VT LIU C TH THAY TH HN THE

TRONG SN XUT GI LA, BNH CUN

Cng vi s pht trin i ln ca t nc, mc sng ca ngi dn cng ngy
c nng cao v nhu cu v thc phm t cng c nhiu thay i. Thc phm
khng ch l ngun cung cp nng lng, tc khng ch n no m phi n ngon v b
dng. p ng c nhu cu ca ngi tiu dng hin nay i hi cc nh sn xut
lun quan tm tm kim v s dng cc cht ph gia b sung vo thc phm lm tng
gi tr cm quan v s a dng cho thc phm thu ht ngi tiu dng. Chnh v vic
chy theo li nhun v s thiu hiu bit m mt s nh sn xut s dng nhng
cht ph gia khng nm trong danh mc cho php lm nh hng n sc khe
ngi tiu dng m c bit l tnh hnh s dng hn the lm cht ph gia trong sn
xut gi, ch, bnh cun, bnh sus, ... lm cho ngi tiu dng hoang mang, lo
lng.
Hn the c tn khoa hc l Natri borat, cng thc ha hc l Na
2
B
4
O
7
, c tnh st
khun nh, c bit l n lm cho sn phm tht, c, tinh bt..tr nn dai, dn nn hn
the c cho thm vo nguyn liu sn xut gi, ch, bn, m, ph,...Tuy nhin hn
the c c tnh kh ln i vi c th, c th gy ng c cp tnh cho ngi s dng vi
liu thp, liu t 5g tr ln c th dn n t vong v gy ng c mn tnh nh hng
n gan, thn, bing n, suy nhc c th. Chnh v nhng c tnh ny m nc ta
hn the b cm s dng trong ch bin v bo qun thc phm t nm 1998, nhng
thc trng my nm gn y vic s dng hn the vn ang cn rt ph bin. Nguyn
nhn chnh l do cha c nguyn liu no c th thay th hn the. ng trc tnh hnh
ny, phng polyme Dc phm - Vin Ha hc nghin cu v a ra vt liu
Chitosan c tnh an ton v c cng dng tng t hn the.
Chitosan l mt polysacharid c ngun gc t nhin, c tch chit v bin tnh
t v cc loi gip xc nh: tm, cua, hn, trai, s, mai mc, mng t bo nm h
Zygemycetes, cc sinh khi nm mc, mt s loi to...L vt liu khng c, dng an
ton cho ngi, c tnh ha hp sinh hc cao vi c th , c kh nng phn hy sinh
hc, c kh nng ht nc, gi m, khng nm, khng khun vi nhiu loi khc
nhau.T nhng c tnh trn m chitosan hon ton c th thay th hn the trong cng
ngh ch bin v bo qun thc phm.
i vi sn phm gi, ch s dng chitosan vi hm lng 2,5g/kg tht th thy sn
phm ngon, mt hng mn, thm mi tht, dai dn v c kh nng bo qun tng t nh
s dng hn the. i vi bnh cun th hm lng PDP s dng thch hp l 24g dung dch
3,4% PDP cho 1 kg bt nc lm bnh. Sn phm gi, ch c ph gia PDP c ngi tiu
dng chp nhn v tnh cm quan v v an ton sc khe, h vn chp nhn gi thnh cao
hn gi c hn the t 1.000 - 5.000/kg.
Trn th Lin
(Khoa Ha Nghim)

NG C SN D GY T VONG

Bnh nhn b ng c sn s xut hin triu chng ri lon tiu ha (nn, i
ngoi) v ri lon thn kinh. Cp cu cho nn nhn trc ht phi gy nn, sau cho
ung nc ng, nc ma v chuyn n c quan y t.

Ng c sn rt d gy t vong cho tr em
Nghin cu ca Bch Vn Cam v Nguyn Th Kim Thoa ti Bnh vin Nhi ng
1, thnh ph H Ch Minh cho thy ng c sn (khoai m) cp l mt trong nhng
nguyn nhn gy t vong tr em. Tai nn ny chim 10% trong s ng c thc n,
vi t l t vong l 16,7%; cao nht trong cc loi hnh ng c thc n.

Nguyn nhn ng c
Ng c khoai m thng gp tr, do cc em t o c em nng n hoc
do ngi ln luc cho, nhng tt c u n nhiu vo lc i. Thi gian nhp vin trung
bnh sau ng c l 11 gi, sm nht 7 gi v chm nht l 16 gi.
Trong sn cao sn cha c t cyanhydric - loi c t lm cho cc m v c
quan trong c th khng s dng c oxy gy suy h hp, hn m, try tim mch, gp
my chc ln sn thng. c t ny c trong v, rut, l sn. Khi vo c th, n lm t
bo khng hp th c xy, gy ngt t bo khin bnh nhn kh th. Bnh c th gy
t vong nu nn nhn khng c can thip ng cch v kp thi.

Biu hin ca ng c sn
Biu hin ng c sn thng xut hin vi gi sau khi n loi lng thc ny.
Bnh nhn c cc triu chng ri lon tiu ha (y bng, si bng, bun nn, nn v
tiu chy) v ri lon thn kinh (vng u, nng bng mt, tai, chng mt, nga
ngy, chn tay nng, ngi vt v, run, co git, c khi t vong); c trng hp b st,
ho...
Triu chng thng gp nht l ri lon tiu ha (100%), xut hin t ngt 4-6
gi sau n, nn ra thc n, s ln nn t 4 - 10 ln. Tip theo l triu chng thiu oxy
t bo. Biu hin h hp gp trong 73,8 % cc trng hp. Ri lon nhp tim (33%) l
biu hin mun hn cc triu chng khc.

X tr
cp cu ngi say sn, trc ht cn gy nn cho nn nhn, sau cho ung
nc ng, nc ma v chuyn ngay v khoa chng c ca bnh vin tin hnh
iu tr.

Phng nga ng c sn
Ng c sn l tai nn rt d xy ra. phng, nn chn trng loi sn t
c, khng trng sn gn cy xoan... C sn sau khi d v cn ch bin ngay. Nu ch
bin khng kp th phi vi xung t. Trc khi ch bin nn lt ht v sn ri ngm
vo nc (nc vo go cng tt). Khi luc m np nhiu ln cht c bay hi bt,
nu thy c v ng th khng nn n. Tt nht l n sn luc vi cc loi ng, mt
trung ha axit c trong sn. Khng nn n sn luc vo bui ti v nu b ng c, nn
nhn ang ng s kh pht hin.

Cch nhn bit sn c
Loi sn c l loi ng (sn d, sn ta, sn ln, sn cao sn) cy thp, t
dy, ngn non mu xanh nht, l mu xanh lc nht, cung l nht. C c v ngoi
nu thm, v la trng cha nhiu nc. Loi ny thng c trng nhiu v cho sn
lng cao. Cc cch ch bin khng an ton nh khng ngm nc, khng ct b hai
u, luc vi t nc v khng m np ni khi si lm tng kh nng gy ng c.

ng Oanh
(su tm)
AN TON V SINH THC PHM
TRONG NHNG NGY L TT
Phng thc chuyn i nn kinh t k hoch ho tp trung sang nn kinh t th
trng c s qun l ca nh nc, trong nhng nm gn y nc ta to ra nhiu
c hi cho cc thnh phn kinh t tham gia vo hot ng sn xut kinh doanh. Cng
vi nhu cu vic lm v nng cao thu nhp, thnh phn kinh t t nhn ngy cng pht
trin c nhiu ng gp ng k vo vn xo i gim ngho cho s ng ngi
lao ng trong x hi. Nhiu gia nh t gii quyt vic lm cho chnh mnh bng
cch m cc c s sn xut bnh mt, mai,ko, ru, thc n ch bin sn phc v l
tt.
Dch v ch bin t nhn thng c vn u t t, thiu thn trang b dng c,
nhng li mun c li nhun cao nn vi phm ni qui an ton v sinh trong kinh
doanh ch bin gy nh hng ln ti cht lng v sinh an ton thc phm. Kh trnh
khi hin tng sn xut trn lan cc loi bnh ko, thc phm phc v ngn ngy km
cht lng gy nh hng ti sc kho ngi tiu dng.
Trong dp tt Nguyn n nm 2005, Vin V Sinh Dch T Ty Nguyn tin
hnh kim tra v xt nghim 92 mu bnh mt cc loi, nc gii kht, cc loi ht, tht
v sn phm ca tht, rau qu mui. Kt qu cho thy:
- V mt vi sinh thc phm c 45% mu khng t tiu chun VSATTP. Trong
rau qu mui chim t l cao nht 71,4%, tht v sn phm ca tht 58,8%.
- V mt ho hc c 75% t l mu khng t tiu chun, trong bnh mt, ko
chim t l cao nht 90%, cc mu ny ch yu vi phm v s dng ng ngt
tng hp nm ngoi danh mc cho php ca B Y t. c bit i vi cc loi ht
(c th l ht da) 100% u s dng phm mu nm ngoi danh mc cho php
ca B Y t. Cn trong sn phm gi ch th c 72,2% mu s dng hn the.
Nh vy cc thc phm phc v trong nhng ngy l tt u c vi phm v
VSATTP, c bit l vic s dng ph gia thc phm. Cho nn mi ngi dn khi mua
thc phm trong nhng ngy ny cn phi ch n nhn mc ca thc phm. Bi v
nhng thc phm c nhn mc r rng th vn vi phm v VSATTP rt t.
Bs.H

Bum Knul

DM TRI CY BNG HO CHT

Hu ht cc loi tri cy c thu hi khi cha chn hon ton. Sau mt thi gian
di ngn khc nhau ty thuc vo loi tri cy v iu kin mi trng (quan trng nht
l nhit v m), tri cy tr nn chn hon ton. l qu trnh chn sau thu
hoch.
Thc cht ca qu trnh chn sau thu hoch l qu trnh tng hp sinh ho xy ra
trong t bo v m ca tri cy hon thin v cht lng lm cho tri cy tr nn
thm ngon, ngt hn va chuyn t mu xanh sang mu vng, ... V vy xt v mt
cht lng qu trnh chn sau thu hoch l qu trnh c li v cn thit tri cy tr
thnh chn hon ton.
Thi gian hon thnh qu trnh chn sau thu hoch ca tri cy ph thuc vo
chn khi thu hoch. Nu qu cng chn gi th thi gian chn sau thu hoch cng
ngn. V th, khng nn thu hoch khi qu cn non. Trong qu trnh chn sau thu hoch,
tri cy thot ra mt lng hi nc v nhit kh ln, nu chng cht chung vi nhau d
gy ra thi nu. Nhit mi trng cao cng thc y qu trnh chn sau thu hoch
mnh hn.
tri cy c cht lng tt nht nn to iu kin chng chn sau thu hoch
trong iu kin mi trng t nhin v c iu chnh iu kin vi kh hu vi nhit ,
m thch hp. Tuy nhin thc y qu trnh chn sau thu hoch (cho tri cy chn
mau hn) ngi ta c th dng nhiu loi ho cht khc nhau. Trc y ngi ta
thng dng t n sinh ra kh axetylen (cn gi l kh t n) c tc dng thc
y qu trnh chn sau thu hoch cc loi tri cy dm chui, c chua...nhng cch
lm ny hin t c dng.
Hin ti trn th trng c nhiu loi ho cht do Trung Quc sn xut c dng
thc y qu trnh chn sau thu hoch cc loi tri cy. Nhng thuc ny c hiu lc
rt cao, tng chn nhanh cho hoa tri. Tuy nhin, cc loi thuc ny c kh nng n mn
kim loi, c cht kch thch vi mt v da nn ch trnh tip xc trc tip vi thuc.
iu cn lu l mc d c qung co l t c, tt nhin khng th lm cht
ngi ngay, nhng cht ny t nhiu c hi cho sc kho, k c khi ch nhng ngoi v.
V vy khi dng nn ra k. Hn na n li l ho cht khng r ngun gc, xut x,
nn tt nht l khng nn dng. V pha ngi tiu dng, khi mua tri cy c hnh thc
qu p th hy cnh gic. Ngoi ra trong qu trnh s dngnu thy tri cy tuy p
nhng km ngon, li chng ng, nu th cung khng nn tic ca m c s dng.
Phan Hi Bnh
(su tm)
KT QU TRIN KHAI
THNG HNH NG V CHT LNG, V SINH AN TON THC PHM NM
2005 - KHU VC TY NGUYN

Thng Hnh ng v cht lng VSATTP nm nay c trin khai t ngy 15/4
n 15/5/2005 vi ch BP N TP TH - BP N AN TON. Cc tnh trong khu vc
trin khai tt cc hot ng trong dp ny. Kt qu kim tra ca Vin VSDT Ty
nguyn (t ngy 20/4 - 7/5/2005) cho thy:
1. Vic thc hin ch th 08/1999 ca Chnh ph
Cc tnh xy dng k hoch hot ng c th theo ch o ca Ban Ch o
Trung ng v trin khai ng thi gian qui nh. c bit, c s ch o ca cc cp
Chnh quyn v s tham gia ca hu ht cc ban ngnh, duy tr s hot ng ca cc
ban ngnh thng xuyn tp trung vo cc dp trng im.
Cc on lin ngnh ca cc tnh tin hnh thanh, kim tra vic trin khai thc hin ch
th 08 v Thng hnh ng ti cc huyn, th x, thnh ph thuc tnh v thanh tra, kim tra vic
chp hnh cc qui nh v bo m CLVSATTP ca cc c s thc phm.
2. Cc hot ng chnh c trin khai
2.1. Truyn thng
Ch c 2/4 tnh t chc l pht ng Thng hnh ng v CLVSATTP nm 2005 vi
s tham gia ca 1650 ngi thuc chnh quyn v ban ngnh, cc c s trn a bn
cng cc em hc sinh.
Cc tnh u t chc chin dch truyn thng gio dc cc qui nh v bo m
CLVSATTP v cc kin thc VSATTP tng i tt c v hnh thc v ni dung nh treo
bng rn, p phch, pht t ri, c bit l trn i pht thanh truyn hnh.
Bn cnh cc tnh cng t chc c cc bui ni chuyn v kin thc
VSATTP vi 126 bui v 4233 lt ngi tham d. iu ny cho thy cng tc m bo
CLVSATTP c nhiu ngi quan tm.
2.2. Thanh kim tra
Cc tnh u c thnh lp on thanh tra lin ngnh v cng tc thanh tra, kim
tra trong thng hnh ng c cc a phng duy tr v hot ng tng i tt.
kim tra 2810 c s thc phm, c 1833 c s t tiu chun chim t l 65.2%.
S c s khng t tiu chun v sinh ch yu v kinh doanh mt hng qu hn,
km phm cht, s dng ph gia thc phm nm ngoi danh mc. c bit i vi bp
n tp th, cc c s ch yu vi phm v v sinh mi trng, v sinh dng c, cha lu
mu thc phm v k kt hp ng trch nhim vi ni cung cp nguyn liu u vo.
S mu xt nghim t v mt vi sinh 256 mu, v mt ho hc 537 mu. Ring
Dak Nng, do TTYTDP tnh cha c y cc iu kin trin khai labo xt nghim
nn vic kim nghim mu thc phm cha c trin khai.
3. Cc hot ng ca Vin trong thng hnh ng.
- Ch o v gim st cc TTYTDP trong khu vc chun b v trin khai tt thng
hnh ng
- Xut bn 250 cun Bn tin hot ng VSATTP v dinh dng khu vc Ty Nguyn
phn phi cho cc tnh trong khu vc.
- Phn phi 21.700 t ri, p phch cho cc tnh trong khu vc.
- Phi hp vi TTYTDP 3 tnh thanh kim tra 12 c s sn xut, ch bin, kinh doanh
thc phm, 10 bp n tp th ti 4 huyn trng im ca 4 tnh Ty Nguyn
- Xt nghim 140 mu thc phm, kt qu cho thy c 35.7% khng t yu cu v
ha hc v 42.1% khng t yu cu v vi sinh vt hc.
HBum Knul

KT QU HOT NG
"NGY VI CHT DINH DNG 2005"
"Ngy vi cht dinh dng" c tin hnh vo ngy 1-2 thng 6 hng nm vi ni dung
chnh l cho tr 6 n 36 thng tui ung vin nang vitamin A liu cao, ng thi y mnh
cng tc truyn thng gio dc dinh dng cho nhn dn hiu r vai tr quan trong ca cc vi cht khc
nh st, i t... cng nh bit cch s dng ngun thc phm sn c b sung cc vi cht ny vo ba n
hng ngy.
Trong thi gian trin khai Ngy vi cht dinh dng, Vin VSDT Ty Nguyn kt hp
TTYTDP cc tnh kim tra 4 tnh trong khu vc t ngy 30/5 n 6/6/2005 ti cc huyn
Krng Pch (Dak Lak), Kbang, An Kh, Mang Jang (Gia Lai), Kon Plong, Kon Ry, Sa Thy
(Kon Tum), Krng N (Dak Nng) v cc ni dung: xy dng k hoch, p ng trang thit b,
vt t, thuc v vic trin khai thc t. Qua kim tra, c mt s nhn xt sau:
Tuy gp nhiu kh khn trong cng tc chun b trin khai nhng nhn chung t
TTYTDP cc tnh, TTYT cc
huyn n trm y t cc x,
phng xy dng c k
hoch trin khai chi tit. Cc
trang thit b, vt t thit yu
c a xung cc im trin
khai theo ng k hoch. Tuy
nhin cng cn mt s a
phng cng tc chun b v
trin khai cha c tt. c
bit c mt s x vn cha c
k hoch trin khai, d ngy
quy nh cho chin dch kt
c. th
Cng tc truyn thng
tuy c ch trng, nhng
do ngun kinh ph hn hp nn cc hnh thc truyn thng cha phong ph. c bit tuyn
c s cng tc truyn thng ch yu vn l s vn ng ca cng tc vin v y t thn bn.
Cng tc x hi ho dinh dng c s vn cha c quan tm ng mc. Cc c
quan, on th, t chc x hi vn cha thc s tham gia vo cng tc phng chng suy dinh
dng tr em. Hu ht mi cng tc v dinh dng vn ch c mt mnh ngnh y t m trch.
T l tr em 6-36 thng c ung vitamin A trong Ngy vi cht dinh dng tnh n ngy
28/6/2005 ca Dak Lak l 98,4 %, Kon Tum l 99,9 %, Dak Nng l 96 %, (ring Gia Lai khng
c bo co)

Nguyn Th Thy
KT QU CHUYN LM VIC CA CC TRNG CC AN TON V SINH THC
PHM TI TY NGUYN

Nhn thng Hnh ng v cht lng v sinh an ton thc phm, t ngy 4/5
n 13/5/2005, on cng tc lin ngnh do PGs. Ts. Trn ng, Cc trng Cc An
ton v sinh thc phm dn u, kt hp vi Trung tm K thut o lng cht lng
III v Vin V sinh dch t
Ty Nguyn thm v lm vic ti 4 tnh Ty Nguyn.
on n thm h thng labo
ca Vin V sinh dch t Ty
Nguyn v Trung tm y t d
phng cc tnh trong khu vc, lm
vic cng Ban Ch o thc hin
Ch th 08 ca Th tng Chnh
ph cc tnh v mt s huyn.
Ngoi ra, on cn kt hp vi
on kim tra lin ngnh a
phng thm mt s bp n tp
th mt s trng tiu hc v
Dn tc ni tr v mt s
ch trn a bn cc tnh. Trong
cc ngy lm vic, on c
y ban nhn dn cc tnh, lnh
o Vin VSDT Ty Nguyn v S
Y t cc tnh tip thn mt.
Trong qu trnh lm vic, ng ch Cc trng cng on lng nghe v tip
nhn cc kin c tnh cht xy dng v rt c trch nhim ca cc ngnh hu quan
nh Qun l th trng, Gio dc, Cng an, Th y, Vn ha thng tin, ... Cc trng
c mt s kin sau:
Cn cng c v y mnh hn na hot ng ca ban Lin ngnh, v trong lnh vc m
bo v sinh an ton thc phm th ngnh y t khng th m ng mt mnh.
- Cc hot ng ca ch
Thm bp n trng Nguyn Bnh Khim BMT cn c quan tm v cng c nhiu
hn na. c bit ch n hnh thc kinh doanh thc n ng ph v cc bp n tp
th, v y l ngun tim t2ng ca cc v ng c thc phm quy m ln.
- Cn xy dng cc phng th nghim t chun, c bit tuyn khu vc, nhm
phc v cng tc gim nh cht
lng thc phm cng nh xc
nh nguyn nhn ng c thc
phm xy ra trong vng.





ng Oanh