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Code of Medical Ethics
Code of Medical Professionalism
Code of Medical Collegiality

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Medicine is a PROFESSION
Physicians are PROFESSIONALS
PROFESSIO
A public declaration with the force of a promise
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PROFESSIONS
Groups which declare in a public way that their
members promise to act or behave in certain
ways and that the group and the society may
disclipine those who fail to do so
PROFESSIONS
The profession presents itself to society
as a social benefit and society accepts
the profession, expecting it to serve some
important social goal
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PROFESSIONALISM
Subordination of own interest to interest of
patients, adherence to high ethical and moral
standards, respond to social needs, core
humanistic values, accountability, excellence,
commitment to scholarship and reflection

(Swick HM, 2000)
PROFESSIONALISM
Basis of medicines contract with society.
It demands placing the interest of patients
above those of the physician, setting and
maintaining standards of competence and
integrity and providing expert advice to society
on matters of health.

(Van Der Weyden, 2000)
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PROFESSIONALISM
Is not one skill but blending and integration of
a variety of skills. When professionalism is
demonstrated, it tends to be thought of as the
entire package.
PROFESSIONALISM
Is not an easy skill to develop, since it is make-up
of many different skills all mushed together and
tends to take years of experience to perfect.
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PROFESSIONALISM
Is not an inherent right, but is granted by the
society. Its maintenance depends on the publics
belief that professionals are trustworthy.
To remain trustworthy, professionals must meet
the obligations expected by the society

(Cruess, 1997)
PROFESSIONALISM
In this millennium, neither patients nor any
regulatory body will accept the unprofessional
doctor
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DESIRABLE PROFESSIONAL ATTRIBUTES
Humility
Honesty (intellectual and personal)
Responsibility
Reliability
Accountability
Alturism
Respectfulness
Compassion
Sensitivity
Tactfulness
DESIRABLE PROFESSIONAL ATTRIBUTES
A physicians academic accomplishments and
clinical skills are the more impressive when they
are cloaked with graciousness and modesty.
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DESIRABLE PROFESSIONAL ATTRIBUTES
Physicians recognized as professional also are
mature, thoughtful, deliberate and even-tempered.
They also have a sustained commitment to
excellence in clinical care.
TOP 10 EXAMPLES OF UNPROFESSIONAL BEHAVIOR
Intelectual or personal dishonesty
Arrogance and disrespectfulness
Prejudice on the basis of gender, ethnicity, age
or sexual orientation
Abrasive interactions with patients and coworkers
Lack of accountability for medical errors and
administrative oversights
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TOP 10 EXAMPLES OF UNPROFESSIONAL BEHAVIOR
Fiscal irresponsibility
Lack of sustained commitment to self-learning
Lack of due diligence
Personal excesses
Sexual misconduct
CHALLENGES TO PROFESSIONALISM
IN THE CHANGING WORLD
Increasing workload
Work-life imbalance
Patients increasing demands and knowledge
Commercialisation
Financial incentive and increasing
managerial pressure


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CHALLENGES TO PROFESSIONALISM
IN THE CHANGING WORLD
As a result, there is growing :
Conflict between alturism and self-interest
Greed
Arrogance
Misrepresentation
Lack of conscientiousness
Conflict of interest

ASSESSMENT OF PROFESSIONALISM
Is a complex phenomenon

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ASSESSMENT OF PROFESSIONALISM
Good
Satisfactory
Unsatisfactory
Improvement needed
(Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists)

ASSESSMENT OF PROFESSIONALISM
Review of previous clinical cases
Role playing and review of simulated clinical
cases
Three-hundred-sixty-degree evaluations (from
patients, coworkers, peers and instructors)

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ASSESSMENT OF PROFESSIONALISM
Direct observation ( by patients, midwives, nurses and
colleagues) :
consistency in attendance at required conferences
dress
respectfulness in interacting with others
respect for diversity
responses in stressful situations (in outpatient
practices, labor and delivery suites and operating
room)


The requirements for professional behaviour in medicine
are simple :
we must

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we must
be knowledgeable, diligent and responsible

(Patrick Duff, 2004)

we must
strive for excellence in clinical care,
but recognize that absolute perfection
is not possible


(Patrick Duff, 2004)
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we must
embrace humility, seek balance in our lives,
consistently treat others with respects and
compassion, maintain grace and dignity under
fire and ultimately be decent people who
conscientiously always try to do the right thing
(Patrick Duff, 2004)


COLLEGIALITY
Shared power and authority vested among
colleagues
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COLLEGIALITY
Respect for ones colleagues and for their
professional endeavors
COLLEGIALITY
Cooperative interaction between colleagues
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COLLEGIALITY
The relationship between colleagues



Thank You