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ATJH BAK MATA DONJA

Keunarang
Tengku Hasan M. di Tiro




1968
INSTITUTE ATJH DI AMRIKA

Hak !eungarang Teu"a# $ak Dro%

Aso Kitap


I. Nari% !eu In"a". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . &
II. 'i(a)a* Keurad)eu%n A")+* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,
III. !rang Deungon -eu(anda. Tara/ !*0n
1 A#ri( 2 3& A#ri(4 18,& . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
I5. !rang Deungon -eu(anda.,11 Tara/ Keu Dua
D6s+7$+r4 18,& 2 D6s+7$+r4 1911 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . &1
5. !rang Deungon -eu(anda. Tara/ Keu 8*6%
D6s+7$+r. 1911 2 Mar"4 1993 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5I. !eu% Aki$a" !rang Deungon -eu(anda
keu :eu"an)o% -ansa A")+* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,
5II. Keu7eurd6*kaan den Keu7ak7uran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69




I
NARIT !EU INTAT

!AKRI-AN :EUTANJ;< ATJH TAN:I<N: DR;<TEUH=
N)o% keu* sa$o* sueu% n)ang ra)ek "*a" keu geu"an)o% $ansa A")+* $ak 7asa n)o%4
n)ang >ad)6$ "a#*a7 uro% dan 7a(a7. Sa$a$ $ak d)euna>eu%$ geu"an)o% a"eu%*
sueu% n)o% 7eugan"ung nasi$ $andu7 geu"an)o% $ak 7asa n)o%4 nasi$ keu"ur0nan
$ak 7asa ukeu%4 dan nasi$ Nanggro% A")+* n)o% a"eu%* r*u%ng d0n)a.
Meun)o geu"an)o% "angi%ng dro%"eu* (ag+% sa$o* $ansa n)ang *ina4 n)ang
(eu7o*4 n)ang kon rnu(ia4 n)ang d)eu%" go$ #eu?ngeu"4 n)ang d)eu%" go$ #eurin"a*
>ie?uneun4 n)ang "67. Seu7a* $ansa (a6n4 n)ang "67 "euri7ong #eurin"a* ni$ak
go$ n)ang "euka4 7aka $ansa geu"an)o% keu7eung *an")04 nan geu"an)o%
keu7eung gado*4 Nanggro% A")+* n)o% keu7eung d)eu%" keu d)ad)a*an go$4 dan
$angsa geu"an)o% keu7eung d)eu%" keu $ansa (a7i%" go$. Sa$a$ 7eun)o "angi%ng
dro%"eu* (ag+% sa$o* $ansa n)ang *ina4 7aka *ana 16 ")i"a?")i"a dan seu7anga"
keu 7u(ia@ 7eun)o "angi%ng dro%"eu* (eu7o*4 7aka *ana (6 seu7anga" #a*(a>an4
7eun)o "angi%ng dro%"eu* $angai4 7aka geu"an)o% "ad)ak seu"o" $ansa go$ n)ang
aki$a" d)i* *ana (a6n ni$ak keunong "i#+%.
Teu"a#i 7eun)o geu"an)o% "angi%ng dro%"eu* (ag+% sa$o* $ansa n)ang 7u(ia
(ag+% "eu(adan n)ang ka geu$ri (6 6nda"u "eu* 7aka geu"an)o% *an sagai "a"67
d)i#eurin"a* (6 $ansa go$ n)ang "a7ong u Nanggro% geu"an)o%. Meun)o geu"an)o%
"angi%ng dro%"eu* si$ago% sa$o* $ansa n)ang 7u(ia4 n)ang *ana sa#eu% kureu%ng
ni$ak $ansa (a6n4 n)ang kon ngeu"4 n)ang kon (eu7o*4 n)ang $eu*o4 n)ang "a
"eu#eu% #eu% keu#eun"6ngan dro%"eu*4 "a "uAo* a"0 ru7o* dan Nanggro%"eu*4
n)ang #an"ang d)i#eu(a7i%" (6 $angsa (a6n4 n)ang ka 7euri$+% "*0n *ud6# 7u(ia4
7euga* dan 7eurd6*ka4 n)ang "a "eu#eu% *ak dro%"eu*4 7aka 7eun)o "angi%ng
dro%"eu* (ag+% n)an4 geu"an)o% A")+* keu7eung 7eu$eudo* keu(ai4 Nanggro%
A")+* keu7eung 7ak7u "eu7a dan $ansa A")+* *an (*a7 a"eu%* r*u%ng d0n)a.
:eu"an)o% A")+* na sa$o* $ansa a"eu%* r*u%ng d0n)a (ag+% $ansa?$ansa
(a6n ")i". geu"an)o% na Nanggro% dro%"eu*. nanggro% A")+*@ geu"an)o% na $asa
dro%"eu*. $asa A")+*4 geu"an)o% na ri>a)a" dro%"eu*. seud)ara* A")+*4 n)ang ka
geu#eugo" (6 6nda"u "eu*. N)o%keu* #usaka n)ang *and)eu%" sagai "a"u>o4 uro%
dan 7a(a74 $eungo*?seu#o"4 #a" n)ang "a du%k4 $0* $ak gaki Seu(a>a*4 $0* $ak
#u")ak :eureud0ng. $0* $ak $in+* Ku"a Aneuk :a(0ng4 $0* di I%ru#a a"a>a di
A76rika. Nanggro A")+* n)o% na keu* i$ara" sa$o* ku"a ra)a4 n)ang ka geu#eudong
(6 6nda"u geu"an)o% "ur0n?"eu7ur0n 7euri$+% "*0n n)ang ka u (ik0" keu "eu7#a"
*ud6#4 keu "eu7#a" 7a"64 dan keu "eu7#a" 7euneuA+n geu"an)o% aneuk?")u")o
geu*.
&
Ku"a n)ang ")eudai* "*a" n)o%4 n)ang 7euaso% $(ang id)04 gunong 7eu?")uk+* a>an4
$an si(ingka (a0" 7as6n. di"eungo* (a0" Ta>a4 ka geu#eudong dan ka geu#eu"*eun
7euri$+% "*0n ni$ak d)ira7#ai* (6 $angsa (a6n4 Ti7u -ara"4 Tunong -ar0*4 $0*
deungon d)a(an di#(o7asi4 $0* deungon geu7u#rang. Hana )u7 n)ang *an geu"67
$a)eu%4 *ana s0sa* n)ang *an geu"67 "angg0ng4 *ana #*6" n)ang nan geu"67
rasa4 $a* "*a" #i* n)a>ong geu"67 $ri deungon suka ri(a $ak #eu(ara "ano* 7u(ia4
nanggro% #usaka n)o%.
-ak >a"+% I$eu%* #rang ra)a deungon -eu(anda4 n)ang #*0n 7u(ai $ak "*0n
18,& dan $ar0 *a$6* $ak "*0n 19&,4 *ana 7eusidro% #eu7i7#in ra)ek $ansa
geu"an)o% n)ang 7an"ong *ud6#4 keureuna $andu7 geu#i(6* 7a"6 7u(ia da(a7
7ideu%n #rang ni$ak *ud6# *ina di7i)u$ -eu(anda. Teu(adan n)ang ka geu$ri keu
geu"an)o% aneuk?")u")o n)o% na keu* 7u"(ak "*a"4 *and)eu%" $an"a* dan *ana
geu#r+* d)euna>eu%$ ni$ak geu"an)o%. $eugi keu"uronan A")+*4 *ud6# a"eu%*
r*u%ng d0n)a n)o% kon asai na *ud6# 7an"ong@ *ud6# geu"an)o% *and)eu%" *an
deungon keu7u(iaan@ geu"an)o% (eu$+* d)ro* 7a"6 ni$ak *ud6# *ina di7i)u$
#eurin"a* $ansa go$@ $ansa A")+* n)o% #an"ang d)i#eurin"a* (6 $ansa (a6n. 8ag+%
")i" ka geu#euinga" da(a7 *ika)a" 6nda"u geu"an)o%.
Had)a" (0n4 aneuk4
Tadong $eukong4
-eu 7eug(ong4
8ag+% geu#u(a.
B!u"ro% !eukisonC
Sa$a$ #eurni7#in?#eu7i7#in geu"an)o% ka *a$6* rneugu(6 da(a7 7ideu%n
#rang4 geu"an)o% keu"ur0nan A")+* n)ang (a*6 >a"+% I*eu%* #rang n)an4 ka gado*
*u$0ngan deungon keu"ur0nan A")+* n)ang *ud6# )0* go*(orn #rang. Da(a7 ar"i
seud)ara*4 #o(i"6k dan ada$4 keu"ur0nan $ar0 n)o% ka gado* 7eunu7a"4 ka gado*
"a(o% n)ang d)eu%" #eusa7$0ng geu"an)o% deungon keu"ur0nan n)ang ka u (ik0".
Ureu%ng $ako ka$6* 7a"6@ ki"a$?ki"a$ ka $6* d)i"0" (6 ka#*6. E(eu7+% 6nda"u *ana
geu"eu7eung #eu"ren $ak ")u")o. Keu"ur0nan $ar0 n)o% *ud6# da(a7 seu#0"?
seu#eu%"4 *ana 7eu*o Tunong -ar0*4 *ana "a "ukri #akri $an "a")ok (angka* n)ang
seu(a7a" keu geu"an)o% si$ago% sa$o* $ansa dan keu A")+* si$ago% sa$o*
Nanggro%. !eudo7an n)ang #eu"un)ok d)a(an keu d)eu%#?d)eu%# $ansa da(a7 *ai
n)ang (ag+% n)o% n)an keu* seud)ara* d)i*. Teu"a#i di geu"an)o% seud)ara* "eu* ka
gado* $andu7 da(a7 a>o. Hana "a "eu#eu% (6 #eu% n)ang ka "eud)adi di Nanggro%
A")+* n)o% 1D "*0n n)ang ka u (ik0"4 #eu% (orn 1DDD "*0n n)ang ka ka.
!ada*ai4 n)ang u$6 $u%"4 Ae(eu7+% seud)ara* dro% "eu* keu* n)ang 6k $ri
d)euna>eu%$ keu geu"an)o% #eukara #eu% n)ang #eureu(+% "a #eu$u%" $ak "i%#?"i%#
>a"+%4 dan $ak d)eu%$?d)eu%$ na $a)a keu $ansa. Seud)ara* geu"an)o% #euno*
deungon ")eun"o dan "eu(adan #akri $an 6nda"u geu"an)o% geu ngi%ng dro% geu*@
#akri $an go$ n)an geu #eu$u%" >a"+% $ansa dan Nanggro A")+* n)o% na da(a7
$a)a@ #akri $an go$ n)an geu$ri 7euna(ai* keu $u%" $ansa (a6n@ #akri $an go$ n)an
geu ngi%ng $ansa?$ansa (a6n di Su7a"ra4 Ma(aEa dan D)a>a@ #akri$an go$ n)an
geu
9
ngi%ng $ansa?$ansa i%ru#a dan A7+rika@ dan #eu% n)ang ka geu #eugo" $ak
#eu"*eun d+%(a" $ansa dan Nanggro% A")+* n)o%. -andu7 A+(eu7+% n)o% ka *ana (6
$ak d)aro% geu"an)o% keu"ur0nan I*eu%* #rang deungon -eu(anda n)an4 #ada *ai
7asa n)ang ka u (ik0" n)an na keu* si$ago% "ang(0ng n)ang 6k #eu#eungeu* d)a(an
keu 7asa ukeu%.
Meunankeu*4 $ak >a"+% ureu%ng -eu(anda d)i#eu"a(0 (6 ureu%ng D)eu#ang4
geu"an)o% ureu%ng A")+* dan Nanggro% A")+* n)o% d)i")ok (6 D)eu#ang. Nan?nan go$
n)ang 7a" nanggro% dan d)aro%?gaki d)i* 7eugan"o% ni$ak $asa -eu(anda keu $asa
D)eu#ang. F:ouGerneurF4 FHon"ro(eurF4 FIei/$es"uurderF d)eu%" keu JT)okanF4
F:un")oF4 FSun")oF4 dan (a6n (o7 (ag+% n)an. Teu7a4 $ak >a"+% D)eu#ang #i* ka "a(0
#rang4 dan #a)a* d)i* 7eun)eura* $ak #i*ak Meus)arika" BA7+rika4 Inggr6*4
!euran")is4 -eu(anda da* rakan?rakan d)i*C4 nanggro% A")+* n)o% r*e" keu(ai $ak
d)aro% dro%"eu*4 seudang $an sa$o* FHindia -eu(andaF??n)ang d)ino% ka d)i$a(6k
nan keu FIndonesiaF n)ang 7akna d)i* F!u(o K(6ngF a"a>a F!u(o HinduF ??ka d)i")ok
keu(ai (6 -eu(anda.
Teu"a#i -eu(anda $ak >a"+% n)an *an d)id)eu%" "euka keu(ai keuno% u
nanggro% A")+* keureuna #eunga$a $u%" 6nda"u geu"an)o%. N)o% keu* sa$o*
")eun"o da(a7 seud)ara* d0n)a4 #akri$an $u%" 6nda"u4 $u%" ureu%ng ")*ik "eu* n)ang
ka 7a"6 $ri #eu(ind0ng keu keu"ur0nan n)ang 7an"ong *ud6# ni$ak $a)a d)i#eu6k
#rang (6 7us0*. Teu"a#i geu"an)o% A")+* $ak "*0n 19914 (ag+% ka "a 7eu"euAo*
$uno% di(ik0"4 na da(a7 seu#0"?seu#eu%" #eukara #o(i"6k dan #eukara 7a"
nanggro% "eu*. :eu"an)o% na keu* (ag+% ureu%ng ka gado* akai4 *ana "a "eu#eu%
#eu$u%" #eu% n)ang d)ro* keu dro%"eu* $ak >a"+% n)ang #eun"+ng "*a" n)an. Adak
7eugeu"an)o% *ana "eungeu"4 adak 7eu "a "eu#eu% #eu% n)ang d)ro* keudro%"eu*4
"eun"+% geu"an)o% ka "a #eun)a"a (ad)u $ak d0n)a $a*>a nanggro% A")+* 7eu"ua*
n)o% ka 7eurd6*ka keu(ai (ag+% d)a7eun kon sa$6 a"eu%* r*u%ng d0n)a. -ak
>a"+% n)an geu"an)o% *ana so% 6k sangga* $ak "a #eudong *ak dro%"eu* keu(ai.
-eu(anda *an d)id)eu%" gisa (6 $eureuka" #eunga$a 6nda"u. D)a>a ka d)i")ok "eu7a
(6 -eu(anda. Sukarno ka d)i7eun)eura* (ag+% aneuk 7anok. D)ino% $ar0 "a "eu#eu%
#adu7 na )u7 n)ang #a)a* "a$a)eu% keureuna *ana Ae(eu7+% n)an.
Meunankeu*4 keureuna geu"an)o% ka d)eu%" keu $angai "*a"4 ni$ak
"a#eun)a"a dro%"eu* 7eurd6*ka keu(ai4 geu"an)o% "ad)ak seu"o" D)a>a dan "a#eugo"
dro%"eu* keud)a7inan a"a>a F$orgF D)a>a $ak 7a"a d0n)a4 nanggro% A")+* n)o%
"a$ri d)i* ngui si$ago% $uk"i "ano* de /aK"o d)i* $ak d0n)a4 "ano* n)ang *an 6k
d)i#eu"ak(0k (6 -eu(anda4 D)adi kur$an dan #eunga$a 6nda"u geu"an)o% kon na
"angui keu dro%"eu* $ak #eu"*eun keu 7eurd6*kaan nanggro% A")+* n)o%4 "eu"a#i
"a $ri d)ingui (6 D)a>a $ak #eu"*eun keu7eurd6*kaan dro% d)i* dan keuneu(eu%*
d)id)ad)a* geu"an)o% "eu7a. D)ino% nan?nan d)aro%?gaki go$ n)ang 7a" nanggro%
geu"an)o% ka d)igan"o% "eu7a deungon $asa D)a>a. FT)okanF4 F:un")oF4 FSun")oF ka
d)eu%" keu F:u$ernurFBd)i")u% ni$ak $asa -eu(andaC4 F-u#a"iF. F'edana4F

1
FT)a7a"F dan (a6n (ag+% n)an. N)o% $andu7 na keu* a(a7a" #eund)ad)a*an $ansa
go$ a"eu%* $ansa geu"an)o% n)ang *and)eu%" *an "asa7#0* $eu g(6* ni$ak 7uka
nanggro% A")+*.
Keu geu"an)o% $ansa A")+* d)a(an *ud6# ")i" sa$o* sagai. *ud6# deungon
7u(ia. Dan *ud6# deungon 7u(ia 7aknad)i* *ud6# deungon 7eurd6*ka. Hana ga*
$ak *ud6# (a7i%". *ud6# di7i)u$ #eurin"a* $ansa (a6n kon 7an"ong *ana
7us"a*ak4 "eu"a#i 7us"a*6 $eugi geu"an)o% n)ang dara* A")+* na i(6 da(a7 "u$0*
"eu*. 'asi%" seud)ara* geu"an)o% n)ang ka 7eri$+% "*0n4 n)ang ka geuseu"o" (6
6nda"u geu"an)o% "r0k Aan na#*ai* geu* n)ang keuneu(eu%*4 *ana (a6n ni$ak n)o%.
(eu$+* go" "a 7a"6 $ak "a #eudong keu 7u(iaan aga7a4 $angsa dan Nanggro%
A")+* n)o% ni$ak *ud6# d)eu%" keu (a7i%" $ansa (a6n. N)o%keu* sa$a$ 7aka
nanggro% A")+* dan $ansa A")+* 7eurd6*ka dan 7u(ia sa$6 a"eu%* r*u%ng d0n)a.
Risa(a* A")+* -AK MATA DLNJA n)o% ka u(0n sus0n keu ureu%ng 7uda dan
aneuk dara A")+* $ak >a"+% n)o%4 si$ago% sa$o* "u"u% n)ang #eusa7$0ng 7asa
n)ang ka u (ik0" deungon 7asa ukeu%4 si$ago% seuna7$0ng "a(o% n)ang ka #u"0*
deungon 7asa d)a7eun4 su#a)a ureu%ng 7uda A")+*4 aga7 dan inong4 geu#*a7
keu(ai #akri$an d0n)a n)ang ka geu#eudong I6 6nda"u4 #akri$an keu7u(iaan n)ang
ka geu"eu7eung4 dan #akri$an $ak >a"+% n)an geu"an)o% A")+* go$ "*+% na $an
sa$o* d0n)a. Aso% $uku n)o% "eusad)a "eu#i(6* ni$ak #adu7?#adu7 $o* "u(6*san
keunarang ureu%ng (eru#a dan A7erika "eun"ang *ai nanggro% A")+* $ak 7asa
n)ang ka u (ik0"4 ni$ak 7eureu"0*?reu"0* keunarang (a6n da(a7 $asa Inggr6*4
!or"ug6*4 !euran")is4 D)eureu7an4 -eu(anda4 I"a(ia dan Ara$ n)ang ka u(0n
"eu7eung da(a7 7eu"*0n?"*0n #ar+ksa da(a7 keuneu$a* ki"a$?ki"a$ d)a7eun di
8issa$on B!or"ug6*C4 Madrid BS#an)o(C4 !aris B!euran")isC4 8ondon BInggr6*C4
Is"an$u( BTurkiC4 Ne> Mork dan 'as*ing"on BA7erikaC.
8e "*a" $uku n)ang go$ "u(6* "eun"ang A")+* da(a7 $asa Meu(a)u 7eu asai
ni$ak #eu% n)ang ka d)i"u(6* I6 ureu%ng -eu(anda4 d)adi 7eu asai ni$ak 7us0*
geu"an)o%. Ka "rang4 ureu%ng -eu(anda sa$6 d)i")u$a #eu u$i" ar"i geu"an)o% A")+*
da(a7 d0n)a4 dan d)i")u$a "0# $ak geu"an)o% #eu% n)ang $angsa (eru#a n)ang (a6n
#ik6 "eun"ang $angsa geu"an)o%. !eu% (o7 sa$o* s"ra"egi #o(i"6k dan 7i(i"+
-eu(anda $ak d)i7u#rang deungon geu"an)o%4 (ag+% k*eun SnouKk Hurgron)e *ana
(a6n ni$ak F*un su#eriori"ei"s>aan "e on"ne7enF4 n)akni deungon d)a(an "a #eu
*an")0 #eurasaan keu 7u(iaan dan keu"inggian $angsa A")+* n)an. D)adi -eu(anda
#i* d)i"eu#eu% 7eun)o geu"an)o% 7an"ong "a ngi%ng dro%"eu* (ag+% sa$o* $ansa
n)ang 7u(ia geu"an)o% *an "a "67 sagai 7eun)eura* dan *an 6k d)i* d)ad)a*.
Deungon "a "eu#eu% #akri $an A")+* -AK MATA DLNJA dan #akri $an
$ansa?$ansa (a6n $an sa$o* d0n)a d)ingi%ng geu"an)o% A")e*4 7aka Ae(eu7+% n)o%
7eu"u(0ng keu geu"an)o% keu"ur0nan A")+* $ak 7asa n)o% $ak "a ngi%ng
6
dro%"eu* (ag+% sa$o* $ansa n)ang 7u(ia4 7anga" "a "uAo* *ud6# dan "a "ukri 7a"6
(ag+% n)ang #a"0" keu sa$o* $ansa n)ang 7u(ia. Meunan")i"4 7anga" 6k "a #eugo"
#eu% n)ang ka reu(o*4 "a #eugisa #eu% n)ang ka gado*.

Teungku di Tiro

Ne> Mork4 11 Mar"4 1968.

II
'I8AJAH KEURADJEU<N ATJH
Da(a7 *ika)a" Ma(67 Dagang n)ang #euga* ri>a)a" #rang A")+* deungon
!or"ug6* $ak "*0n 16394 na geu#euga* ")i" $a"ai* Keurad)euen A")+* $ak >a"+%
n)an4 n)ang "eudong ni$ak (eu$+* si"eungo* #u(o Su7a"ra. ro" Ti7u "r0* u Kru%ng
Ka7#ar4 ro" Tunong "r0* u -engku(+n. Seudang di Tano* Meu(a)u4 nanggro%
D)o*or4 !*ang4 !irak4 Keuda* dan !er(is r0* da(arn >i(a)a* Keurad)eu%n A")+* ")i".
8a6n ni$ak $uku Ma(67 Dagang n)an go* (o7 na "a "eu7eung $uku A")+* n)ang
#euga* #eukara $a"ai* Keurad)aan A")+*. Teu"a#i s)uk0 keu Tu*an4 #eu% n)ang
geu"an)o% A")+* keudro% "eu* ka "u>o $ak "a "u(6*4 a"a>a ka na "eu"u(6* "eu"a#i ka
gado* da(a7 a>o4 ka go$ "*+% na $an sa$o* d0n)a dan ka go$ "u(6* da(a7 siga(a
$asa.
-a"ai* n)ang ka geu#eun)a"a da(a7 *ika)a" Ma(e7 Dagang n)an ka d)i#eusa*
")i" da(a7 ki"a$ D)eureu7an4 MeEers grosNes 8eOikons4 (ag+% n)o%.
-ak #*0n a$ad keu 1,4 >a"+% Keurad)aan A")+* n)ang 7u(ai "eudong
deungon ra)a $ak a$ad keu 164 na $ak #u")ak keu$eusarand)i*4 (u>ai*
>i(a)a* Keurad)aann)an di #an"6 -ara" #u(o Su7a"ra "r0* u -engku(en
dan di$agian Ti7u Su7a"ra "r0i* u Ka7#ar4 seudang sa$o* $agian "ano*
n)ang "oP deungon n)an4 dan Tano* Seu7eunand)ong Meu(a)u na "ano*
d)ad)a*an A")+*.Q

Q FAn/ang. des 1, Ja*r*.4 a(s das An/ang des 16 Ja*r*. $egrRnde"e ReiK* A"sK*in
au/ seiner HS*e s"and4 ers"reKk"e siK* sein :e$ie" (Tngs der 'eskRs"e Su7a"ra s
$is -enku(en und (Tngs der ;skRs"e $is Ka7#ar >T*rend ein Tei( der angren?
Nenden -innen (Tnder und Ha($inse( Ma(akka i*7 Tri$u" Na*("e. F MeEers grosNes
8eOikons4 d)i(6d II4 0n 6&.
,
A*(i seud)ara* !euran")is. H. de Magnin4 da(a7 keunarang go$ n)an FA"K*in
ou AK*e7F #eukara *ai nanggro% A")+* da(a7 ki"a$ 8a :rande EnKEK(o#6die4
geu"u(6*@

-ak "*0n 1183 ureu%ng A")+* ka geu#eu(u>ai* daira* #eungar0*
keukuasaan geu* a"eu%* #u(o?#u(o Sunda4 dan a"eu%* sa$o* $agian
"ano* Seu7eunand)0ng Ma(aka. Meunan")i" A")+* #eudong *u$0ngan
deungon $andu7 nanggro% $an si(ingka 8a0" Hindi4 dan 7u(ai ni$ak
nanggro% D)eu#ang "r0k Aan u nanggro%?nanggro% Ara$. !eurd)uangan
n)ang geu#eugo" (6 ureu%ng A")+* $ak geu(a>an ureu%ng !or"ug6* n)ang
du%k da(a7 ku"a Ma(aka 7u(ai #*0n $ak a$ad keu 16 "r0k Aan
#eu"eunga*an a$ad keu 1,4 na keu* sa$o* $a$ n)ang *ana kureu%ng
keu$eusaran dan keu7euga*an da(a7 seud)ara* $ansa A")6*. -ak "*0n
1186 sidro% Rad)a A")+* geud)ak #rang ureu%ng !or"ug6* deungon sa$o*
ar7ada n)ang "eudong ni$ak kira?kira 1DD $o* ka#ai #rang deungon
6D4DDD "eun"ra (a0". Q

Seudang da(a7 $uku?$uku !euran")is n)ang (a6n da(a7 a$ad keu 16 dan 1, "iP#?
"i%# d)iseu$0" nan A")+* d)i#eun)a"a sa$6 $a*>a nanggro% A")+* na keu* sa$o*
nanggro% n)ang #a(6ng ra)ek kuasa di Asia Ti7u n)o%. Miseu% d)i*4 ki"a$ ra)a
8arouse :rand DiK"ionnaire UniGerse((e4 d)i$ri #eun)a"a #eukara geu"an)o% $angsa
A")+* (ag+% n)o%. Fureu%ng A")+* na sa$o* $ansa n)ang #a(ing ra)ek kuasa di #u(o?
#u(o Asia Ti7u $ak ak*6 a$ad keu 16 "r0kAan #eu"eungo*an a$ad keu 1,.FQQ

Q F En 11834 i(s aGain" 6"andu (eur #r6#ond6ranKe sur (es iU(esde (a Sonde4 sur
une #ar"ie de (a #resVuAiie de Ma(aKKa4 i(s 6"aien" en re(a"ion aGeK "ous (es
#aEs Vue $aigne (AoK6an Indien de#uis Ie Ja#on )usVuAW (AAra$ie. 8a (u""e VuAi(
sou"inren" Kon"re (es !or"ugais 6"a$(is W Ma(aKKa de#uis Ie Ko77enKe7en" du
X5Ie si+K(e )usVuAau 7i(ieu du X5IIe si+K(e nAes" #as une des #ages (es 7oins
g(orieuse de (A*is"oire des A"K*inois. En 11864 un de (eurs su("ans a""aVue (es
!or"ugais aGeK une /(o""e dAenGiron 1DD Goi(es 7on"6e #ar 6D4DDD 7arins.F H.
de Magnin4 FA"K*in ou AK*e7F4 8a :rande EnKEK(o#6die4 d)i(6d I5. 0n 9D3.
!aris. 18,9.
QQ F 5ers (a /in du X5Ie si+K(e e" )usVuA W (a 7oi"i6 du X5Ue4 (es AK*ins e"aien" (a
na"ion do7inan"e de (AarK*i#e( Indien.F 8arouse :rand DiK"ionnaire UniGerse((e4
d)i(6d I4 0n ,D. !aris4 "*0n 1866.
8

H. T. Da7s"64 da(a7 karangan d)i* FHe" 5o(k Gan A")+*F4 ka d)i"u(6* $a*>a
F$ak a>ai a$ad keu 1,4 >i(a)a* Keurad)aan A")+* di Su7a"ra ro" Tunong "r0k u
!a(e7$ang dan -engku(en4 dan di Seu7eunand)0ng Tano* Meu(a)u "r0k u Keda*4
!irak dan !*ang. FQ
-an?$an n)o% ka u(0n "eu7eung "eu7a di Ne> Mork dan di Madrid #adu7?
#adu7 $o* #eu"a "u*a $eunua Asia n)ang #eun"6ng "*a" keu geu"an)o% A")+*4
sa$a$ da(a7 #eu"a?#eu"a n)an "rang "euraka7 $a"ai* dan (u>ai* >i(a)a*
Keurad)aan A")+* 7u(ai $ak a$ad keu 16 "r0kAan a$ad keu 19 dan "r0kAan $ak >a"+%
7u(ai #rang deungon -eu(anda. Sa(a* sa$o* ni$ak #eu"a?#eu"a n)an geu
#eu"eu$ie" di nanggro% !euran")is $ak "*0n 1,D84 #euneugo" a*(i Ae(eu7+% $u7o%
!euran")is4 H*a"e(ain. !eu"a n)an geu#eunan FHar"e des Indea de (a H*ine4 des i(es
de Su7a"ra4 JaGa4 e"K.F4 n)ang 7aknad)i*4 F!eu"a India4 T)ina4 #u(o Su7a"ra4 #u(o
D)a>a dan (a6n ni$ak n)an.F Di7i)u$ nan n)an na "eu"u(6* "eu7a. FDress6e sur (es
Me7oires (es #(us nouGeauO e" sur (es 7ei((eurs ;$serGa"ions4 "ir6es des Re(a"ions
(es #(us /ide(es4 F n)ang 7aknad)i*. F Teu#eugo" 7eunur0" Ae(eu7+% n)ang #a(6ng
$ar04 dan >a"+% I*eu%* "eusid6k deungon "eugo* "*a"4 7eunur0" uk0ran n)ang
$e"0i "*a" (age% keuadaan n)ang si$eunad)i*. F Da(a7 #eu"a n)an nan
Keurad)aan A")+* "eu"u(6* deungon $asa !euran")is. R;MAUME DAAHHEM. -ak
>a"+% n)an4 "*0n 1,D84 $a"ai* Keurad)aan A")+* (eu7a* (ag+% n)o%. $a"ai* di #an"6
-ara" Su7a"ra na ro" Tunong !adang Ban"ara !adang deungon -engku(enC@ $a"ai*
di #an"6 Ti7u Su7a"ra na $ak Kru%ng Ka7#ar. D)adi $euna "*a" (ag+% ka
geu#euga* da(a7 *ika)a" Ma(e7 Dagang. -a* "*a" #i* Keurad)aan A")+* $ak sa$o*
>a"+% na Ieu$+* (u>ai* ni$ak n)an4 #eu"a n)o% na sa$o* doku7en n)ang #eun"eng
"*a" keu seud)ara* A")+*. BKa(on #eu"a n)an $ak on 1DC. Ro" $(a* >ie4 di7i)u$4 na
"eu"u(6* keu"eurang an (ag+% n)o%.
!u(o Su7a"ra na sa$o* #u(o n)ang ra)a "*a" di Asia.... !u(o D)a>a4 n)ang
(eu$e* d)euo* u Tunong n)an4 kara# $andu7 na "ano* d)ad)a*an
-eu(anda.... D)akar"a4 n)ankeu* "eu7#a" d)idu%k U(e% !eu7eurin"a*
Ko(onia( -eu(anda. QQ
D)adi $ak "*0n 1,D84 $ak >a"+% geu"an)o% $ansa A")+* 7an"ong "eu"a#
7eurd6*ka4 dan nanggro% A")+* na sa$o* nanggro% 7eurd6*ka n)ang ra)a dan
7eukuasa da(a7 d0n)a4 D)a>a ")i" ka d)eu%" keu "ano* d)ad)a*an -eu(anda. 8eu$+*
1DD "*0n

Q F ...in *e" $egin Gan de 1,de eeu> reik"e deNe o# Su7a"ra naar *e" Iuiden "o"
!a(e7$ang en -engku(en4 en o# den Ma(akaansK*en oGer>a( "o" oGer !eraA4
!a*ang en Keda*. F H. T. Da7s"6. FHe" 5o(k Gan A")+*F4 De 5o(ken Gan
Neder(andsK* Indi%4 seunus0n !ro/. J. H. Gan Eerde4 d)i(6d I4 0n &9.
QQF 8Ai(e de Su7a"ra es" une des #(us Konsidera$(es de (AAsie.... JaGa4 Vui es" (a
#(us 7eridiona(e des I(es de (a Sonde a#ar"ien" #resVue "ou"e auO
Ho((andois.... -a"aGia es" Ie se)our du :ouGernr. :enera( des Indes.F 1,D8.
9
1D
I*eu%* n)an4 n)akni $ak "*0n 18114 D)a>a d)ireu$0" (6 Inggr6* ni$ak d)aro%
-eu(anda4 dan d)i#eudu%k di 7i)u$ #eu7eurin"a* Ko(onia( Inggr6* di India. -ak "*0n
18164 #u(o D)a>a n)an d)i $ri #u(ang "eu7a (6 Inggr6* keu -eu(anda. Meunankeu*4
$ak >a"+% D)a>a ka 7eu reu"0*?reu"0* "*0n d)eu%" keu $angsa (a7i%" go$4 dan
a>ak n)an 7eu"uka?"uka d)aro% ni$ak sa$o* #o d)i* keu #o d)i* n)ang (a6n4
geu"an)o% A")+* 7an"ong "eu"a# sa$6 (ag+% sa$o* $ansa 7eurd6*ka n)ang go$
"*+% na $an sa$o* d0n)a.
Deungon 7eu"eu7eung #eu"a?#eu"a n)o% $andu74 7aka ka ")uk0# $uk"i keu
geu"an)o% #eukara keu$eusaran A")+* $ak 7asa n)ang ka u (ik0". !eu"a?#eu"a n)o%
#eu kong deungon *ana ragu?ragu (6 #eu% n)ang ka go$ "u(6* da(a7 seud)ara*
d0n)a4 da(a7 siga(a $asa4 "eun"ang keu$eusaran $ansa dan nanggro% A")+*.

III

!RAN: DEUN:;N -EU8ANDA. TARAY !HLN
1 A#ri( ? 3& A#ri(4 18,&
!rang geu"an)o% deungon -eu(anda n)ang "r0kAan 61 "*0n n)an B18,& ? 19&,C
n)ang da(a7 ki"a$ n)o% akan "a 7eu"euAo* da(a7 I*+% $o* "ara/4 na keu* sa$o*
keud)adian n)ang Ie "*a" ar"i keu geu"an)o% $ansa A")+* da(a7 $ideu%ng seud)ara*4
7i(i"+4 #o(i"6k4 ekono7i dan ada$4 sa$a$ #rang 61 "*0n deungon -eu(anda n)ang na
keu* i$ara" sa$o* $a"+% ud)o% n)ang #eu"eun"+% #eu% geu"an)o% A")+* 7eu* a"a>a
"eu7aga4 #irak a"a>a "i7a*4 #eu(eusu a"a>a "u(+n. :eu"an)o% $angsa A")+* ka "a
$eudo* ni$ak keunong ud)o% deungon #eudeu%ng dan a#ui n)an4 n)ang (eu$+*
si"eungo* a$ad4 (uka #ara*4 si"eungo* *ud6#4 si"eungo* 7a"64 "eu"a#i deungon
keu7u(iaan dan keu*or7a"an n)ang (eu$+* ra)ek $ak d0n)a dan $ak ak*ira" ni$ak
n)ang kaka. !akon= Sa$a$ da(a7 #rang n)an $an sa$o* d0n)a ka d)ika(on #akri $an
31D4DDD ureu%ng 7uda dan aneuk dara A")+* geu"67 $ri d)a>ong $ak #eu"*eun
nanggro% A")+* n)o% ni$ak d)id)ad)a* I6 $angsa go$@ n)o% 7aknad)i* 31 dro% ni$ak
"i%#?"i%# 1DD dro% ureu%ng A")+* inong?aga74 a"a>a 1D dro% ni$ak "i%#?"i%# 1DD
7eun)o "akira ureu%ng aga7 7an"ong4 geu"67 7a"6 $ak #eu"*eun
11
Nanggro% n)o%4 sa$a$ $ak >a"+% n)an geu"an)o% A")+* ")i" na kira?kira si7i(iun dro%
sagai4 inong?aga74 "u*a?7uda. Sa$o* $ansa n)ang d)i"67 7eudong (ag+% n)an $ak
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a"a>a di -ara" n)ang 6k d)i7eudong (ag+% geu"an)o%Z -ak #eu"*eun d+%(a"
Nanggro% dan keu 7u(iaan $ansa.
-a* "*a" $eu -eu(anda n)ang $ak >a"e% n)an d)eu%" keu (a>an geu"an)o%
d)i7eungaku ")i" #eukara si#*eu%" #a*(a>an geu"an)o% A")+*. Miseu% d)i*4 u(e* H.
H. Ien"graa/ ka d)i"u(e*.
Na keu* sa$o* keu$eunaran n)ang *and)eu%" *an "a akui $a*>a $ansa
A")+* n)an4 inong dan aga74 ka geu7u#rang $andu7 na (ag+% $in"ang
*u4 $ak #eu"*eun ")i"a?")i"a keu$ansaan a"a>a ")i"a?")i"a keuaga7aan
ureu%ng n)an. Da(a7 gu(0ngan #eud)uang?#eud)uang n)o% 8eu#a* "*a" Ie
ureu%ng aga7 dan ureu%ng inong n)ang d)eu%" keu keu$anggaan keu
"i%#?"i%# $ansa. Ureu%ng n)an *ana kureu%ng ni$ak #a*(a>an #rang
geu"an)o% n)ang #a(6ng ra)ek "*a". Q
Sa$o* $ansa n)ang 6k d)i7eudong 61 "*0n #eu"*eun nanggro% d)i*4 na keu* sa$o*
$ansa n)ang k*a "*a" da(a7 d0n)a n)o%4 n)ang nan 6k d)i#eu"ak(0k (6 go$ si#an)ang
7asa4 $a* "*a" #i* 7ungk6n "a(0 #rang si uro%?dua.
Sidro% #eungarang -eu(anda "reuk4 J. Kree7er4 n)ang a*(i #eukara seud)ara*
A")+* ")i"4 d)i"u(6* (ag+% n)o%.
-a* "*a" #akri$an "a #rang $ansa A")+* n)an4 a>ak n)an "eu"a# sa$6 *ana
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$an"a*4 k*eun D)eundra( !e(4 A$a*>a $ansa A")+* ka geu 0sa*a deungon
si#*eu%" n)ang kreu%* "*a"4 n)ang #a"0" geu"an)o% "a*e $ak "a ka(on@
7eunan")i" $u%" #eu"*eun Nanggro% ureu%ng n)an4 n)ang geu#eu(aku
deungon Ae(eu7+%4 keukua"an dan keu$i"?keu$i" "*a"4 (ag+% *an"o7 "a
ka(on $ak $ansa?$ansa (a6n di #u(o?#u(o Hindia n)o%.A QQ

Q F De >aar*eid is da" de A")e*ers 7annen en Grou>en in *e" a(ge7een
sK*i"/Kerend *e$$en geGoK*"en Goor >a" Ni) Nagen a(s *un na"ionaa( o/
re(igieue ideaa(. Er is onder die a"ri)dera een Neer groo"aan"a( 7annen en
Grou>en die den "ro"s Gan e(k Go(k Nouden ui"7aken@ Ni) doen Goor de
sK*i""erends"e Gan onNe oor(ogs/iguren nie" onder.F H.H. Ien"graa/4 A")e*4 on 1.
QQ F Maar >e(ke s(agen den A")e*er ook >erden "oege$raK*"4 s"eeds $(ee/ *i)
onGer7oeid o7 Ni)n grond Goe" Goor Goe" "e Gerdedigen. AHe" Ga(" nie" "e
on"kennenA???Noo druk"e generaa( !e( NiK*" ui"??Ada" *i) ges"reden *ee/" 7e"
$e>onderens>aardige *ardnekkig*eid en $i) Ni)n Gerdediging een "aK"4 energie
en >erkNaa7*eid *ee/" aan den dag ge(egd4 die 7en "e Gergee/s in Nu(k een
7a"e $i) eenig ander Go(k in den IndisK*en ArK*i#e( Nou Noeken.AF J.Kree7er4
A")+*4 d)i(6d I4 on 3&1.
13
-eu"0i4 geu"an)o% keuneu(eu%* "a(0 da(a7 #rang 61 "*0n n)an deungon -eu(anda4
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a"a>a "a(0. Sa$a$ n)an keu* *ana $ansa n)ang 7eunang sa$64 dan *ana $ansa
n)ang "a(0 sa$6.
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#rang #*0n4 dan kon #rang keuneu(eu%*4 7eun)o geu"an)o% 7an"ong "a keu7eung
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(eu$+* ra)ek ni$ak ka#ai?ka#ai #rang $ansa?$ansa I%ru#a $ak >a"+% n)an. FQ
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deungon -eu(anda4 da(a7 #rang n)an geu"an)o% kon "a(0 sa$64 "eu"a#i na ")i"
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"*a" #eukara 7ideu%n #rang Kua(a A")+* n)o%. Miseued)i*4 $uku J. Kree7er4 A")+*4
n)ang

Q F T*e /(ee" Konsis"ed o/ 1DD sai(4 a *undred o/ >*iK* >ere o/ grea"er siNe "*an
anE "*en Kons"ruK"ed in Euro#e. F Jo*n Hra>/urd4 A DesKri#"iGe DiK"ionarE o/
"*e Indian Is(ands and Ad)aKen" Houn"ries4 6n &. 8ondon4 1816.
1&
"eu$ai d)i* dua d)i(6d4 deungon aso% 1&D, 0n4 #eukara #rang di Kua(a A")+* n)an
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n)ang $ri nari" #euneu"0i* da(a7 seud)ara* d0n)a ? a deKisiGe $a""(e o/ *is"orE. Su
7euria7 A")+* $ak >a"+% n)an go$ deungo $an si(ingka d0n)a Tu*an n)o%. A*(i?a*(i
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ureu%ng Asia Ti7u a"eu%* ureu%ng (era#a n)ang #*0n?#*0n "*a" da(a7 7ideu%n
#rang da(a7 seud)ara* dunia 7oderen.
!akri $an keu7eunangan A")+* a"eu%* -eu(anda n)an 7eunar6k *a"6 $an
sa$o* d0n)a d)eu%" "a ka(on ni$ak u(+% keunarang Bedi"oria(sC sura"?sura" *a$a
n)ang #eun"6ng $an sa$o* d0n)a. Miseu%d)i*4 sura"?*a$a Inggr6*4 T*e 8ondon
Ti7es4 uro%33 $u(eu%n A#ri(4 18,&4 dan sura"?*a$a A7erika4 T*e Ne> Mork Ti7es
uro% Sa$"u4 uro% & $u(eu%n Mei4 18,&4 d)i"u(6* da(a7 u(+%?keunarang d)i* (ag+%
n)o% BKa(on ga7$a $ak ;n 16@ $andua sura"?*a$a n)o% 7an"ong d)i"eu$i%" geuna#
uro% "rokAan uro% n)o%C.

!RAN: DI SUMATRA
!rang An"ara -eu(anda Deungon A")+*
Ha$a Mideu%n !rang
Ni$ak T*e 8ondon Ti7es 33 A#ri(4 18,&
FSa$o* keud)adian n)ang 7eunar6k "*a" *a"6 da(a7 seud)ara*
#eund)ad)a*an 7oderen ka"r0* "a deungo ni$ak #u(o Hindia Ti7u.
Sa$o* "eun"ra ureu%ng (eru#a n)ang ra)a "*a" ka "a(0 #rang dan
d)ino% ka keunong $eureukai* (6 "eun"ra nanggro% A")+*.
FSa$o* $agian n)ang ra)ek ni$ak #u(o Su7a"ra na da(a7 d)aro%
-eu(anda4 "eu"a#i ro" $aro* dan ro" "i7u #u(o n)an 7an"ong "inggai
dua $o* nanggro% 7eurd6*ka. N)ang ro" $aro* n)ankeu* nanggro%
A")+* ?? S"a"e o/ AK*in. -ak 36 uro% $u(eu%n n)ang ka u (ik0"4
-eu(anda deungon ras7i ka d)i#eun)a"a #rang a"eu%* $angsa A")+*@
dan $ak 13 uro% $u(eu%n A#ri( -eu(anda d)i#euga* ka 7eu"eu7eung
#adu7?#adu7 $o* keu7eunangan. D)i#euga* I6 -eu(anda d)i* ka
6k d)i")ok 3 $o* ku"a A")+* dan "eungo* d)i? #eugo" siasa" d)ak4 ")ok
is"ana Su("an A")+*. Teu"a#i $a* "*a" #i* $ak >a"+% n)an kon4
-eu(anda ka 7u(ai d)irasa $u%" n)an na (eu$+* #a)a* ni$ak d)isangka
$ak #*0n4 dan ka na *a$a "eun"ra -eu(anda ka #a)a* (ak+% $an"u u
D)akar"a. 8i7ong uro% >a"+% I*eu%* n)an4 -eu(anda ka d)i7eungaku
d)i* ka keunong *an"a7 dan keu7eung "a(0.
F>a"+% I*eu%* d)i")u$a ")ok #adu7?#adu7 $o* ku"a A")+*4 -eu(anda
d)i")u$a "a7ong u Ku"arad)a "eu"a#i
11
16
"eu"a#i ka d)i#o* "a(0 I6 "eun"ra A")+*. Da(a7 #eur"eu7#0ran n)an
#i*ak4 -eu(anda Akara# #u"0i* asa.A 8e "*a" sidadu -eu(anda rusak
dan d)eundra( n)ang d)euP" keu #ang(i7a #rang -eu(anda #i* ka
7a"6. Nan ku"a A")+* n)an na go$ #euga* Akeura"onA4 7eunur0" *a$a
-eu(anda. Menuro" *a$a -eu(anda ")i"4 ku"a n)an geu#eu"*eun (6
"eun"ra A")+* deungon 7euria7 ar"i(eri n)ang ra)a?ra)a "*a"4 dan $ak
$in+* n)an na (o7 ku"a u$i"?u$i". Teun"ra A")+* d)i7eudong keu$i"?
keu$i" "*a" $ak #eu"*eun ku"a n)an. -eu(anda #a)a* d)i*ada# kon
7eu ku"a?ku"a 7an"ong. Di(ua ku"a4 -eu(anda d)i#rang (6 "eun"ra
A")+* ni$ak siga(a #i*ak dan deungon #as0kan n)ang 7a")a7?
7a")a7. -eu(anda ka #a)a* d)i(ak+% $eunan"u "eun"ra deungon ka#ai
#rang u D)a>a. D)ino% "eun"ra -eu(anda n)ang 7an"ong "inggai di
A")+* ka #a)a* sur0" $andu7. Da(a7 ra#a" #rang -eu(anda di Kua(a
A")+*4 #ang(i7a?#ang(i7a -eu(anda $andu7 si#aka" $a*>a
keureuna Ie "*a" "eun"ra -eu(anda n)ang ka 7a"64 "eu7#a" du%k
-eu(anda *an 6k #eu"*eun I64 (eu$+* go"
#i)0* #rang 7eusi"eungo* "*0n.
FTeu"a#i a(asan n)ang d)i $ri (6 -eu(anda keu keu#u"0san n)o% na
keu* keureuna "euka 7us67 ud)eu%n. D)i#euga*4 ang+n ra)a n)ang
"euka $ak 7us67 ud)eu%n n)an #eura)ek u7$ak $ak $in+* (a0"
*ingga *u$0ngan ka#ai #rang deungon dara" d)eu%" keu #a)a*
(age%na4 dan *and)eu%" d)i$ri $u keu sidadu d)i* di dara". !eu% n)ang
d)eu%" d)i#eu$u%" (6 -eu(anda d)ino% n)an keu* "0# $in+* (a0" A")+*
7an"ong.
FD)adi ureu%ng A")+* d)ino% sia" ka geu"eu7eung keu7eunangan
n)ang keuneu(eu%*4 keu7eunangan n)ang $ri nari" #euneu"0*.
Mus0* kon "a(0 7an"ong4 "eu"a#i ka #a)a* #(u%ng u (u>a.
F-ak #eun)u7 geu"an)o%4 keud)adian n)o% $andu7 na (eu#a* "*a"
*ireu%n4 keureuna #akri $an -eu(anda 6k sa(a* keunira d)i* "eun"ang
keukua"an $angsa A")+*. Nanggro% A")+*??S"a"e o/ AK*in??*ana "*a"
Ie so% "uri di (eru#a. Sa$o* $uku Ae(eu7+% n)ang #a(6ng $ar0
#euga* (ag+% n)o%. AA")+* $ak 7asa d)a7eunkon na sa$o*
keurad)aan n)ang ra)ek "*a" kuasa4 "eu"a#i d)ino% kara# gado*. A -ak
>a"+% ureu%ng !or"ug6* #*0n "*a" "r0k u Su7a"ra4 $ak "*0n 11D94
d)ika(on $andu7 nanggro% $an seu(ingka A")+* n)an geu#eurin"a* I6
sidro% rad)a n)ang 7eukuasa "*a" n)ang "*a7 ureu%ng !or"ug6*
ni$ak #eudong ku"a "o%?"o% disinan. Ureu%ng -eu(anda na (eu$+*
7eu un"0ng 1DD "*0n "reuk >a"+% I*eu%* n)an sa$a$ -eu(anda $ak
>a"+% n)an geu"67 "euri7ong (6 Rad)a A")+*. A7$assador A")+*
geud)ak keud6* u nanggro% -eu(anda 7eusigo deungon eun"0san
-eu(anda u nanggro% A")+*.
F!aneuk d)i* Keurad)aan A")+* sa$6 na k*a "*a"
1,
7u(ai #*0n kon geu"an)o% ureu%ng (eru#a "r0k keunan u Su7a"ra.
Dan -eu(anda4 $ak *a"6 geu"an)o%4 "eun"+% *and)eu%" *an
d)i"eu#eu% #eukara asai?usui keurad)aan dan asai?usui keukua"an
$angsa A")+* dan nanggro% A")+*. A")+* Ie "*a" #eurdagangan4 dan
7eunur0" geu"an)o% "eu#eu% ureu%ng A")+* ka d)eu%" geu#eugo"
7euria7?7euria7 n)ang ra)a dan "euga?"euga "*a".
FUreu%ng nanggro% Su7a"ra Ie $i%k Meu(a)u@ "eu"a#i n)ang du%k ro"
-ar0* #u(o Su7a"ra $ak Nanggro% A")+*4 go$ #euga*4 na sa$o*
$angsa n)ang (eu$+* ")arong ni$ak $angsa?$angsa (a6n. A>ak n)an
(eu$+* #an)ang4 (eu$+* go" $adan4 dan na *i"a7 $a")u" ni$ak
$angsa?$angsa (a6n disinan. Menur0" *a$a4 a>akn)an na
7eud)a7#u dara* India. Ureu%ng n)an 7euaga7a Is(a74 "eu"a#i
#eu% 7aN*a$ *ana "a "eu#eu%.
F:eu"an)o% kon $a")u" *ireu%n4 #akri $an ureu%ng n)ang 7eun)o
"a$and6ng deungon ureu%ng (eru#a d)eu%" "a k*eun (eu$+*?
kureu%ng kureu%ng 7ad)u4 6k #eu"a(0 sa$o* keurad)aan (eru#a
da(a7 7ideu%n #rang. Ureu%ng -eu(anda ka d)i#eu(u>ai* >i(a)a*
d)i* di #u(o Su7a"ra deungon d)a(an ")ok 7anu/aAa" ni$ak #ake6 sar6
keudro%?dro% an"ara4 keu#a(a?keu#a(a ureu%ng Su7a"ra. Teu"a#i
ureu%ng A")+* "eun"+% ka d)i#eukeu7ai* dro% d)i* $ak 7u#rang
deungon (is6k "*a" *ingga -eu(anda *ana d)i"eu#eu%sa#eu%.
FKa "eu*"+%4 ak*6 #rang n)o% ")i" sa$o* sagai. Ureu%ng A")+* d)eu%"
7eusenang?seunang deungon keu7eunangan go$n)an "r0kAan
si"eungo* "*0n "reuk4 $a* "*a" #i* A"u0#?(arangA B$(okkadeC -eu(anda
a"eu%* #an"6 A")+* akan #eurusak #eurdagangan A")+*. Ureu%ng
A")+* 7ungk6n 7an"ong d)eu%" geu")ok $a(ai* a"eu%* "eu7#a"?
"eu7#a" n)ang disinan na d)idu%k -eu(anda di Su7a"ra. Teu"a#i
>a"+% $a)a ang+n 7us67 *ud)eu%n ka *a$6*4 !eu7eurin"a*
-eu(anda "eun"+% akan d)i#eusa#a" sa$o* "eun"ra n)ang ")uk0# ra)a
n)ang 6k #eu#a"a* #eur(a>anan A")+*.
F Hana 7ungk6n "aka(on deungon *ana "a rasa seud6* #eurd)uangan
keuneu(eu%* ureu%ng nanggro% n)o% (a>an keukuasaan (eru#a. N)o%
na sa$o* ")a(i"ra n)ang sa$an ")i"4 $a* "*a" #i* keukua"an n)ang
7eu(a>an n)an *ana sa$64 $0* ureu%ng nanggro%?nanggro% Me(a)u
n)ang si"eungo* 7eu ada$4 a"a>a ureu%ng Indian ModuK n)ang
7an"ong k(eu%". Ureu%ng n)an 6k geu")ok $a(ai* $ak sa$o*?sa$o*
>a"+%4 "eu"a#i keuneu(eu%* ureu%ng n)an "a(0. :eu"an)o% go*Io7
"a"eu#eu% #eu% #eukara da>a an"ara -eu(anda deungon ureu%ng
nanggro%?nanggro% Meu(a)u@ "eu"a#i d)eu%" "a #*a7


18
(ad)u ureu%ng?ureu%ng Meu(a)u d)ika(on keukuasaan -eu(anda
deungon *ana #eu")a)a4 dan #eukara?#eukara n)ang d)eu%" #eudong
da>a $agai* "euka geuna# uro%. -eu(anda 7euga* d)ro* deungon
ureu%ng "ano* d)ad)a*an d)i*.
JTeu"a#i A")+* kon na sa$o* "ano* d)ad)a*an -eu(anda. Hu$0ngan
an"ara $angsa A")+* deungon $angsa -eu(anda "eun"+% ")i"
d)i#eungar0* (6 #eurasaan u7u7 di #u(o Su7a"ra "eu*ada#
-eu(anda n)ang #e(i"6k d)i* kon #eukureu%ng #eur(a>anan aneuk
nanggro% keu d)i*. Tano* d)ad)a*an -eu(anda kon (ag+% "ano*
d)ad)a*an Inggr6*. !eu7eurin"a* "ano* d)ad)a*an Inggr+* na #ik6
keu aneuk nanggro%. D)ad)a*an -eu(anda d)i#eudong ")i" $ak 7i"a
(a$a keu nanggro% -eu(anda 7an"ong.

Sura"*a$a A7erika T*e Ne> Mork Ti7es4 uro% Seu(asa4 6 Mei4 18,& [ka(on
ga7$a $ak 0n 3DC d)i"u(6* (orn da(a7 u(+%keunarang d)i* (ag+% n)o%.

-EU8ANDA TA8L DI SUMATRA
FNi$ak keud)adian?keud)adian n)ang ad)a6$ "*a" $ak 7asa n)o%4
n)ang kon $a")u" 7eunar6k *a"6 d0n)a4 n)ankeu* #eukara "eun"ra
$ansa?$ansa n)ang ka 7ad)u d)i#eu"a(0 I6 (a>an n)ang *ana 7ad)u
a"a>a si"eungo* 7ad)u. D)a7eun4 $ak 7asa Hor"eN dan !iNarro
Bdua #ang(i7a #rang S#an)o(C #eu"a(0 ureu%ng MeOiKo dan !eru
deungon 7uda*4 ka "i7o* sa$o* #ik6ran n)ang keuneu(eu%* d)eu%"
keu #ik6ran u7u7 da(a7 d0n)a Keuris"en4 $a*>a $angsa Indian dan
$angsa?$angsa aneuk nanggro% (a6n *ana n)ang 6k Ia>an
keukua"an dan a(a"?sind)a"a "eun"ra (%ru#a. Teu"a#i da(a7 #adu7?
#adu7 $o* keu"ur0nan >a"+% I*eu%* n)an ka (a6n *a$a "eu7a. :o$
#euga*4 "eunaga #rang aneuk nanggro% A7+rika Tunong n)ang
(eu7o* (eu7$0" n)an *ana sa$an deungon aneuk nanggro% A7+rika
-ar0*4 ureu%ng Indian 7ira* ku(6"4 n)ang ka 7u#(0* "*0n 6k
d)i#eu"*eun "ano* d)i* ni$ak d)aro% #ang(i7a #rang ureu%ng Inggr6*
n)ang d)ak du%k u A7erika -ar0*. !ang(i7a?#ang(i7a Indian4 (ag+%
!*i(i# Moun" Ho#e4 $ar0 d)i7a"6 >a"+% I*eu%* d)i#o* 7us0* d)i* Ie
"*a". Meunan")i" $ak 7asa geu"an)o% d)ino%4 aneuk nanggro% Ne>
Iee(and 7an"ong 6k d)i#eu"*eun dro%d)i* ni$ak "eun"ra #i(6*an
Inggr6* dan ka #adu7 go d)i#eu*ireu%n d0n)a deungon d)i#eu"a(0
"eun"ra Inggr6* da(a7 7ideu%n #rang. N)o% $andu7 kon (ag+%
"eusangka4 dan kon (ag+% n)ang "a deungo. !eunga(a7an geu"an)o%
A7erika deungon $angsa Indian4 (eu$+*?(eu$+* d)ino% da(a7 #rang
deungon ureu%ng
19
3D
Indian ModoKs4 na sa$o* ")eun"o "reuk n)ang d)eu%" keu
#eungad)aran su#a)a geu"an)o% $+k "a *ara# keu7eunangan n)ang
7uda* da(a7 #rang n)ang (ag+% n)o%4 7eunan")i" da(a7 #rang
ureu%ng Rusia daungon ureu%ng K*iGa d)inoe.
F Ha$a n)ang keuneu(eu%* n)ang geu"n)o% "euri7ong ni$ak Hindia
-eu(anda #eu"a7a* (o7 sa$o* ")eun"o "reuk n)ang #eun)a"a $a*>a
a(a"?sind)a"a n)ang #a(ing $ar0 dan Ae(eu7+% #rang n)ang #a(ing
7od+r+n4 n)an 7an"ong *an 6k #eu7eunang geu"an)o% da(a7
7idueu%n #rang a"eu%* (a>an n)ang *ana a(a"?sind)a"a dan Ae(eu7+%
n)an.
FSa$o* #rang n)ang 7euku$ang dara* "eungo* "eud)adi di nanggro%
A")+*4 sa$o* keurad)aan ureu%ng nanggro% n)ang 7a" ro" -ar0* #u(o
Su7a"ra. Meunur0" *a$a #i*ak -eu(anda4 keurad)aan -eu(anda
deungon keurad)aan A")+* na #eugo" sa$o* #eurd)and)ian4 "eu"a#i
A")+* sa$6 7eu(angga #eurd)and)ian n)an. D)i#euga* I6 -eu(anda4
ureu%ng A")+* n)an r0* da(a7 $u%" $(o%?#u$(o% (a7i%"4 ro* da(a7
$u%" 7eura7#ok di (a0"@ 7eunan")i"4 k*eun -eu(anda4 a>ak A")+*
n)an ka Ie "*a" #eusa#a" sin)a"a n)ang d)eu%" keu $a)a keu #u(o
D)a>a dan nanggro%?nanggro% (a6n@ (o7 #i*4 k*eun -eu(anda4 A")+*
sa$6 kir67 "eun"ra d)ak 7eura7#ok di nanggro% n)ang "o%?"o%.
Lsa*a 7us)a>ara" ka *ana 7eu*as6 (64 sa$an ")i" (ag+% 0sa*a
Rusia deungon K*an nanggro% K*iGa. Sa$a$ n)an -eu(anda ka
d)ikir67 sa$o* angka"an #rang d)ak *uk07 $angsa A")+*.
FTeun"ra n)an4 #*0n "*a" "eudong ni$ak 1DDD sidadu $angsa
-eu(anda4 na n)ang sidadu d)ak ngon gaki4 na n)ang d)ak ngon guda4
dan na $ar6san 7euria7. !*0n?#*0n "*a" -eu(anda sang?sang
keu7eung 7eunang. Ureu%ng A")+* sang?sang d)isur0" a"a>a
keu7eung "a(0. Keuneu(eu%* "eun"ra -eu(anda d)id)ak "r0k $ak
sa$o* "eu7#a" nan d)i* ANa"ronA4 sa$o* "eu7#a" n)ang geu#eugo"
keu ku"a (6 "eun"ra A")+*4 deungon 7eukeusud #eu"*eun "r0kAan
7a"6. Teun"ra -eu(anda4 >a"+% I*eu%* d)i#i)0* sia" dikeu% ku"a n)an.
d)i#eu6k #rang ra)a $an sa$o* /ron". D)ino% geu"an)o% ka "a "eu#eu%
#eu% keuneu(eu%* $u%" -eu(anda n)an.
FSeurangan -eu(anda n)an ka d)i#eu"a(0 (6 "eun"ra A")+*. 8e "*a"
"eun"ra -eu(anda kenong si% deungon #eudeu%ng "eun"ra A")+*.
Tr0kAan d)eundra( #ang(i7a #rang -eu(anda #i* ka geu#o* 7a"6 (6
"eun"ra A")+*4 dan $andu7 "eun"ra -eu(anda n)ang 7an"ong "inggai
dan n)ang *ana 7a"6 ka #a)a* #(u%ng #u(a?#ingkui u (a0". Meunur0"
geu"an)o% #eun)a"a4 "eun"ra -eu(anda keu$i"?keu$i" "*a" *an")0
31
$andu74 sa$a$ 7eu -eu(anda keu dro%d)i* #i* d)i7eu ngaku 1DD
dro% 7a"6 deungon (uka. Meunur0" *a$a keuneu(eu%*4 "eun"ra
-eu(anda ka geu(6" (6 "eun"ra A")+* u $in+* (a0" dan "eungo* na
da(a7 s0sa* "*a". #eu% (o7 7us67 *ud)eu%n ka "o% "*a"4 dan
"eun"ra A")+* n)ang ka 7eunang n)an uro% 7a(a7 d)i*an"a7 "eun"ra
-eu(anda n)ang ka "a(0 n)an.
F-a*>a #eukara "a(0 #rang deungon A")+* n)o% $eugi -eu(anda
d)iangga# #eukara n)ang #ara* "*a" d)eu%" "a#*a7 ni$ak de$a"
da(a7 !ar(67+n -eu(anda di den Haag. Sidro% ang+%"a !ar(67+n
-eu(anda ka d)ik*eun $a*>a #eukara "a(0 #rang deungon A")+* n)o%
na keu* sa$o* #o* keuneu(eu%* a"a>a sa$o* #o* 7a"6 keu
keukuasaan -eu(anda di nanggro% Ti7u. Teu"a#i n)o% sang d)eu%" "a
k*eun na keu* nari" #i*ak gu(0ngan n)ang (a>an #eu7eurin"a*
-eu(anda di nanggro% d)i*. Na "anda?"anda ru#ad)i* -eu(anda
keu7eung 7eukeu7ai* keu(ai sigo "reuk deungon siga(a da)a u#a)a
$ak #eu6k keu(ai nan d)i* n)ang ka r*e" n)an $ak 7a"a d0n)a4 $a*
"*a" #i* $u%" n)o% *and)eu%" d)i#eugo" d)ino% (ad)u sa$a$ ka "euka4
7us67 *ud)eu%n ra)a.
FTeu"a#i na "anda?"anda u7u7 n)ang #eu"un)ok $a*>a -eu(anda4
(ag+% 7us0*?7us0* #usaka d)i* ")i"4 S#an)o( dan !or"ug6*4 $a")u"?
$a")u" keu7eung gado* "eunaga dan #eungar0* di "ano* d)ad)a*an
n)ang d)eu0*?d)eu0*@ dan Ie "*a" "anda?"anda ")i" $a*>a n)o% #i*
keuneu(euP* keu7eung d)eu%" keu nasi$ (nggr6* ")i". -ak #*0n a$ad
keu 1,4 -eu(anda na sa$o* keukuasaan (a0" n)ang #a(ing "euga
da(a7 d0n)a. -ak >a"+% n)an -eu(anda na ,D4DDD "eun"ra (a0"4 dan
d)i* 6k d)i#eu*an")0 7euneuka" S#an)o( di (a0". Deungon d)a(an n)o%
dan deungon d)a(an d)i")ok a"a>a d)ira7#ai* d)ad)a*an S#an)o( di
$(a*d6* (a0"4 -eu(anda d)i#eudong d)ad)a*an dro%d)i* di Hindia
Ti7u. Si"eungo* a$ad >a"+% I*eu%* n)an4 Gan Tro7#* #eu"a(0
#ang(i7a #rang Inggr6* -(ake da(a7 #rang !asi :ood>in4 n)ang
d)eu%" keu 7euga* sa$a$ Ie "*a" rugo% keu Inggr6*. 'a"+% I*eu%*
#rang4 #ang(i7a #rang -eu(anda n)ang $eu*e "*a" n)an d)i7eu(a)eu%
a"eu%* Kana( Inggr6* deungon #eun)a7#0* d)i$0* $ak "iang ka#ai
d)i* si$ago% sa$o* si7$0(. 'a"+% I*eu%* n)an4 #ang(i7a -eu(anda
de RuE"er #eu"a(0 (o7 #ang(i7a Inggr6* A($e7ar(e4 "eu7a
d)i7eu(a)eu% a"eu%* Kru%ng T*a7es4 sira d)i"e" ka#ai?ka#ai Inggr6*
di S*eerness dan H*a"*a7 dan d)i"0#?(arang #an"6 ku"a 8ondon.
Teu"a#i n)o% keu* #u")ak k*a angka"an (a0" -eu(anda. >a"+% (*eu%*
n)an 7aka 7u(ai 7asa sur0" keukua"an -eu(anda di (a0" $a* "*a" #i*
7eu(+#?(e#4 (ag+% $iasa r*o" keukuasaan nanggro% n)ang d)ak
d)ad)a* go$. Teu"a#i $a* "*a" #i* 7eunan4 d)aro% -eu(anda a"eu%*
"ano* d)ad)a*and)i* di Ti7u 7an"ong kong "*a". D)i* *an
d)i#eu(*eu%* d)ad)a*an n)an deungon *ana 0sa*a ra)ek $ak
#eu"*eun deungon #a"0" (ag+% n)ang ka

33
u (ik0" da(a7 seud)ara* d)i*4 dan si#adan deungon "a$iAa" ureu%ng
nanggro% d)i* n)ang $eu*e dan ")arong.
Sura"*a$a T*e Ne> Mork Ti7es4 uro% Ha7+*4 11 Mei4 18,&4 da(a7
u(+%keunarang n)ang keu I*+% "eun"ang A")+* Bka(on ga7$a $ak 0n 39C d)i"u(6* (o74
(ag+% n)o%.
ATJH
F-a* "*a" #i* #rang n)an na keu* sa$o* $u%" n)ang *ana d)ro*4 "eu"a#i
#rang n)an na (ag+% sa$o* gur+% Ae(eu7+% $u7o% n)ang go" "*a".
:eu"an)o% A7+rika "a "eu#eu% #eukara nanggro%?nanggro% n)ang
*an"o7 "a deungo4 ni$ak geurakan?geurakan "eun"ra4 (ag+% n)ang
d)ak u nangro% Ha$s)i4 a"a>a geurakan "eun"ra Rusia n)ang d)ak u
nanggro% K*iGa@ Ae(eu7+% #eukara nanggro% (a6n n)o% (eu$6* Ie "a
"eu#eu% keureuna #rang ni$ak keureuna "u(6san?"u(6san ureu%ng
d)ak4 7euran"o4 (ag+% Mungo !arks4 -akers4 a"a>a 5arn$6rEs. Ka
"eun"+%4 rneukeusud #rang n)an kon 7anga" d)eu%" keu gur+%
Ae(eu7+% $u7o%4 "eu"a#i geu"an)o% 7eu*u"ang $ak #rang keu #eu%
n)ang "a "eu#eu% "eun"ang nanggro%?nanggro% d)eu0* dan ureu%ng
(ua. Miseu% d)i*4 kon 7eukeusud S*akes#eare B#eungarang Inggr6*
n)ang ra)a "*a"C deungon "u(6san?"u(6san go$n)an keu7eung
#eud)eu%" dro% geu* keu gur+% seud)ara*4 a"a>a gur+% Ae(eu7+%
g*a6$4 a"a>a Ae(eu7+% a(a74 "eu"a#i $ak u$6 $u%" $andu7
geu"an)o% n)ang 7ari" deungon $asa Inggr6*4 "a "eu#eu% du7#eu%
da(a7 $ideu%ng Ae(eu7+% n)an ni$ak ")a(i"ra?")a(i"ra S*akes#eare
n)an. -and6ngan deungon *ai #rang ka "rang "*a"4 sa$a$ $ak
$andua $ideu%ng n)an4 Ae(eu7+% "euka deungon *ana "a 7i"a@ n)ang
u$6 $u%" #eu% n)ang "a "eu#eu% n)an4 "euka ni$ak keud)adian?
keud)adian n)ang *ana "a sangka?sangka4 keud)adian?keud)adian
n)ang 7eukeusud dan "ud)uan d)i* 7eu(a6n "*a".
FMiseu%d)i*4 ka7o% #ik64 *ana I6 ureu%ng n)ang (a>6" n)o% ka
geudeungo nan A")+*4 geu"eu#eu% deungon "rang "eun"ang $ansa
A")+*4 ada" A")+*4 a"a>a *ai i*>ai nanggro% A")+*. Teu"a#i -eu(anda4
#eu% "a #eugo" "eu7a4 ka r0* d)i7u#rang deungon ureu%ng
nanggro% n)an4 dan sa$a$ n)an d)eu%" "a k*eun4 d)ino% ka 7u(ai
#eundid6kan A")+* keu d0n)a Keuris"en keu"ur0nan 7asa n)o%.
FDa(a7 >a"+% n)ang #aneuk geu"an)o% $andu7 akan "a "eu#eu%
$a*>a $ansa A")+* n)an kon na sa$o* $ansa n)ang $iada$4 $a* "*a"
deungon uk0ran #eu% 7an"ong4 "eu"a#i na keu* ureu%ng Is(a7
n)ang $eu"oi dan sa$o* $angsa n)ang $eu*o "*a" 7u#rang.
:eu"an)o% $andu7 akan "a "eu#eu% $a*>a $ansa A")+*4 sa$an
3&
39
")i" (ag+% $ansa -eu(anda (a>an?geu* d)ino%4 $ak sa$o* >a"+% #i*
na d)ad)a*an ")i" di da+ra* n)ang d)eu0*?d)eu0*4 dan $a*kan $ak
sa$o* >a"+% A")+* ")uk0# "euga *ingga 6k geud)ak kur0ng ureu%ng
!or"ug6* n)ang k*a "*a" n)an di ku"a Ma(aka. Meunan")i" sigra akan
d)eu%" keu Ae(eu7+% u7u7 $a*>a Rad)a A")+* $ak sa$o* >a"+%
akra$ "*a" deungon Rad)a Inggr6*4 Ja7es I4 dan Rad)a Inggr6*
n)ang 7eu#eu(and0k "*a" n)an na geukir67 keu s)+%dara A")+*
go$n)an4 dua $o* 7euria7 ra)a4 n)ang d)inoe $an"u #eu"*eun is"ana
Rad)a A")+* di Su7a"ra.
FTeun"+%4 rakan?rakan A")+* di nanggro% (u>a n)ang 7ad)u *an
geungi%ng si$ago% sa$o* "anda kureu%ng 7euada$ 7eun)o na go$
#euga*4 di is"ana A")+* na sa$6 ureu%ng inong du%k da(a7
Meud)eu(i* Nanggro%4 "o% deungon kursi Rad)a4 dan geu"euri7ong
ni$ak Rad)a du7#eu% #ik6ran dro%neu*n)an. "eu7a u(6* #eunasi*a"
inong n)an geu$ri nasi*a" keu Rad)a.
N)o%4 dan *a$a?*a$a #eun)a"a (a6n n)ang 7eunar6k *a"6 #eukara
*ai A")+* "eun"+% akan "a "eu#eu% $andu7 deungon na #eur*a"ian
u7u7 keu #rang n)ang d)i#eu6k I6 -eu(anda a"eu%* Nanggro%
A")+*.

F!eukara *ai -eu(anda "a(0 di A")+* $ak >a"+% n)ang ak*6?ak*6 n)o%
d)eu%" keu *a$a n)ang #*+" "*a" da(a7 sura"?sura" *a$a A7s"erda7.
Meunan")i" de$a" da(a7 !ar(e7en -eu(anda di den Haag #eukara *ai
"a(0 #rang deungon A")+* n)o% d)i#eu"un)ok keu ni%" -eu(anda $ak
d)id)ak 7u#rang keu(ai deungon keu$i"?keu$i" "*a". Nanggro%
-eu(anda 7an"ong "euga dan ka)a "*a" dan $angsa -eu(anda deu*
d)i"67 $ri keureu$eu%n n)ang ra)ek "*a" ni$ak "euri7ong 7euna(+% di
nanggro%?nanggro% Ti7u4 dan ni$ak gado* #eungar0*. Sa$a$ n)an4
7aka #u(o Su7a"ra ro" -ar0* n)an 7ungk6n "*a" keu7eung d)eu%"
keu sa$o* 7ideu%n #rang ra)a4 dan Ae(eu7+% #eukara *ai nanggro%
A")+* dan $ansa $eu*o n)ang du%k disinan "eun"+% akan (eu$+*
$agai* "a "eu#eu% dan (eu$+* (u>ai* 7eusi#reu%k $an sa$o* d0n)a.
FE(eu7+% n)ang akan "a "eu7+% ni$ak nanggro% n)ang "r0kAan uro%
n)o% *ana "a "uri n)an4 *ana si#adan


31
deungon keuseud6*an n)ang d)i$a (6 #rang4 "eu"a#i 7eun)o #rang
n)an *an 6k "a #eud)eu0*4 7aka u$6 na Ae(eu7+% n)ang d)i$a (6
#rang n)an #in na sa$o* (a$a.
Sura"*a$a T*e Ne> Mork Ti7es4 uro% D)u7Aa"4 &D Mei4 18,& Bka(on
ga7$a $ak 0n 3,4 d)i"u(6* (o7 "eun"ang A")+* da(a7 u(+%keunarang
(ag+% n)o%.
!RAN: DI SUMATRA
FU(6* -eu(anda ka d)i#eugo" sa$o* 7aKa7 asa# n)ang "0#
keu$eunaran "eun"ang sa$a$?sa$a$ #rang deungon A")+*4 dan
"eun"ang #akri $an #rang n)an "eungo* (ad)u. Sura"?sura" *a$a
Inggr6* di India ka d)i"ud0* $u%" "0#?"0# keu$eunaran n)an a"eu%*
!eu7eurin"a* -eu(anda n)ang ")i" ka $iasa "*a". 7eusu(6" (ag+% n)an.
:eu"an)o% ka "a "eu#eu% ro" "a(o%gra7 $an?$an n)o% #eukara "eun"ra
-eu(anda kageu#eu"a(0 (6 "eun"ra A")+*. Teu"a#i geu"an)o% go* (o7
"a "eu#eu% ni$ak "a(o%?gra7 n)an #eu% n)ang si$eu"0id)i* "ud)uan
-eu(anda n)ang #eu #*0n #eu 6k #rang a"eu%* A")+* n)an. Sa$a$
n)an geu"an)o% #i* *ana $a*an $ak "a "i7ang #adu7 na ra)ek aki$a"
-eu(anda "a(0 n)an4 a"a>a #eu% #eungar0* keud)adian n)o% $ak
7asa ukeu%.
AATeu"a#i d)ino% geu"an)o% ka "a "euri7ong sura" ro" d)a(an Singa#ura
n)ang #euga* *ai n)an $andu74 *ingga geu"an)o% ka na da(a7
neudu%k n)ang (eu$+* d)ro* $ak "a #eugo" keunira u$6 na ra)ek #eu%
n)ang d)ikeu7eung #eu(aku (6 -eu(anda4 #adu7 na keu7ungk6nan
$u%" d)i* n)an 7eu*as6 $ak 7asa ukeu% n)o%4 dan #eu% na aki$a"
#rang n)an a"eu%* keu#eun"6ngan $ansa?$ansa (a6n n)ang *ana r0*
da(a7 #rang n)an4
FNa *a$a4 go$ #euga*4 )0* go*(o7 7u(ai #rang n)an4 sidro% >aki
keurad)aan -eu(anda n)ang ra)ek #angka" ka d)id)ak $ak Rad)a A")+*4
d)id)ak (ak+% deungon d)a(an da7+ #eu% n)ang d)ino% ka d)i")u$a ")ok
deungon #eudeu%ng dan aneuk $eud6. 'aki -eu(anda n)an4
Nieu>*agen4 nakeu* Residen" D)akar"a dan ureu%ng (u770i du>a
di7i)u$ U(+% !eu7eurin"a* Hindia -eu(anda. !eu% n)ang d)i(ak+%
$ak Rad)a A")+* n)ankeu* su#a)a A")+* 7eud+%(a" keu -eu(anda dan
"euri7ong d+%(a" -eu(anda a"eu%* Nanggro% A")+*4 (ag+% n)ang ka
d)i#eu(aku I6 -eu(anda a"eu%* $agian "ano* Su7a"ra n)ang (a6n4
dan a"eu%* $ansa?$ansa Su7a"ra n)ang (a6n. !eu7eurin"a*
-eu(anda di Den Haag d)i#ik6 (eu#a* "*a" #eureu(+% keu nan dan
#eungar0* a"a>a A#res"igeA d)i* di #u(o Su7a"ra su#a)a $andu7
ureu%ng #u(o n)an 7eungaku d)i* si$ago% Tuan n)ang !o disinan.
FD)i#euga* I6 >aki #eu7eurin"a* -eu(anda n)an4 d)i* *ana
7eukeusud d)a7#u d)aro% da(a7 ur0san da(a7
36

3,
Nanggro% A")+*. K*eun d)i*4 -eu(anda *ana 7eukeusud (ak+% >as6
"i%#?"i%# "*0n4 a"a>a (ak+% #+ng da(a7 #eukara 7euneuka". Teu"a#i
-eu(anda d)i7eukreu%* $ak #eudong ku"a d)i* $ak #adu7?#adu7
$o* "eu7#a" di $in+* (a0"4 "eun"+% "o%?"o% deungon "eu7#a" n)ang
ak*6?ak*6 n)o% *ana "*a" naeukeunong deungon -eu(anda. Ku"a?
ku"a n)o% #eureu(+%4 k*eun -eu(anda4 7anga" d)eu%" #eu"ak0" u(+%?
u(+% rak)a" n)ang *ana ga(ak keu d)i*.
F-ak >a"+% Nieu>*agen #*0n $uka nari"4 d)i#euga* #eukara
#eurdagangan *ana d)eu%" keu *a(angan sa#eu%. Ka#ai?ka#ai A")+*
n)ang $a (ada dan *as6 nanggro% n)ang (a6n ni$ak n)an u nanggro%
(u>a d)eu%" d)ak keuno%?keud6* (ag+% $iasa. Deungon sikr+k nari"4
d)eu%" "a k*eun4 7eun)o "adeungo *a$a -eu(anda #eu% n)ang d)i*
#euga* sang?sang d)i* deungon A")+* ")i" rakan "+%(an 7eus)+%dara.
Na "eudeungo *a$a "eu7a di D)akar"a4 du7 #eu% ka d)ro* "*a"
an"ara Rad)a A")+* deungon >aki -eu(anda n)an. Mus)a>ara" n)ang
7a7+* keunoP keud6* n)an "eungo* d)a(an (ad)u. Na ")i" *a$a Rad)a
A")+* kageu"euri7ong $andu7 #eu% n)ang d)i(ak+% I6 -eu(anda4 ka
geu$ri iNin keu d)i* #eudong ku"a4 dan geu"67 $a)eu% $eu(and)a
#eu#*0n #eugo" ku"a keu d)i* n)an. Ka (ag+% n)o% geu"67 (6 #i*ak
A")+*4 "eu"a#i -eu(anda 7an"ong d)i 7eukreu%* ")i" $ak #eu6k u dara"
"eun"ra d)i*4 n)ang k*eun d)i* *ana 7eukeusud (a6n ni$ak
A#eu(eu7a* keukua"an 7an"ong 7anga" #eu)akin ureu%ng A")+*
*ana guna geu7eu(a>an.A
F8ag+% ka geu"an)o% "eu#eu%4 >a"+% "eun"ra -eu(anda n)an d)i6k u
dara" A")+*4 seuna7$0" ureu%ng A")+* kon sagai (ag+% d)i*ara# I6
-eu(anda4 "eu"a#i nakeu* sa$o* 7a")a7 seuna7$o" n)ang 7eu(a6n
"*a". -eu(anda na d)i$a 8 $o* ka#ai #rang4 $andu7 ka#ai #rang
$euso% deungon 7eus6n@ (a6n ni$ak n)an 6 $o* ka#ai angk0"
"eun"ra4 1 $o* ka#ai (a)eu%4 deungon 9DDD "eun"ra $ansa -eu(anda4
1DDD dro% ku(i D)a>a kon"rak. -andu7 n)an di7i)u$ #eurin"a*
d)eundra( 7a)oor Ko*(er.
FAr7ada -eu(anda d)i 7eu"i7$ak?"i7$ak keuno% keud6* deungon
$ar+san 7euria7 A")+*. D)i#euga* I6 -eu(anda d)i* 7eu*as6
d)i#eurusak $in"6* ku"a A")+* "eu"a#i #eu% n)ang rusak uro% n)o%
singo* ka geu#eugo" (ag+% so" "eu7a I6 "eun"ra A")+*. 'a"+% I*eu%*
d)i"i7$ak #an"6 A")+* 7eu*u$0?*u$0 "eun"ra -eu(anda d)i6k u dara"
dan d)i"a7ong da(a7 u"eu%n. !eu% *as6 $u%" -eu(anda n)an ka
geu"an)o% "eu#eu%. Teun"ra -eu(anda "a(0 keunong #o* 7a(+% "*a".
D)eundra( Ko*(er ka 7a"+. Sa$a$ Ie "*a" sidadu 7a"64 ko7and0 d)i*
d)isur0" u $ine* (a0"4 dan 7eunur0" *a$a keuneu? (eu%*4 "eungo*
d)i#eu"*eun dro% deungon s0sa* #a)a*

38
ni$ak geu#o* (6 "eun"ra A")+* n)ang na $an si(ingka d)i*.
FD)ino% ka d)i#euga* (6 -eu(anda $a*>a Rad)a A")+* Ie "*a" "eun"ra
deungon sin)a"a $eud6 7oderen4 "eu"a#i $a* "*a" #i* 7eunan4
-eu(anda keu7eung #eu6k #rang keu(ai A>a"+% I*eu%* 7us67
ud)eu%n.A A(asan n)o% d)i $ri (6 -eu(anda $ak $u(eu%n A#ri(4 "eu"a#i
geu"an)o% "a "eu#eu% 7useu7 ud)eu%n n)an *ana "o7 d)eu%" keu
*a(angan keu ka#ai di Seu(a" Ma(aka $ak $u(eu%n n)an. Si$eu"0id)i*4
")i" $ak $u(eu%n A#ri(4 7eu(a>an deungon *a$a -eu(anda4 #eura*0?
#eura*0 u$i" aneuk nanggro% #euno* deungon (ada dan 7euneuka"
n)ang (a6n4 d)ak >oe u(a?i(i u !u(o !inang d)ak 7aniaga4 (eu$+* ni$ak
>a"+% (a6n $an si#an)ang "*0n. Meunan")i" geu"an)o% "a "eu#eu%4
*a(angan ang+n 7us67 ud)eu%n n)ang d)i#euga* (6 -eu(anda n)an4
$a* "*a" #i* n)o 7eu$a)a keu ka#ai (a)eu% "eu"a#i d)eu%" "a k*eun
*ana 7eu$a)a keu ka#ai?#rang $euso% n)ang ngui 7eus6n. Sa$a$
n)an ka "rang a(asan n)ang d)i$ri I6 -eu(anda $ak #eu 7und0 #rang
7ungk6n "*a" 7eusangk0" deungon *ai?*ai (a6n dan sa$a$?sa$a$
(a6n n)ang d)iso7 (6 -eu(anda4 *ai?*ai n)ang na *u$0ngan d)i*
deungon kara# *a$6* *an")0 keukua"an "eun"ra d)i*. Teun"+% n)o% 6k
d)igan"o% dan 6k d)i#eu$eudo* keu(ai I6 -eu(anda. !ar(e7en
-eu(anda di den Haag ka d)i")ok #u"0san (o7 d)i"a7a* #eng keu a(a"
#rang (a>an A")+*4 dan $ak sa$o* >a"+% -eu(anda "eun"+% akan
d)i")u$a keu(ai #eudong angan?angan d)i* deungon keukua"an n)ang
(eu$+* ra)a.
FTeu"a#i )0* go*(o7 n)an4 $ak >a"+% n)o%4 !eu7eurin"a* dan Rad)a
A")+* ka geu#eu(eu7a* dro% ")arong #eugo" di#(o7asi dan ra)a "*a"
kekua"an 7i(i"6 ? ?As*o>ing di#(o7a"iK as >e(( as 7i(i"arE Ka#aKi"E.A
F8o7 #i* ka geu"eu7eung #eusa*+* "eu7a (6 Rad)a A")+* $a*>a
deungon #eurd)and)ian "*0n 1819 BTrea"E o/ 1819C an"Kara Rad)a
Inggr6* deungon Rad)a A")+* $ak >a"+% n)an4 dan deungon
!eurd)and)ian n)ang (ag+% n)an ")i" n)ang ka geu#eugo" deungon
!eu7eurin"a* Inggr6* di India4 Inggr6* 7eud)and)i "u(0ng?
7eunu(0ng deungon A")+* 7eun)o A")+* d)i#rang (6 $angsa (a6n.
Sa$a$ n)an4 (ag+% k*eun sura"?sura" *a$a 8ondon4 deu7i keu adi(an4
!eu7eurin"a* Inggr6* ka 7eu(angga d)and)i deungon !eu7eurin"a*
A")6*4 sa$a$ Inggr6* #eu idin -eu(anda d)ak #rang A")+* deungon
*ana sangga*. A")+* na *ak $ak (ak+% $an"u $ak Inggr6*. Inggr6*
$ak (a*6 akan #a)a* "*a" $ak d)i"u(ak #eu% n)ang d)i(ak+% I6 A")+*
n)an. Meunan")i"4 #eu% n)ang d)i(ak+% (6 A")+* n)an4 n)ang "euka >a"+%
I*eu%* ka 7eunang #rang4 7ungk6n 7eu"eu7eung seuna7$0"
n)ang (eu$+* d)ro* ni$ak 7eun)o A")+* 7eu(ak+% >a"+% I*eu%* "a(o.
39
F-a* "*a" #i* $arangkakri4 sang?sang -eu(anda "eun"+% *an d)i"67
#i)0* #rang >a"+% ka I*eu%* "a(04 (ag+% A")+* #i* "eun"+% *an
geu"67 #i)o* ")i" >a"+% ka I*eu%* 7eunang. D)adi sa$o* #rang n)ang
*i$a" "*a" d)eu%" "a k*eun keu7eung "eud)adi dan *ana 7ungk6n "a
#eud)eu0*. Rad)a A")+* n)ang 7euga* Ie "*a" #+ng n)an4 ka
geu#eusan a(a" sin)a"a n)ang #a(ing $ar0 u (%ru#a. Meunan")i"4
$angsa A")+* n)ang kon 7an"ong ")arong "eu7i7$ak4 "eu"a#i na
sa$o* $angsa n)ang $eu*0 "*a" 7u#rang. Meunankeu*4 $angsa
-eu(anda n)ang $a"a"?"u(o% dan kreu%* "*a" *a"6 n)an keu7eung
7euru7#$k da(a7 7ideu%n #rang deungon $ansa A")+* si$ago%
(a>an n)ang si#adan.\
Sura"*a$a T*e Ne> Mork Ti7es4 uro% Sa$"u4 1 Ju(i.18,& Bka(on ga7$a $ak
0n &1C d)i"u(6* (o7 da(a7 u(+%?keunarang d)i* (ag+% n)o%@
-EU8ANDA DAN ATJH
FDa(a7 d)eu%$?d)eu%$ #eukara sa$6 na dua $o* #i*ak. N)o% #i* ka
(eu7a* ni$ak keu"eurangan n)ang kageu $ri da(a7 sa$o* sura"?*a$a
di Hons"an"ino#(e BIs"an$u(C "eun"ang asai?usui #ak6 an"ara
-eu(anda deungon Keurad)aan A")+*. Keu"eurangan n)o% go$
#euga*4 geu"u(6* (6 sidro% ureu%ng A")+*. Teu"a#i sa$a$
geu#eu"eu$i%" deungon nari" ras7i ni$ak !eu7eurin"a* Turki4 n)o%
7ungk6n na sa$o* "anda keu7eung "euka "eu7a #ak6 an"ara
-eu(anda deungon Turki. Ka "eun"+%4 7eun)o keu"eurangan n)ang ka
geu #eu"eu$i%" n)an $eu"0i4 a"a>a 7eun)o !eu7eurin"a* Turki
geu"euri7ong *a$a n)an si$ago% $euna4 7aka !eu7eurin"a* Turki
*and)eu%" *an geu"u(0ng !eu7eurin"a* A")+* $ak geu(a>an angan?
angan (u7#o% -eu(anda.
FHa$a #eukara asai?usui da>a n)ang d)i#eu"eu$i%" di den Haag ka
geu"an)o% deungo $andu7. d)i#euga* A")+* 7eu(angga d)and)i4
7eura7#ok di (a0"4 dan #eu7ad)u $(o%?#u$(o% (a7i%". D)i#euga* ")i"
I6 -eu(anda d)i* *ana 7eukeusud #eugo" AaggressiA a"a>a d)ak
d)ad)a* A")+*@ 7eukeusud #rang d)i* *ana (a6n ni$ak d)ak *uk07
$angsa A")+* keu $u%" sa(a* n)ang ka u (ik0" 7anga" "eudong keu
a7anan di7asa ukeu%.
FHa$a ni$ak ureu%ng A")+* 7eu(a6n "*a". Dan *ana (a6n ni$ak sa$o*
keuAadi(an $eugi geu"an)o% n)ang ka "a$ri geu(in)u%ng "eu* $ak "a
deungo *a$a 7us0* ureu%ng A")+*4 geu"an)o% d)ino% #i* >ad)6$
"a$ri geu(in)u%ng "eu* $ak "a deungo *a$a #i*ak A")+*. Dua "*0n
n)ang ka u (ik0"4 k*eun sura"?*a$a -asira" di Is"an$u(4 sa$o* ka#ai?
#rang -eu(anda d)i"euka u Kua(a A")+* dan d)i(ak+% ureu%ng A")+*
rneun)eura* keu d)i*. !ang(i7a A")+* geud)ak 6k u ka#ai n)an dan
geu#euga* $ak -eu(anda $a*>a Nanggro% A")+* na sa$o*
&D






&1
nanggro% da(a7 (ind0ngan Su("an Turki4 sa$a$ n)ankeu* $andira
A")+* sa$an deungon $andira Turki. Meun)o -eu(anda na keu7eung
(ak+% $eurangka#eu%4 #eukara n)an d)eu%" geu $ri 7eun)o *ana
7eu(angga d+%(a" K*a(i/a* Is(a7 di Turki. !ang(i7a -eu(anda "eu7a
d)i(ak+% 7eu*ada# deungon Su("an A")+* dan d)i6k u dara" keu
7eukeusud n)an. Da(a7 7eu*ada# n)an Su("an A")+*. ka geu#euga*
$ak #ang(i7a -eu(anda n)an #eu% n)ang ka geu#euga* (6 #ang(i7a
A")+* $uno%. 'a"+% I*eu%* n)an >aki -eu(anda deungon ka#aid)i*
d)i >+* ni$ak (a0" A")+*. Su("an A")+*. :eukire7 eun"0san u Is"an$u(
d)ak #euga* #eu% n)ang ka "eud)adi n)an dan geu(ak+% $eunan"u
ni$ak K*a(i/a* Is(a7 7eun)o "eud)adi #rang deungon -eu(anda.
Kara# dua "*0n >a"+% I*eu%* n)an4 sa$o* ka#ai deungon d)iseu"o" Ie
3D $o* ka#ai F#rang4 $andu7 ngui $andira -eu(anda4 d)idong di
keu% Kua(a A")+*. Sidro% ureu%ng $a sura" d)i#eu6k u dara"4 si$ago%
>aki #ang(i7a -eu(anda d)ak $a (i7ong $o* #eukara n)ang d)i(ak+%
(6 -eu(anda su#a)a geu"euri7ong I6 !eu7eurin"a* A")+*@ #*0n "*a"4
d)0k nanggro% A")+* n)o% keu -eu(anda deungon *ana 7eu(a>an
dan "euri 7ong $angsa A")+* d)eu%" keu $angsa di7i)u$ d)ad)a*an
-eu(anda@ keudua4 #eu#u"0* $andu7 *u$0ngan A")+* deungon
nanggro%?nanggro% (eru#a n)ang (a6n4 7eunan")i" deungon Turki@
keu (*+%4 su#a)a "*a7 $+k na (6 $(o%?#u$(o% (a7i%" di #u(o Su7a"ra
dan $+k na I6 #eura7#ok di (a0"@ keu #eu%"4 su#a)a A")+* $ri keu
-eu(anda $andu7 #u(o Su7a"ra a"a>a "ano* Su7a"ra n)ang
7an"ong da(a7 d)aro% Keurad)aan A")+*@ keu (i7ong4 gan"o%
$and6ra A")+* $in"ang $u(eu%n n)ang (ag+% Turki n)an deungon
$and6ra -eu(anda.
FSu("an A")+* *an geu"67 $ri d)euna>eu%$ deungon $agai* keu #eu%
n)ang d)i(ak+% I6 -eu(anda n)ang *ana #a"0" sagai n)an4 sa$a$ n)an
geu(ak+% >a"+% I*+% $u(eu%n 7anga" d)eu%" geu#ik6. D)eundra(
-eu(anda d)i$a(ai* deungon $agai* "*a"4 k*eun d)i*4 A")+* d)i$ri
>a"+% sid)eu%7 $ak d)a>eu%$ u("i7a"u7 n)ang $an d)i* $a n)an.
!eu% n)ang "eud)adi >a"+% I*eu%* n)an ka ureu%ng "eu#eu% $an
sa$o* d0n)a. Rad)a A")+* ka geu"u(ak $andu7 aso% u("i7a"u7
-eu(anda n)ang *ana *ak n)an deungon *ana ragu?ragu I6 dan
deungon *ana s)ok sagai. Si$ago% $euna(ai*4 -eu(anda ka d)i#eu6k
#rang u A")+*. >a"+% I*eu%* n)an d)i* ka"a(0 deungon Ie "*a" 7a"64
"r0kAan d)eundra( d)i*. Disino% keu* #eukara n)an "eudong $ak >a"+%
n)o%.
FD)ino% ka deu*4 7enur0" -asira"4 Su("an A")+* ka geu7eudong
deungon keu7u(iaan n)ang ra)ek "*a" deungon "eunang. :euk*eun
I6 Rad)a A")+* da(a7 nari" go$n)an n)ang keuneu(eu%* keu 7us0*
geu*4 $a*>a go$n)an4 de7i keu?7u(iaan dro% geu*4 *an

&3
sagai geu"67 $ri $ang sa A")+* d)eu%" keu (a7i%" $ansa (a6n@
#eukara $(o%?#u$(o% Ia7i%" (ag+% d)i"ud0* (6 -eu(anda4 n)an *ana
$euna sa$a$ di A")+* *ana sis"e7 Ia7i%"@ #eukara *uk07
#eura7#ok di (a0" n)an ")i" ka *uk07 Nanggro% A")+*4 *ana
#eureu(+% -eu(anda d)ak #euga*4 so% n)ang geu"eu7eung
7eura7#ok "eun"+% geu *uk07 (6 !eu7eurin"a* A")+*@ !eukara
*u$0ngan deungon K*a(i/a* Is(a7 di Turki4 n)an na ur0san aga7a
(s(a74 n)ang $ansa A")+* *ana ni%" $ak u$a*@ dan keu aga7a
deungon keu $and)ra dro% geu*4 $ansa A")+* sa$6 keu7a* $ak
geu$ri dara* geu* "r0kAan "i"+# keuneu(*eu%*.
F!akri $an ureu%ng A")+* ka geu7u#rang da(a7 7ideu%n #rang
n)ang 7euku$ang dara* n)ang "eud)adi (ad)u >a"+% (*eu%* n)an4 ka
d)i7eungaku (6 $andua $(ai* #i*ak@ $andu7 keunira d)i#eu)akin
geu"an)o% #eur(a>anan ureu%ng n)an $ak 7asa ukeu% akan "eu"a#
$eu*0 dan k*a (ag+% n)ang ka ")i"4 $0* sa$an 7eu*as6 a"a>a *an.
Meunan")i"4 ??7enur0" -asira"4 ureu%ng A")+* kon na geu7u#rang
(ag+% (a>an n)ang $iada$.
FMeun)o #eu% n)ang geu#euga* da(a7 -asira" d)eu%" "a ")ok keu
7eunu7a"4 7aka *u$0ngan an"ara A")+* deungon -eu(anda ka
ra)ek "*a" 7eu"uka $ak 7a"a d0n)a. D0Aa geu"an)o% $iasa d)i* "a$ri
keu keurad)aan Keuris"+n dan keu keurad)aan n)ang 7eu ada$@
7eunan")i"4 ka "eun"+%4 7eun)o geu"an)o% "a ka(on -eu(anda d)ak
7u#rang #eu *an")0 eu7#ung #an")uri a"a>a #eura7#ok "eun"+% "a
*ara# d)i* 7eunang@ "eu"a#i $ak >a"+% "a ka(on sa$o* $ansa n)ang
deungon gaga* $eurani geu 7u#rang #eu"*eun Nanggro% dro%4
-and6ra dro%4 dan Aga7a dro% ni$ak si#eun)eurang n)ang #a(6*4
n)o% na sa$o* #eu7andangan n)ang 7eu(a6n "*a". N)ang
keuneu(eu%* n)o% n)an keu* ga7$a n)ang $eu"0i ni$ak keuadaan di
A")+* (ag+% n)ang ka geu#euga* (6 rakan A")+* n)ang d)ro* "*a" n)an4
>ar"a>an Is"an$u(. !eu7$a")a n)ang ")arong d)eu%" geu #eu"i7ang
keudro% geu* *a$a so% n)ang (eu$+* #a"0" "a #eu")a)a4 *a$a A")+*
a"a>a *a$a -eu(anda.\
Meunankeu*4 keuneu(eu%* sura"*a$a T*e Ne> Mork Ti7es d)idong ro" geu"an)o%
A")+* da(a7 #rang deungon -eu(anda n)an. Meunan")i" I6 sura"?sura" *a$a (a6n di
A7+rika dan di (%ru#a. Di nanggro% Inggr6*4 sura"*a$a T*e EKono7is" dan T*e
S#eK"a"or d)idong ro" geu"an)o% A")+* ")i". -andu7 sura"?sura" *a$a n)o% 7an"ong
d)i"eu$i%" "r0kAan uro% n)o% geuna# uro%4 (ag+% T*e Ne> Mork Ti7es ")i" n)ang d)ino%
ka d)eu%" keu sura"$a$a n)ang #a(6ng ra)ek di A7erika. Kas6$ Ao* no% di(+%
#eukara saksi d0n)a "eun"ang #akri $an 7euga*4 7u(ia dan $ako keu"ur0nan A")+*
n)ang ka u (ik0".
Keu7eunangan geu"an)o% da(a7 7ideu%n #rang Kua(a

&&
A")+* n)an deungon -eu(anda na sa$o* keud)adian n)ang #eun"6ng "*a"
da(a7 seud)ara* geu"an)o% $ansa A")+* $ak 7asa n)ang ka u (ik0" dan
keu 7asa u keu%. Keu7eunangan geu"an)o% n)an4 #*0n "*a"4 #eu(eu7a*
$ak 7a"a d0n)a dan $ak 7a"a keu"ur0nan A")+* di7asa n)o% dan 7asa u
keu%4 #adu7 na ra)ek keukua"an 7i(i"+ ??(ag+% go$ k*eun F7i(i"arE
Ka#aKi"EF?? geu"an)o% $ansa A")+*. N)ang keudua4 #eu(eu7a* $ak d0n)a
dan $ak aneuk ")u")o $a*>a geu"an)o% $ansa A")+* #i* *ana kureu%ng
u"0* $ak #eudong di#(o7asi ??(ag+% go$ k*eun Fdi#(o7a"iK Ka#aKi"E F?
?da(a7 d0n)a. N)ang keu I*+%4 keu7eunangan A")+* n)an na sa$o*
keud)adian n)ang ra)ek "*a" da(a7 seud)ara* $ansa?$ansa Asia Ti7u
$andu74 sa$a$ deungon keu7eunangan n)an geu"an)o% A")+* ka "a
#eu6k nan dan keu7u(iaan $ansa?$ansa Asia Ti7u ")i"4 deungon "a
#eun)a"a da(a7 7ideu%n #rang $a*>a geu"an)o% *ana kureu%ng k*a4
7eun)o *ana (eu$+*4 ni$ak $ansa?$ansa (%ru#a.
D)adi keu7eunangan A")+* n)an kon na ar"i keu seud)ara*
geu"an)o% $ansa A")+* 7an"ong4 "eu"a#i na sa$o* keud)adian n)ang ra)ek
"*a" 7akna ")i" keu seud)ara* $ansa?$ansa Asia Ti7u $andu7. geu"an)o%
A")+* keu* sa$o* $ansa Asia Ti7u n)ang #*0n?#*0n "*a" #eu"a(o "eun"ra
$ansa (eru#a da(a7 7ideu%n #rang4 (age% d)iaku ")i" da(a7 sura"*a$a T*e
8ondon Ti7es dan T*e Ne> Mork Ti7es. Ureu%ng ")*ik geu"an)o% ka geu
#eu$u%" $u%" n)ang ra)a "*a" n)an &3 "*0n )0* go*(o7 D)eu#ang #eu"a(0
Rusia da(a7 7ideu%n #rang Mans)uria $ak "*0n 19D14 a"a>a 69 "*0n )0*
go* Io7 D)eu#ang #eu"a(0 Inggr6* di Singa#ura4 dan 81 "*0n )o* go* Io7
ureu%ng 5ie"na7 #eu"a(0 !euran")is di Dien$ien#*u.
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d)euP$ "*0n si$ago% sa$o* uro% #a*(a>an n)ang $ak uro% n)an 6nda"u
geu"an)o% ka geu#eu(eu7a* $ak $an sa$o* d0n)a geu"an)o% aneuk aga7
n)ang *ana kureu%ng ni$ak $arangkaso% da(a7 d0n)a Tu*an n)o%.
N)o%keu* uro% n)ang >ad)6$ "a #eu inga" I6 geu"an)o% $ansa A")+* (ag+%
$ansa !euran")is #eu inga" 7ideu%n #rang Aus"er(i"N4 Jena dan RiGo(i@
(age% $ansa Junani #eu inga" 7ideu%n #rang T*er7o#E(ae ? Fn)ang
"eud)adi (eu$+* ni$ak 3DDD "*0n n)ang ka u (ik0"\??4 (ag+% $ansa D)eu#ang
#eu inga" Mans)uria4 (ag+% $ansa 5ie"na7 #eu inga" Dien$ien#*uZ
Teu"a#i #eu% n)ang geu"an)o% A")+* keu"ur0nan d)ino% #eu(aku
(a>6" n)o%= -u%" 6nda"u n)ang si#a"0" d)i* "a #euinga" deungon "a
#eudong 7onu7en" n)ang (eu$+* (a7$0ng ni$ak #u")ak Seu(a>a*4 ka
*ana "a inga"4 *ana "a #ad0(i I6. Kon 7an"ong geu"an)o% (a>6" n)o% *ana
"a #eu )u7 dan *ana "a #eu 7u(ia $u%" ra)a 6nda"u n)ang adak $angsa
(a6n akan d)i")07 "ano*4 d)ak #eugo" ku$u4 d)i7eu$ae4 d)i7eu")a64
7eukasida*4 #eu inga" $u%" 6nda"u n)an4 di geu"an)o% d)ino% ka "a 7eu
#iAe (ag+% $i%k $angai "*a"4 ni$ak "a #eu 7u(ia $u%" ra)a 6nda"u4 d)ino% ka
"a #eugo" dro% "eu* (ag+% (eu7o ku$ si"u%k4 (ag+% $ansa *ana 7eu
seud)ara*4 "ad)ak seu"o" D)a>a #eura)ek #eu% n)ang d)i* #eunan Furo%
#a*(a>anAA d)i*4 uro% 1 NoGe7$er4 n)ankeu* uro% D)a>a #(u%ng #u(a?
#ingkui ni$ak keunong $o7 Inggr6* di Sura$a)a4 $ak "*0n 19914 sa$o*
Auro% #a*(a>anF n)ang *ana 7euso% 7eunang4 *ana 7euso% "a(04
&9
$a*kan *ana 7eud)i"eu#eu% na #i* (6 Inggr6* si$ago% #i*ak (a>an4 #eu% (o7 I6
d0n)a.
Meunan")i"4 ni$ak "a #eura)ek dan "a #eu7u(ia #a*(a>an?#a*(a>an dro% "eu*4
ni$ak "a #eu inga" nan dan "a #eu 7u(ia ar>a* go$n)an deungon "a #eugo"
7onu7en" dan "a #eunan d)a(an?d)a(an ra)a di ku"a?ku"a geu"an)o% deungon nan
go$n)an $andu74 (ag+% n)ang (aN67 $ak $angsa?$angsa n)ang 7eu ada$4 d)ino%
geu"an)o% keu"ur0nan n)ang ka $angai n)o% ka "ad)ak #eu 7u(ia ureu%ng go$ n)ang
*ana 7euso%?so%4 n)ang *ana 7eu#eu%?sa#eu% n)ang *ana 7u#a"?sa#a" dan *ana
7eusangk0"?#a>0" deungon seud)ara* geu"an)o% $ansa A")+*4 deungon "a d)ak #eu
7u(ia nan a>ak n)an $ak d)a(an?d)a(an ra)a di $anda?$anda nanggro% A")+* n)o%4
seudang #a*(a>an?#a*(a>an dro% "eu* n)ang ka geur*0 dara* dan kageu$ri
d)a>ong geu* $ak #eu"*eun keu 7u(iaan dan keu7eurd6*kaan nanggro% A")+*
n)o% ka *ana "a #ad0(i (6.



I5
!RAN: DEUN:;N -EU8ANDA. TARAY KEU DUA
Dese7$er 18,& ? D6s+7$+r 1911
Tara/ n)ang keu dua ni$ak #rang A")+* deungon -eu(anda 7u(ai "eu7a 8
$u(eu%n I*eu%* -eu(anda "a(0 n)an. -ak $u(eu%n D6s+7$+r4 "*0n 18,&4 "eun"ra
-eu(anda d)i"euka keu(ai u Kua(a A")+* deungon keukua"an 7eu(i#a" ganda ni$ak
n)ang ka. -ak uro% 9 $u(eu%n Dese7$er n)an4 8DDD sidadu -eu(anda deungon
d)i#i7#in I6 d)eundra( Gan S>ie"en dan d)eundra( Gan S#i)Kk4 d)i#eu6k #rang keu(ai
a"eu%* geu"an)o% A")+*. !akri $an *i$a" #eur(a>anan geu"an)o% A")+* $ak >a"+%
n)an ka I*eu%* u(0n "u(6* da(a7 $uku !rang A")+*4 3D "*0n n)ang ka u (ik0"4 (ag+%
n)o%.
F-a* "*a" #i* deungon a(a" sin)a"a n)ang (eu$+* kureu%ng ni$ak
-eu(anda4 "eun"ra dan rak)a" A")+* geu #eu"*eun ku"a "r0kAan 7a"6.
-ak >a"+% n)o% -eu(anda ru#ad)i* ka d)i7eusu7#a* $ak 6k
d)i"eu$0* 7euna(+% "a(0 n)ang ka u (ik0". Sa$a$ n)an $a* "*a" #i*
7euri$+% sidadu d)i* n)ang 7a"64 *ana d)i#ad0(i. -ak uro% 6 $u(eu%n
D)anuari4 "*0n 18,94 -eu(anda "r0* d)i"a7ong u !an"6 !irak. $agian
ro" -aro* Ku"arad)a. Deungon n)o6 n)a"a -eu(anda ek d)i7ad)u
da(a7 si$eu(euen 7u#rang ")i" 9 $a"ee sagai. !rang *ana reuda
uroe?7a(a7. -ak uroe 13
&1
D)anuari4 -eu(anda d)i"a7ong u Ku"a :unongan4 d)adi 6k d)i7ad)u na
keu* kira?kira ,1D 7+"+ >a"+% I*eu%* 7u#rang sigo D)eu7euAa".
Ni$ak Ku"a :unongan u is"ana A")+* d)eu0* d)i* ")i" 1DD 7+"+ "reuk
sagai. -a* "*a" #i* 7eunan4 "eun"ra A")+* 7an"ong geu#eu"*eun
"eu7#a" n)an deungon k*a "*a". 8*eu%* 7u#rang 7eu *u$0?*u$0 13
uro% 13 7a(a7 "reuk $ar0 -eu(anda "r0* d)i"a7ong u is"ana A")+*4
n)an #i* keureuna !eu7eurin"a* A")+* ka geu")ok #u"0san
geu#euso* is"ana n)an sa$a$ ka keunong #eun)ak6" ko(+ra aki$a" Ie
"*a" ureu%ng 7a"6 $an sa$o* ku"a. -ak uro% 39 D)anuari4 18,9 ??
d)adi >a"+% (*eu%$ d)i7u#rang (eu$+* "eungo*?dua?$u(eu%n da(a7
d)arak kira?kira 1 $a"+% ? $ar0 -eu(anda d)eu%" d)i"a7ong da(a7
is"ana A")+*4 "eu"a#i d)i"eu7eung is"ana n)an ka geu #euso* I6
ureu%ng A")+* dan *ana 7euru7#ok 7eusidro% ureu%ng #i*
disinan.F
Uro% Gan S>ie"en "a7ong u Ku"arad)a deungon ku"a n)an ka geu #euso* I6
!eu7eurin"a* A")+* sa$an "*a" (ag+% uro% Na#o(eon "a7ong u ku"a Mosko>4 $ak
"*0n 18134 $ak >a"+% n)an #i* ku"a n)an ka d)i#euso* I6 !eu7eurin"a* Rusia.
Na#o(eon $eung+* "*a" sa$a$ *ana d)i"eu7eung 7eusidro% ureu%ng u(+% nanggro%
Rusia n)ang d)eu%" d)i)u% "+k+n sura" 7eun)eura*. Meunan ")i" Gan S>ie"en #a(ak
ra)a. D)isangka (6 d)i*4 deungon d)i")ok Ku"arad)a ureu%ng A")+* ka 6k d)i* #eu"a(0
dan !e7eurin"a* A")+* akan keu7ai* d)i* )u% "+k+n sa$o* sura" 7eun)eura*. !eu%
(o7 $ak 7asa n)an4 7enur0" reusa7 d0n)a a"a>a 7eunur0" *uk07 in"ernasiona(4
sa$o*?sa$o* nanggro% go* (o7 d)eu%" geuk*eun "a(0 #rang 7eun)o go* (o7
d)i"+k+n sura" "anda ka 7eun)eura*.
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38 D)anuari4 18,94 keureuna dro%neu* n)an *ana neu "inggai keu"ur0nan4 7aka
!eu7eurin"a* A")+* na da(a7 d)aro% sa$o* Meud)eu(i* nanggro% A")+*4 n)ang
"eudong ni$ak Tuanku Has)674 Teuku !ang(i7a !o(67 Muda Kua(a dan Teungku
T)*ik A$du( 'a*a$ Tano* A$+%. !eu7eurin"a* Meud)eu(i* nanggro% A")+* n)an #i*
*an geu"+7 "+k+n sura" 7eun)eura* n)an. Si"*0n >a"+% I*eu%* n)an4 n)akni $ak
"*0n 18,14 u(6* Meud)eu(i* Nanggro% n)an geu#i(6* Tuanku Mu*a77ad Da>0d4
sidro% /a7i(i Su("an n)ang 7an"ong aneuk 7i%" $ak >a"+% n)an4 si$ago% ")a(on
Rad)a4 di7i)u$ as0*an Tuanku Has)674 n)ang #eu"i7ang nanggro% si$ago%
:eunan"oP Rad)a. Meunankeu*4 #rang geu#uga (ad)u4 dan $ak >a"+% Teungku
T)*ik di Tiro Mu*a77ad Sa7an d)eu%" keu !ang(i7a !rang4 $an I*+% ureu%ng
ang+%"a Meud)eu(i* nanggro% A")+* n)an4 $ak du%k4 $ak dong4 7eusa#eu% k*eun
"*a" deungon dro%neu* n)an "r0kAan $andu7 ureu%ng ra)ek A")+* n)an a$6* u7u
da(a7 #rang. -ak >a"+% #rang 7ak6n da*s)a"4 dan $u%" #euseu(a7a" nanggro%
A")+* n)o% 7ak6n #a)a* "*a"4 !eu7eurin"a* A")+* geu#u(ang da(a7 d)aro% Teungku
T)*ik di Tiro I6 Meud)eu(i* nanggro% n)o%. Si$ago% 'a(i Nanggro% A")+*4 Teungku
T)*ik
&6
di Tiro Mu*a77ad Sa7an geu*0i deungon nan ras7i@ Mukarra7 Mau(ana
A(7uda$$ir A(7a(ik Teungku T)*ik di Tiro Bka(on4 an"ara (a6n4 sura" Tuanku Rad)a
Keu7a(a4 Tuanku Ma*7ud dan Teuku !ang(i7a !o(674 $ak 0n 91C.
Teu"a#i $ak >a"+% Mukarra7 Mau(ana A(7uda$$ir A(7a(ik Teungku T)*ik di
Tiro 7u(ai 7a" #i7#inan nanggro% n)o%4 keuadaan ka 7eu u$a* "*a". Teun"ra A")+*
n)ang ka seu(euso% neu a"0 keu(ai (6 Teungku T)*ik di Tiro ka "euga "eu7a. D)ino%
kon (6 -eu(anda n)ang d)ak (ak+% geu"an)o% su#a)a "a 7eun)eura* keu d)i*4 "eu"a#i
geu"an)o% A")+* n)ang (ak+% -eu(anda su#a)a d)i7eun)eura* 7an"ong $ak
geu"an)o% . -ak "*0n 1889 B1D "*0n >a"+% I*eu%* -eu(anda d)i#eun)a"a $ak d0n)a
$a*>a d)i* ka d)i#eu"a(0 A")+*C -eu(anda d)irasa dro%d)i* keu7eung "a(0 #rang sigo
"reuk deungon Teun"ra A")+* n)ang ka I*eu%* "eusus0n dan "eu a"0 keu(ai n)an4
*ingga #i7#inan "eun"ra -eu(anda d)i")ok #u"0san *ana guna d)i7u#rang (6
deungon ureu%ng A")+*. N)ang #eureu(+% ")i" #euseu(a7a" n)a>ong 7an"ong4
#eu"*eun dro% asai $+k #a)a* #(u%ng u (a0" (ag+% 11 "*0n n)ang ka u (ik0"4 dan
#euseu(a7a" nan -eu(anda ni$ak 7a(6% $ak d0n)a. Deungon 7eukeusud (ag+%
n)an4 7aka $andu7 sidadu -eu(anda n)ang na di A")+* d)i#eusa#a" da(a7 sa$o*
ku"a di Ku"arad)a. Ku"a n)an d)i#eunan da(a7 $asa -eu(anda FgeKonKen"reerde
(inieF ?? ku"a 7eusa#a".
Mu(ai "*0n 1889 "r0kAan "*0n 18964 d)adi 13 "*0n 7eu"ur0"?"ur0" -eu(anda
*ana d)i"eu$i%" (64 d)i7euso7 da(a7 Fku"a 7eusa#a"F d)i* $+k keunong #eudeu%ng
dan aneuk $eud6 "eun"ra A")+*. -ak >a"+% n)an4 (ag+% ka d)i"u(6* (6 Kree7er4
Teungku T)*ik di Tiro Fka keu7ai* geu#eudong sa$o* "eun"ra n)ang ra)a
"*a"......:o$n)an ka geu#eurin"a* #eudong ku"a?ku"a u$i" $an si(ingka ku"a?ku"a
geu"an)o% $andu74 dan #a" n)ang 7ungk6n ")i" $ak $in+* aneuk 7a"a geu"an)o%4
*ingga go$n)an ka geukur0ng geu"an)o% deungon keukua"an sind)a"a.\ Q
Da(a7 sura"?7eun)ura" an"ara Teungku T)*ik di Tiro deungon !eu7eurin"a*
-eu(anda $ak $u(eu%n S6#"+7$+r 18814 ka neu #euga*4 si$ago% "anda d)ro* *a"6
$ansa A")+*4 !eu7eurin"a* A")+* geu$ri #eu(eu>eu%ng keuneu(eu%* keu -eu(anda
$+k 7a(+% d)i* $ak d0n)a4 $+k keunong (6" sigo "reuk4 d)eu%" d)idu%k di Nanggro%
A")+* 7aniaga4 7eun)o d)i"67 "a7ong Is(a7 dan di7eungaku d+%(a" *uk07
!eu7eurin"a* A")+*. -eu(anda4 (ag+% ka "a"eu#eu%4 na d)i7u#aka" #eukara n)an
"r0kAan da(a7 Ka$in+" d)i* di den Haag4 dan keuneu(eue* d)id)a>eu%$ deungon
#u"0san Ka$ine" -eu(anda $ak 11 Agus"us4 18884 d)i"u(ak #eu(eu>eu%ng n)ang ka
geu"67 $ri (6 !eu7eurin"a* A")+* n)an. 'a"+% I*eu%* n)an4 "eun"ra A")+* geu7u(ai
#eu6k #rang



Q FHi) Gor7de een Gas" (eger.. . . Hi) (ie" onNe ge*ee(e (inie o7?ringen door een kring
Gan k(eine NooGee( 7oge(i)k aan ons oog on""rokken $en"engs4 Nooda" *e" er Gee(
Gan *ad4 o/ *i) *e" >as4 die ons 7e" kraK*" Gan >a#enen inges(o"en *ad. F J.
Kree7er4 A")+* 0n 3,.
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keuneu(eu%* #eug(+* nanggro% A")+* n)o% ni$ak sidadu -eu(anda dan sidadu
(a7i%" D)a>a. FKu"a 7eusa#a"F -eu(anda n)ang (u>ai* d)i* ")i" #adu7 ki(o7+"+ sagai
n)an4 geu#rang uro% 7a(a7 (6 "eun"ra A")+*. 8e "*a" ka "anda?"anda $ak >a"+% n)an
-eu(anda akan 6k geu#eu"a(0 sigo "reuk (6 "eun"ra A")+* da(a7 sa$o* >a"+% n)ang
#aneuk. Du7#eu% n)ang d)ro* da(a7 #eukara Fs"ra"egEF dan F"aK"iKsF #rang na
da(a7 d)aro% "eun"ra A")+*. -eu(anda keudro% d)i* #i* d)i7eungaku neudu%k d)i*
$ak >a"+% n)an (ag+% n)o%@ F-andu7 keu un"0ngan n)ang d)ro* "*a" $ak #eu6k
#rang na da(a7 d)aro% 7us0* BA")+*C@ d)ino% ureu%ng n)an d)eu%" geu#eu6k #rang
a"eu%* geu"an)o% B-eu(andaC #akri $an n)ang ga(ak geu*4 "eu7a digeu"an)o% n)ang
d)eu%" $ak #eu$u%" *ana (a6n ni$ak "a #eu"*eun dro% 7an"ong $ak sa$o* "eu7#a".
FQ Teu"a#i $ak 7asa n)ankeu*4 deungon *ana soe sangka4 Mukarra7 Mau(ana
A(7uda$$ir A(7a(ik Teungku T)*ik di Tiro Mu*a77ad Sa7an >a/eu%" keunong
ra")0n ni$ak d)aro%?gaki -eu(anda B$u(eu%n D)anuari4 1891C. Deungon *ana dro%
neu* n)an4 7aka organisasi !eu7eurin"a* A")+* 7u(ai (eu7o* $a")u"?$a")u".
Teungku T)*ik di Tiro Mu*a77ad Sa7an neu gan"oe (6 Teungku T)*ik di Tiro
Mu*a77ad A7in4 aneuk "u*a dro% neu* n)an4 si$ago% !ang(i7a !rang dan 'a(i
nanggro% A")+*. Teungku T)*ik di Tiro Mu*a77ad A7in neu #eugo" Ku"a Aneuk
:a(0ng keu Markas !usa" Teun"ra A")+* n)ang #eur"a*anan d)i* neu#i7#in keudro%
neu*. Dro%neu* n)an na sidro% #ang(i7a #rang n)ang $eu*0 n)ang ka #adu7 go
reu$a* da(a7 7ideu%n #rang. -ak "*0n 18964 >a"+% ka "r0k $an"uan 1DDD sidadu
$ar0 ni$ak D)a>a4 n)ang "eudong ni$ak sidadu -eu(anda "ok"ok dan (ado7 sidadu
(a7i%" D)a>a4 -eu(anda d)i"eu$i%" keu(ai ni$ak Fku"a 7eusa#a"F d)i* dan d)i")i
7u#rang keu(ai deungon geu"an)o% A")+*. !rang ra)ek n)ang #*0n "*a" d)i #eu6k
n)ankeu* a"eu%* Ku"a Aneuk :a(0ng4 Markas Ra)a Teun"ra A")+* $ak >a"+% n)an.
!akri $an da*s)a" #rang Ku"a Aneuk :a(0ng ka d)i"u(6* I6 #eungarang -eu(anda4 H.
H. Ien/Kgraa/4 (ag+% n)o%.
FUreu%ng A")+* geu7u#rang (ag+% singa@ (e n)ang #i(6* 7a"6 da(a7
ku"a n)ang "eungo* "u"0ng n)an4 ni$ak d)ak 7eun)eura*. !rang n)o%
na sa$o* #rang 7eu")ang?")ang4 7eu"ak?"ak deungon d)aro%4 n)ang
da*s)a" "*a"@ *ana so% n)ang (ak+% a7#0n4 dan *ana so% n)ang $ri
a7#0n.. .. Ni$ak ureu%ng A")+* n)ang 7a"6 da(a7 #rang n)o% r0*
Teungku Mu*a77ad A7in di Tiro. Man)+" dro% neu*





FAan den Gi)and >aren a((e Goordee(en Gan *e" ini"ia"ie/ in de *oogs"e 7a"e
GerNekerd4 "*ans >as *i) *e/K4 die o//ensie/ kon o#"reden4 "er>i)( >i) one "o"
(i)de(i)ke a/>eer 7oes"en $e#a(en. F J. Kree7er4 A")+*4 0n 3,.
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n)an geu$a (6 ureu%ng A")+* keud6* u ga7#0ng Mureu%.... disinan
dro% neu* n)an geu"ano7 "o% ku$u A$u neu*. FQ
-a* "*a" #i* geu"an)o% gado* sa$o* ku"a4 geu"an)o% *ana gado* nan da(a7 #rang
Ku"a Aneuk :a(0ng n)an4 sa$a$ #a*(a>an?#a*(a>an geu"an)o% geu"uAo* *ud6# dan
geu"ukri 7a"6. :eu"an)o% ka kureu%ng sa$o* ku"a4 "eu"a#i geu"an)o% ka 7eu"a7a*
7u(ia $ak 7a"a d0n)a4 keureuna $u%" #a*(a>an?#a*(a>an geu"an)o% di Ku"a Aneuk
:a(0ng n)an.
Teungku T)*ik di Tiro Mu*a77ad A7in neugan"o% (6 ad+k neu*4 Teungku
T)*ik di Tiro Ma*)+ddin B Teungku T)*ik Ma)+" di TiroC si$ago% !ang(i7a !rang dan
'a(i nanggro% A")+* da(a7 $u%" #eu"*eun d+%(a" nanggro% n)o%. 'a"+% I*eu%*
#rang Ku"a Aneuk :a(0ng4 #eur"eu7#0ran ka 7eu si#reu%k $an sa$o* A")+*.
Meuri$+%?ri$+% sidadu -eu(anda deungon sidadu (a7i%" d)i* D)a>a4 d)id)ak $an
sa$o* nanggro% geu"an)o%4 d)i"o" ru7o* dan d)i#o* ureu%ng deungon *ana sa$a$.
Teu"a#i "eun"ra A")+* geu(a>an sa$64 d)ino% deungon geu#i7#in I6 Teungku T)*ik
Ma)6" di Tiro. !ang(i7a?#ang(i7a A")+* *an"o7 geu7eun)eura* 7eun)o 7an"ong
*ud6#. Han"o7 -eu(anda d)i"eu7eung ")ok sa$o* ku"a deungon *ana 7u#rang4
a"a>a sa$o* ga7#0ng deungon *ana 7eu")ang. n)o% #i* d)i7eungaku ")i" (6 a*(i?
a*(i seud)ara* -eu(anda. FTi%#?"i%# si$ud)u inong d)aro% "ano* n)ang geu"an)o% ")ok
di A")+* $andu7 7eu(a$o deungon dara*4\ k*eun Dr. Ju(ius JaKo$s. QQ
-ak "*0n 19D84 134 "*0n >a"+% I*eu%* #rang Ku"a Aneuk :a(0ng4 #rang
7an"ong go* (o7 reuda. -eu(anda d)i")u$a keu(ai #o(i"6k 7euda7+ dan U(+%
!eu7eurin"a* #eund)ad)a* -eu(anda di A")+* d)i(ak+% 7eurund6ng deungon
Teungku T)*ik Ma)6" di Tiro. Meunan")i" da(a7 $u%" n)o%4 u(6* -eu(anda d)i )u%
ureu%ng u(+% A")+* n)ang ka d)ak 7eun)eura* $ak d)i* (ag+% Tuanku Rad)a
Keu7a(a4 Tuanku Ma*7ud dan Teuku !ang(i7a !o(67 Mu*a77ad Da>0d4 su#a)a
geukir67 sura" keu Teungku T)*ik Ma)6" di Tiro dan #ang(i7a?#ang(i7a A")+* n)ang
(a6n


QFDe A")+*ers GoK*"en a(s (eeu>en@ so77igen s"or""en NiK* (ieGer in de
$radende $arakken dan NiK* oGer "e geGen. He" >as een $i""er A*and?"o?*and?
/ig*"ingA@ k>ar"ier >erd nie" geGraagd en nie" gegeGen.... To" de gesneuGe(den
$e*oorde Tengku Ma" A7in di Tiro4 en Ni)n (i)k >erd door Ni)n 7ensK*en
ge$raK*" naar ka7#ong Mureue.. .>aar *e" $egraGen >erd naas" da" Gan Ni)n
Gader. F H. H. Ien"graa/4 A")+*4 0n 3D4 31.
QQFIedere dui7$reed"e grounds4 die door ons o# Nord?Su7a"ra >erd GeroGerd4 is
gedrenk" 7e" *e" $(oed. F He" Ya7i(ie en Ka7#ong(eGen o# :roo" A")+*4 d)i(6d
I4 0n &,&.

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sad)an dro%neu* n)an 7anga" d)ak 7eun)eura* 7an"ong $ak -eu(anda Bka(on sura"
ureu%ng n)an $ak 0n 91C. 8ag+% a*(i seud)ara* -eu(anda #i* d)i#eusa$6" ")i"4
Fsura" n)an na geu"euri7ong (6 Tengku T)*ik Ma)e" dan geu"an)o% "a
"eu#eu% na geu7u#aka" #eukara aso% sura" ni$ak I*+% dro%
ureu%ng ra)ek n)ang ka d)ak 7eun)eura* n)an4 deungon #ang(i7a?
#ang(i7a Tiro n)ang (a6n. Hana 7eusidro% #i* ni$ak ureu%ng n)an
n)ang geu"67 7eun)eura*. Hana 7eusidro% #i* n)ang geu"67
"inggai #eurd)uangan. $andu7 ureu%ng n)an "eu"a# kong "*a" ni%"
$ak geu7u#rang "r0kAan keu neu(eu%*4 dan $andu7 ka keu7ai* $ak
geu"euri7ong du7#eu% aki$a" #eurd)uangan n)o% $an keu*eundak
Tu*an.FQ
Hana sa$o* #euneu"0* n)ang (eu$+* ra)a4 *ana sa$o* #usaka n)ang (eu$+* 7u(ia4
n)ang ka geu"inggai keu geu"an)o% si$ago% sa$o* $ansa (6 6nda"u. n)o% keu*
#usaka n)ang (eu$+* 7eu )u7 ni$ak 7eu* 7eu $ungkai4 ni$ak in"an?$eu(ian4 sa$a$
n)o% keu* #usaka n)ang d)eu%" keu #angkai n)ang 6k #eugisa keu7u(iaan $ansa.
-ak uro% 1 $u(eu%n S6#"+7$+r4 191D4 19 "*0n I*eu%* #rang Ku"a Aneuk
:a(0ng4 &, "*0n I*eu%* #rang Kua(a A")+*4 Teungku T)*ik Ma)6" di Tiro reu$a*
da(a7 7ideu%n #rang :unong A(i7on4 Dua aneuk $eud6 -eu(anda keunong $ak
d)an"0ng dro%neu* n)an. Seuna7$0" -eu(anda $ak >a"+% d)i"eu#eu% Teungku T)*ik
ka reu$a*4 (ad)u d)i#eu7eusu (agu keu$angsaan -eu(anda4 'i(*e(7us4 $an sa$o*
g(64 sa$a$ keud)adian n)an d)iangga# na sa$o* keu7eunangan n)ang ra)a "*a".
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n)ang "i7$ak Teungku T)*ik n)an d)i$a u nanggro% -eu(anda d)ak "euri7ong $in"ang
ni$ak d)aro% Rad)a -eu(anda dan di#eud)a7+% di is"ana -eu(anda. Seuna7$0"
$angsa A")+* a"eu%* keud)adian n)an 7eu(a6n "eu7a. -ak >a"+% 7an)+" Teungku
T)*ik Ma)6" di Tiro geu#eu>o% u keud+ Tangs6 7anga" geu"ano74 7euri$+%?ri$+%
ureu%ng A")+*4 inong deungon aga74 7eu*ud07 geu"euka u keud+ Tangs6 sira
geu7o%. Id)a #eureu$an (uka?(uka Teungku T)*ik n)ang ka 7ira* deungon dara*
dro% neu* n)an n)ang ka $6* r*04 geu keu$a*@ "eu7a4 >a"+% I*eu%* geuseu7i)u$
Teungku T)*ik da(a7 "ano* A")+* n)o% n)ang ka neu #eu"*eun 19 "*0n di7i)u$
#i7#inan dro%neu* n)an4 id)a #eureu$an 7eudara* n)an geu")riek u$i"?$i" (6 ureu%ng
A")+* dan geu$agi?$agi si")riek sa#o keu ureu%ng?ureu%ng u(+% n)ang *ad64 si$ago%
"anda #euinga" keu Teungku T)*ik n)ang ka *ana (6 n)an.



QFDeNe $rie/ is inderdaad in ne" $eNi" Gan Tengku T)*iA Ma)6" geko7en4 en *e" is
$ekend da" *i) oGer di" adGies der drie onder>or#en *oo/den 7e" de andere Tiro?
7annen *ee/" ges#roken. Nie7and *unner >as genegen den s"ri)d o# "e geGen@Ni)
>i(den GeK*"en "o" *e" einde4 en 7e" *e7 Nou gesK*ieden naar A((a*As >i((. F H. H.
Ien"graa/4 A")+*4 on 38.
9D
91
-ak >a"+% d)ika(on "a$iAa" ureu%ng nanggro% A")+* n)o% sa$an deungon
"a$iAa" ureu%ng nanggro% Ro74 #eungarang -eu(anda n)ang "u(6* ri>a)a" n)an ni$ak
*a$a "eun"ra -eu(anda n)ang ka(on keud)adian n)an4 d)ik*eun. FSo% n)ang *an "eu
inga" 2 $ak >a"+% "a ka(on n)o%? keu nari" MarKus An"onius $ak gaki 7an)+" Kaesar
Ju(ius BJu(ius HeasarC da(a7 #ida"o go$n)an n)ang *ana (a>an n)an dikeu%
Meud)eu(i* BYoru7C Nanggro% R07 B(eu$e* 3DDD "*0n n)ang ka u (iko"C.
FRak)a" nanggro% R07 d)i"euka
D)ak ")07 (uka Kaesar4
Dan d)ak sa7#0* dara* su")i dro%neu* n)an
Deungon "angku(0k d)i*@
N)o4 d)ak (ak+% 0k dro%neu* n)an
Meu siura" keu"anda #eu inga"4
Dan $ak >a"+% ureu%ng n)an 7a"6
A"ra n)an geu"u(6* da(a7 sura" >asi%"4
Si$ago% keuneu$a* #usaka ra)a
N)ang 7eu*ai (eu#a* na
Keu aneuk ")u")o. Q
-ak uro% & Se#"e7$er4 191D4 dua uro% )o* go* (o7 Teungku T)*ik Ma)6" di
Tiro reu$a*4 #euru7o* dro%neu* n)an4 !o")u" :a7$ang4 #i* ka s)a*id 7a"6
keunong $eud6 -eu(anda da(a7 seu%* #rang :unong A(i7on. 8*+% $u(eu%n )0*
go*(o7 n)an $ak 31 $u(eu%n Mei4 s)+%dara dro%neu* n)an4 Teungku T)*ik -uk6"
BTeungku Mu*a77ad A(i Iainu( A$idin di TiroC #i* ka 7a"6 s)a*id da(a7 #rang
:unong A(i7on n)an ")i" n)ang 7eu $u(eu%n?$u(eu%n4 disinan "eun"ra A")+*
geu7u#rang deungon -eu(anda $ak d)eu%$?d)eu%$ #u")ak g(64 dan $ak d)eu%$?
d)eu%$ #u")0k a(u%. Dua dro% "reuk s)+%dara Teungku T)*ik Ma)6" #i* ka 7a"6 s)a*id
da(a7 7ideu%n #rang (eu$+* di(+%. Teungku di Tungk0$ BTeungku -6$C s)a*id
da(a7 #rang 8*0k !anai*4 "*0n 1899@ Teungku 8a7 -ada4 s)a*id da(a7 #rang A(u%
Keun+4 "*0n 19D9.

QF'ie *erinner" NiK* nie" de >oorden Gan MarKus An"onius $i) HesarAs (i)k4 in die
onoGer"ro//en "oes#raak o# *e" Yoru7 "e Ro7e.
FEn doo#"en doeken in Ni)n *ei(ig $(oed4
Ja4 s7eek"en "er gedaK*"enis o7 een *aar4
En noe7den A" s"erGend in *un (aa"s"e >i(4
En (ie"en A"4 ais een kos"eii)ke er/enis4
Hun kroos" en nakroos" na. F
'.A. Gan :oudoeGer dan H. H. Ien"graa/4 Su7a"raan")es4 on 163. N)o% na keu*
sa(6nan ni$ak s)air n)ang asai da(a7 $asa Inggr6* keunarang 'i((ia7
S*akes#eare.
FAnd "*eE >ou(d go and kiss dead HeasarAs >ounds
And di# "*eir na#kins in *is saKred $(ood@
Mea4 $eg a *air o/ *i7 /or 7e7orE
And dEing4 7en"ion i" >i"*in "*eir >i((
-eVuea"*ing i" as a riK* (egaKE
Un"o "*eir issue. F
Ju(ius Heasar4 AK" III4 SKene II.
93
Ko(one( SK*7id"4 ko7andan "eun"ra -eu(anda di Tangs6 $ak >a"+% n)an4 ka d)i"u(6*
(ag+% n)o%.
F#eu% aki$a" #o(i"6k ni$ak #eur"eu7#0ran keuneu(eu%* B:unong
A(i7onC n)o% na keu* ra)a "*a" dan 7an"ong go* (o7 6k "a #eugo"
keunira@ "eu"a#i n)ang ka "rang4 Tengku T)*ik Ma)6" n)ang geu#eunan
(6 ureu%ng A")+* Tang(0ng nanggro% *ana 7ungk6n na so% gan"o%
deungon #eungar0* n)ang sa$an.... D)ino% $u%" n)o% ka "rang "*a"4
#aneuk4 dan "eugai*.
Tengku di Tiro n)ang keneu(eu%*?keuneu(*eu%* ka 7a"6 7eugu(6
da(a7 7ideu%n #rang... "eu"a#i n)o% d)ino% ka d)eu%" keu sa$o*
#eu7andangan keuneu(eu%* ni$ak dra7a A")+*4 n)ang d)ino%4
sigo"reuk4 *and)eu%" (6 go$ #eu7eu6n deungon ")ara n)ang (a6n
ni$ak n)an.
FT)i" ka ra$ $an #*0n "*a" 7u(ai #rang4 Tengku?Tengku di Tiro ka
geudong dikeu% si$ago% #eu7i7#in #a*(a>an ra)a (a>an geu"an)o%
B-eu(andaC??keu go$n)an dan keu ureu%ng?ureu%ng geu*4 *ana (a6n
n)ang geu#andang #a"0"4 (a6n ni$ak 7eunang4 a"a>a 7a"6 s)a*id.
F!eukara 7eunang4 ka deu* "eu"0#4 *ana 7ungk6n geu"eu7eung4
"eu"a#i $a* "*a" #i* 7eunan4 go$n)an geu7eudong #euno* (ag+%
#a*(a>an $ansa@ $a* "*a" #i* 7eunan4 d)eu%$?d)eu%$ Teungku di
Tiro *an geuakui dan *an geu#eu$euna keu7ungk6nan n)ang (a6n
ni$ak 7a"6. Q
Meunankeu*4 #eu7i#in?#eu7i7#in A")+* n)ang 7a" "angg0ng d)a>eu%$ $ak
#eu"*eun keu7eurd6*kaan nanggro% A")+* n)o% ka geu#eu(eu7a* $ak seud)ara*
d0n)a4 7anga" "a deungo (6 geu"an)o%

QF'a" *e" #o(i"ieke geGo(g Gan deNe (aa"s"e oGerGa((ing Nai Ni)n4 is nog nie" "e
oGerNien4 7aar *e" GerGangen Gan Tgk. T)*iA Ma)6"4 door de A")e*ers genoe7d
de FTang(0ng Nanggro%F B8an"aarn des (andsC4 door ie7and Gan ge(i)ken
inG(oed is nie" 7oge(i)k.... He" s"aa" er *ee( kor" en *ee( Nake(i)k. de (aa"s"
oGerge$(eGene der Tiro Teungkoes sneuGe("...en *e" is "oK* *e" s(o"s"uk Gan
een A")e*?dra7a4 da" nu een7aa( nie" anders kon >orden ges#ee(d.
F5ri)>e( Gana/ den aanGang Gan *e" GerNe" *e$$en de Tiro Teungkoes daar$i)
de ro( der groo"e en Gooraans"aande onGerNoen(i)ken ges#ee(d??Goor *en en de
*unnen $es"ond geen andere 7oge(i)k*eid dan de oGer>inning o/ *e" einde a(s
s)a*id.
FDie oGer>inning >as ui"ges(o"en4 on$ereik$aar]desondanks *ie(den Ni) Go(
a(s *eiden4 desondanks erkende een Tiro Tengkoe geen andere 7ogeii)k*eid
dan de dood. F H.J.SK*7id" en M. H. du Hroo4 MareK*aussee in A")e*4 0n 1164
169.
9&
keu"ur0nan A")+* di7asa ukeu%. $a*>a keu7eurd6*kaan $ansa dan nanggro%
A")+* n)o% na (eu$+* "*a" #eun"6ng ni$ak n)a>ong sidro%?dro% ureu%ng A")+*4 $0*
ureu%ng u(+%4 $0* ureu%ng iku4 $0* "eun"ra4 $0* #ang(i7a. Ka geu #eu(eu7a*4
7a"6 $ak #eu"*eun *ak $ansa dan nanggro% dro%"eu* n)o% na (eu$+* d)ro* ni$ak
*ud6# si$ago% $ansa (a7i%" di7i)u$ d)ad)a*an $ansa (a6n n)ang "euka. Ka
geu#eu(eu7a* deungon $u%" I6 6nda"u geu"an)o% 4 go$n)an sa$6 keu7ai* deungon
#eudeu%ng $ak d)aro%4 rin")0ng $ak keui%ng4 $eud6 $ak $a*04 $ak geu7a"6
#eu(ind0ng "ano* 7u(ia #usaka n)o% ni$ak r*0" da(a7 d)aro% 7us0* (akna" n)ang
"euka. N)o% keu* )u7 7eurd6*ka dan *areuga 7u(ia4 n)ang 6nda"u geu"an)o% sa$6
keu7ai* "*a" $ak geu$a)eu%. N)o% keu* #a" asai?usui4 neudu%k keu$eusaran dan
keu7u(iaan $ansa dan nanggro% A")+* n)o% da(a7 d0n)a. -ansa n)ang *an "67
#eu$u%" (ag+% n)o% keu7eung d)eu%" keu $ansa (a7i%" go$ da(a7 d0n)a.
'a"+% I*eu%* s)a*id Teungku T)*ik Ma)6" di Tiro4 ka>07 #eurd)uangan A")+*
geu#i(6* Teungku T)*ik Maa" di Tiro4 aneuk Teungku T)*ik di Tiro Mu*a77ad A7in
n)ang reu$a* di Ku"a Aneuk :a(0ng $ak "*0n 18964 si$ago% !ang(i7a !rang dan
'a(i nanggro% A")+*. -a* "*a" #i* dro% neu* n)an 7an"ong 7uda "*a"4 $ar0 u7u 16
"*0n4 "eu"a#i ureu%ng 7uda A")+* n)o%4 n)ang (a*6 dan ra)ek da(a7 7ideu%n #rang4
ka geu#eusa7#0rna $u%" n)ang ka geu#eu")a)a I6 $ansa $ak go$n)an deungon
keu7u(iaan n)ang *ana "ara.
-ak >a"+% -eu(anda d)ideungo Teungku T)*ik Ma)6" ka neugan"o% I6
Teungku T)*ik Maa"4 dan #rang 7an"ong ")i" *ana *a$6* (ag+% #*0n d)isangka I6
-eu(anda4 $u%" n)ang #*0n "*a" d)i#eu(aku *ana (a6n ni$ak d)i0sa*a "eu7a su#a)a
dro% neu* n)an geu"e7 #i)0* 7u#rang dan d)ak 7eun)eura* $ak -eu(anda.
D)i7eud)and)i (6 -eu(anda4 7eun)o Teungku T)*ik Maa" geu"67 7eun)eura* akan
d)i#eu"i7ang go$n)an deungon 7u(ia "*a". D)i#ik6 I6 -eu(anda4 aneuk 7uda (ag+%
Teungku T)*ik Maa" "eun"+% (eu$+* 7uda* $ak d)i#adan 7eun)eura* ni$ak ureu%ng
n)ang (eu$+* "u*a. Meunan")i"4 d)i#euga* I6 -eu(anda4 $u%" d)i* 7i"a da7+ deungon
Teungku T)*ik Maa" n)an4 (a6n ni$ak keureuna keu#eun"6ngan #o(i"6k #i* na
keureuna rasa keu7anusiaan4 sa$a$4 (ag+% k*eun d)i*.
FDara* /a7i(i Tiro ka Ie "*a" r*0@ kri ureu%ng n)an $andu7 7a"6
da(a7 7ideu%n #rang nakeu* deungon *ana 7euAai* sagai4 *ingga
SK*7id" Bko7andan -eu(andaC d)ikeu7eung ")i #euseu(a7a"
n)a>ong aneuk 7uda n)ang $ar0 16 "*0n u7u n)an. -u%" n)o% kon
7uda*. si#*eu%" n)ang kreu%* "*a" ni$ak ureu%ng n)an *ana "inggai
"eu7#a" $ak d)eu%" 7euda7+. Meun)o "a kir67 sura" keu ureu%ng
n)an "a #euga* "a d)a7in keu seu(a7a"an go$n)an4 dan "a 7eud)and)i
"a#eu"i7ang go$n)an deungon 7u(ia (ag+% neudu%k go$n)an da(a7
7as)araka" A")+*4 asai geu"+7 7eun)eura*4 geu"an)o% *an"o7 na "a
"euri7ong d)euna>eu%$4 dan keuneu(eu%* sura"?sura" n)an "a
"eu7eung $ak 7an)+" ureu%ng n)an. -a* "*a" #eu% *as64

99
*and)eu%" *an "a ")u$a ")i sigo "reuk@ geu"an)o% #i* "a*e "eu* dan
keunong #eungar0* u(+* keu$euranian dan keukua"an n)ang *ana
$a"ai* ni$ak 7us0* n)o%4 dan "a #ik6 #eu% n)ang ka "eud)adi ka s6$4
(eu$+* ni$ak s6$. FQ
Teu"a#i Teungku T)*ik Maa" geu"u(ak $andu7 0sa*a -eu(anda n)an4 dan
geu$ri d)euna>eu%$4 go$n)an deungon "eun"ra A")+* n)ang 7an"ong "inggai akan
geusa7$0ng #rang #eu"*eun d+%(a" Nanggro% A")+* "r0kAan 7eunang a"a>a "r0kAan
7a"6@ go$n)an *an geu"67 #eu(6n "ang(0ng n)ang geu"o" (6 6nda"u n)ang ka *u $an
sa$o* d0n)a@ (ag+% $ansa A")+* keu"ur0nan n)ang ka u (ik0"4 ka geu#i(6* 7a"6
su#a)a $ansa dan Nanggro% A")+* n)o% "eu"a# *ud6# 7u(ia4 keu"ur0nan n)ang 7uda
n)o% #i* *ana kureu%ng $eu*04 *ana kureu%ng seu"ia4 #i* sa$6 keu7ai* $ak $ri
d)a>ong $ak #eu"*eun aga7a dan $ansa.
Teungku T)*ik Maa" di Tiro reu$a* da(a7 7ideu%n #rang di A(u% -*0" da(a7
g(6 Tangs64 $ak uro% 9 $u(eu%n D6s+7$+r4 1911. 'a(i Nanggro% A")+* n)ang
keuneu(eu%* n)o%4 ureu%ng 7uda $a(ia n)ang $ar0 u7u 16 "*0n n)an4 n)ang *ana
7eu geu"eu7eung *ud6# (o74 geu "ukri 7a"6 (ag+% #a*(a>an $ansa. -ak >a"+%
#ang(i7a "eun"ra -eu(anda da(a7 #rang n)an B H. J.SK*rnid"C d)ika(on 7an)+" 7uda
$a(ia n)an ka 7eugu(64 deungon dara*geu* r*0 #eu$asa* $u7o% A")+* n)o%4
d)i#euga* #eu% n)ang d)ika(on4 (ag+% n)o%.
FTeungku Maa" na sidro% aneuk 7uda n)ang #u"+* "*a" ku(+" dan
d)ro* "*a" ru#a 7uda $angsa>an@ go$n)an geu ngui si(u>eue *i"a7
7eukasa# #irak4 $ad)e% k0" *i"a7 deungon aneuk $ad)+% 7eu*.
Tangku(0k su"ra 7ira* 7an"ong $ak u(+% geu*4 dan d)aro% uneun
go$n)an 7an"ong 7eureuga7 7euseu"0i4 $a* "*a" #i* go$n)an ka
7a"6.

QFEr >as N^^Gee( $(oed der Tiro?/a7i(ie Gergo"en4 de 7e"*odiek der ui"roeiing
deaser 7annen >as Noo on$ar7*ar"ig4 da" SK*7id" nog eene (aa"s"e #oging
>i(de >agen ona a("*ans deNen Nes"ien)arigen )ongen "e redden. Di" >as nie"
Noo ge7akke(i)k@ de onGerNoen(i)k*eid deNer 7annen >as a(s een *arnas da"
geen enke(e #oging "o" een Ko7#ro7is door(ie". En a(s 7en *un een $rie/ Nond
>aarin (i)/s$e*oud en eene $e*ande(ing oGereenko7s"ig *un s"and >erd
"oegeNegd4 kreeg 7en geen an">oord en Gond (a"er den $rie/ o# *un (i)k. ToK*
7oes" nog eene #oging >orden ge>aagd@ de 7oed en on$egrensde
s"andGas"ig*eid deNer Gi)anden i7#oneerden ook ons4 en 7en daK*" da" *e"
nu genoeg >as4 7eer dan genoeg. F H. H. Ien"graa/4 A")+*. 0n 91.


91
FSineuk aneuk $eud6 keunong $ak d)an"0ng geu*4 $eus0"4 dan
deungon aneuk 7a"a geu* n)ang ka *an")0 n)an sang?sang go$n)an
7an"ong geu#andang (ang+" n)ang 7eurd6*ka4 dia"eu%*.... SK*7id"
dan "eun"ra d)i* $andu7 "eudong4 seunga$4 d)i#andang deungon
#euno* rasa *oreu7a" $ak 7an)+" Aaneuk "uA n)ang $eu"0i "*a" n)an4
sidro% ureu%ng 7uda A")+* n)ang $euna "*a" ni%"4 (ag+% Ie "*a"
ureu%ng 7uda A")+* n)ang (a6n4 n)ang keu go$n)an $andu7 #i*
7eu>o% *oreu7a" dan #ud)o% ni$ak #i*ak n)ang 7eunang #rang. FQ
N)o%keu* #eu7andangan n)ang keuneu(eu%*4 keud)adian n)ang deungon
ras7i #eu"a7a"@ #rang A")+* deungon -eu(anda. n)o%keu* sa$o* "ragedi
keu$angsaan A")+* n)ang $ak >a"+% n)an ")i" na sa$o* dra7a keu$eusaran $ansa
n)ang *ana "ara. n)o%keu* sa$o* keud)adian n)ang #euno* is)ara*4 #euno*
si7$o(is7e4 n)ang $ri sa$o* K*u(asa* n)ang sa7#0rna "*a" dan ")eudai* "*a" keu
geu"an)o% $ansa A")+* da(a7 #rang deungon -eu(anda4 sa$o* K*u(asa* n)ang
da(a7 sik(6# 7a"a #eusa#a" #eu% n)ang d)ro* ni$ak geu"an)o% A")+* si$ago% sa$o*
$ansa $ak sidro% ureu%ng 7uda $a(ia4 n)ang d)ro* "*a" ru#a4 n)ang dong dikeu%
si$ago% si7$0( $ansa4 $ak >a"+% nanggro% da(a7 $a)a. -ak aneuk 7uda A")+*
n)o% ka 7eusa#a" $andu7 anasir keu$eusaran4 keu$euranian4 keuseu"iaan4
"angg0ng d)a>eu%$ dan #eungor$anan4 *ana (o7 7eugeu"eu7eung *ud6#4 "eu"a#i
geu"ukri 7a"6 deungon keu7u(iaan n)ang s6# keu geu"an)o% $andu7 $an sa$o*
$ansa. N)o%keu* sa$o* si7$0( *erois7e n)ang *ana "eu(adan da(a7 seud)ara*
d0n)a. N)o%keu* ru#a karak"er A")+* n)ang sa7#0rnaZ



QFTengku Maa" >as een Gri) $(anke )onge 7an 7e" Goornaa7 ui"er(i)k@ *i) dro%g
een N>ar"e4 7e" Ni(Ger $es"ik"e $roek en een N>ar" $aad)e 7e" gouden
knoo#en. ;7 Ni)n *oo/d *ing de roodNi)den *oo/ddoek4 en Ni)n reK*"er*and
*ie(d nog in den dood de reGo(Ger Gas". E6n der sK*o"en *ad *e7 in *e" *ar"
ge"ro//en4 en *e" >as a(so/ Ni)n ge$roken oogen nog s"aarden naar de Gri)e
(uK*"4 $oGen *e7 .... SK*7id" en Ni)n 7annen s"onden een 7o7en" in
eer$iedig N>i)gen $i) *e" (i)k Gan den ANoon Gan Ni)n GaderA4 een reK*"geaard
A")e*ers Nooa(s de Ge(e anderen4 naar >ie ook de *u(de en $e>ondering der
oGer>innaars ui"gaan. F H. H. Ien"graa/4 A")+*4 0n 9&.





96
Dua #eungarang -eu(anda kad)i6ksaksi #eukara n)o% >a"+% d)i"u(6*.
FRi>a)a" 7a"6 Teungku T)*ik di Tiro n)ang keuneu(eu%* geu$ri $a*an
keu sa$o* ro7an seud)ara*@ 7eunankeu*4 ka "eu"ano7 da(a7
ri>a)a" !rang A")+* $a*an?$a*an keu sa$o* seud)ara*
keu#a*(a>anan n)ang (eu#a* "*a" ra)a4 dan (eu#a* "*a" k*a4 dan
du7nan ka)a *ingga *ana (a6n (ag+% n)an n)ang $ri keu$anggan dan
keu$eusaran keu sa$o*?sa$o* $ansa.FQ
-eu(anda d)ikira ak*6 #rang A")+* deungon d)i* $ak uro% 7a"6 Teungku T)*ik
Maa" di Tiro4 $a* "*a" #i* n)ang u$6 $u%" #rang u$i"?$i" sa$6 "eud)adi disino%?sid6*
*an"o7 #u"0* $an sa$o* nanggro% A")+* "r0kAan -eu(anda >+*. Teu"a#i deungon
s)a*id Teungku T)*ik Maa" di Tiro 7aka !eu7eurin"a* A")+* n)ang 7eua"04 n)ang
geu#eudong keudro% (6 $ansa A")+* deungon *ana d)a7#u d)aro% $ansa (u>a dan
n)ang ka 7eu sa7$0ng?sa7$0ng 7euri$+% "*0n da(a7 seud)ara* geu"an)o%4 ka
#u"0i* sia"4 dan 7u(ai $ak >a"+% n)an 7aka d+%(a" Nanggro% dan $ansa geu"an)o%
7eu>o% "eu7a $ak d)aro% geu"an)o% $ansa A")+* $andu7 "r0kAan sa$o* 7asa u
keu% $ak >a"+% geu"an)o% "a #eudong keu(ai sa$o* !eu7eurin"a* Nanggro% A")+*
n)ang 7eurd6*ka dan 7eud+%(a" (ag+% sa$6 d)a7eunkon.
D)adi "r0kAan *a$6* #eur(a>anan A")+* n)ang 7eu a"04 !eu7eurin"a* A")+*
n)ang sa* *an"o7 geu "+k+n sura" 7eun)eura* keu -eu(anda .Deungon n)o%4
7eunur0" *uk07 in"ernasiona(4 d+%(a" Nanggro% A")+* "eu"a# $ak geu"an)o%4
*an"o7 7eu 7ina* $ak -eu(anda. Dan $ak >a"+% -eu(anda "a (6" "eu7a ni$ak
$u7o% A")+* n)o%4 nanggro% A")+* 7eu>o% keu(ai $ak neudu%k asai (ag+% )0* go*
(o7 #rang4 $ak s"a"us Vuo an"e $e((u74 n)akni $ak neudu%k 7eurd6*ka dan
7eud+%(a" n)ang *and)eu%" go$ ganggu?guga". -eu(anda *ana d)i#eu"a(o geu"an)o%
$ak *uk074 dan *ana d)i#eu"a(0 geu"an)o% da(a7 7ideu%n #rang keu$i"?keu$i"
"r0kAan ak*6. -eu(anda #i* d)i7eungaku #eukara n)o%. 8ag+% k*eun Ien"graa/4
F$ansa A")+* n)an *an sagai geu"67 7eun)eura* $andu7 di7i)u$ #eund)ad)a*an
geu"an)o%. F BFDa" *e" A")e*sK*e Go(k NiK* ni77er ge*ee( Nai neer(eggen $i) onNe
oGer*eersK*ing. FC -ak >a"+% -eu(anda d)i$ri d+%(a" keu D)a>a a"eu%* "ano*
d)ad)a*and)i* FHindia -eu(anda F]n)ang d)inoe ka d)i$a(6k nan d)eu%" keu F!u(o
HinduF a"a>a
F!u(o K(6ngA Bn)o% keu* 7akna (a#*ai FIndonesiaFC??d)i* *ana *ak 7enur0"




QFHe" Ger*aa( Gan de ondergang Gan de (aa"s"e Tiro?oe(a7aAs $ied" de s"o/ Goor
een ro7an4 en No (ig" in de *is"orie Gan de A")e*kri)g *e naa"eriaa( Goor een
e#os4 groo"s4 ge>e(dig4 en N^ o7Gangri)k a(s enig ander da" de "ro"s en de
g(orie Gan een Go(k ui"7aak". F '. A. :oudoeGer dan H. H. Ien"graa/4
Su7a"raan")es4 0n 16,.
9,
*uk07 in"ernasiona( $ak d)id)ak #eudu%k Nanggro% A")+* dan geu"an)o% $ansa
A")+* di7i)u$ $ansa D)a>a. N)ang u$6 $u%" -eu(anda #i* *ana d)i7eukeusud (ag+%
n)an. Meun)o geu"an)o% ka r*0" u 7i)u$ D)a>a >a"+% -eu(anda 7ina*4 n)an
keureuna sa(a* dro%"eu*4 sa$a$ geu"an)o% *ana "a "eu#eu% #eu"*eun *ak
dro%"eu*4 *ana 7u#*07 (6 keu keu#eun"6ngan keu$ansaan dro%"eu*4 dan *ana "a
"eu#eu% (6 *ak seud)ara* dro%"eu*.
!eureu(+% ")i" "a 7eu"euo* disino%4 asai 7euka "a "eu#eu% neudu%k #eukara
d)i*4 #eu% n)ang d)i#eu(aku (6 -eu(anda deungon d)aro%?gaki d)i* di nanggro% A")+*
$ak >a"+% !eu7eurin"a* A")+* n)ang sa* *an geu"67 "+k+n sura" 7eun)eura* $ri
d+%(a" Nanggro% A")+* n)o% keu -eu(anda. D)i#ik6 (6 -eu(anda4 sura" A")+*
7eun)eura* n)an #eureu(+% "*a" keu d)i* 7anga" d)eu%" d)i#eu(eu7a* $ak d0n)a.
Teu"a#i4 #eu7i7#in?#eu7i7#in A")+* n)ang 7a" nanggro% n)o% (a>6" #rang
deungon -eu(anda4 7u(ai ni$ak Su("an Ma*7ud S)a*4 :unan"o% Rad)a Tuanku
Has)674 "r0kAan A(7uda$$ir A(7a(ik Teungku T)*ik di Tiro Mu*a77ad Sa7an4
Teungku T)*ik di Tiro Mu*a77ad A7in4 Teungku T)*ik di Tiro Ma*)eddin4 dan
Teungku T)*ik di Tiro Maa"4 $andu7 *an sagai geu"67 "+k+n sura" A")+*
7eun)eura* n)an. Ti#+% -eu(anda n)ankeu* d)i$i")a* dan d)i$agi?$agi Keurad)aan
A")+* n)o% F?a"eu%* keureu"ai*F?d)eu%" keu 116 $o* Fkeurad)aanF n)ang (u>ai* d)i*
na 7eu#adu7?#adu7 $o* ga7#0ng 7an"ong4 dan #a(ing ra)ek 7eu#adu7?#adu7
$o* 7uki7 dan #euga>+ Keurad)aan A")+* n)ang 7a" ga7#0ng dan 7uki7?7uki7
n)an Bu(+%$a(ang dan keud)ru%nC d)i#eugo" (6 -eu(anda d)eu%" keu Frad)a?rad)aF
ni$ak Fkeurad)aanF #ura?#ura n)an4 7eun)o geu"67 "+k+n sura" 7eun)eura* $ak
-eu(anda. Sura" 7eun)eura* n)o% n)ankeu* n)ang d)i#eunan (6 -eu(anda FKor"e
5erk(aringF4 disinan u(+%$a(ang a"a>a keud)ru%n n)an geu7eungaku 7eun)eura*
$ak -eu(anda4 geu7eungaku -eu(anda 7eud+%(a" a"eu%* nanggro% A")+*4
geu7eungaku $andira -eu(anda si$ago% $and6ra n)ang sa* di Nanggro% A")+*4
geu7eungaku *an4 $ri $eunan"u keu Teun"ra A")+* n)ang 7an"ong "eungo*
7u#rang #eu"*eun d+%(a" nanggro% A")+* ni$ak seurangan -eu(anda4 dan
geu7eungaku 7us0* -eu(anda si$ago% 7us0* u(+%$a(ang n)an ")i". N)o% $andu74
(ag+% ka geu"an)o% "eu#eu%4 nakeu* *ai?*ai n)ang d)i(ak+% (6 -eu(anda $ak Rad)a
A")+* $aro% d)6*4 )0$ #*0n #rang4 n)ang a"ra n)an $andu7 ka geu"u(ak 7eu"a*?
7eu"a* (6 Rad)a dan !eu7eurin"a* Keurad)aan A")+* n)ang sa*4 D)adi keureuna
*ana 7ungk6n d)i"eu7eung sa$o* sura" 7eun)eura* n)ang sa*4 -eu(anda d)i#eugo"
keudro%d)i* 116 $o* sura" 7eu)eura* n)ang *ana sa*4 sang?sang n)ang 7u#rang
deungon d)i* (a>6" n)o% n)ang ka 7u#(o* "*0n n)an kon na sa$o* $ansa A")+* dan
sa$o* Keurad)aan A")+*4 "eu"a#i 116 $o* AA$angsaF dan 116 $o* Fkeurad)aanF (ag+%
I(o"4 8a(a4 8eu#u%ng4 !eureu7eu%4 D)u(0k T)u"4 dan (a6n (ag+% n)an.

Teu"a#i #eu% neuduek FKor"e 5erk(aringF n)an da(a7 *uk07= Da(a7 *uk07
nasiona( nanggro% A")+*4 $u%" "6k6n sura" 7eun)eura* d+%(a" nanggro% dan $ansa
A")+* n)o% n)ang

98
7an"ong "eungo* #eu"*eun dro%4 keu 7us0* n)an4 *ana (a6n ni$ak sa$o* $u%"
K*iana" keu $ansa dan keu nanggro% A")+* n)o%. Da(a7 *uk07 nasiona( $andu7
$ansa?$ansa 7euada$4 $u%" n)ang geu#eu(aku (6 u(+%$a(ang dan keud)ru%n n)an4
*uk07 d)i* #o* 7a"6. Meunan")i" *uk07 nanggro% -eu(anda keudro% d)i*. 8ag+%
geu"an)o% "eu#eu%4 da(a7 !rang d0n)a keu II4 nanggro% -eu(anda d)i")ok (6
D)eureu7an. !o(i"+k #eu")r6?$r6 ureu%ng nanggro%4 (ag+% n)ang d)i#eu(aku I6
-eu(anda a"eu%* geu"an)o% A")+* #i* d)i#eu(aku I6 D)eureu7an a"eu%* $ansa
-eu(anda. !euga>+?#euga>+ keurad)aan -eu(anda n)ang "67 ")07 d)aro%
D)eureu7an d)i#eugo" keu F!eu7eurin"a* -eu(andaF (6 D)eureu7an. Teu"a#i $ak
>a"+% D)eureu7an keuneu(eu%* "a(04 ureu%ng -eu(anda n)ang d)eu%" keu d)aro%?
gaki D)eureu7an $andu7 d)i*uk07 7a"6 (6 $ansa -eu(anda. Meunan")i" di
nanggro%?nanggro% (a6n.
Da(a7 *uk07 in"ernasiona(4 FKor"e 5erk(aringF n)an #i* $u%" n)ang *ana sa*4
sa$a$ n)ang na *ak "+k+n 7eun)eura* a"eu%* nan nanggro% A")+* dan a"eu%* nan
$ansa A")+* *ana (a6n ni$ak !eu7eurin"a* Keurad)aan A")+* n)ang sa*4 n)ang
d)iakui $an sa$o* d0n)a4 n)ang $ak >a"+% n)an 7an"ong "eungo* 7u#rang deungon
-eu(anda. 8o7 #i*4 *an"o7 da(a7 ri>a)a"4 nanggro% dan $angsa A")+* 7eun)eura*
keu 7us0*4 FKeurad)aanF #ura?#ura n)ang di#eugo" I6 -eu(anda da(a7 >i(a)a*
Keurad)aan A")+*4 (ag+% I(o"4 -(u%k4 8ageu%n4 8eu#u%ng4 dan (a6n (ag+% n)an n)ang
"r0kAan 116 $o* n)an4 n)o% $andu7 kon Fkeurad)aanF da(a7 is"i(a* *uk07
in"ernasiona(. FKeurad)aanF #ura?#ura n)o% $andu7 nakeu* #euneugo" -eu(anda
dan 7eugan"ung $ak #eu% n)ang 7eu*eu" d)i*. FKor"e 5erk(aringF a"a>a sura"
7eun)eura* n)ang d)i"+k+n I6 d)aroe?gaki -eu(anda n)an *ana ar"i da(a7 *uk07
in"ernasiona(4 sa$a$ Fkeurad)aanF n)ang "+k+n n)an kon keurad)aan n)ang
7eurd6*ka dan 7eud+%(a" sa* a"eu%* $u7o% A")+* n)o%. Keurad)aan n)ang
7eurd6*ka dan
7eud+%(a" a"eu%* nanggro% A")+* ")i" sa$o* sagai4 n)ankeu* Keurad)aan A")+*
n)ang ka 7euri$+% "*0n go$ "*+% na $an sa$o* d0n)a.









99
1D
5
!RAN: DEUN:;N -EU8ANDA. TARAY KEU 8H<
D6s+7$+r 1911 ? Mar" 1993
Tara/ n)ang keu I*+% ni$ak #rang A")+* deungon -eu(anda 7u(ai $ak >a"+%
I*eu%* reu$a* Teungku T)*ik Maa" di Tiro. -a* "*a" #i* #eur(a>anan n)ang 7eua"0
ka *ana 6k geu#eudong I64 sa$a$ kara$ $andu7 #ang(i7a dan #eu7i7#in ra)ek ka
*a$6* 7a"6 da(a7 #rang4 #eu7i7#in dan #ang(i7a A")+* n)ang 7an"ong "inggai
#adu7?#adu7 dro% "reuk4 *an geu "67 7eun)eura* ")i" dan ge7eudong "r0kAan
ak*64 $ak >a"+% ureu%ng $ako n)an #i* 7eugu(6 da(a7 seu%* #rang. Masa #rang
u$i"?$i" n)o% #i* na sa$o* 7asa n)ang ")eudai* "*a" da(a7 seud)ara* geu"an)o%
$angsa A")+*4 sa$a$ da(a7 #rang n)o% deu* "*a" (eu#a*4 #akri$an $eu*0 dan $ako
ureu%ng ra)ek A")+* "r0kAan "inggai sidro%?dro% geu*4 $0* inong4 $0* aga7. D)eu%#?
d)eu%# 7ideu%n #rang da(a7 "ara/ n)ang keu I*+% n)o%4 kon (6 #rang n)ang
7eusi#*eu%" sind)a"a (a>an sind)a"a4 "eu"a#i nakeu* #rang n)ang 7eusi#*eu%"
#eu(eu7a* $ak 7a"a d0n)a *erois7e $ansa A")+*4 #rang "r0kAan 7a"6 an"ara
sidro%?dro% #ang(i7a dan #eu7i7#in A")+* deungon 7eureu"0*?reu"0* dro% sidadu
-eu(anda4 #rang an"ara sidro% A")+* (a>an sireu"0* -eu(anda. D)eu%#?d)eu%#
#eur"eu7#0ran nakeu* sa$o* dra7a keu$angsaan4 disinan #ang(i7a?#ang(i7a
A")+* ka geu#eu(eu7a* $ak d0n)a4 dan (eu$+* #eun"6ng (o7 $ak aneuk?")u")o4 #akri
$an si#*eu%" #a*(a>an $ansa A")+* $ak >a"+% nanggro% dan $ansa na da(a7 $a)a4
#akri $an geu"uAo* *ud6# dan geu"ukri 7a"6.
Di !as+4 >a"+% I*eu%* s)a*id Teuku T)*ik Tunong n)ang d)i"i7$ak (6
-eu(anda $ak $in+* #asi 8*0k Seu7a>+4 $ak "*0n 19D14 dan T)u" Meu"ia4
#euru7o* dro% neu* n)an4 da(a7 seu%* #rang "*0n 191D4 dan !ang nanggro%4 #i*
da(a7 seu%* #rang "*0n 191D4 #i7#inan #rang r*0" da(a7 d)aro% Teungku di -ara"4
n)ang $a* "*a" #i* "inggai ")i" #adu7 dro%neu* sagai4 "eu"a# ni%" $ak *an
7eun)eura* dan sa7$0ng #rang deungon -eu(anda. -ak si uro%4 da(a7 "*0n 19134
-eu(anda d)i"eu7eung keu#0ng "eu7#a" Teungku di -ara" da(a7 g(6 Keureu"o%.
!akri$an Teungkuneu #eu"i7ang dro%neu* da(a7 >a"+% 7u$a)a n)an ka d)i#euga*
da(a7 $uku -eu(anda u(+* "eun"ra -eu(anda n)ang ka(on4 (ag+% n)o%.
F-a* "*a" #i* #akri $an "eukeud)0" Teungku di -ara" deungon
ureu%ng?ureu%ng go$n)an4 ureu%ng n)an ka $iasa 7u#rang4 da(a7
sik(6# 7a"a ")i" ka(eu%* geu7eukeu7a* (ad)u. Teungku deungon
ureu%ng geu* geu#eugo" #eur"a*anan $ak $a"+% ra)a. !euru7o*
geu* geudong "o% $ak $in+* go$n)an? ?sidro% aneuk inong n)ang
"u(+n ni$ak $angsa #a*(a>an n)o%. Teungku ka keu7ai*
geukeu7eung "i7$ak )0* go* (o7 #ang(i7a -eu(anda Han//
d)i"eu7eung dong. Teungku geu"aka" d)i* dan geu"i7$ak4 "eu"a#i
*ana keunong@
11
7eunan ")i" >a"+% geu"i7$ak sigo "reuk4 #i* *ana keunong. Sang?
sang d)ar07 ")6ng *ud6# go$n)an ka 7eugisa u "eungo* "eu7a4 )0*
go* (o7 go$n)an seunga$ *ana 7eugrak (6. >a"+% I*eu%* n)an4
Teungku d)i"i7$ak I6 Han//4 "eu"a#i *ana keunong ")i". Sang?sang na
"ar0* a"eu%* u(+% ureu%ng n)an dua. -ak >a"+% n)an Teungku
d)i"i7$ak (6 sidro% sidadu (a6*4 keunong $ak d)aro% uneun geu*4
*and d)eu%" 7eugrak (64 "eu"a#i Teungku geu$ri (ad)u $eud6 go$n)an
keu #euru7o* geu*4 dan deungon d)aro% >i% n)ang 7an"ong *ana
"eu#+*4 geureuga7 rin")0ng. Teungku N)ak geudong dikeu% (ako%
geu* deungon $eud6 $ak d)aro% 7u#rang (ad)u. Meunankeu*4
#euru7o* 7an"ong geudong dikeu% (ako%4 >a"+% sineuk aneuk
$eud6 keunong $andua go$n)an4 $andua reu$a* 7a"6 disinan.
Teungku 7a"6 (ad)u@ Teungku N)ak geu* geuseu"o" go$n)an
sid)eu%7 >a"+% I*eu%* n)an. n)o%keu* keuneu(eu%* Tengku di -ara"
dan u(a7a?u(a7a (a6n n)ang dong dikeu% 4 n)ang geu#i(6* 7a"64
ni$ak d)ak 7eun)eura*.
F!akri $an d)ro* reu$a* ureu%ng n)an $andu7...#eu% na sa$o*
$ansa a"eu%* r*u%ng d0n)a n)o% n)ang *and)i"u(6* ri>a)a" 7a"6
#a*(a>an?#a*(a>an n)o% da(a7 $uku seud)ara*d)i* deungon
keu7u(iaan n)ang (eu#a* "*a" ra)a=Q

QFHoe de sK*rik ook 7oK*" Ii)n ges(agen in den Tengkoe en Ni)n 7ensK*en4 Ni)
>aren aan den kri)g ge>oon en on7idde((i)k #araa". De Tengkoe na7 7e" Ni)n
7annen s"e((ing "ussK*en de groo"e s"eenen4 en direK" e"ond Ni)n Grou>4 een eK*"e
do/K*"er Gan di" GeK*"ersGo(k4 naas" *e7. Hi) >as a( k(aar o7 "e sK*ie"en G^^r Han//
>eer o# de $een >as@ *i) riK*""e o# den sergean" en "rok a/4 doK* ne" sK*o"
>eigerde4 en *e" ">eede ook. DeA>i)Ne Gan Ni)n (eGen *a#erde eGen4 G^^r Ni) Goor
i77er Nou s"i(s"aan. Toen >as de $eur" aan Han//4 en Nie. ook diens eers"e sK*o"
>eigerde. He" >as $i)na a(so/ er een ordee( $oGen *en *ing. In"ussK*en sK*o"en de
andere 7areK*auss6eAs@ een koge( "ro/ den Tengkoe in den reK*"erar7 die s(a#
neerGie(4 doK* *i) ga/ sne( Ni)n kara$i)n oGer aan Ni)n Grou> en *e(d 7e" Ni)n
$ruik$are (inker*andde ren")ong.
Toen k>a7 Ni)n Grou> en #(aa"se NiK* Goor *aar 7an. Ioo s"ond de Grou> G^^r
*aar 7an4 "oen 66n koge( $eiden doode(i)k Ger>onde. Hi) s"ier/ Neer G(ug4 en Ni)
Go(gde *e7 een uur (a"er. Di" >as *e" einde Gan Tengkoe di -ara"4 en Gan de
andere Goorna7e oe(a7aAs in die s"reek4 die As)a*idA GerkoNen $oGen A7+(A.
Ho77e i(s "o7$en" $ien. ... en is er 66n Go(k o# deNe aarde4 da" de ondergang
deNer *eroieke /iguren nie" 7e" die#e Gereering Nou sK*ri)Gen in *e" $oek Ni)ner
*is"orie=F H. H. Ien"graa/4 A")+*4 0n 99?1DD.

13
'a"+% I*eu%* 7a"6 Teungku di -ara" dan Teungku N)ak di -ara"4 #rang
7eu(a>an -eu(anda geusa7$0ng (ad)u I6 Teungku di Ma"a I% Mu*a77ad H*a"i$4
a)a* Teungku N)ak di -ara" dan s)+%dara Teungku di !a)a -ak0ng. Tengku di !a)a
-ak0ng #i* na sidro% #ang(i7a #rang ra)ek4 $a* "*a" #i* dro% neu* n)an ureu%ng
su#o" 7a"a4 dan s)a*id da(a7 ri7$a Keureu"o% $ak "*0n 191D. -ak uro% 16 $u(eu%n
Ju(i4 "*0n 191,4 Teungku di Ma"a I% #i* reu$a*4 7a"6 s)a*id da(a7 u"eu%n
Sa7arki(ang4 d)i"i7$ak I6 Tugi7in4 sidadu (a7i%" D)a>a. Teu"a#i $a* "*a" #i*
Teungku di Ma"a I% ka s)a*id4 #eungik0"?#eungik0" dro% neu* n)an *ana geu #i)0*
$ak geu7u#rang (a>an -eu(anda di nanggro% A")+* n)o%. Ureu%ng n)an
geu#eudong "eu7a "eun"ra Mus(i7in di Sa7arki(ang n)ang 7eus)eu*u n)an4 n)ang
(a>an -eu(anda "r0kAan "*0n 19&,4 di7i)u$ !ang Ak0$. Teungo* A")+* Ti7u *ana
#i)0* #rang n)an4 A")+* Tunong dan A")+* -ara" #i* 7eugrak keu(ai $ak "*0n 1939
"r0kAan "*0n 193, da(a7 #rang (a>an -eu(anda deungon geu#i7#in (6 Teuku T)u"
A(i dan I7u7 Sa$i. -andua #a*(a>an n)o% reu$a* da(a7 7ideu%n #rang Meuga7a"
$ak 31 Mei4 193,.
Keuneu(eu%*4 *ana d)eu%" "a 7eu"euo* #eukara seud)ara* #rang A")+*
deungon -eu(anda deungon *ana "a #eu inga" dan "a #eu7u(ia kur$an n)ang ka
geu$ri $ak #eu"*eun d+%(a" nanggro% A")+* n)o% (6 #eu7i7#in?#eu7i7#in ureu%ng
inong A")+* n)ang sa$6 geudong $ak $in+* ureu%ng aga7 da(a7 d)eu%#?d)eu%#
7ideu%n #rang4 dan reu$a* 7eusigo?sigo deungon (ako% geu* a"a>a sidro% geu*
da(a7 seu%* #rang. Di(ik0" ka geu"an)o% 7eu"euo* #akri $an Teungku N)ak di -ara"
geu7a"6. Meuri$+% ureu%ng inong A")+* n)ang (a6n (ag+% n)an4 n)ang $u%" go$n)an
*ana so% "u(6*4 dan *ana so% "eu#eu%. T)eun"o (a6n ni$ak #a*(a>an ureu%ng inong
A")+* n)o% ka geu$ri (6 !o")u" Meu"ia4 #euru7o* Teuku T)*ik Tunong4 n)ang #i7#in
#rang 7eu "*0n?"*0n di Keureu"o%4 dan reu$a* da(a7 seu%* #rang $ak "*0n 191D4
da(a7 u7u 9D "*0n. D)eura" dro% neu* n)an *ana 7u#a"4 (ag+% sang?sang
neu#euga* $ak geu"an)o%. Fku$u u(0n *ana #eu% 7u#a" "*a" asai na a"eu%* "ano*
A")+* 7u(ia n)o%4 n)ang $andu7 d)eu%$?d)eu%$ sago% *and)eu%" *an "a sa"0* "a
#eu(ara (ag+% (a7#0* d)eura" enda"u $andu7. F Hana (a6n ni$ak nanggro% A")+*
n)o% n)ang d)eu%" keu 7onu7en" #eu inga" #u"ro% $angsa "eu* n)o%.
Meunan")i" T)u" N)ak D*i%n4 #euru7o* Teuku U7a Meu(a$0*4 n)ang 7eu"*0n?
"*0n >a"+% I*eu%* reu$a* (ako% geu*4 geu#i7#in #rang #eu"*eun d+%(a" nanggro%
A")+* n)o%4 *ud6# seungsara da(a7 ri7$a4 keuneu(eu%* sak6" geu* "r0kAan $u"a4
"eu"a#i deungon seu7anga" n)ang kreu%* (ag+% $a"+% kareu%ng "eu7#a" neudu%k
nanggro% A")+* n)o% a"eu%* r*u%ng d0n)a4 n)ang "u7#ang gunong *id)04 n)ang
d)aga nanggro% n)o% ni$ak (*a7 da(a7 (a0" ra)a. K*eun Ien"graa//4 soe n)ang ka(on
#eurd)uangan T)u" N)ak D*i%n d)eu%" geu "aka" keudro% geu* #adu7 na ra)ek
kur$an n)ang ka geu$ri (6 dro% neu* n)an keu #ik6ran keu$angsaan A")+*. BFMen
kan gissen naar de groo""e Gan *e" o//er da" Ni) *aar na"iona(e gedaK*"e $raK*". FC
!ik6ran keu$angsaan A")+* ??na"iona(e gedaK*"e A")+*?? n)o% keu* n)ang ka gado*
$ak keu"ur0nan $ar0 n)ang ka $angai (a>6" n)o%4 n)ang *and)eu%" *an

1&
"a #eugisa keu(ai 7eun)o geu"an)o% *ana keu7eung (*a7 da(a7 d0n)a.
Sa$o* ")eun"o "reuk ni$ak ureu%ng inong A")+*4 n)ang "a "eu#eu% deungon
"eun"+%4 n)ankeu* !o")u" :a7$ang4 aneuk T)u" N)ak Din dan Teuku U7a4
#euru7o* Teungku T)*ik Ma)6" di Tiro4 n)ang 7eu"*0n?"*0n sad)an (ako% da(arn
seu%* #rang #eu"*eun d+%(a" Nanggro% n)o%. Da(a7 #rang :unong A(i7on $ak
"*0n 191D4 dro%neu* n)an reu$a* da(a7 7ideu%n #rang keunong aneuk $eud6
-eu(anda. !eungarang -eu(anda n)ang "eu7eung *a$a #eukara keud)adian n)an
d)i"u(6*.
F-ak u(0n #ik64 *ana sa$o* ")eun"o n)ang (eu$+* #eu>eu%* *a"6
geu"an)o% ni$ak *ai 7a"6 #euru7o* Teungku T)*ik Ma)6" di Tiro4 $ak
"*0n 191D4 n)ang #eu(eu7a* #akri $an ureu%ng inong A")+* da(a7
seu%* #rang4 #akri $an ureu%ng inong A")+* *ana "eu7ak0" dan
geu#andang *ina keu 7us0*4 dan *an geu"6rn sagai 7euda76. -ak
"*0n 19D9 7u(ai "a #rang deungon keu$i"?keu$i" "*a" so%?so% n)ang
7an"ong "inggai ni$ak /a7i(i Teungku di Tiro n)ang 7eus)eu*u n)an4
da(a7 gunong $an si(ingka Tangs6. SK*7id"4 #ang(i7a -eu(anda4
d)i7i"a $eukai* dan d)i#r+* sa$6 (ag+% as+% 7eurusa.
F-ak ak*6 "*0n 191D kara# d)i"eu7eung dro# ureu%ng n)an@ SK*7id"
keu7ai* d)i#rang "eu7#a" ureu%ng n)an #eu"*eun dro%. Teungku
T)*ik Ma)6" di Tiro I*eu%* ni$ak #eurangka# n)an?Fkeu go$n)an n)o%
na #eu#an)ang u7u 7u#adu7?#adu7 uro%?F"eu"a#i #eu? ru7o*
go$n)an4 !o")u" :a7$ang4 r*0" da(a7 d)aro% geu"an)o% (uka#ara*.
:o$n)an d)i"eu7+% >a"+% "eun"ra -eu(anda ka I*eu%* d)i#eug(6*
7ideu%n #rang n)an. :o$n)an geu ngui si(u>eu% *i"a7 dan $ad)+%
*i"a74 7an"ong sidro% ureu%ng inong 7uda4 u7u kira?kira &D "*0n@
go$n)an "eu6* 7eu(in"eu%ng4 #ru%" geu* (uka keunong aneuk $eud64
"eu"a#i $a* "*a" #i* go$n)an da(a7 keuadaan seud6* dan sak6"
n)ang (ag+% n)an4 ru7an 7uka go$n)an "eu"a# #eu(eu7a* so7$ong4
dan $eu*04 *ana "eu7ak0" geu* dan *ana geu#ad0(i keu "eun"ra
-eu(anda $an si(ingka geu*. -a* "*a" #i* #akri $an sak6" n)ang geu
"angg0ng4 go$n)an *ana geu7o%4 dan deungon seunga$ geu#r+*
ad)ai geu* "euka.
FSK*7id" d)id)ak "o% go$n)an d)i$a I%4 dan d)i"an)ong deungon $asa
A")+* n)ang 7eu *oreu7a" "*a"4 7eun)o geu"67 $ri iNin 7anga"
d)i#eureu$an (uka?(uka geu*. -an geudeungo n)an 4 go$n)an geu
#a(6ng 7uka geu* *o (a6n4 dan geud*0" d)i*. F-ek ka7a" k+% 4
ka#*+ ")eu(aka.F :o$n)an geu#i(6* 7a"6 ni$ak geu

19
"euri7ong "u(0ng ni$ak 7us0* n)ang geu ngi%ng (ag+% as+%. Q
!eungarang -eu(anda n)ang *areu"o% keud)adian n)o% d)i"0# *a$a n)an deungon
nari" ureu%ng !euran")is.F$on sang ne #eu" 7en"irF4 ??dara* n)ang d)ro* *ana d)eu%"
d)i7eusa(6"4 ")i" deu* keudro%. So% n)ang na dara* ra)ek4 ")i" geu "ukri 7a"6 (ag+%
ureu%ng ra)ek. N)o%keu* !o")u" Mira* :a7$ang4 aneuk T)u" N)ak D*i%n dan Teuku
U7a4 #euru7o* Teungku T)*ik Ma)6" di Tiro.
N)o% $anduna #eu(eu7a* $ak d0n)a dan $ak geu"an)o% aneuk?")u")o $a*>a
keu7eurd6*kaan dan keu$eusaran $ansa dan nanggro% A")+* n)o% kon na sa$o*
#eukara Fkeu$eu"0(anF 7an"ong4 kon na sa$o* #eukara n)ang 7eugan"ung $ak
keu#eun"6ngan $ansa (a6n4 kon na sa$o* #eukara n)ang 7eugan"ung $ak suasana
d0n)a (u>a dan $ak #eu% n)ang 7eu*eu" $ansa go$ (a6n4 "eu"a#i keu7eurd6*kaan
dan keu$eusaran A")+* na

QFEr is4 ge(oo/ ik4 geen "re//ender Gor$ee(d Gan >a" Ni) in den kri)g kan Ni)n4 Gan
*are /e((e onGerNoen(i)k*eid en 7inaK*"ing Gan den Gi)and4 dan de dood der
Grou> Gan Tengku Ma)e" di Tiro in 191D.
F In 19D9 $egon de sK*er#e )aK*" o# de (aa"s"e (eden der Ger7aarde /a7i(ie Gan
de Tiro?oe(a7aAs in de $ergen rondo7 Tangs6.
F SK*7id" *ad *e" s#oor en *ie(d er aan Gas" a(s een /oO"errier. In *e" (aa"s" Gan
191D *ad *i) de $ende $i)na "e #akken@ *i) oGerGie( *are sK*ui(#(aa"s. Tengkoe
Ma)e" di Tiroon"s#rong nog )uis" den dans??*e" Nou Goor *ern een ui"s"e(
>orden Gan s(eK*"s enke(e dagen??doK* Ni)n Grou> Gie( N>aar ge>orid in onNe
*anden.
F Toen de $rigade *e" "errein *ad geNuiGerd Gond 7en *aar. Ii) >as gek(eed in
N>ar"e #an"a(on en $aad)e4 eene kraK*"ige Grou> Gan een )aar o/ der"ig@ Ni) (ag
o# *aar rug 7e" een sK*o">ond in de $uik4 en Ne(/s in deNe 7is+re $e*ie(d
*aar geNiK*" eene "ro"sK*e a/>i)Ning. ;ndanks de #i)n >e(ke Ni) (eed4 kreunde
Ni) nie"4 en Nonder ge(uid "e geGen >aK*""e Ni) *e" einde a/.
F SK*7id" k>a7 $i) *aar 7e" >a" drinken en Groeg *aar in $e(ee/d A")+*sK*4 o/
Ni) NiK* >i(de (a"en Ger$inden. 'aaro# Ni) *e" *oo/d Gan *e7 a/>endde en
snau>de.F-+k ka 7a" k+%4 ka#*+ ")eu(aka. F FRaak 7i) nie" aan4 7e(aa"sK*e
ka/ir. F Ii) Gerkoos den dood $oGen de *u(# ui" de *anden Gan een ka#*6.
onge(ooGigen $ond. F H.H. Ien"graa//4 A")+*4 0n 6&?69.


11
sa$o* d)a(an *ud6#??Fa >aE o/ (i/eF??ni$ak geu"an)o% $ansa A")+*4 n)ang d)i(6 da(a7
dara* 7a dan ku "eu*4 da(a7 dara* 6nda"u aga7 dan 6nda"u inong4 ni$ak
7euri$+% "*0n n)ang ka u (ik0". N)o%keu* sa$a$ geu"an)o% *ana 6k soP d)ad)a*4
*an "o7 go$ #eu(a7i%" di7asa n)ang ka u (ik0" dan 7eunan")i" *ana $i%k 7anusia
n)ang 6k d)ad)a* geu"an)o% $ak 7asa u keu% 2 >a"+% geu"an)o% ka "a "eu#eu%
dro%"eu*. -a* n)o% d)eu%" keu #eu inga" keu 7us0* di(u>a dan keu 7us0* di
da(a74 #adu7?#adu7 dro% ureu%ng A")+* n)ang #eud)eu%" dro% d)i* keu d)aro%?gaki
$ansa go$ (a6n n)ang d)ak ")u$a d)ad)a* Nanggro% A")+* n)o%Z

!adu7 na -eu(anda 7a"6 da(a7 #rang deungon geu"an)o%= !eukara n)o%
*an"o7 d)i$ri nari" n)ang 7eu "eun"+% (6 -eu(anda. !eukara n)o% d)iso7 "*a" I6 d)i*.
Teu"a#i ni$ak #adu7?#adu7 $o* asai n)ang 7eu "eun"+%4 geu"an)o% ka "a "eu#eu%
(ag+% n)o%. da(a7 "*0n 18,&4 -eu(anda 7a"6 3DDD@ da(a7 "*0n 18,94 da(a7 1
$u(eu%n 7an"ong4 -eu(anda 7a"6 1D13 Bn)o% -eu(anda d)i7eungaku ")i"C@ da(a7
"*0n 18,14 -eu(anda 7a"6 61D, Bn)o% #i* keunira -eu(andaC@ da(a7 "*0n 18,64
-eu(anda 7a"6 ,6DD Bkeunira -eu(andaC@ an"ara "*0n 189D "r0kAan "*0n 19194
-eu(anda 7a"6 ,,D, Bkeunira -eu(andaC. D)adi d)u7(a* 7a"6 d)i* n)ang
d)i7eungaku 7an"ong4 na 394966. Meun)o "a ka(on n)ang 7a"6 da(a7 "*0n 18,6
"r0kAan ,6DD dro% si"*0n4 dan $ak "*0n 18,94 na 1D13 dro%4 7eun)o "a ")ok sa7a
ra"a4 d)eu%" "a k*eun4 -eu(anda na 7a"6 31DD dro% d)eu%#?d)eu%# "*0n@ 7aka
da(a7 #rang n)ang 9D "*0n #*0n4 d)i* na 7a"6 $ak keunira 7eu 1DD4DDD dro%.
Keunira n)o% 7ungk6n "*a" *ana d)eu0* ni$ak n)ang si$eu"0id)i*4 sa$a$ na keunira
go$4
geu"an)o% A")+* 7a"6 31D4DDD dro% da(a7 #rang deungon -e(anda n)an. Kur$an
geu"an)o% (eu$+* Ie4 sa$a$ geu"an)o% kureu%ng u$a" dan kureu%ng sin)a"a.










16
5I
!EU< AKI-AT !RAN: DEUN:;N -EU8ANDA
KEU :EUTANJ;< ATJH
:eu"an)o% A")+* na sa$o* $ansa a"eu%* r*u%ng d0n)a. Sa$o* $ansa *ud6#
sa$64 $a* "*a" #i* ang+%"a sidro%?dro% 7a"6@ sa$o* $ansa "eu"a# (ag+% so"4 $a*
"*a" #i* keu"ur0nan 7eugan"o%?gan"o%@ sa$o* $ansa *ana "u*a4 sa$6 7uda4 $a*
"*a" #i* sidro%?dro% ang+%"a d)eu%" keu "u*a@ sa$a$ n)an geu"an)o% $ansa A")+* $ak
7asa n)o% sa$an ")i" deungon $ansa A")+* $ak 7asa 1DD "*0n a"a>a 1DDD "*0n
n)ang ka u (ik0"4 a"a>a u keue@ enda"u geu"an)o% n)ang ka 7a"6 ka "a gan"o% (6
geu"an)o%@ geu"an)o% akan d)igan"o% (6 aneuk?")u")o n)ang akan (a*64 7eunankeu*
"r0kAan ak*6 d0n)a. Dara* 6nda"u geu"an)o% n)ang ka 7a"6 na d)i(6 da(a7 "u$0*
geu"an)o% n)ang rnan"ong *ud6#@ (ida* geu"an)o% 7ari" $asa n)ang ka
geu#eureuno% I6 go$n)an4 n)ang ")i" 7eu geu"an)o% n)ang "ukri@ ada"4 reusa74
aga7a n)ang a"0 *ud6# geu"an)o%4 7u(ai #*0n $ak >a"+% (a*6 "r0kAan $ak >a"+% "a
"a7ong da(a7 ku$u4 $andu7 "a "euri7ong ni$ak 6nda"u. Hud6# geu"an)o% kon na
sa$o* $u%" keudro%?keudro%4 a"a>a *ai 7as6ng?7as6ng4 "eu"a#i na sa$o* $u%"
7eus)+%dara4 7euka>074 7eu$ansa.
Hud6# geu"an)o% na (ag+% sikr+k "a(o% n)ang 7eusa7$0ng?sa7$0ng4 #eu%
n)ang "a "euri7ong ni$ak 6nda"u "a #eu"r0* keu aneuk?")u")o@ 7as6ng?7as6ng
geu"an)o% *ana u$a* (ag+% si ura" $euneung n)ang #eugo" id)a4 (ag+% sa$o*
g(eu%ng n)ang #eugo" ran"6. nanggro% A")+* n)o% "ano* geu"an)o% $andu74 n)ang
"euri7ong dara* geu"an)o% n)ang r*04 n)ang keu$a* 7an)+" 6nda"u4 7a deungon
ku@ n)ang $ri keu geu"an)o% i% deungon $u@ "eu7#a" geu"an)o% *ud6# deungon
7u(ia dan4 "eu7#a" geu"an)o% 7a"6 deungon 7u(ia4 n)ang "a "euri7ong ni$ak
enda"u4 dan n)ang >ad)6$ "a #u(ang keu aneuk?")u")o4 7eun)o *an 6k (eu$+* d)ro*4
*and)eu%" kureu%ng ni$ak n)ang ka.
D)ino% seu$a")i "a #ar6ksa 7ideu%n #rang n)ang 61 "*0n deungon -eu(anda
n)an@ seu$a")i "a ka(on deungon ")eureu7+n 7a"a seud)ara* dro%"eu*4 #eu% aki$a"
#rang n)an keu geu"an)o% si$ago% sa$o* $ansa4 #eu% na rugo% n)ang *an 6k
7eugan"o%4 #eu% na geu7ado* n)ang *an 6k 7eugisa4 #eu% na (uka n)ang *an 6k
#u(6*4 dan #eu% na #eu(ad)aran keu 7asa u keu% "eu7a.
Aki$a" n)ang "rang "*a" ni$ak #rang deungon -eu(anda n)an4 geu"an)o% ka
gado* keu7eurd6*kaan ka 1, "*0n "r0kAan uro% n)o%. &1 "*0n di7i)u$ -eu(anda
B1911?1993C@ & "*0n di7i)u$ D)eu#ang B1993?1991C@ 3& "*0n di7i)u$ D)a>a B1991?
1968C. :eu"an)o% d)eu%" d)i d)ad)a* (6 D)a>a kon keureuna geu"an)o% na "a(0 #rang
deungon d)i*4 "eu"a#i keureuna geu"an)o% keu7ai* d)i#eungeu" (6 d)i* $ak >a"+%
D)eu#ang "a(0@ ni$ak "a #eu

1,
7eurd6*ka dro% "eu* (ag+% d)a7eunkon4 geu"an)o% ka "a d)ak seu"o" d)i*4 sa$a$
geu"an)o% ka *ana 7u#*07 (6 keu seud)ara* dan keu *ak dro% "eu*. -a* "*a" #i*
7eunan4 n)o% #i* na sa$o* aki$a" ")i" ni$ak #rang deungon -eu(anda n)ang
#eu*a$6* #eu7i7#in?#eu7i7#in geu"an)o% dan n)ang #eu #u"0* "a(o% 7eunu7a"
an"ara geu"an)o% keu"ur0nan $ar0 deungon keu"ur0nan "u*a n)ang sa$6
7eurd6*ka.
Teu"a#i #eu%keu* gado* keu7eurd6*kaan n)ang ka 1, "*0n n)o% sa$o*
geu7ado* n)ang *an 6k 7eugan"o%4 sa$o* rugo% n)ang *an 6k 7eugisa=
geu"an)o% ka "a ka(on #akri $an 7eureu"0* $o* $ansa (a6nn $an sa$o* d0n)a n)ang
ka gado* keu7eurd6*kaan d)i* $ak sa$o*?sa$o* >a"+% n)ang (eu$+* "*a" "r6$
ni$ak geu"an)o%4 "eu"a#i $andu7 ka d)i"eu7eung ")ok keu(ai keu7eurd6*kaan d)i*
n)an. 8ag+% 7iseu% $angsa Ir(anda d)ino% ka 7eurd6*ka keu(ai4 >a"+% I*eu%*
d)id)ad)a* I6 Inggr6* "r0kAan 8DD "*0n. -eu(anda #i* na d)id)ad)a* (6 S#an)o(4 I6
!euran")is4 dan (6 D)eureu7an4 "eu"a#i d)i#eu7eurd6*ka dro%d)i* "eu7a@ !o(and
d)ino% ka 7eurd6*ka keu(ai >a"+% (*eu%* d)i$agi?$agi (6 Rusia4 D)eureu7an dan
Aus"ria "r0k #eu%" go. Meureu"0* $o* ")eun"o (a6n n)ang *ana guna "a 7eu"eu0*
disino%. D)adi ka "rang4 keu7eurd6*kaan A")+* n)ang ka gado* ka 1, "*0n n)o%4 kon
na sa$o* $arang geu7ado* n)ang *an 6k "a#eugisa.
Sa$o* aki$a" "reuk ni$ak #rang deungon -eu(anda n)o%4 n)ankeu* kira?kira
31D4DDD dro% ureu%ng A")+*4 6nda"u geu"an)o%4 inong deungon aga74 ka reu$a*
da(a7 #rang n)an $ak geu#eu"*eun d+%(a" nanggro% dan $angsa A")+* n)o%. N)o%
na sa$o* kur$an n)ang ra)ek "*a"4 keureuna $ansa geu"an)o% $ak >a"+% n)an na ")i"
sa$o* 7i(iun sagai4 d)adi si"eungo* ni$ak ureu%ng aga7 n)ang *ud6# $ak 7asa
n)an ka geu$ri d)a>ong geu* $ak #eu"*eun nanggro% n)o%. Hana (o7 na "a ka(on
sa$o* $ansa (a6n da(a7 seud)ara* d0n)a n)ang d)i"67 $ri du7nan ra)ek kur$an $ak
#eu"*eun keu7u(iaan dro%. Teu"a#i d)ino%4 7eun)o "angi%ng deungon ")eureu7+n
7a"a seud)ara*4 keu"ur0nan A")+* "*0n 18,& n)an4 "eun"+% $ak >a"+% n)o% $andu7
ka geu #eu(ik0" d0n)a4 ka geu"inggai geu"an)o%4 ka >o% $ak Tu*an4 geu#r+*
geu"an)o% da(a7 $u7o% A")+* n)ang 7u(ia n)o%4 $a* "*a" #i* ureu%ng n)an *ana
reu$a* da(a7 #rang. D)adi adak *ana geu7a"6 da(a7 #rang4 keu"ur0nan "*0n 18,&
n)an d)ino% #i* "eun"+% ka 7a"6 ")i"4 keureuna geu"an)o% $andu7 *and)eu%" *an
7a"6 $ak sa$o* uro%. Sa$a$ n)an keu* na sa$o* keu7u(iaan n)ang ra)ek "*a" $eugi
keu"ur0nan "*0n 18,& n)ang ka geu#i(6* 7a"6 $ak #eu$uP" sa$o* $u%" n)ang ra)a
"*a"4 n)ang akan d)i inga" sa$6 I6 aneuk ")u")o "r0kAan ak*6 d0n)a4 ni$ak 7a"6
keudro% da(a7 "ika 6* deungon *ana so% #ad0(i4 dan *ana ar"i sa#eu% keu
seud)ara* $ansa.
8a6n ni$ak n)an4 geu"an)o% A")+* n)ang $ak >a"+% #*0n #rang n)an na keu*
sa$o* 7i(iun4 d)inoe kara# 1DD "*0n I*eu%* n)an ka 7eu "a7a*4 kana kira?kira 9
7i(iun. Keunira n)o% d)eu%" "a #eugo" (ag+% n)o%. 7enur0" Ae(eu7+% de7ogra#*E
18

BAe(eu7+% #eukara ureu%ng aso% nanggro%C d)eu%$?d)eu%$ $ansa da(a7 d0n)a n)o%
d)u7(a* d)i* 7eu(i#a"?ganda "i%#?"i%# 3D "*0n. Meun)o $ak keunira "*0n 19&D4
geu"an)o% A")+* na sa$o* 7i(iun4 7aka $ak "*0n 191D4 geu"an)o% ka na 3 7iiiun.
Dan $ak "*0n 19,D geu"an)o% keu7eung d)eu%" keu 9 7i(iun. D)adi u$+ na 6nda"u
geu"an)o% n)ang ka s)a*id da(a7 #rang n)an ka neu gan"o% (6 Tu*an deungon
geu"an)o% keu"ur0nan $ar0 n)ang 7eu(i#a" ganda. Meunankeu*4 si$ago% sa$o*
$ansa4 s)+%dara geu"an)o% n)ang ka gado* da(a7 #rang n)an ka 7eugan"o%
$andu74 (uka #ara* n)ang #eud6* "*a" n)an ka#u(6*4 dan geu"an)o%a si$ago%
$ansa ka 6k "a $eudo* "eu7a ni$ak #rang n)an4 (eu$+* ra7+4 (eu$6* ra)ek4 (eu$+*
"euga4 dan akan (eu$+* ")arong 7eun)o 6k "a#*a7 *ik7a* #eunga(a7an n)ang ka
ka.
Deungon n)o% ka n)a"a4 #eukara Ie "*a" kur$an n)a>ong n)ang ka geu$ri (6
ureu%ng ")*ik geu"an)o% $ak #eu"*eun keu7eurd6*kaan nanggro% A")+* da(a7
#rang deungon -eu(anda n)an4 *ana d)eu%" keu sa$a$ *an")0 $ansa geu"an)o%.
Da(a7 dua keu"ur0nan 7an"ong4 (uka?(uka n)an ka $6* #u(6* keu(ai dan geu"an)o%
$ansa A")+* d)ino% ka (ag+% $ansa A")+* )o* go*(o7 #rang n)an "eu7a4 $a*kan
#eu%" go 7eu"a7a* ra7+.
Kur$an n)a>ong n)ang ka geu$ri I6 6nda"u geu"an)o% n)an4 kon kur$an n)ang
sia?sia@ n)o% keu* kur$an n)ang #a(6ng ra)ek4 n)ang #euno* deungon keu7u(iaan
dan keu$eusaran n)ang 6k geu$ri I6 sa$o*?sa$o* keu"ur0nan 7anusia keu aneuk?
")u")o. D)areu%ng "*a" da(a7 ri>a)a" $ansa?$ansa da(a7 d0n)a n)o% n)ang 6k $ri
#eungor$anan (ag+% enda"u geu"an)o% n)an. -ak >a"+% $eukai*?$eukai* dan aki$a"
d)as7ani n)ang (a6n ni$ak #rang deungon -eu(anda n)an ka #u(6*4 dan ka "u>o
"eu*4 kur$an n)a>ong n)ang ka geu$ri I6 6nda"u geu"an)o% da(a7 #rang n)an akan
"eu"a# *ud6# sa$6 "r0kAan ak*6 d0n)a4 sa$a$ go$n)an deungon $u%" 7u#a*(a>an
ra)a n)ang ka geu#u$u%" n)an4 ka geu$ri keu geu"an)o% sa$o* /a(sa/a* *ud6# n)ang
")eudai* "*a"4 n)ang sa7#0rna "*a"4 n)ang 7u(ia "*a"4 *ingga keu geu"an)o% $ansa
A")+* *ana #eureu(+% I6 "angi%ng keuno%?keud+* "a 7i"a /a(sa/a* *ud6# n)ang
(eu$+* d)ro* $ak $ansa (a6n a"a>a di nanggro% (a6n4 sa$a$ *ana /a(sa/a* *ud6#
n)ang (eu$+* 7u(ia dan (eu$+* ")eudai* ni$ak #eu% n)ang ka geu"inggai keu
geu"an)o% I6 6nda"u n)an.
Ya(sa/a* *ud6# A")+* n)o% ka geu"inggai keu geu"an)o%4 geu"u(6* deungon
dara* geu* a"eu%* r*u%ng "ano* 7u(ia n)o%4 nau(ai ni$ak $in+* #asi "r0kAan u #u")ak
gunong n)ang 7eusa7#0* a>an. Ya(sa/a* *ud6# n)an *ana (a6n ni$ak n)o%. *ud6#
geu"an)o% $ansa A")+* da(a7 d0n)a n)o% kon asai na *ud6# 7an"ong. geu"an)o%
*and)eu%" *an "a *ud6# deungon 7u(ia. Hud6# 7u(ia 7aknad)i* *ud6# 7eurd6*ka4
kon *ud6# (ag+% (a7i%" $angsa (a6n. Meurd6*ka4 n)ankeu* asai keu7u(iaan4
keu7ak7uran dan keu7ad)uan. Meun)o geu"an)o% $andu7 6k "a#*a7 /a(sa/a*
*ud6# A")+* n)o%4 $ansa geu"an)o% akan seu(a7a" d0n)a ak*ira"4 ra)ek $ak d0n)a4
7u(ia $ak Tu*an@

19
Ya(sa/a* *ud6# A")+* n)o% ka geu#eudong a"eu%* neudu%k Ae(eu7+%
Bra"iona(i"EC4 dan a"eu%* neudu%k keun)a"aan Brea(i"EC4 n)ang 6k ngi%ng #eukara
*ud6# dan 7a"6 n)an (ag+% keuadaan n)ang si$eu"0i d)i*4 deungon *ana #eu
(eu$+*?(eu$+* )u7 *ud6#4 dan deungon *ana #eu(eu$+*?(eu$+* "eu7ak0" keu
7a"6. -ak "a #eu"eun"+% #eu% n)ang #eun"6ng "*a" keu geu"an)o% A")+* da(a7
d0n)a n)o%4 *and)eu%" *an "a #eudu%k 7eurd6*ka geu"an)o% dia"eu%* "*a"4 *ud6#
dan 7a"6 di7i)u$ n)an. Meurd6*ka (eu$+* #eun"6ng ni$ak geu"an)o% ga(ak keu
*ud6#4 dan (eu$+* #eun"6ng ni$ak geu"an)o% "ak0" keu 7a"6. -ak#eu"*eun
dro%"eu* si$ago% $ansa 7eurd6*ka4 $eu "a"67 #eu"ar0* *ud6#4 $eu "a"67 (a>an
7a"6. #eu% (o7 7a"6 n)an na $ak kada Tu*an.
Han geu #eu di(+%4
Han geu #eu dudo%4
A;* "r0* uro%4
Meu*a" 7a"6.
BHika)a" Nasai*0n Rada"C
Aso% ni$ak /a(sa/a* *ud6# 6nda"u geu"an)o% n)an4 *ana (a6n ni$ak (ag+%
aso% /a(sa/a* *ud6# n)ang $eu"0i4 n)ang d)eu%" keu "ud)uan $andu7 #eundid6kan.
geu#eureuno% geu"an)o% $eu 7eukri "a *ud6# dan $eu 7eukri "a7a"6 (ag+% "a
"uAo* *ud6# 7u(ia4 7eunan")i" $eu "a "ukri 7a"6 deungon 7u(ia. -andua #eukara
n)o% sa$o*4 7eusa7$0ng?sa7$0ng4 *ana 7eu ")r6 7eun)o sa$o* reu(o* n)ang
sa$o* "reuk #i* reu(6. :eu"an)o% Han keu7ai* "a *ud6# deungon 7u(ia 7eun)o
"eu7ak0" "eu* $ak "a 7a"6 deungon 7u(ia. :eu"an)o% *an keu7ai* "a *ud6#
deungon 7eurd6*ka 7eun)o "eu7ak0" "eu* $ak "a 7a"6 deungon 7eurd6*ka.
8ag+% k*eun Mon"aigne4 sidro% a*(i /a(sa/a* !euran")is4 FSeu7ik6 #eukara 7a"6 na
keu* (ag+% 7eukeu7ai* keu 7eurd6*ka. Sidro% ureu%ng n)ang ka geu 7eureuno%
#akri $an geu7a"64 go$n)an *ana geu "ukri (6 d)eu%" keu (a7i%" go$. F BF8a
#r676di"a"ion de (a 7or"4 es" un #r6sage de (i$er"6. He(ui Vui a a##ris W 7ourir W
d6sa##ris dA+"re aseerGi. FC
Sa$o* $ansa n)ang *ana d)i"ak0" keu 7a"6 deungon 7u(ia4 *ana so% d)i"ak0"
da(a7 d0n)a n)o%4 dan 7us"a*6 d)eu%" d)id)ad)a* (6 $angsa (a6n n)ang d)ak #eu
ureu%ng ureu%ng dro% u nanggro% n)an. N)o%keu* /a(sa/a* *ud6# #angkai
keu7u(iaan $ansa n)ang 6k d)aga keu7u(iaan geu"an)o% "ur0n?"eu7ur0n4 n)ang ka
geu#eu? (eu7a* (6 6nda"u geu"an)o% deungon $ue" geu*4 n)ang ka geu"u(6*
deungon dara* geu* a"eu%* r*u%ng "ano* 7u(ia n)o%4 n)ang go$ "*+% na $an sa$o*
d0n)a.
Meun)o Sir 'ins"on H*urK*i((4 #eu7i7#in $angsa Inggr6* n)ang 7eus)eu*u
"*a" n)an4 ka geu#i(6* >a"+% $ansa Inggr6* "inggai sidro% dan sang?sang keu7eung
"a(o da(a7 !rang D0n)a keu II si$ago% sa$o* >a"+% n)ang ")eudai* "*a" da(a7
seud)ara* $ansa Inggr6*4 sa$a$ $ak >a"+% (age% n)ankeu* $andu7 seu7anga"
#a*(a>an $ansa Inggr6* d)i#eudeu* $ak d0n)a4 7aka d)eu%" "ak*eun4 7asa 61 "*0n
6nda"u geu"an)o geu7eudong ge7u#rang deungon -eu(anda n)ang #eu(eu7a* $ak
d0n)a4 si#*eu%" #*a(a>an $ansa A")+* n)ang geu"uAo* *ud6# dan geu"ukri 7a"64 na
keu* "*0n?"*0n
6D
n)ang ")eudai* "*a" (eu#a* da(a7 ri>a)a" dan seud)ara* geu"an)o% $ansa A")+*.
Mu(ai ni$ak keu7eunangan geu"an)o% n)ang #eugun")ang d0n)a da(a7 7ideu%n
#rang Kua(a A")+* $ak "*0n 18,& "r0kAan uro% reu$a* Teungku T)*ik Maa" di Tiro
da(a7 #rang A(u% -*0" di Tangs64 $ak "*0n 19114 "r0kAan >a"+% 7eugu(6 Teungku
di -ara" dan Teungku N)ak geu*4 $ak "*0n 19134 geu"an)o% ka "a #eu(eu7a* dro%
"eu* $ak d0n)a (ag+% sa$o* $ansa n)ang "uAo* *ud6# $ak >a"+% 7eunang4 dan "ukri
7a"6 $ak >a"+% "a(04 deungon *ana #eu kureu%ng4 $a*kan #eu"a7a* keu7u(iaan
$ansa.
Sura" *a$a Inggr6*4 T*e 8ondon Ti7es4 uro% 394 $u(eu%n A#ri(4 "*0n 18,&4 $ak
>a"+%Z #*0n #rang deungon -eu(anda4 ka d)i#eugo" ra7a(an (ag+% n)o%.
F-ansa A")+* "eun"+% akan geu #eu(eu7a* $uk"i go$n)an kon na
sa$o* (a>an n)ang d)eu%" go$ #eu*ina. ureu%ng A")+* na sa$o*
$angsa 7en ada$ "*a" ni$ak d)a7eunkon4 n)ang ka $iasa 7u#rang4
na 7eunang4 na "a(04 "eu"a#i $0* 7eunang4 $0* "a(04 *an"o7
deungon *ana keu7u(iaan. . . -ansa A")+* ")i" ka sa$6 7eus)eu*u
"*a" #eukara $eu*0 dan geu"ukri4 #eu"i7ang dro%4 (eu$+* ni$ak
$ansa?$ansa (a6n $andu7 $ansi(ing ka nanggro% A")+* n)an. AAQ
D)ino% seu$a")i "a #ar6ksa "eu7a #eu% aki$a" #rang deungon -eu(anda n)an
a"eu%* "ano* geu"an)o%4 #eu% na "ano* n)ang d)i* #eurusak4 #eu% na kru%ng n)ang
d)i* #eu"*04 #eu% na $(ang n)ang d)i* $o* a"eu%ng4 #eu% na g(6 n)ang d)i* #eureu(64
#eu% na ri7$a n)ang d)i* #eu "u"0ng4 #eu% na gunong n)ang d)i* #(a* dua= d)eu%" "a
k*eun4 aki$a" #rang deungon -eu(anda a"eu%* "ano* geu"an)o% u$i" "*a"4 a"a>a
kara$ (ag+% *ana sa#eu% #i*. N)ang na rusak ")i" 7eu*as6 "ano*4 (ag+% #ad6 n)ang
d)i* ra7#ok4 ru7o* n)ang d)i* "0"4 "eu"a#i n)an $andu7 rid)ang 7eugan"o%4 7eun)o
7an"ong "ano* $(ang4 7eun)o 7an"ong ka)+% da(a7 g(64 a>6 da(a7 ri7$a.
Nanggro% A")+* n)o% na sa$o* nanggro% n)ang ra)a "*a"4 dua go (eu$+* ra)ek ni$ak
nanggro% -eu(anda4 dan 7euri$+% go (eu$e* ")eudai*.
Nanggro% A")+* n)o%4 n)ang 7eu(a$ang gunong 7eusa7#0* a>an4 n)ang
geusi$u deungon 7a"a i%n)ang #eugo"


QFT*e AK*inese.. .are neGer"*e(ess (ike(E "o #roGe...no Kon"e7#"i$(e ene7ies.
T*eE *aGe an anKien" KiGi(iNa"ion ...*aGe Kon"ended >i"* Garious /or"unes4 $u"
no" >i"*ou" dis"inK"ion... T*eE >ere a(>aEs reno>ned /or "*eir Kourage and
KonduK" $eEond a(( o"*er neig*$ouring na"ions. F


61
7euri$+% $o* kru%ng ra)ek deungon u$i"4 deungon "ano* #euno* deungon $(ang4
deungon ri7$a #euno* deungon ka)+%4 nanggro% n)o% na keu* i$ara" sa$o* ku"a
ra)a4 n)ang *ana 7us0* 6k #eugun")ang4 *ana (a>an 6k #eureu(6. :unong
Seu(a>a* n)ang 7eu ")uk+* (ang+"4 :unong -a"+% Meu")i")a n)ang deu* keud6* u
(a0" Hindi4 :unong A(i7on4 :eureudong dan A$0ng?A$0ng4 $andu7 7an"ong
"eudong (ag+% so"@ saksi n)ang seunga$ keu #eurd)uangan dan keu#a*(a>anan
6nda"u geu"an)o% $ak geu #eu"*eun Nanggro% n)o% keu geu"an)o% aneuk?")u")o.
N)o% $andu7 7an"ong (ag+% so"4 (ag+% $ak "*0n 18,&4 >a"+% geu"an)o% 7eunang
a"eu%* -eu(anda@ (ag+% $ak "*0n 16394 $ak >a"+% (skandar Muda geukur0ng
!or"ug+* di Ma(aka@ dan (ag+% 7euri$+% "*0n di(+% ni$ak n)an.
Ni$ak #eu% n)ang ka geu"an)o% 7eu"euo*4 ka "rang "*a" *ana aki$a" #rang
n)an n)ang *ana #u(6*@ *ana geu7ado* n)ang nan 6k 7eugan"o% keu geu"an)o%
$ansa A")+* si$ago% aki$a" ni$ak #rang deungon -eu(anda n)an. Aki$a" n)ang ra)ek
"*a"4 n)ankeu* kur$an n)a>ong 6nda"u da(a7 7ideu%n #rang4 n)an #i* ka
7eugan"o% d)ino% ka #eu%" ganda. -aro% d)6* geu"an)o% sa$o* 7i(iun4 d)ino%
geu"an)o% #eu%" 7i(iun. Aki$a" n)ang (a6n4 n)akni keurusakan a"eue* "ano*
geu"an)o% ")i" $a")u" sagai4 n)an #i* d)ino% ka #u(6* "eu7a. D)ino% "inggai ")i" sa$o*
#eukara "reuk n)ang go* (orn 7eugisa $ak geu"an)o%4 n)ankeu* sa$o* organisasi
geu"an)o% A")+* n)ang sa"o* $ansa dan Nanggro% A")+* n)o% $an n)ang d)ro*
keudro% "eu*4 da(a7 $ideu%ng sosia(4 ekono7i dan #o(i"6k@ deungon nari" (a6n4
n)ang go* (o7 7eugisa d)ino% a"a>a "r0kAan uro% n)o%4 n)ankeu* sa$o* -adan
!eu7eurin"a*an Nanggro% A")+* n)ang 7eurd6*ka dan 7eud+%(a" (ag+%
d)a7eunkon "ur0n?"eu7ur0n4 n)ang "a #eu 6k?#eu"r0n keudro% "eu*4 deungon *ana
d)a7#u d)aro% $angsa (u>a. -u%" #euri>ang geu7ado* n)ang go* (o74 7eugisa
n)o%4 na da(a7 d)aro% geu"an)o% keu"ur0nan A")+* n)ang *ud6# $ak 7asa n)o%.
!eukara n)ang go* (o7 7eugisa n)o% d)eu%" "a #euri>ang d)ino% (ad)u4 7eun)o
ge"an)o% ka "a 7eu sa#eu% k*eun (ag+% aneuk 6nda"u. Masa ka "r0* su#a)a "a ra*
7uka "ano* 7u(ia n)o% ni$ak eun")i" si#eund)ad)a*4 $0* -eu(anda4 $0* D)eu#ang4
$0* D)a>a. Ka "r0* 7asa "a #eugisa d+%(a" $ansa dan $asa dro% "eu* a"eu%* "ano*
#usaka n)o%.
Deungon "a #eu$u%" $u%" n)o%4 $ar0 geu"an)o% ka sa7#0rna "a #eugisa
"eu7a du7#eu% #eu% n)ang ka gado* si$ago% aki$a" #rang deungon -eu(anda4
dan geu"an)o% ka "a ")ok (angka* keu(ai "a gisa $ak neudu%k dro% "eu* n)ang #a"o"4
$ak kursi dro% "eu* (ag+% sa$o* $ansa 7eurd6*ka dan 7u(ia da(a7 d0n)a.
8ag+% geu"an)o% "a "eu#eu%4 $andu7 !eu7eurin"a*an $an sa$o* d0n)a n)o%4
7eugan"ung $ak #eu% n)ang d)i#ike I6 ureu%ng nanggro% "eu7#a" !eu7eurin"a*an
n)an "eudong. Meunan")i"4 !eu7eurin"a*an n)ang 6k "eudong di Nanggro% A")+*
n)o% 7eugan"ung $ak #eu% n)ang "a #ik6 I6 geu"an)o% A")+*. :eu"an)o% n)ang
7eud+%(a" disino%. Hana !eu7eurin"a*an da(a7 d0n)a n)o% n)ang 6k "eudong
deungon keukua"an $eud6 7an"ong4 7eunan ")i" di nanggro% A")+* n)o%. Hana
sa$o* #eu7eurin"a*an n)ang 6k "eudong di

63
sino% 7eusiuro%4 7eun)o geu"an)o% A")+* *an "a "67 deungo d)i*4 #eu%(o7 7eun)o
*an "a "u%ng dan "a (6" d)i*.
Meun)o geu"an)o% $ansa A")+* ka inseu%* keu dro%"eu*4 ka "angi%ng dro%
"eu* keu(ai (ag+% sa$o* $ansa n)ang 7u(ia4 (ag+% 6nda"u "eu*4 dan ka "a inseu%*
keu /a(sa/a* *ud6# n)ang ka geu"inggai (6 ureu%ng ")*ik "eu*4 7aka geu"an)o%
*and)eu%" *an "a 7eusa$o*.
-ak du%k4
-ak dong4
Sa#eu% #aka"4
Sang sineusa$ 7eu ado% a.
BHika)a" :ad)a* Tud)0* U(+%C
Hud6# $ak sar64
Ma"6 $ak sad)an4
Sikr+k ga#$an4
Sa$o* keureunda.
BHika)a" T)in"a$0*anC
Meun)o geu"an)o% ka sa#eu% k*eun (age+% n)an4 7aka keu7u(iaan dan
keu7eurd6*kaan A")+* 6k "a #en>o% (ag+% so" "eu7a da(a7 >a"+% 39 d)eu%7
ni$ak d)aro%= D)a>a deungon d)aro%?gaki d)i* n)ang d)ak #eu ureu%ng?ureu%ng
dro% d)ak #eurin"a* geu"an)o% di nanggro% A")+* n)o%.
D)a>a 7us"a*6 6k d)id)ad)a* geu"an)o%4 7eun)o geu"an)o% *an "a "e7 d)eu%"
keu (a7i%" d)i* -eu(anda 6k d)i7u#rang deungon geu"an)o% 61 "*0n4 sa$a$
keurad)aan -eu(anda $ak >a"+% n)an na sa$o* keurad)aan n)ang #a(6ng "euga
da(a7 d0n)a. D)i* #a(6ng ka)a4 ar7ada d)i* #a(6ng ra)a4 (eu$+* ra)a ni$ak ar7ada
!or"ug6*4 !euran")is4 S#an)o( a"a>a Inggr6*. -a* "*a" #i* 7eunan4 d)i* *an ")i" 6k
d)i#eu"a(% geu"an)o% keu$i"?keu$i". D)ino%4 7eun)o d)a>a d)ikeu7eung #eu (a7i%"
genan)o%4 u$6 na "eunaga d)i*= D)a>a na sa$o* $ansa n)ang gasi%n "*a"@ d)i* kon
na (eu$+* ")arong ni$ak geu"an)o%@ d)i* *an"o7 na seud)ara* 7i(i"+@ sind)a"a n)ang
na $ak d)i* d)ino%4 n)an $andu7 kon na d)eu%" d)i #eugo" keudro% d)i*4 a"a>a 6k
d)i$(o%4 "eu"a#i a"ra go$ $ri4 geu7ad+ keno%?keud6*4 a"a>a 7eu*u"ang >ie?uneun.
D)ino% ka *an 6k d)i$a)eu% *u"ang n)an n)ang go$ "ungg+% $an sa$o* d0n)a.
Nanggro% D)a>a n)an d)i")ok (6 -eu(anda d)a7eun deungon *ana 7u#rang.
D)a>a d)id)ok dro%d)i* 7an"ong. 'a"+% I*eu%* n)an4 #a(o D)a>a n)an 7eu"uka
d)aro% ni$ak #eund)ad)a* -eu(anda keu #eund)ad)a* Inggr6*. Teu7a4 d)i$ri #u(ang
keu(ai (6 Inggr6* keu -eu(anda. -eu(anda d)id)ad)a* D)a>a &1D "*0n . -ak >a"+%
$angsa D)a>a dan nanggro% D)a>a 7eu "uka?"uka d)aro% ni$ak sa$o* #eund)ad)a*
keu #eund)ad)a* n)ang (a6n n)an4 geu"an)o% $ansa A")+* dan nanggro% A")+* "eu"a#
7eurd6*ka sa$6.
Deungon "a #eugisa keu7eurd6*kaan geu"an)o%4 7aka $ar0 aki$a" #rang deungon
-eu(anda ka #u(6n $andu74 du7#eu% n)ang gado* ka 7eugisa4 #eu% n)ang sing+"
ka san"eu"4 #eu% n)ang r*0" ka "a #eu%k "eu7a.
6&
5II
KEUMEURD_HKAAN DAN KEUMAKMURAN
Keu7eurd6*kaan n)ankeu* asai keu7ak7uran . Meun)o Nanggro% geu"an)o%
*ana 7eurd6*ka4 geu"an)o% #i* *ana 7ungk6n 7ak7u. Hud6# sa$o* $ansa n)ang
d)id)ad)a* (6 $ansa (a6n *ana u$a* (ag+% *ud6# sidro% (a7i%" ")i". 8ag+% #eu% na
*areu"a dan 0sa*a sidro% (a7ie" d)i")ok (6 #o d)i*4 7eunan")i" #eu% na *areu"a $ansa
dan *as6 nanggro% n)ang go$ d)ad)a* d)i")ok I6 $ansa n)ang d)ad)a* $ansa dan
nanggro% n)an. -ak >a"+% Nanggro% geu"an)o% keunong d)ad)a* -eu(anda4 *as6
Nanggro% n)o% d)i")ok (6 -eu(anda. D)ino% geu"an)o% ka r*0" da(a7 d)ad)a*an
D)a>a4 *as6 Nanggro% geu"an)o% ka d)i")u% (6 D)a>a. Meun)o di7asa -eu(anda
+kono7i Nanggro% geu"an)o% na (eu$+* go" ni$ak di7asa D)a>a n)o%4 n)an *ana
(a6n ni$ak keureuna $ansa -eu(anda (eu$+* ")arong $ak d)i a"o ekono7i ni$ak
$ansa D)a>a n)ang 7an"ong $angai "*a" n)o%. Ureu%ng D)a>a n)an 7eu nanggro%
dro% d)i* *ana d)i"uAo* a"0 (o74 #akri $an d)i"uAo* a"0 nanggro% geu"an)o%. 8ag+%
n)ang ka "rang "*a" da(a7 7asa 3& "*0n n)ang ka u (ik0" n)o%4 geu"an)o% *ana
#eu% "a *ara# keu 7ak7u Nanggro% "eu* n)o% di7i)u$ D)a>a.
Keu7ak7uran sa$o*?sa$o* nanggro% kon na sa$o* #eukara n)ang "euka
keudro% d)i* deungon *ana so% #eugo". Keu7ak7uran n)an "euka 7eun)o na
sa$o* !eu7eurin"a*an n)ang 7eurd6*ka4 n)ang d)eu%" #eugo" #eu% n)ang
#eureu(+% keu rak)a" deungon *ana so% "*a74 n)ang d)eu%" #eugo" keunira dan
d)eu%" #eu$u%" #eu% n)ang d)ro* keu $angsa deungon *ana #eu% d)ak (ak+% idin
$ak $ansa (a6n4 sa$o* !eu7eurin"a*an n)ang *ana "ud)uan (a6n ni$ak sa"o* $ansa
dro% "eu*4 sa$o* !eu7eurin"a*an n)ang kon go$ #eu6k?#eu"r0n4 n)ang kon
7eu"angg0ng d)a>eu%$ u $(a*d6* (a0".
Meunan")i"4 *ud6# dan keu7ak7uran "i%#?"i%# $ansa $an sa$o* d0n)a n)o%
7eugan"ung $ak "ano* nanggro% d)i* 7as6ng?7as6ng. Keu7ak7uran $ansa?
$ansa kon na r*0" dari (ang+" (ag+% F7anna >assa(>aF4 "eu"a#i 7eugan"ung $ak
#akri $an ")arong sa$o*?sa$o* $ansa $ak d)ia"0 ekono7i d)i*. -ansa? $ansa (%ru#a4
A7erika dan D)eu#ang4 $andu7 7ak7u sa$a$ a>ak n)an $andu7 7eurd6*ka dan
d)i"ukri #eugo" keunira $ak a"0 ekono7id)i*. Menan")i" keu7ak7uran nanggro%
A")+* n)o% 6k "a #eugisa (ag+% d)a7eun )0* go* (o7 #rang deungon -eu(anda4
7eun)o geu"an)o% "a#eugo" keunira n)ang d)ro* dan "a7eusa$o* a"0 "eunaga.
!eu% keunira n)ang *and)eu%" *an "a #eugo"= !*0n "*a"4 geu"an)o% $eu "a "eu#eu%
$a*>a keu7ak7uran geu"an)o% A")+* $andu7 7eugan"ung $ak nanggro% A")+*
n)o%4 dan $ak sar6 keudro%?dro% "eu*. Hana ureu%ng (u>a a"a>a $ansa (a6n n)ang
6k #eu7ak7u nanggro% geu"an)o%. Meun)o go$ did)ak keuno%4
69
n)an "ud)uan d)i* kon d)id)ak "u(0ng geu"an)o%4 "eu"a#i d)id)ak "u(0ng dro% d)i* d)ak
#ad)0* *areu"a geu"an)o%.
N)ang keudua4 geu"an)o% A")6* *and)eu%" *an "a "eu#eu%4 geu"an)o% $andu7
sa$o* nasi$4 #eurango% 7eu na/si?na/si4 #eurango% F#eug(ai* #u")0k dro%F
7an"ong deungon *ana #ik6 keu $ansa "eu* $adu74 *an 7eu*as6 dan *ana
keuneu(eu%*. Hana ureu%ng A")+* n)ang 6k ka)a4 7eun)o $andu7 (a6n gasi%n@
*ana ureu%ng A")+* n)ang 6k seunang sa$64 7eun)o (a6n $andu7 s0sa*@ *ana
ureu%ng A")+* n)ang "eu"a# 7ak7u4 7eun)o (a6n $andu7 *ana 7eu asa# da#u.
N)o% $andu7 ka "eun"+% da(a7 Ae(eu7+% ekono7i. Ureu%ng 7euka" *an 7eu(a$a4
7eun)o ureu%ng nanggro% *ana #+ng deungon 7eu$(o%@ ureu%ng 7eugo%
*and)eu%" 7euAu% 7eun)o kon $an sinaro% "r0n u $(ang $ak sar6@ ureu%ng 7eu
eungk0" *and)eu%" d)ak u (a0" 7eun)o *ana rakan n)ang "ar6k #uka". Meunankeu*4
nasi$ dan *ud6# geu"an)o% A")+* $andu7 7eugan"ung sar6 keudro% "eu*4 $0*
(angs0ng4 $0* *ana (angs0ng4 "eu"a#i keuneu(eu%* 7eusa7$0ng. !eukara n)ang
#eusa$o* nasi$ geu"an)o% $andu7 n)ankeu* n)ang da(a7 Ae(eu7+% #o(i"6k
geu#eunan Fkeu#eun"6ngan $ansaF Bna"iona( in"eres"C So% na $i%k geu"an)o% n)ang
*an d)i7eungaku na $angsa A")+*= Meun)o na sa$o* $ansa A")+*?F(ag+% ka n)a"a
da(a7 seud)ara* geu"an)o% n)ang ka 7euri$+% "*0nF?7aka *and)eu%" *an na sa$o*
Fkeu#eun"6ngan $ansa A")+*F BAK*e*nese na"iona( in"eres"C4 n)ang rneun)o
keu#eun"6ngan n)an *ana "a sa"o*4 a"a>a d)i#eurusak (6 $ansa (a6n4 akan rusak
$andu7 keu #eun"6ngan sidro%?dro% ureu%ng A")+* ")i". Keu#eun"6ngan $ansa
A")+* n)o% n)ankeu* keu7eurd6*kaan A")+* dan keud+%(a"an $ansa A")+* a"eu%*
nanggro% dro%"eu* n)o%.
8ag+% geu"an)o% *an 6k "a #eudong keu7eurd6*kaan A")+* 7eun)o
geu"an)o% *ana sa#eu% #aka"4 7eunan")i" geu"an)o% *an 6k. "a #eudong
keu7ak7uran nanggro% A")+* 7eun)o geu"an)o% 7eu ")r+?$r+. -u%" #eug(a* #u")ok
dro% deungon d)a(an d)ak ")07 d)aro% D)a>a4 (ag+% d)i#eu$ue" I6 #adu7?#adu7
dro% ureu%ng A")+*4 kon na d)eu%" keu #eu7ak7u nanggro% ge$an)o% dan $angsa
geu"an)o%4 "eu"a#i d)eu%" keu sa$a$ 7eu"a7a* ")r6?$r6 geu"an)o% keureuna
ureu%ng n)an ka d)eu%" keu d)aro%?gaki d)a>a $ak d)i d)ad)a* $angsa geu"an)o%
$andu7. -ue" #eu 7ak7u nanggro% "eu* n)o% 6k "a #eudong 7eun)o geu"an)o% "a
"e7 7eusa#eu% #aka" dan "a "67 #ik6 keu ka>07 dan $angsa "eu* $andu7.
:eu"an)o% *and)eu%" *an "a 7eureuno% keu(ai "a seu7ik6 a"eu%* neudu%k
Fkeu#eun"6ngan $ansa A")+*F da(a7 $ideu%ng #o(i"6k4 ekono7i4 ada$4 dan *uko7.
:eu"an)o% *and)eu%" *an "a #eugo" keunira keudro%"eu*4 #akri $an $ak 6k "asa"o*
$ansa A")+* n)o% $andu74 keu"ur0nan d)ino% dan keu"ur0nan u keu%4 n)o%keu*
d)a(an4 "a #eudong keu7ak7uran4 kon
deungon "a #ik6 keu sidro%?dua 7an"ong. -+k sagai "a "u>o4 nasi$ geu"an)o% $an
sa$o* $ansa keuneu(eu%* sa$o*.
Miseu%d)i*4 *and)eu%" *an "a #eugo" keunira4 geu"an)o% $ansa A")+*4 (ag+%
$ansa?$ansa (a6n ")i" da(a7 d0n)a4

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7eu"a7a* 7eu(i#a"?ganda "i%#?"i%# 3D "*0n. Meun)o "a ")ok neudu%k $ak keunira
"*0n 19&D4 geu"an)o% na sa$o* 7i(iun4 7aka $ak "*0n 191D4 geu"an)o% ka na 3
7i(iun@ $ak "*0n 19,D4 keu7eung na 9 7i(iun@ $ak "*0n 199D4 keu7eung na 8
7i(iun@ $ak "*0n 3D1D4 keu7eung na 16 7i(iun@ $ak "*0n 3D&D keu7eung na &3
7i(iun@ $ak "*0n 3D6D4 keu7eung na 69 7i(iun@ dan $ak "*0n 3D,D4 keu7eung na
138 7i(iun. D)adi da(a7 >a"+% 1DD "*0n "reuk??n)o% kon >a"+% n)ang "r6$ "*a" da(a7
*ud6# sa$o* $angsa??geu"an)o% $angsa A")+* keu7eung d)eu%" 138 7i(iun4
seudang "ano* geu"an)o% *ana 7eu"a7a* I6 7eusid)eungkai #i*. Meun)o
geu"an)o% d)ino% 7an"ong 9 7i(iun ka "a rasa a#0*?a#a*4 a(0*?a(a*4 *ana s6#
sa#eu%4 ru7o* "ir6*4 $ad)+% $euka*4 *ana $u%" dan *ana #+ng4 7aka da(a7 >a"+%
1DD "*0n "reuk4 geu"an)o% A")+* keu7eung d)eu%" 1DD go (eu$+* gasi%n4 1DD go
(eu$+* s0sa*4 1DD go (eu$+* 7eu(ara" ??7eun)o *ana keu7ai* "a #eugo"
keu7ad)uan da(a7 $ideu%ng ekono7i d)inoe (ad)u?? sa$a$ $an 138 7i(iun
keu"ur0nan A")+* n)an #a)a* *ud6# dan 7i"a raseuki a"eu%* "ano* n)o% ")i".
N)o% kon #eukara geu"an)o% 7an"ong4 "e"a#i *ai n)ang "eud)adi a"eu%* "i%#?
"i%# $ansa $an sa$o* d0n)a. -ansa go$ $andu7 ka d)i#eugo" keunira #eukara n)o%4
dan ka d)i#eukeu7ai* du7#eu% su#a)a keu"ur0nan d)i* *ana kureu%ng sa#eu% $ak
7asa u keu% "eu7a. N)o% keu* sa$a$ *ana sa$o* $ansa da(a7 d0n)a n)o% n)ang
d)i"67 "euri7ong $ansa (a6n d)ak du%k u nanggro% d)i*4 keureuna $andu7 ureu%ng
#ik6 keu nasi$ aneuk ")u")o dro%. n)o% keu* sa$a$ d)i#eugo" a"0ran i77igrasi4
7anga" d)eu%" d)i "*a7 $ansa (a6n ni$ak "a7ong u nanggro% d)i*. Hana nanggro%
n)ang $ri idin keu $ansa (u>a d)ak 7i"a raseuki di nanggro% d)i*.
Teu"a#i #eu% di geu"an)o% $ansa A")+* na "a #eu keu7ai* nanggro% "eu*
n)o% keu aneuk ")u")o n)ang keuneung "r0* n)an= !eu% na "a 7eukeu7ai* da(a7
$u%" n)o% (ag+% $ansa?$ansa 7eu ada$ (a6n 7eukeu7ai*= !eu% na "a d)aga
Nanggro% #usaka n)o%F?n)ang 6nda"u ka geu#eu"*eun deungon dara* dan n)a>ong
$6k d)i")ok (6 go$= Ni$ak "a #eu(ara "ano* 7u(ia n)o% 7anga" d)eu%" "a #u(ang keu
keu"ur0nan ukeu%4 (ag+% ka "a "euri7ong ni$ak keu"ur0nan n)ang ka u (ik0"4 d)ino%
geu"an)o% "a i%7 dro%4 *ana "a #ad0(i4 >a"+% D)a>a d)i#eu"a7ong 7euri$+%?ri+%
$ansa d)i* d)ak ")ok "ano* geu"an)o% $a*kan u(0n deungo4 na $i%k geu"an)o% n)ang
$an"u D)a>a da(a7 $u%" n)o% *ingga 7eun)o *ai n)o% *ana "a "*a7 d)ino% (ad)u4
da(a7 #adu7?#adu7 "*0n "reuk D)a>a "a7ong n)an ka 6k d)ira7#ai* nanggro%
n)o% ni$ak geu"an)o% n)ang #o. !eu% *ana "a "eu#eu% #o(i"6k D)a>a #eu"a7ong
$angsa d)i* u nanggro% A")+* dan u #u(o?#u(o (a6n4 nakeu* sa$o* #o(i"6k
#eund)ad)a*an n)ang #a(ing 7u$a)a4 n)ang *and)eu%" *an "a "euga* si$ago% $u%"
n)ang *ana *ak dan *ana ad64 sa$a$ D)a>a $ak >a"+% n)o% "eungo* d)ingui
keukuasaan #o(i"6k d)i* 7anga" d)eu%" d)i")ok "ano* #usaka $ansa?$ansa (a6n di
#u(o?#u(o n)o%. !o(i"6k d)ad)a* nanggro% go$ deungon d)a(an #eu"a7ong ureu%ng
d)i* u nanggro% n)an4 (ag+ n)ang "eungo* d)i#eu(aku I6 D)a>a d)ino% geuna#


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geuna# uro%4 nakeu* sa$o* #o(i"6k #eund)ad)a*an n)ang ka d)i #eu(aku I6
nanggro%?nanggro% #eund)ad)a* n)ang (a6n ni$ak d)a7eunkon. 8ag+% ka geu"u(6*
(6 MaK*iaGe((i 9DD "*0n n)ang @ ka u (iko"4 d)a(an n)ang 7anga" "*a" $ak d)ad)a*
nanggro% go$ n)ankeu* deungon d)a(an #eu"a7ong F#eungungsiF u nanggro% n)an.
D)ino%4 7eun)o geu"an)o% "a a"0 nanggro% A")+* n)o% keudro%"eu* deungon
d)ro*4 "a #eusa#a" *as6 (a0"4 dara"4 dan aso% "ano*4 dan "angui *as6 n)an $andu7
$ak "a #eudong ekono7i Nanggro% n)o%4 "a #euna *areuka" keu $andu7 aso%
nanggro%4 "u*a?7uda4 inong?aga74 7aka deungon keuka)aan Nanggro% A")+* n)o%
dan deungon $u%" d)aro% geu"an)o% $andu74 d)eu%" "a #eugo" Nanggro% n)o% keu
sa$o* Nanggro% n)ang 7ak7u "*a". Ni$ak i% kru%ng geu"an)o% n)ang 7euri$+% $o*
n)an4 d)eu%" "a #eugo" "eunaga (is"rik n)ang 6k #eu #eungeu* $an sa$o* nanggro%@
ni$ak "ano* geu"an)o% n)ang #euno* 7in)euk4 7eu*4 "eu7aga4 $euso%4 $a"+%
arang4 dan *areu"a (a6n (o7 n)ang go* (o7 "a #ar6ksa4 d)eu%" "a #eusa#a" #+ng
7euri$+% d)u"a keu #angkai "a #eudong ekono7i nanggro% n)o% 7anga" d)eu%" "a
keu$a* keu aneuk ")u")o.
Teu"a#i du7#eu% $u%" >ad)6$ n)ang d)eu%" keu "angg0ngan geu"an)o%
si$ago% sa$o* $ansa4 $u%" #eu(ara Fkeu#eun"6ngan $angsa A")+*F4 $u%" #eudong
FAK*e*nese na"iona( in"eres"F4 $ue" n)o% $andu7 *and)eu%" "a #eu$u%" 7eun)o
geu"an)o% *ana 7eurd+*ka d)ino%4 #eu% n)ang "a keu7eung #eu$u%" di nanggro%
A")+* n)o% #a)a* "a d)ak (ak+% FidinF $ak D)a>a. Meun)o "a keu7eung #eu "a7ong
#+ng keu #angkai ni$ak A7erika a"a>a (eru#a u nanggro% A")+* n)o%4 #i* #a)a*
"ad)ak (ak+% FidinF $ak D)a>a di(+%4 sang?sang nanggro% A")+* n)o% "ano* d)i* dan
geu"an)o% A")+* (a7ie" d)i*. Meunan")i"4 FidinF n)o% *an d)i$ri 7eun)o *ana deu* (a$a
keu $ansa4 d)i*4 a"a>a 7eun)o d)i#ik6 $u%" n)an d)eu%" #eu ka)a dan #eu"euga
keu(ai geu"an)o% A")+*. D)adi keu#eun"6n gangeu"an)o% $angsa A")+* ka d)i#euduek
di7i)u$ keu#eun"6ngan $ansa D)a>a. #eu% n)ang d)eu%" "a #eugo" di nanggro%
A")+* n)o%4 kon #eu% n)ang d)ro* keu geu"an)o% $ansa A")+*4 "eu"a#i #eu% n)ang
d)ro* $ak d)a7in keu#eun"6ngan $ansa D)a>a 7anga" d)eu%" d)i#eu(eu7o*
geu"an)o% sa$eA. n)o%keu* n)ang geu#eunan FKo(onia(is7F4 a"a>a #eund)ad)a*an4
a"a>a $u%" #eu(a7i%" sa$o*?sa$o* $ansa u(6* sa$o* $ansa (a6n.
:eu"an)o% A")+* n)ang ka 7euri$+% "*0n n)ang ka u (ik0" ka $iasa "a
7eu*u$0ng (angs0ng deungon nanggro%?nanggro% (%ru#a4 d)ino% *and)eu%" "a
7eu*u$0ng (6 7eun)o *ana FidinF D)a>a. Sura"?*a$a Inggr+*4 T*e 8ondon Ti7es4
uro% 39 A#ri(4 18,&4 ka d)i"u(e*. Fureu%ng A")+* 7u(ai d)a7eunkon ")i" ka $iasa "*a"
geu 7eu*u$0ng deungon $ansa?$ansa (%ru#a4 $o* #eukara ur0san 7i(i"e a"a>a
#eukara ur0san da7e. F BFT*eE *aGe $een (ong aKKus"o7ed "o dea(? ings4 $o"*
7i(i"arE and #aKi/iK4 >i"* Euro#eans.FC Teu"a#i d)ino% 7eun)o geu"an)o% "a
keu7eung d)ak u nanggro% (u>a 7an"ong4 ka #a)a* "a (ak6% sura #*ai* ni$ak
D)a>a4 dan *and)eu%" "a d)ak sa*o4 7eun)o *an d)i"67 $ri FidinF (6 d)i*.
6,
N)o% $andu7 na keu* keu*inaan n)ang *ana #a"0" sagai n)ang ka "a "euri7ong (6
geu"an)o% ni$ak D)a>a dan d)aro%?gaki d)i* (a>6" n)o%. N)o% na keu* keu*inaan
n)ang *ana 7ungk6n "a "euri7ong 7eun)o geu"an)o% aneuk 6nda"u4 7eun)o
geu"an)o% "a ngi%ng dro% "eu* (ag+% sa$o* $ansa n)ang 7u(ia4 n)ang "uAo* *ud6#
dan "ukri 7a"6 deungon 7u(ia.
D)adi #eukara keus0sa*an $ansa geu"an)o% da(a7 *ud6# d)ino%4 asai?usui
d)i* na da(a7 $ideu%ng #o(i"6k. :eu"an)o% *an keu7ai* "a #eugo" ekono7i "eu*4
7eun)o go* (o7 "a #eudong *ak *ud6# geu"an)o% da(a7 $ideu%ng #o(i"6k si$ago%
ureu%ng dan $ansa 7eurd6*ka (ag+% d)a7eunkon. Sa$a$ n)an4 keus0sa*an
ekono7i geu"an)o% d)ino% $an sa$o* $ansa dan $an sa$o* nanggro%4 si$eu"oid)i*4
kon na sa$o* keus0sa*an ekono7i n)ang ka #a"0"4 "eu"a#i na sa$o* keus0sa*an
ekono7i n)ang go$ #eusa$a$4 n)ang d)id)ak #eudu%k a"eu%* u(+% geu"an)o% (6
$ansa (a6n4 $aro%d)6* (6 -eu(anda4 d)ino% (6 D)a>a4 n)ang d)ak #eu ureu%ng?
ureu%ng dro% d)ak ")u$a #eu (a7i%" geu"an)o% keuno%. Keus0sa*an n)ang go$
#eugo" n)o% *an gado* )0* go* Io7 "a #eu")rok d)i* ni$ak nanggro% A")+* n)o%.
'a"+% I*eu%* n)an4 $ar0 d)eu%" "a #eudong ekono7i geu"an)o%4 $ar0 6k "a sa"o*
$an sa$o* $ansa dan $an sa$o* nanggro%4 $0* $ak 7asa n)o%4 $0* $ak 7asa u
keu% "r0kAan ak*6 d0n)a.

T)i"ak #*0n. Ne> Mork4 1968
T)i"ak keudua4 :(6 Ma7#r+%4 19,,
T)i"ak keu?(*+%4 S"oKk*o(74 1989

AK*e* ` Su7a"ra Na"iona( 8i$era"ion Yron"
!.;. -;X 1&D4 S?191 D1 N;RS-;R:4 S'EDEN
Te(. a96 81&1 8&8&& YaO. a96 81&1913,1




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