wbSAR c tm ra v chun ha cho phi nhim sng phng bao gm vic nng cao cc
lp vn . Mt phn tch cc kt qu sng phng sau chun ha v xc nh trng
hp t s wbSAR trn psSAR xu nht.
Phn b cng sut trung bnh trong ng dn sng thng ng ca antenna c cp
n rt nhiu, nh ta bit, phi nhim t cc trm antenna c s l khng ng nht
trn cc phn khc nhau ca c th con ngi, b mt pht x chu tc ng ca phi
nhim c nh ngha bi khi hnh hp. Sau , cc cng thc tnh wbSAR v psSAR
c pht hin, ph thuc vo cc tham s sn c ca antenna, cng sut bc x, khong
cch khi hnh hp v kch thc ca bch phn v th 95 ca ngi.
A. M hnh ngi tng th
Bc u tin, m hnh ngi xp x vi khi hnh hp v cn nng, chiu cao, b mt
da, khi hnh hp ny ng nht vi phn b = 1000kg/m
3
. Tit din da ca ngi l S,
v d nh: cn nng l m, chiu cao l H, ta s c:
S
DuBois
[cm
2
]= 71,84(m[kg])
0,425
(H[cm])
o.725.
(1)
Tng tit din ca khi hnh hp c tnh theo cng thc (1), v gi tr ca n c xc
nh thng qua 2 tham s: cn nng m v mt phn b. Din tch b mt v khi lng
V ca n c trng cho kch thc ca khi hnh hp: bao gm chiu cao H, b rng W,
su D. Hai tham s sau xc nh gi tr phng sai ca S v V. Hai kch thc ln
nht t c lin quan ti rng v chiu su nh nht, ti v tr c phi nhim cc
i.
B. Phn v th 95 c trng cho m hnh mu ngi
Thay v s dng khi hnh hp c trng cho kch thc ca con ngi, mt cch tip
cn ph bin hn l vic s dng cng thc c lng xc nh kch thc thc ca
ngi v xc nh trng hp xu nht c th xy ra khi m 95% s ngi ln chu
nh hng phi nhim. Gi tr wbSAR cao nht t c khi t s S
cs
/m cc i. Vi mc
8

phi nhim chun trn mt phn hnh hp, gi tr wbSAR, SARwb c th c tnh nh
sau:
SAR
wb
=S
cs
/m. P
D,t
(2)
Vi P
D,t
l phn b cng sut truyn ti trong cht rn v S
cs
=W.H l tit din trn hnh
hp. N c miu t l mc phi nhim dn n wbSAR khi chu phi nhim sng mt
t hoc cc trm antenna c s.

Di phi nhim ca cc trm, i vi tng phn trn c th, mc nh hng l
khng ng nht, mt cng sut cao hn ti v tr trung tm thng ng ca antenna.
Trong trng hp ny, c th ngi ngn hn, rng hn s hp th bc x nhiu hn.
Ngi thp nht, nh nht c miu t trong hnh 3, t s cross-section to mass t
9

11,2x10
-3
m
2
/kg. Trong trng hp phi nhim ti cc trm antenna, rt c th dn n
wbSAR t cc i; v th kch thc la chn c trng cho gi tr phn v th 95 (
tham kho bng 3).

Vi s phi nhim ti cc trm antenna c s, mc nh ln nht l ti v tr trung tm,
phng on ny c m bo cho 95% dn s ( ch tnh vi ngi trng thnh).
Nu mc phi nhim ti cc trm antenna c s l ng nht trn cc phn c th (
tnh theo chiu cao ca m hnh), ta mong mun khi hnh hp ny c th nhm ti c
tnh phi nhim an ton cho 90% dn s ngi ln.
C. Mt cng sut gy ra
T l hp th ring c nh ngha nh mt hm trong in trng trong cht rn E
rms,t

SAR=|E
rms,t
|
2
/ (3)
Gi tr v l dn sut v phn b ring ca vt liu. Ni cch khc, ta c th s dng
cc tham s c tnh ca antenna tnh gi tr phn b cng sut trung bnh theo tuyn
dc c cng chiu cao antenna. Trong phn tip theo, mi quan h gia in trng pht
v phn b cng sut ti s c pht trin v s dng tnh ton t l hp th ring
SAR nh mt hm khi lng c lin quan ti phi nhim ti cc trm antenna, gi
mt cng sut ti l P
D,i
.
10

Mt cng sut ca sng in t c rt ra t in trng E v t trng H nh sau:
P
D =
R{E
rms
x H
rms
} (4)

Truyn lan sng phng, in trng v t trng l trc giao v tr khng sng c tnh
bng cng thc Z=E/H=. Gi tr l t thm, l hng s in mi.
i vi sng phng ti khng gian t do ti, t trng bng 0, hng s in mi
r,
, in
trng tip tuyn l E
t,
in trng ti E
i
qua h s truyn ti t=2/(1+) , vi cc nh
ngha ny, mt cng sut pht P
D,t
c th c tnh theo cng thc sau:
P
D,t
= Z
i
|t|
2
R(1/Z
t
*)
P
D,i
(5)
Vi Z
i
l tr khng vo, Z
t
l tr khng phng tin truyn, in trng pht c th c
tnh nh sau:
|E
rms,t
|
2
=Z
i
|t|
2
P
D,i
(6)
Cng thc tnh gi tr SAR c th c tnh khi x=0 :
SAR(0) = / Z
i
|t|
2
P
D,I
(0) (7)
D. T l hp th ring trung bnh trn ton c th
Phn ny trnh by v cc biu thc tnh ton wbSAR, da trn cc nghin cu c
s dng cho 10g psSAR t tnh xp x da trn SAR ti tit din ca m hnh.
Gi tr trung bnh wbSAR, SAR
wb
c nh ngha l t s ca tng cng sut hp th
trn tng khi lng hp th. Trong trng hp cht rn ng nht, khi lng tng V
tot

c th c vit di dng mt hm ph thuc v tr SAR, SAR(x,y,z):
SAR
wb
=1/V
tot
( )
(8)
11

c tnh ny l hp l vi cht rn ng nht v khi hnh ty , nhng tch phn tr nn
n gin hn tnh ton trong trng hp khi hnh hp. B qua Hiu sut bin v phn
x t mt sau ca khi hnh hp. Khi hnh ny c x l nh mt phn ca na khng
gian. i vi 1 sng truyn lan theo phng x, ta gi s rng, gi tr SAR trong mt
phng yz l ng nht trong vng phi nhim R
yz
v truyn st mt t. B mt x vi
chiu su trung bnh l x
d
c tnh nh sau:
SAR
Wb
= 1/ V
tot
()

(9)
= 1/V
tot

(0)
dx (10)
l h s xuyn su, Trng hp xu nht vi m hnh c hp th ton b lng cng
sut ( x
d
>>)
SAR
wb
= 1/V
tot
/2 SAR (0)
(11)
i vi sng phng, chiu su thm nhp c miu t di dng 1 hm ph thuc tn s
gc, phn thc ph thuc hng s in mi tng i
r
v in dn sut
= 1/[ (
0
0
/2)( (
)
2
-1) ]
-1/2
(12)
E. Tissue layering
Ci thin t l hp th ring so snh cu trc phn lp vi khi ng nht c m
t trn. V c bn, phi nhim trng khu xa dng n gin l ch 1-D cc
thnh phn ca lp. Tp hp tt c cc thnh phn lp c kh nng ti bt k mt v tr
no trn b mt c th ngi, iu ny ni ln rng hiu ng trn 10 g psSAR c th ln
ti 3dB.
Tng t i vi tp thnh phn cc lp, vi m hnh tnh ton v phi nhim, ta gi thit
tng cng cng sut hp th tch hp theo chiu su c th , gi thit khng c phn x
t b mt sau ca cu trc. Ta a ra cc thnh phn ca c lp na khng gian trong
12

sng phng gm 7 tn s nm gia khong tn t 30MHz n 5,8GHz. Cng sut bc x
trong cu trc ny c so snh vi cng sut bc x trn c th ng nht vi cc c
tnh in mi c nh trc.

Hnh 4 m t hm mt tch ly CDF ca tng cng sut hp th vi cc hnh th khc
nhau ca cc lp c so snh vi cht rn ng nht. Cc lp hnh th gy ra trng hp
xu nht (3dB) khng c tm thy bt k c th no. Ta quan tm n cc tin trnh
thc tin, xy ra vi con ngi trong thc t, iu ny l v l khi a ra gi thit bao
hm tt c cc phn. V th, nu hnh th c a ra, s tng ln v t l hp th ring
SAR s t mc thp hn 3dB. Hu ht cc dng u dn n mc tng ln 2.5dB bao
13

gm lp m dy, phn c a ra vi khi hnh c la chn trong phn IV-B c
trng cho nhng phn mng trn c th. trnh s nh gi qu cao ny, mt yu t
ph hp hn c la chn.
F. T l hp th ring trung bnh trn c c th- Phi nhim sng phng
i vi mt khi hnh hp c a ra vo sng phng ng nht, vng phi nhim R
xy

l kh n gin, din tch b mt ti S
cs
, khi ta c :
SAR
wb
= 1/V
tot

W
body
H
body
SAR(0) (14)
= /2D
body
SAR(0)
Vi D
body
, W
body
, H
body
l chiu su, chiu rng v chiu cao ca khi hnh hp.

14

chun ha khi hnh hp tip cn v phn lp cc yu t tng cng ca 2,5dB, cc
kt qu m phng vi sng phng c so snh vi m phng wbSAR. Trong hnh 5
miu t kt qu t phi nhim sng phng ( nguyn nhn xu nht v phn cc v phi
nhim) ca VFB vi cc tn s trong khong 300MHz v 5GHz. Kt qu c a ra
di dng % ca wbSAR, hn mc c bn vi phi nhim sng phng t c ti mc
tham chiu ( theo ICNIRP, tham kho thm bng IV v V). Ngoi ra, nhng m phng
ny c s dng cho khi hnh hp ng nht da trn cc tham s v chiu cao, chiu
rng ca VFB ( khi hnh hp nh sau: 19,4kg, 0,065m,x0,253 mx1,176m), cc tham s
in mi c quy nh trc theo mt vi nghin cu trc da trn 95% yu cu vi
phi nhim trng khu gn. Hnh 5 biu din m phng khi hnh hp theo c tnh
wbSAR da theo kch thc ca n l thp hn so vi wbSAR trn di tn s.
15

i vi di tn cao hn 2GHz, cc tham s in mi cho nhiu kt qu m phng t 1
m hnh khi ng nht.
G. nh khng gian t l hp th ring
nh khng gian t l hp th ring c s ph thuc rt ln vo cc c tnh gii phu v
t th nh [ da theo nghin cu cho 15 m hnh ngi trong khong tn 300-5000MHz).
V tr ca cc b phn c th nh c tay, mt c chn, mi, hng lin quan ti cc i
trng a phng cng nh c tc ng trc tip ti gi tr psSAR. Nh vy, psSAR cho
mi hnh th c bit ca antenna v m hnh ngi l kh c lng gi tr m phng.
Tuy nhin, t s gia wbSAR v psSAR c xc nh t cc m phng sng phng cho
php xc nh mt gi tr gn ng, n gin xc inh trng hp xu nht. Hnh 6 s
dng d liu phi nhim sng phng biu din R
wb
/R
1g,10g,
t s gia wbSAR v
psSAR: R
10g
= SAR
10g
/SAR
10g
limit
hoc R
1g
=SAR
1g
/SAR
1g
limit.

Mt t s ph thuc vo khong tn s c s dng m phng psSAR t c lng
wbSAR
R
wb/1g
={

(15)
R
wb/10g
= {

(16)
16

T s tn s ph thuc da trn phi nhim sng phng cho m hnh ng. Cc t th
khc c th l nguyn nhn lm tng psSAR.
tnh ton psSAR(SAR
1g
, SAR
10g
da trn t s c nghin cu trc o cho
wbSAR:
SAR
1g,10g
/SAR
limit
1g,10g
= 1/ R
wb/1g,10g
. SAR
wb
/ SAR
limit
wb
(17)
SAR
1g,10g
= 1/ 2R
wb/1g,10g
. SAR
wb
/ SAR
wb
limit
/D
body
SAR(0). (18)

17

H. Lan truyn sng tr - Bc x trng khu gn
Lan truyn sng tr c th c xem nh bc x trng khu gn ca mt antenna gin
cng hng. Cng sut b hn ch bao gm HPBW ngang
3dB
v ton b chiu cao L
ca Antenna. Bnh phng mt cng sut trung bnh
D
P xuyn sut chiu di L ti
khong cch r t trung tm phase antenna trong ng dn sng, c tnh bi:
( )
( )
rad
D 3dB
2
3dB 0
P
P ,
1 / r
r
rL r
u =
u +
(19)
r
0
=
3dB
/4 . G
A
L
18

Vi gi tr P
rad
l cng sut bc x t antenna v G
A l
hng ca n.
Gi tr b sai v cc c tnh ca antenna c s dng tnh ton gi tr mt cng
sut trung bnh theo chiu dc song song ca 12 trc antenna c miu t trong mc III-
B. Hnh 7 c so snh vi kt qu tnh ton t cng thc trn cho gi tr mt cng
sut trung bnh t khng gian t do!
Gi tr cn bng c tnh theo cng thc trn nn c s dng vi khong cch ngn
cho antenna cc ln ( vi D/2>200mm), nh 300, 450 v 900 MHz ( c miu t
trong hnh 7), cng nh cho cc antenna c chiu rng tng xng vi chiu cao nh:
300MHz H66V60, tn s 3500 MHz H20V19, 3500MHz H20V19) t cng thc trn,
19

da trn gi thit antenna c dng mnh. Tuy nhin 12 antenna c s dng trong bi
bo ny vi khong cch ln hn 500mm, gi tr cn bng khng ln hn 0,4dB dn n
kt qu c tnh cho SAR c ci thin hn, hu ht cc trng hp t mc 0,8dB.
Hnh 7 cho ta thy, cng thc trn cng l mt tim cn trong trng khu xa ca antenna.
I. T l hp th ring trung bnh- cc trm antenna c s
Trong cng thc (11), min phi nhim R
yz
ph thuc rt nhiu vo m hnh ngi, b
mt antenna v cc c tnh ca antenna. Trng hp n gin m phng con ngi l
s dng khi hnh hp c chiu su D
body
, chiu rng W
body
, chiu cao H
body
. Tuy nhin,
chiu cao hoc chiu rng trn tng phn khc nhau th khng ng nht v mt tip
nhn sng ti t antenna. Phn chu tc ng phi nhim theo chiu rng v chiu cao ln
lt c k hiu l W
eff
v H
eff
trong trng hp ny, wbSAR c th c tnh nh sau:
SAR
wb
= 1/V
tot
/2 W
eff
H
eff
SAR(0) (20)
= /D
body
. W
eff
/W
body
. H
eff
/H
body
. SAR(0). (21)

Ta cp n m hnh c a ra trn ton b chiu rng ca n ( vi W
eff
= W
body
)
ng vi gi thit trng hp nh hng mnh nht. Tuy nhin, ta gi s rng, v tr a ra
20

theo chiu cao khc nhau vi khong cch gia ngi v antenna, chiu cao ca m hnh
gii phu, chiu rng chm tia H
beam
, c tnh ton theo cc c tnh ca trng khu xa
ca antenna (HPBW thng ng,
3dB)
H
beam
= 2dtan(
3dB
/2) (22)
Vi d l khong cch gia cc im vnh ai antenna v mt hp gii hn m hnh
ngi, H
eff
c m t nh sau:
( )
( )
( )
body body
beam body
beam beam body
body body beam
H if H L
Else
L if H L, H A
H if L H H B
H if H H C
<=
<
<= <
<=
(23)
Nu m hnh gii phu ngn hn so vi antenna, H
eff
cn bng vi H
body
, trong mi
khong cch t antenna n ngi. Ni cch khc, nu m hnh gii phu cao hn so vi
antenna v chiu rng chm tia (quan sat hnh 8, v tr p1), H
eff
cn bng vi chiu cao
antenna. Nu b rng chm tia ln hn so vi chiu cao antenna, nhng vn ngn hn
hnh gii phu (quan st hnh 8, v tr P2). Chiu cao ca chm tia c k hiu l H
eff
, .
Nu m hnh gii phu ngn hn so vi b rng chm tia, ton b chiu cao ca ngi s
chu nh hng ( quan st hnh 8, v tr p3), do H
eff
cn bng vi H
body
. Theo chiu dc
v chiu ngang, v tr trung tm trn c th ngi c xem nh tng xng vi v tr
trung tm ca antenna, v tr c b rng v chiu cao phi nhim ln nht, dn n trng
hp chu nh hng phi nhim mnh nht.
J. Cc vn lin quan n cc khong cch ngn t ngi ti antenna.
i vi khong cch t ngi ti antenna l ngn, s phc tp v hnh khi trn c th
ngi dn n mt khong cch khng chc chn. Hn na, cc gi thit c to ra t
21

on cui cng khng hp l vi khong cch rt gn antenna (d</2). Lnh vc ny
kh phc tp, khng c phng trnh tng qut tnh ton hoc suy ra kt qu. Nng
lng b phn x bi ngi c th l rt ln, thay i ph thuc vo tr khng ca ngun
v cc tham s v tuyn ca antenna. Cc phng php o a ra cho cc khong cch
ln n 200mm.
K. Dng y cho cc cng thc c lng
Trong phn ny s m t phin bn cui cng cho cc cng thc c lng theo dng
tng qut ca n. Khong tn s c la chn ph hp vi cc kt qu tnh ton ( a ra
phn V) nm trong khong 300MHz n 5GHz. Cc gi tr cn bng khng bao gm
cc tc ng c th to ra bi s xut hin ca bc x qua tng hoc mt t:
SAR
wb
= 10
0.25
/2 /D
body
W
eff
/ W
body
H
eff
/ H
body
SAR(0) (24)
SAR
1g,10g
= 10
0.25
/(2R
wb/1g,10g)
). SAR
1g,10g
limit
/ SAR
wb
limit
/D
body
SAR (0) (25)
Vi
SAR(0) = ( )
2
1/ 2
2
i rad
3dB A
3dB
Z t P
1 4 / G
Ld
d L
o
t |
|

(
+

(26)

R
wb/1g
={

(26)

R
wb/10g
= {

(28)

22

H
eff
=
body body
beam body
beam beam body
body body beam
H if H L
Else
L if H L, H
H if L H H
H if H H
<=
<
<= <
<=
(29)
H
beam
=2dtan(
3dB
/2) (30)
W
eff
= W
body
(31)
t=
(32)
= 1/
1/ 2
2
0 r 0
0 r 0
'
1 1
2
c c o
c c
( | |
| |
| |
( |
+
| |
( |
\ .
\ .
(
\ .
(33)
L. Dng kt hp ca cc cng thc c lng gi tr bch phn vi th 95.
Cc cng thc tnh ton c a ra theo dng kt hp da trn cc thng tin th nghim
trn 95% ngi ln

n gin ha vic m t cc cng thc ny, ta a ra cc tham s m thi im hin
ti, n ch ph thuc vo mt tn s, gi tp hp cc tn s ring l C(f), ta c:
23

SAR

= C(f) H
eff

P
rad

x
1/ 2
2
3dB A
4
1
G L
d t

(
| |
( +
|
u
(
\ .

(34)
SAR
1g,10g
= 25 x SAR
wb
1,54m/ H
eff 1
/ R
wb/1g,10g
(35)
H
eff
=
beam
beam - beam
beam - beam
beam
1, 54 m if H L, 1, 54m
Else
L if H if L H- L, 1, 54m
H if L H 1, 54m
1, 54m if 1, 54m H
<
<= <
<= <
<=
(36)
H
beam
= 2d tan (
3dB
/2) (37)
R
wb/1g
= {

(38)
R
wb/10g
= {

(39)
( ) ( ) ( )
2
0,25
C f 10 f t f o = (f)/

(40)
H s C(f) l ph thuc vo tn s, n c th c c lng s dng cc gi tr dn sut
v hng s in mi. Trong bng V biu din cc gi tr xp x ca C(f). Sai s ca C(f)
l nh hn 5%, gi tr ny c th gy ra li nh hn 5% vi gi tr t l hp th ring.
V. Gi tr tham s ha
T l hp th ring SAR vi cc cu trc phc tp nh c th ngi l c kh nng o
c, tnh ton thm ch c tnh ton da trn cc h thng tin tin. Cc kt qu ca
wbSAR v psSAR t cc cng thc xp x c so snh vi cc kt qu c s ha qua
FDTD v SEMCAD X s dng mt danh sch m rng cha cc dng hnh th ca con
ngi khi ng trc cc trm antenna. T cc kt qu , mt vi cu hnh c bit
24

c chy c lp theo nhiu nhm khc nhau, s dng cc cng c tnh ton khc nhau
nh FEKO(EMSS, South Africa) v Xfdtd (Remcom, PA) di dng m khi t trng
i Hc Hokkaido, cc nghin cu v pht trin v vin thng Php. Ma trn phi
nhim m rng bao gm tt c cc kt ni c th xy ra nh sau:

25

1. 12 Antenna 6 tn s: 300, 450, 900, 2100, 3500 v 5000 MHz);
2. 6 khong cch: 10, 50, 300, 500, 1000 v 3000mm;
3. 3 m hnh gii phu: VFM, VFF v VFB
4. 2 mt phi nhim: mt trc v sau.
Ch phi nhim mt trc v sau ca m hnh mi c a ra tnh ton v biu din
tm ra trng hp xu nht c th xy ra. Cc m hnh v antenna c cn chnh sao
cho t mc i xng tm n tm v c chiu ngang v chiu dc.
26

27

C th thy c s so snh hai i lng wbSAR v psSAR t cc cng thc c lng
v m phng c ch ra hnh 9 cho antenna tn s 900MHz H65V7. Cc kt qu
c hin th di dng t s vi mc SAR gii hn (xem thm bng IV), thng thng
vi mt cng sut trung bnh c tnh ton theo cc tham s ca antenna (19) n
gii hn phn b cng sut ICNIRP cng c a ra. Ta c th quan st hnh v 9
thy c cc cng thc phng on c p dng trn cc m hnh ngi ln vi
khong cch xa hn 200 mm, t l p dng vi m hnh VFB l rt nh khi ta cp n
wbSAR. y cng l trng hp cho 11 antenna khc. Ti tn s thp, gii hn phn b
cng sut ICNIRP m bo hn so vi cc cng thc c lng ca wbSAR v psSAR.
tn s cao ( khng c miu t trong hnh), gii hn mt cng sut ICNIRP m
bo hn dng phng on wbSAR trong hu ht cc trng hp.
VI. Tho lun v rt ra kt lun
Cc cng thc m phng c pht trin da trn my hp thu ng nht t m hnh vt
l kt hp vi m phng sng phng trn c th hnh nm. Cc cng thc phng on
c chun ha vi cc m phng m rng.
28

Chun ha bng s hc cng chng t rng cc cng thc xp x ny khng phi lun
ng vi tr em. Tuy nhin, cc d liu sn c khng cho php pht hin chnh xc cc
kha cnh ca phi nhim mc phn v trn cc m hnh th nghim.
Vi trng khu gn, cc cng thc phng on c tm thy qua phn tch mc phi
nhim trn con ngi, ph thuc vo kh nng hp th. S tc ng ca bc x trn c
th ngi, mng cung cp theo cc c tnh ca khuch i cng sut, khng bit trc
thng qua cc cng c tnh ton vi cc thng s antenna v ngun v tuyn. V th, vi
cc khong cch gn ( nh hn 200 mm), o lng SAR c khuyn ngh v ph hp
vi cc kt qu chng minh. S la chn ca hu ht cc m hnh th nghim cn
c u t cho cng vic trong tng lai.
Li cm n
Tc gi xin gi li cm n ti tin s Faraone cho thng tin phn b cng sut bc x
antenna, tin s Hadjem v M-F Wong gip tc gi trong cc cng vic lin quan
n m hnh antenna, L-R Harris cho s gip ca ng ti i hc Hokkaido.

29

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31

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32

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33

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