TRNG I HC AN GIANG

KHOA K THUT - CNG NGH - MI TRNG

TRN TH VNG






XY DNG M HNH B AEROTANK HOT
NG THEO M (SBR SEQUENCING BATCH
REACTOR) X L NC THI THY SN CA
CNG TY C PHN VIT AN









KHA LUN TT NGHIP









An Giang
Thng 05/ 2011







































TRNG I HC AN GIANG
KHOA K THUT - CNG NGH - MI TRNG





TRN TH VNG






XY DNG M HNH B AEROTANK HOT
NG THEO M (SBR SEQUENCING BATCH
REACTOR) X L NC THI THY SN CA
CNG TY C PHN VIT AN





KHA LUN TT NGHIP





GVHD: Th.s TRN TH HNG NGC

GVPB: Th.s NGUYN TRN THIN KHNH
Th.s NGUYN THANH HNG







An Giang
Thng 05/ 2011
TI LIU THAM KHO

Hong Kim C, 2001. K thut mi trng. NXB Khoa hc v k thut, H
Ni.
Trn c H, 2002. X l nc thi sinh hot quy m nh v va. NXB Khoa
hc v K thut.
Trn c H, 2006. X l nc thi th. NXB Khoa hc v K thut.
Trn c H. Hi ngh Khoa hc Cng ngh i hc Xy dng ln th 14.
Trnh Xun Lai, 2000. Tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi. NXB
Xy dng.
Trn Vn Nhn v Ng Th Nga, 2006. Gio trnh cng ngh x l nc thi.
NXB Khoa hc v K thut.
Nguyn Vn Phc, 2005. Th nghim ha k thut Mi trng. NXB i hc
quc gia TP H Ch Minh.
Lm Minh Trit, 2006. K thut mi trng. NXB i hc quc gia, TP.
HCM.
Lm Minh Trit, 2008. X l nc thi th v cng nghip. NXB i hc
quc gia TP H Ch Minh.
Tng cc Thng k Vit Nam, http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=390
&idmid=3&ItemID=9959.
Cng ty Mi trng Ngc Ln, http://xulymoitruong.com/tai-lieu-ky-thuat
/898/898/, 05/03/2011.

LI CM N

Qua cc nm gn b vi Trng i hc An Giang, gn b vi Khoa K
thut - Cng ngh - Mi trng v c bit gn b vi Thy C B mn MT
& PTBV, em nhn c rt nhiu kin thc, nhiu kinh nghim qu bu t
thy c. Em rt cm n cc thy c ch dy tn tnh, vn kin thc v kinh
nghim ny i vi em v cng qu bu, n l hnh trang gip em t tin hn
khi i mt vi cng vic. Nay em xin trn trng gi li cm n:

- Cm n ch Nguyn Th Thy Hng to iu kin gip em trong
qu trnh th nghim.
- Cng ty C phn Vit An to iu kin cho em ly nc thi thy
sn.
- Cm n thy Trng Kin Th gii thiu em n Cng ty C phn
Vit An v gip em khi gp kh khn.
- c bit rt cm n c Trn Th Hng Ngc tn tnh hng dn em
v gn b vi em trong sut qu trnh thc hin ti. Em xin chn
thnh cm n.
Trong qu trnh thc hin ti s khng th trnh nhng thiu st. Em rt
mong nhn c s ch dy v gp ca thy c ti hon thin hn.

Em xin chn thnh cm n !




An Giang, thng 04 nm 2011
Sinh vin thc hin


Trn Th Vng





i
MC LC
Trang
Li cm n ........................................................................................................... i
Mc lc................................................................................................................ii
Danh sch hnh................................................................................................... iv
Danh sch bng ................................................................................................... v
Danh sch t vit tt........................................................................................... vi
Chng 1: GII THIU.................................................................................. 1
Chng 2: LC KHO TI LIU ............................................................. 2
2.1. Tng quan ngnh ch bin thy sn......................................................... 2
2.1.1. S pht trin thy sn Vit Nam v An Giang ............................... 2
2.1.2. c trng nc thi ch bin thy sn............................................... 3
2.2. Cc ch tiu c bn nh gi nhim nc thi ................................. 3
2.2.1. Nhit nc thi.............................................................................. 3
2.2.2. Cn l lng (SS)................................................................................. 4
2.2.3. pH....................................................................................................... 4
2.2.4. Nhu cu oxy sinh ha (BOD
5
) ........................................................... 4
2.2.5. Nhu cu oxy ha hc (COD).............................................................. 4
2.2.6. Oxy ha tan (DO)............................................................................... 4
2.2.7. Hp cht Nit v photpho.................................................................. 5
2.3. Phng php XLNT bng b aerotank vi bn hot tnh........................ 5
2.3.1. Bn hot tnh...................................................................................... 5
2.3.2. Qu trnh x l .................................................................................. 6
2.4. Phn loi b aerotank ............................................................................... 7
2.4.1. Aerotank truyn thng ....................................................................... 7
2.4.2. B aerotank c ngn tip xc vi bn hot tnh n nh............... 8
2.4.3. B aerotank lm thong ko di ......................................................... 9
2.4.4. B aerotank khuy trn hon chnh.................................................. 10
2.4.5. B aerotank hot ng theo m (SBR)............................................. 11
Chng 3: NI DUNG V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU................. 14
3.1. i tng nghin cu ............................................................................ 14
3.2. Thi gian nghin cu ............................................................................. 14
3.3. Mc tiu nghin cu............................................................................... 14
3.4. Ni dung nghin cu.............................................................................. 14
3.5. Phng tin v vt liu nghin cu........................................................ 15
3.6. Phng php nghin cu........................................................................ 15
3.6.1. Phng php thu mu ..................................................................... 15
ii
a) V tr ly mu .................................................................................. 16
b) Cch bo qun mu........................................................................ 16
3.6.2. Xy dng m hnh........................................................................... 17
a) Thit k m hnh ............................................................................. 17
b) Chun b vt liu xy dng m hnh............................................... 18
c) M hnh th nghim......................................................................... 18
3.6.3. Cch tin hnh th nghim............................................................... 19
3.6.4. Phng php phn tch..................................................................... 20
3.6.5. Phng php x l s liu................................................................ 21
Chng 4: KT QU V THO LUN..................................................... 22
4.1. Kt qu thit k v xy dng m hnh ................................................... 22
4.1.1. Kt qu thit k ............................................................................... 22
4.1.2. Kt qu xy dng ............................................................................ 22
4.2. Kt qu qu trnh th nghim.................................................................. 23
4.2.1. Kt qu phn tch nc thi u vo v bn hot tnh.................... 23
a) Nc thi u vo........................................................................... 23
b) Bn hot tnh................................................................................... 24
4.2.2. Hiu sut x l nc thi ................................................................ 24
a). Th nghim 1 (TN1): Nng bn 30%....................................... 24
b). Th nghim 2 (TN2): Nng bn 40%...................................... 31
4.2.3. Nhn xt chung ............................................................................... 36
Chng 5: KT LUN V KIN NGH..................................................... 39
5.1. Kt lun.................................................................................................. 39
5.2. Kin ngh ................................................................................................ 39
Ti liu tham kho............................................................................................
Ph lc..............................................................................................................








iii
DANH SCH HNH

Trang
Hnh 2.1: S pht trin ngnh ch bin thy sn Vit Nam v An Giang nm
2000 2009......................................................................................................... 2
Hnh 2.2: S qu trnh XLNT trong b aerotank vi bn hot tnh............... 7
Hnh 2.3: S lm vic ca b aerotank truyn thng..................................... 7
Hnh 2.4: S lm vic ca b aerotank c ngn tip xc............................... 8
Hnh 2.5: S lm vic ca b aerotank lm thong ko di........................... 9
Hnh 2.6: S lm vic ca b aerotank khuy trn hon chnh ................... 10
Hnh 2.7: S lm vic ca b aerotank hot ng theo m.......................... 11
Hnh 3.1: H thng XLNT ca Cng ty C phn Vit An ............................... 16
Hnh 3.2: M hnh b SBR d kin xy dng................................................... 18
Hnh 4.1: M hnh b SBR................................................................................ 22
Hnh 4.2: S thay i SS theo thi gian ca 2 b nng bn 30............... 25
Hnh 4.3: S thay i COD theo thi gian ca 2 b nng bn 30%......... 27
Hnh 4.4: S thay i BOD
5
theo thi gian ca 2 b nng bn 30%...... 28
Hnh 4.5: S thay i N - NH
4
+
theo thi gian ca 2 b nng bn 30%.. 29
Hnh 4.6: S thay i PO
4
3-
theo thi gian ca 2 b nng bn 30%........ 30
Hnh 4.7: S thay i SS theo thi gian ca 2 b nng bn 40%............. 31
Hnh 4.8: S thay i COD theo thi gian ca 2 b nng bn 40%......... 32
Hnh 4.9: S thay i BOD
5
theo thi gian ca 2 b nng bn 40%....... 34
Hnh 4.10: S thay i N - NH
4
+
theo thi gian ca 2 b nng bn 40% 35
Hnh 4.11: S thay i PO
4
3-
theo thi gian ca 2 b nng bn 40%..... 36
Hnh 4.12: Hiu sut x l SS, COD, BOD
5
, N - NH
4
+
, PO
4
3-
ca 2 th nghim37









iv

DANH SCH BNG

Trang
Bng 2.1: c trng nc thi ch bin thy sn............................................... 3
Bng 2.2: Qun th vi khun trong bn hot tnh............................................... 6
Bng 2.3: Cc ch tiu thit k h aerotank hot ng theo m (SBR)............. 13
Bng 3.1: Thi gian nghin cu........................................................................ 14
Bng 3.2: Phng thc bo qun mu v thi gian tn tr .............................. 17
Bng 3.3: Mt s cng thc tnh ton m hnh................................................. 17
Bng 3.4: Vt liu lm m hnh ........................................................................ 18
Bng 3.5: Cc thng s v phng php phn tch........................................... 20
Bng 4.1: Kt qu tnh ton b SBR................................................................. 22
Bng 4.2: Thnh phn v tnh cht nc thi u vo...................................... 23
Bng 4.3: Hiu sut x l SS theo thi gian..................................................... 24
Bng 4.4: Hiu sut x l COD theo thi gian ............................................... 26
Bng 4.5: Hiu sut x l BOD
5
theo thi gian ............................................... 27
Bng 4.6: Hiu sut x l N - NH
4
+

theo thi gian ......................................... 29
Bng 4.7: Hiu sut x l PO
4
3-
theo thi gian ................................................ 30
Bng 4.8: Hiu sut x l SS theo thi gian .................................................... 31
Bng 4.9: Hiu sut x l COD theo thi gian................................................. 32
Bng 4.10: Hiu sut x l BOD
5
theo thi gian ............................................. 33
Bng 4.11: Hiu sut x l N - NH
4
+

theo thi gian ........................................ 34
Bng 4.12: Hiu sut x l PO
4
3-
theo thi gian .............................................. 35










v
vi
DANH MC T VIT TT

K hiu Ting Anh Ting Vit

BOD

Biochemical Oxygen Demand

Nhu cu oxy Sinh ha
COD Chemical Oxygen Demand Nhu cu oxy Ha hc
DO Dissolved Oxygen Oxy ha tan
SS Suspended solids Cht rn l lng
SBR Sequencing Batch Reactor B aerotank hot ng theo m
TCVN Tiu chun Vit Nam
XLNT
VSV
X l nc thi
Vi sinh vt

PH LC

Ph lc 1: Mt s phng php phn tch mu nc thi
Phng php xc nh pH Xc nh bng giy ch th pH
Dng a khuy nhng vo dung dch mun o pH, chm ln mu giy
ch th. Quan st mu trn mu giy v so snh vi thang mu chun,
ghi nhn gi tr pH ca mu nc.
Phng php xc nh SS - Phng php trng lng
1. Nguyn tc:
- Mu lc trn u lc qua giy lc si thy tinh bit trc
khi lng.
- Sy giy lc c cn n khi lng khng i nhit 103
0
C
105
0
C.
- Xc nh hm lng cht rn l lng c trong mu
2. Thit b v ha cht:
- Thit b, dng c: T sy, cn phn tch, b lc chn khng (bm
ht chn khng, bnh tam gic, phu lc).
- Ha cht: Giy lc si thy tinh 47mm.
3. Cch phn tch:
- Chun b giy lc:
+ Sy giy lc ban u 103
0
C 105
0
C trong 1 gi.
+ Lm ngui trong bnh ht m 20 pht.
+ Cn v ghi li trong lng m
0
(g).
- Lc mu:
+ Lc k mu, ong mt th tch V (ml)(V ly sao cho lng cht
rn gi li trong khong 2,5 - 200 mg).
+ Lc mu qua giy lc chun b.
+ Sy giy lc v cn c lc 103
0
C 105
0
C trong 1 gi.
+ Lm ngui trong bnh ht m 20 pht.
+ Cn v ghi li trng lng m
1
(g).
4. Tnh ton:

X (mg/l) =

Trong : m
0
: Khi lng giy lc (g)
m
1
: Khi lng giy lc v cn (g)
V: Th tch mu dng (ml)
Phng php xc nh COD - Phng php bicromat
1. Nguyn tc:
- Cc cht hu c b phn hy khi un nng vi kali dicromat trong
mi trng axit mnh. Lng kali dicromat c nh phn bng
dung dch ferrous ammonium sunphat vi ch th ferroin.
- Phn ng ha hc xy ra nh sau:
CHC + Cr
2
O
7
2-
+ H
+
CO
2
+ H
2
O + Cr
3+

Cr
2
O
7
2-
+ 6Fe
2+
+ 14H
+
2Cr
3+
+ 6Fe
2+
+ 7H
2
O
2. Thit b, dng c v ha cht:
- Thit b, dng c: Bp nun, ng nghim, pipet, buret, becher,
erlen.
- Ha cht: Kali dicromat 0,1N, sunphuric axit (reagent), ch th
ferroin, ferrous ammonium sunphat (FAS) 0,01N.
3. Cch phn tch:
- Chun b mu:
+ Mu phn tch trong vng 6 gi th bo qun 2 5
0
C, phn
tch trong vng 5 ngy th axit ha mu n pH < 2 bng H
2
SO
4

v bo qun 2 5
0
C.
+ Mu nguyn hoc cn pha long nu m c.
- Phn tch:
+ Cho vo ng nghim: 2,5ml mu + 1,5ml K
2
Cr
2
O
7

+ 3,5ml
H
2
SO
4
.
+ y np, lc u, cho ln bp nun nhit 150
0
C trong 2 gi.
+ Sau 2 gi, ly ng khi bp, ngui n nhit phng,
chuyn dung dch vo erlen, trng k ng nghim bng nc ct,
gp nc trng vo erlen.
+ Thm 2 git ferroin dd c mu xanh lam.
+ Chun bng FAS 0,01N n mu nu . Ghi li th tch
FAS dng.
+ Lm 2 mu trng vi nc ct tng t nh mu nc thi, 1
mu un v 1 mu khng un.
4. Tnh ton:

X (mg/l) =

Trong :
V
0
: Th tch dung dch FAS dng chun mu trng (ml)
V
1
: Th tch dung dch FAS dng chun mu nc thi (ml)
N: Nng FAS kim tra
V: Th tch mu s dng
f: H s pha long
Phng php xc nh BOD - Phng php cy v pha long
1. Nguyn tc:
- Trung ha mu cn phn tch v pha long mu bng nc pha
long lm giu oxy ha tan.
- nhit 20
0
C trong thi gian 5 ngy, trong ti. Xc nh nng
oxy ha tan trc v sau khi . T tnh c lng oxy m
vi sinh vt s dng, phn hy cht hu c trong 1 lt mu.
2. Thit b, dng c v ha cht:
- Thit b, dng c: T c nhit 20 1
0
C, chai DO, pipet,
buret, erlen, becher.
- Ha cht: m phosphat, magie sunphat 22,5g/l, canxi clorua
27,5g/l, st (III) clorua 0,25g/l, mangan (II), kim iodua,
sunphuric axit, ch th h tinh bt 1%.
3. Cch phn tch:
- Chun b mu: Mu c phn tch ngay trong vng 2h k t khi
ly mu. Nu phn tch trong vng 6h th mu c bo qun di
4
0
C, trc khi phn tch lm m mu ln 20
0
C.
- Chun b nc pha long: Cho 1ml cc dung dch m phosphat,
magie sunphat, canxi clorua, st (III) clorua cho mi lt nc pha
long (nc ct), sc kh khong 2 - 3 gi (DO = 7 - 8mg/l). Dung
dch ny s dng trong 24h.
- Phn tch:
+ Pha long mu vi nc pha long.
+ Chic mu pha long vo 2 chai DO.
+ Mt chai y tht kn em nh phn ngay hm lng oxy ha
tan (DO
o
)
+ Mt chai y tht kn bng nt mi thy tinh, cho vo t trong
5 ngy 20 1
0
C.
+ Sau 5 ngy em nh phn lng oxy ha tan cn li trong mu
(DO
5
).
+ Cch nh phn DO:
Thm vo chai DO: 1ml mangan (II) + 1ml kim iodua
y kn np, ra di vi nc, lt u, kt ta lng
n nh.
Thm 2ml H
2
SO
4
, lc cho tan kt ta.
Ly th tch mu chnh xc em chun bng Na
2
S
2
O
3

vi ch th h tinh bt.
4. Tnh ton:
Cng thc tnh nhu cu oxy sinh ha:

BOD
5
(mg/l) = (DO
0
DO
5
) * K
Trong :
DO
0
: hm lng oxy ha tan o c ngy u tin
DO
5
: hm lng oxy ha tan o c sau 5 ngy
K: h s pha long.
Cng thc tnh hm lng oxy ha tan:


DO (mg/l) =

Trong :
V
1
: Th tch Na
2
S
2
O
3
dng (ml)
N: Nng Na
2
S
2
O
3

V: Th tch mu em chun (ml)
2: Tng th tch Mn
2+
v kim iodua

Phng php xc nh N-NH
4
+
- Phng php Indophenol blue
1. Nguyn tc:
- Phenol v hypochlorite phn ng trong mi trng kim di hnh
thc phenylquinonemonoimine. Sau phn ng vi NH
3
trong
hnh thc Indophenol blue, cng mu m hay nht ty thuc
vo NH
3
c trong mu nc. N-NH
4
+
c o lng bi v trong
mi trng baz mnh tt c N-NH
4
+
chuyn sang NH
3
.
2. Thit b v ha cht:
- Thit b, dng c: Pepet, ng ong, erlen, my ly tm, my so mu
UV-VIS.
- Thuc th:
+ Dung dch A: 15g Na
3
PO
4
.12H
2
O + 15g C
6
H
5
O
7
Na
3
.2H
2
O +
100ml nc ct khng m
+ Dung dch B: 75ml PRE2 + 0,1g Na
2
[Fe(CN)
5
NO].2H
2
O +
100ml nc ct khng m (PRE2: 62,5g phenol + methanol
100ml)
+Dung dch C: 75ml PRE3 + PRE4 100ml (PRE3: NaClO,
PRE4: NaOH 67,5%).
3. Cch phn tch:
- Ht 25ml mu nc vo erlen, ln lt cho cc ha cht vo: 1ml
dd A + 1ml dd B + 1ml dd C
- Ch 20 pht xut hin mu xanh, ly tm khong 5 pht.
- em so mu bc sng 630nm, o mt quang ca mu.
4. Tnh ton:
p dung kt qu o c vo phng trnh y = ax + b tm nng
N-NH
4
+
.
Trong :
x: mc hp thu ca mu bc sng 630nm
y: nng ca mu (mg/l) (y l nng cn tm)
Phng trnh ng chun c p dng trong nghin cu ny nh sau:




Phng php xc nh PO
4
3-
- Phng php Molibden blue
1. Nguyn tc:
- Trong mi trng axit ion PO
4
3-
s cho mt phc cht mu vng
chanh vi thuc th molibden ammonium.
PO
4
3-
+12(NH
4
)
2
MoO
2
+24H
+
=(NH
4
)
8
PO
4
.12MoO
8
+21NH
4
+12H
2
O
2. Thit b v ha cht:
- Thit b: pepet, ng ong, erlen, my so mu UV-VIS.
- Ha cht:
+ Dung dch A: 24g (NH
4
)
6
Mo
7
O
24
.4H
2
O + 1,36g
K(SbO)C
4
H
4
O
6
.1/2H
2
O + PRE1 1000ml (PRE1: 288ml H
2
SO
4

+ nc ct 1000ml)
+ Dung dch B: 42g ascorbic acid + 20g tartaric acid
3. Cch phn tch:
- Ht 20ml mu nc vo erlen, ln lt cho cc ha cht vo: 1ml
dd A + 1ml dd B.
- Ch 10 pht xut hin mu xanh.
- em so mu bc sng 750nm, o mt quang ca mu.
5. Tnh ton:
p dung kt qu o c vo phng trnh y = ax + b tm nng
PO
4
3-
.
Trong :
x: mc hp thu ca mu bc sng 750nm
y: nng ca mu (mg/l) (y l nng cn tm)
Phng trnh ng chun c p dng trong nghin cu ny nh sau:




















Ph lc 2: TIU CHUN MI TRNG TCVN 5945:2005 - NC
THI CNG NGHIP TIU CHUN NC THI.
Gi tr gii hn TT Thng s n v
A B C
1 Nhit
o
C 40 40 45
2 pH 6 9 5.5 9 5 9
3 Mi Khng kh chu
4 Mu sc Co-Pt pH = 7 20 50
5 BOD
5
(20
o
C) mg/l 30 50 100
6 COD mg/l 50 80 400
7 Cht rn l lng mg/l 50 100 200
8 Asen mg/l 0,05 0,1 0,5
9 Cadmi mg/l 0,005 0,01 0,5
10 Ch mg/l 0,1 0,5 1
11 Clo d mg/l 1 2 -
12 Crom (VI) mg/l 0,05 0,1 0,5
13 Crom (III) mg/l 0,2 1 2
14 Du m khong mg/l 5 5 10
15 Du ng thc vt mg/l 10 20 30
16 ng mg/l 2 2 5
17 Km mg/l 3 3 5
18 Mangan mg/l 0,5 1 5
19 Niken mg/l 0,2 0,5 2
20 Photpho tng mg/l 4 6 8
21 St mg/l 1 5 10
22 Sunfua mg/l 0,2 0,5 1
23 Thic mg/l 0,2 1 5
24 Thy ngn mg/l 0,005 0,01 0,01
25 Tng Nit mg/l 15 30 60
26 PCBs mg/l 0,003 0,01 -
27 Amoniac (Tnh theo N) mg/l 5 10 15
28 Florua mg/l 5 10 15
29 Phenol mg/l 0,1 0,5 1
30 Clorua mg/l 500 600 1000
31 Xianua mg/l 0,07 0,1 0,2
32 Tng hot ng phng x Bq/l 0,1 0,1
33 Tng hot ng phng x Bq/l 1,0 1,0
34 Coliform MPN/100 ml 3000 5000 -
35 Ha cht bo v thc vt: ln
hu c
mg/l 0,3 1 -
36 Ha cht bo v thc vt: ln
hu c
mg/l 0,1 0,1 -
37 Xt nghim sinh hc
(Bioassay)
90% c sng sau 96 gi trong
100% nc thi


Ch thch:
A: X vo vc nc c dng lm ngun cp nc sinh hot.
B: X vo vc nc khc nh dng cho giao thng thy, ti tiu, tm.
C: X vo vc cng thnh ph hoc nhng ni qui nh.





























Ph lc 3: MT S HNH NH CA M HNH TH NGHIM













My bm kh Cha x l
Sc kh
Lng trong ng ong

Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 1
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067
Chng 1
GII THIU

Trong bi cnh ton cu ha, Vit Nam ngy cng hi nhp su vo
nn kinh t th trng th gii. Nn kinh t th trng l ng lc thc y s
pht trin ca mi ngnh kinh t, trong c ngnh ch bin thy sn to ra
sn phm c gi tr phc v cho nhu cu tiu dng trong nc cng nh xut
khu. Tuy nhin ngnh ny cng to ra mt lng ln cht thi rn, lng,
khy l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn gy ra nhim mi trng chung
ca t nc. Do c im ca ngnh cng nghip ch bin thy sn l s
dng mt lng nc kh ln trong qu trnh ch bin nn x ra mi trng
mt lng ln nc thi. Nc thi ny chim hm lng ln cc cht l lng,
COD v BOD gy nhim mi trng nu khng c x l.
Vn nhim ngun nc do ngnh ch bin thy sn thi trc tip
ra mi trng ang l mi quan tm hng u ca cc nh qun l mi trng.
Nc b nhim bn s nh hng n con ngi v s sng ca cc loi thy
sinh cng nh cc loi ng thc vt sng gn . Cc nghin cu v thnh
phn, tnh cht nc thi thy sn cho thy hm lng cc cht nhim trong
nc thi vt qu tiu chun cho php nhiu ln. V vy, vic nghin cu x
l nc thi ngnh ch bin thy sn cng nh cc ngnh cng nghip khc l
mt yu cu cp thit t ra khng ch i vi nhng nh cng tc bo v mi
trng m cn cho tt c mi ngi chng ta.
Mt h thng x l nc thi thy sn gm nhiu giai on x l khc
nhau nh tch m, lng, x l sinh hc, kh trng. Trong x l sinh hc l
giai on x l chnh quyt nh mc sch ca nc thi u ra trong h
thng x l nc thi. B aerotank l cng trnh x l sinh hc hiu kh ang
c ng dng rng ri hin nay. V vy, ti xy dng m hnh b
aerotank hot ng theo m (SBR) x l nc thi thy sn ca Cng ty
C phn Vit An c nghin cu v ng dng trong chuyn ny.





Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 2
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067
Chng 2
LC KHO TI LIU

2.1. Tng quan ngnh ch bin thy sn
2.1.1. S pht trin ngnh ch bin thy sn Vit Nam v An Giang
Trong hn 10 nm tr li y, ngnh thy sn c nhng bc pht
trin nhanh v n nh, gp phn quan trng vo s tng trng ca nn kinh
t quc dn. T trng ca thy sn trong khi nng, lm v ng nghip v
trong nn kinh t quc dn tng dn qua cc nm.
Theo Vin Kinh t v Quy hoch thy sn, nu nh nm 2000 tng sn
lng thy sn t c l 2,25 triu tn, th n nm 2008 tng sn lng
thy sn t 4,6 triu tn gi tr xut khu t trn 4,5 t USD. Nm 2009, mc
d chu tc ng mnh ca khng hong v suy thoi kinh t ton cu nhng
tng sn lng thy sn vn t 4,85 triu tn gi tr xut khu t trn 4,2 t
USD, tng 5,3% so vi nm 2008.
Ring An Giang, theo Tng cc Thng k Vit Nam, nm 2000 tng
sn lng thy sn t 0,17 triu tn n nm 2009 tng sn lng thy sn
t 0,33 triu tn, thy sn An Giang ch yu l pht trin nui v ch bin
xut khu c tra c ba sa.
Sau y l biu biu din s pht trin sn lng thy sn Vit Nam
v An Giang nm 2000 2009:










Hnh 2.1: S pht trin sn lng thy sn Vit Nam v An Giang nm 2000
2009 (Ngun: website ca Tng cc Thng k Vit Nam:
http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=390&idmid=3&ItemID=9959)

Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 3
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067
2.1.2. t trng nc thi ch bin thy sn
Thnh phn v tnh cht nc thi thy sn rt a dng v phc tp.
Trong nc thi thng cha nhiu mnh vn tht v rut ca cc loi thy
sn, cc mnh vn ny thng d lng v d phn hy gy nn cc mi hi
tanh. V vy, nc thi cng nghip ch bin thy sn b nhim hu c
mc kh cao: COD dao ng khong 1.000 1.200 mg/l, BOD khong
600 950 mg/l v hm lng nit trong nc thi cng rt cao, n 70 110
mg/l, rt d gy hin tng ph dng ha ngun tip nhn nc thi. Ngoi
ra, trong nc thi i khi cn c cha cc thnh phn hu c m khi b phn
hy chng s to ra cc sn phm gy nn mi hi thi rt kh chu v c
trng (Lm Minh Trit, 2008).

Sau y l kt qu phn tch thnh phn v tnh cht cht nc thi thy
sn ca mt s nh my thy sn:
Bng 2.1: c trng nc thi ch bin thy sn
STT Thng s Gi tr u vo n v
1 pH 6 - 8
2 SS 388 - 500 mg/l
3 COD 1500 - 4000 mg/l
4 BOD
5
1000 - 3000 mg/l
5 Nit tng

120 - 160 mg/l
6 Photpho tng

6 - 10 mg/l
7 Du m 150 - 250 mg/l
Ngun: Cng ty Mi trng Ngc Ln, 2011

2.2. Cc ch tiu c bn nh gi nhim nc thi
2.2.1. Nhit nc thi

Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 4
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067
Nhit nh hng n thi gian chuyn ha ca sinh vt, tc ng
n qu trnh hp thu kh oxy vo nc thi v qu trnh lng bng cn b
lng 2 (Lm Minh Trit, 2008).
2.2.2. Cn l lng (SS)
Theo Trnh Xun Lai (2000), cn l lng l nhng cn c th quan st
bng mt thng hay c th loi b bng cc phng php nh keo t, lng,
lc. xc nh hm lng cn l lng, ly mt th tch nc thi em lc
qua giy lc tiu chun, sy kh nhit 105
o
C v em cn s c hm lng
cn l lng (mg/l). Cn l lng gm cn lng c v cn dng keo khng
lng c.
Cn l lng trong nc thi trc khi a i x l sinh hc khng vt
qu 150 mg/l (Trn c H, 2006).
2.2.3. pH
Tr s pH cho bit nc thi c tnh trung ha pH = 7 hay tnh axit pH
< 7 hoc tnh kim pH > 7. Qu trnh x l bng phng php sinh hc rt
nhy cm vi s dao ng ca tr s pH. Qu trnh x l hiu kh i hi gi
tr pH = 6,5 8,5. Gi tr tt nht l 6,8 7,4 (Trnh Xun Lai, 2000).
2.2.4. Nhu cu oxy sinh ha (BOD - NOS)
Theo Trnh Xun Lai (2000),nhu cu oxy sinh ha l lng oxy cn
thit cho vi khun pht trin oxy ha cc cht hu c c trong nc thi.
Tr s BOD l thng s quan trng dng ch mc nhim bn ca nc thi
bng cc cht hu c. BOD o c cho php tnh ton lng oxy cn thit
cp cho phn ng sinh ha ca vi khun din ra trong qu trnh phn hy hiu
kh cc cht hu c trong nc thi.
2.2.5. Nhu cu oxy ha hc (COD - NOH)
Nhu cu oxy ha hc (COD) l lng oxy cn thit oxy ha hon
ton cc cht hu c v mt phn cc cht v c d b oxy ha c trong nc
thi. Xc nh COD bng phng php oxy ha mnh trong iu kin axit
(phng php bicromat). Tr s COD lun ln hn tr s BOD. T s COD :
BOD cng nh th x l sinh hc cng d (Trnh Xun Lai, 2000).
2.2.6. Oxy ha tan (DO)
Nng oxy ha tan l ch tiu quan trng, trong x l hiu kh lun
phi gi nng oxy ha tan trong nc thi t 1,5 - 2mg/l qu trnh oxy

Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 5
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067
ha din ra theo mun v hn hp khng ri vo tnh trng ym kh.
Nng oxy ha tan ph thuc vo nhit v nng mui c trong nc.
Trong qu trnh x l nc thi, vi sinh vt tiu th oxy ha tan ng ha
cc cht dinh dng v cht nn BOD, N, P cn thit cho vic duy tr s sng,
sinh sn v tng trng ca chng (Trnh Xun Lai, 2000).
2.2.7. Hp cht Nit v Phospho
*Nit (N): L cht dinh dng quan trng trong qu trnh pht trin
ca vi sinh vt trong cc cng trnh x l sinh hc. Trong nc thi tn ti hai
dng hp cht v c cha nit l NO
2
-
v NO
3
-
. NO
3
-
l sn phm oxy ha ca
amoni (NH
4
+
) khi tn ti oxy. NO
2
-
l sn phm trung gian ca qu trnh nitrat
ha (Trnh Xun Lai, 2000). Qu trnh ny bao gm 2 giai on:

NH
4
+
+ 1,5O
2
NO
2
-
+ H
2
O + 2H
+

Sau :
NO
2
-
+ 0,5O
2
NO
3
-


*Phospho (P): P cng ging nh nit l cht dinh dng cho vi khun
sng v pht trin trong cc cng trnh x l nc thi. P tn ti ch yu
PO
4
3-
.
C hai loi Nit v P nu vt qu gi tr no s gy ph dng ha.
Trong x l nc thi bng phng php sinh hc thng COD:N:P ~150:5:1.
2.3. Phng php XLNT bng b aerotank vi bn hot tnh
2.3.1. Bn hot tnh
Nc thi sau khi qua b lng 1 c cha cc cht hu c ha tan v cc
cht l lng i vo b aerotank. Khi trong b, cc cht l lng ng vai tr
l cc ht nhn cho vi khun c tr, sinh sn v pht trin dn ln thnh cc
bng cn gi l bn hot tnh. Bn hot tnh c mu nu sm cha cc cht
hu c hp th t nc thi v l ni c tr pht trin ca v s vi khun v
vi sinh vt sng khc (Trnh Xun Lai, 2000).
Trong bn hot tnh c nhiu vi sinh vt khc nhau, trong ch yu l
vi khun, ngoi ra cn c nm mc, nm men, x khun, ng vt nguyn
sinh.
Nitroza
Nitrosomonas
VK
Nitrobacter

Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 6
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067
Sau y l cc ging vi khun c mt trong bn hot tnh iu kin
sc kh.
Bng 2.2: Qun th vi khun trong bn hot tnh
Vi khun Chc nng
Pseudomonas
Arthrobacter
Bacillus
Cytophaga
Zooglea
Acinetobacter
Nitrobacter
Sphaerotilus

Phn hy hydrat cacbon v phn nitrat
Phn hy hydrat cacbon
Phn hy protein v hydrat cacbon
Phn hy cc polyme
To thnh cht nhy polysacarit, hnh thnh cc cht keo t
Tch ly polyphosphat, phn nitrat
Nitrat ha
Sinh nhiu tin mao
Ngun: Hong Kim C, 2001
2.3.2. Qu trnh x l
Theo Trn c H (2006) qu trnh XLNT trong b aerotank vi bn
hot tnh bao gm cc giai on sau:
1. Khuy trn to iu kin tip xc nc thi vi bn hot
tnh;
2. Cung cp oxy vi khun v vi sinh vt oxy ha cc cht
hu c;
3. Tch bn hot tnh ra khi nc thi;
4. Tun hon bn t b lng 2 vo aerotank;
5. X bn d v x l bn.
S qu trnh XLNT trong b aerotank vi bn hot tnh c nu
trn hnh 2.2.



Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT
B aerotank









Hnh 2.2: S qu trnh XLNT trong b aerotank vi bn hot tnh (Ngun:
Trn c H, 2006)
2.4. Phn loi b aerotank
2.4.1. B aerotank truyn thng
S vn hnh ca b aerotank truyn thng xem hnh 2.3.








Hnh 2.3: S lm vic ca b aerotank truyn thng (Ngun: Trnh Xun
Lai, 2000)
Nc thi sau b lng t 1 c trn u vi bn hot tnh tun hon
ngay u b aerotank. i vi nc thi sinh hot c mc nhim bn
trung bnh, lu lng tun hon bn thng t 20% - 30% lu lng nc thi
i vo. Dung tch b c thit k vi thi gian lu nc lm thong trong
B Aerotank
Tun hon bn hot tnh
X bn ti
X nc ra
Nc thi
vo
B lng
t 1
B lng
t 2
X bn hot tnh tha
ng h o
lu lng



Cht hu c + bn hot tnh + o
2
(C, O, H, N, S, P)


Nc thi
Tng hp
Thy phn oxy ha
Tng sinh khi
bn hot tnh
CO
2
, H
2
O, NO
3
-
SO
4
2-
, PO
4
3-
Cp oxy
B lng
t 2
Bn hot
tnh d
B

n

h
o

t

t

n
h

t
u

n

h
o

n

Nc thi
sau x l
GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 7
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067

Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 8
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067
b t 6 n 8 gi khi h thng sc gi v t 9 n 12 gi khi dng thit b
khuy c kh lm thong b mt.
Lng gi cp vo t 55 m
3
/1kg BOD
5
n 65 m
3
/1kg BOD
5
cn kh.
Ch s th tch bn SVI thng dao ng t 50 - 150 ml/g, tui ca bn
thng t 3 n 15 ngy. BOD
5
u vo thng < 400 mg/l, hiu qu lm sch
t 80 - 95%. Hiu qu x l ca b ph thuc mnh vo s dao ng lu
lng v nng cc cht c (kim loi nng) do nc thi cng nghip cha
x l x vo (Trnh Xun Lai, 2000).
2.4.2. B aerotank c ngn tip xc vi bn hot tnh n nh







Hnh 2.4: S lm vic ca b aerotank c ngn tip xc (Ngun: Trnh
Xun Lai, 2000)
Nc thi t b lng t 1 c trn u vi bn hot tnh c ti
sinh i vo ngn tip xc ca b, ngn tip xc bn hp ph v hp th phn
ln cc cht keo l lng v cht bn ha tan c trong nc thi vi thi gian
rt ngn khong 0,5 - 1 gi ri chy sang b lng t 2. Bn lng y b
lng t 2 c bm tun hon li b ti sinh, bn c lm thong trong thi
gian 3 n 6 gi oxy ha ht cc cht hu c hp th, bn sau khi ti
sinh tr thnh n nh. Bn d c x ra ngoi trc ngn ti sinh (Trnh
Xun Lai, 2000).
u im ca s ny l aerotank c dung tch nh, chu c s dao
ng ca lu lng v cht lng nc thi.
Thi gian lm thong ngn ti sinh bn: t
2
= t
o
t
1

t
o
=
(1 )
o
h
S S
a Z

;
t
b t
a
a a
=

Trong :
B Aerotank
Tun hon bn
X bn ti
X nc ra
Nc thi
vo
B lng
t 1
B lng
t 2
X bn hot tnh tha
Ngn tip xc

Ngn ti sinh
bn hot tnh

Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 9
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067
S
o
v S: Nng BOD
5
trong nc thi u vo v u ra b;
a
t
: Tng nng bn trong ngn lm thong tip xc;
a
h
: Tng nng bn trong ngn ti sinh bn;
: H s tun hon bn bng q/Q;
q: Lu lng tun hon;
Q: Lu lng nc thi i vo b;
Z: tro ca cn thng ly bng 0,3;
: Tc oxy ha ca 1 gram bn hot tnh (mg BOD
5
/g bn gi).
Chn theo bng ng vi nng BOD
5
u vo hoc ng vi t s
F/M. Thng chn nng bn tun hon a
h
= 4 6 g/l, nng bn trong b
tip xc a
t
= 1,5 n 2 g/l.
Th tch ngn lm thong tip xc: W
1
= t
1
(Q + q)
Th tch ngn ti sinh bn : W
2
= t
2
.q
- Ti trng trn n v th tch theo BOD
5
cho c 2 ngn
L
a
= 450 g/1m
3
ngy.
- Lng khng kh cp vo:
+ B su 3,7 m l 170 m
3
/1kg BOD.
+ B su 4,6 m l 140 m
3
/1kg BOD.
2.4.3. B aerotank lm thong ko di








Li chn rc
B Aerotank lm
thong ko di
20 30 gi lu
nc trong b
Tun hon bn hot tnh
X nc ra
Nc thi
vo
B lng
t 2
nh k x bn hot tnh tha
Hnh 2.5: S lm vic ca b aerotank lm thong ko di (Ngun: Trnh
Xun Lai, 2000)

Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 10
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067
B lm thong ko di c thit k vi ti trng thp, t s F/M thp
thi gian lm thong ln t 20 30 gi h vi sinh trong b lm vic giai
on h hp ni bo. B p dng cho cc nh my x l nc thi c cng
sut nh hn 3500 m
3
/ngy. Trong s x l khng xy dng b lng t 1,
nc ch cn qua li chn i thng vo b. Ton b cn lng b lng 2 c
tun hon li b aerotank, bn d nh k x ra ngoi, bn d l bn n
nh khng cn cng on x l n nh bn m x thng vo sn phi bn
hoc thit b lm kh bn (Trnh Xun Lai, 2000).
- Ti trng bn tnh theo BOD
5
trn mt n v th tch b L
a
= 240 g/m
3
ngy.
- Lng khng kh cp vo:
+ B su 1,8 m cn 280 m
3
/1kg BOD
5

+ B su 2,7 m l 187 m
3
/1kg BOD
5

- Khi lm thong bng thit b c kh b mt cn khng t hn 2 kg O
2
/1 kg
BOD
5
.
2.4.4. B aerotank khuy trn hon chnh









Hnh 2.6: S lm vic ca b aerotank khuy trn hon chnh (Ngun:
Trnh Xun Lai, 2000)
Trong b aerotank khy trn hon chnh, nc thi, bn hot tnh, oxy
ha tan c khuy trn u tc thi sao cho nng cc cht c phn b
u mi phn t trong b.
u im chnh ca s lm vic theo nguyn tc khuy trn hon
chnh l: pha long ngay tc khc nng ca cc cht c hi (kim loi


X nc
ra
B lng
t 2
X bn hot tnh tha
My khuy b mt
Tun hon bn hot tnh
X bn ti
Nc
thi vo
B lng
t 1

Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT
nng) trong ton th tch b, khng xy ra hin tng qu ti cc b bt c
phn no ca b, p dng cho loi nc thi c ch s th tch bn cao, cn
kh lng (Trnh Xun Lai, 2000).
2.4.5. B aerotank hot ng theo m (SBR)
x l nc thi b aerotank hot ng theo m (SBR) c thc
hin theo 5 giai on k tip nhau.
S lm vic ca b aerotank hot ng theo m xem hnh 2.7.





















Hnh 2.7: S lm vic ca b aerotank hot ng theo m (Ngun:
Trnh Xun Lai, 2000)
GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 11
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067

Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 12
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067
Giai on 1: Lm y: Nc thi qua song chn rc v b lng,
tch du m, t chy hoc bm vo b n mc nh trc bng rle phao.
Rle phao pht tnh hiu t ng ng van hoc bm cp nc vo.
Giai on 2: Sc kh: Hn hp nc thi v bn c sc kh vi thi
gian thi kh ng thi gian yu cu tin hnh qu trnh nitrat ha v phn
hy cht hu c. Trong giai on ny cn tin hnh th nghim kim sot
cc thng s u vo nh: BOD, COD, N, P, cng sc kh, nhit , pH
c th to bng bn hot tnh hiu qu cho qu trnh lng sau ny.
Giai on 3: Lng: Cc thit b sc kh ngng hot ng, qu trnh
lng din ra trong mi trng tnh hon ton. Hiu qu thy lc ca b t
100%. Thi gian lng trong nc v c c bn thng kt thc sm hn 2
gi.
Giai on 4: Tho nc ra: Tho nc c lng trong phn trn
ca b ra ngun tip nhn. cc nh my cng sut nh, c th dng ng
khoan l, c dc 2 thnh b ly nc ra sao cho cn khng b ko ra ngoi.
ng thi trong qu trnh ny bn lng cng c tho ra.
Giai on 5: Ch np m mi: Thi gian ch ph thuc vo thi gian
vn hnh 4 quy trnh trn v vo s lng b, th t np nc ngun vo b
do ngi thit k quyt nh. nhng nh my c dng chy u c th b tr
lch hot ng rt thi gian xung gn bng 0.
Khi thit k b aerotank hot ng theo m SBR, khng cn xy dng
b iu ha lu lng v cht lng, khng cn xy dng b lng t 1 v b
lng t 2. Nc thi ch cn qua song chn rc, b lng ct v tch du m
nu cn, ri np thng vo b. S lng b, thi gian np vo tng b ph
thuc vo cng sut v s dao ng theo gi ca lu lng nc thi do ngi
thit k tnh ton quyt nh. BOD
5
ca nc thi sau x l thng thp
hn 20 mg/l, hm lng cn l lng t 3 n 25 mg/l v N-NH
3
khong t 0,3
n 12 mg/l (Trn c H, 2006 v Trnh Xun Lai, 2000).
u im ca b:
+ Cu to n gin;
+ Hiu qu x l cao;
+ t tn din tch do khng c b lng t 2 v qu trnh tun
hon bn;

Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 13
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067
+ Kh c cc cht dinh dng N, P, d vn hnh. S dao
ng lu lng nc thi t nh hng n hiu qu x l.
Nhc im chnh ca b: L cng sut x l nc thi nh.

Bng 2.3: Cc ch tiu thit k h aerotank hot ng theo m (SBR)
Ch tiu thit k Gi tr
Tng th tch 0,2 - 2 ln lu lng trung bnh 1 ngy
S b 2
Chiu su cng tc 3 - 6 m
T l lng cht bn
hu c/lu lng bn
0,04 - 0,2 kg BOD/kg bn.ngy
Thi gian 1 chu k 4 - 12 gi
c im cp kh
Cp kh cho bc lm y v khuy trn bn vi
nc thi
Lng oxy
Cung cp cho qu trnh oxy ha cht hu c v
qu trnh nitrat ha nh i vi cc aerotank truyn
thng
Ngun: Trn c H, 2006









Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 14
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067
Chng 3
NI DUNG V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

3.1. i tng nghin cu
- Nc thi thy sn ca cng ty C phn Vit An
- B aerotank hot ng theo m (SBR sequencing batch reactor).
3.2. Thi gian nghin cu
Thi gian nghin cu t 07/12/2010 n 20/04/2011
Bng 3.1: Thi gian nghin cu
STT Thi gian Ni dung thc hin Kt qu t c
1
5 tun
(07/12/10 - 15/01/11)
Lc kho cc ti liu c
lin quan v vit
cng
Nm c phng
php thc hin ti
2
4 tun
(16/01/11 14/02/11)
Thit k v xy dng m
hnh b
To c m hnh
3
6 tun
(15/02/11 30/04/11)
Chy m hnh v ghi
nhn kt qu qua cc ln
phn tch
Cc s liu
4
3 tun
(31/04/11 20/04/11)
X l s liu, vit bo
co
Bi bo co hon
chnh

3.3. Mc tiu nghin cu
Xy dng m hnh b aerotank hot ng theo m (SBR) xc nh
hiu sut x l cc thng s SS, COD, BOD
5
, N-NH
4
+
, PO
4
3-
theo thi gian
sc kh l 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 10h, 12h vi nng bn 30%, 40%.
3.4. Ni dung nghin cu
- Xc nh lng nc thi cn x l, sau tnh ton m hnh;

Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 15
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067
- Xc nh thnh phn v tnh cht nc thi trc khi x l qua thng s
nhit , pH, SS, COD, BOD
5
, N-NH
4
+
, PO
4
3-
;
- Phn tch bn hot tnh xc nh kh nng lng ca bn;
- Chun b vt liu, xy dng m hnh;
- Vn hnh m hnh;
- Xc nh thnh phn v tnh cht nc thi sau x l qua thng s SS,
COD, BOD
5
, N-NH
4
+
, PO
4
3-
;
- nh gi hiu qu x l SS, COD, BOD
5
, N-NH
4
+
, PO
4
3-
theo thi gian
x l 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 10h, 12h ng vi nng bn 30%, 40%.
3.5. Phng tin v vt liu nghin cu
- Ha cht phn tch mu:
pH: Giy ch th pH
SS: Giy lc
BOD
5
: KH
2
PO
4
, K
2
HPO
4
, Na
2
HPO
4
, NH
4
Cl, MgSO
4
.7H
2
O,
CaCl
2
.2H
2
O, FeCl
3
.6H
2
O, MnSO
4
, KI, NaN
3
, Na
2
S
2
O
3
.5H
2
O,
Na
2
CO
3
, h tinh bt, H
2
SO
4
.
COD: K
2
CrO
7
, H
2
SO
4
, HgSO
4
, AgSO
4
, Fe(NH
4
)
2
(SO
4
)
2
.6H
2
O,
phenalthroline monohydrate, FeSO
4
.7H
2
O.
N-NH
4
+
: Phenol, methnol, NaClO, Na
2
[Fe(CN)
5
NO].2H
2
O,
NaOH, C
6
H
5
O
7
Na
3
.2H
2
O, Na
3
PO
4
.12H
2
O, NH
4
Cl.
PO
4
3-
: K(SbO)C
4
H
4
O
6
.1/2H
2
O, (NH
4
)
6
Mo
7
O
24
.4H
2
O, KH
2
PO
4
,
H
2
SO
4
, ascorbic acid, tartaric acid.
- Thit b phn tch mu: Cn phn tch, t sy, t , t tr mu, bp
un, my ly tm, my o quang UV VIS, b lc chn khng, bnh ht m,
nhit k thy ngn.
- Dng c phn tch mu: Pipet, buret, erlen, beaker, gi ng nghim,
bt s, ng COD, bnh nh mc, ng ong, mung mc ha cht, chai
DO.
- Vt liu lm m hnh: Keo, mica, thng nha, ng nha, bt, van.
3.6. Phng php nghin cu
3.6.1. Phng php thu mu

Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 16
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067
a) V tr ly mu
- Nc thi thy sn u vo m hnh: Thu ti ng x nc thi t b
tuyn ni sang b aerotank ca h thng XLNT thy sn Cng ty C phn
Vit An.
- Bn hot tnh: Thu ti ng x bn hon lu t b lng cui v b
aerotank ca h thng XLNT thy sn Cng ty C phn Vit An.
- Nc u ra ca m hnh: Thu phn nc trong sau khi lng trong ng
ong 30 pht.
Hnh sau y th hin v tr ly nc thi v bn hot tnh trong h thng
XLNT Cng ty C phn Vit An.















b) Cch bo qun mu
Cch bo qun mu nc theo ch tiu phn tch c trnh bi theo bng sau
y:

B lng
B kh trng
B cha bn
Nc sau x l
H gom
B tuyn ni
B aerotank
B iu ha
Nc thi
Nc thi
Bn hon lu
Hnh 3.1: H thng XLNT ca Cng ty C phn Vit An

Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 17
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067
Bng 3.2: Phng thc bo qun mu v thi gian tn tr
STT Ch tiu Phng thc bo qun Thi gian tn tr ti a
1 Nhit Phn tch ngay sau khi ly mu
2 pH Phn tch ngay sau khi ly mu
3 COD 4
o
C 6 gi
4 BOD
5
4
o
C 6 gi
5 N-NH
4
+
4
o
C, H
2
SO
4
, pH < 2 7 ngy
6 PO
4
3-
4
o
C 48 gi

3.6.2. Xy dng m hnh
a) Thit k m hnh
Trong nghin cu ny, ti thit k m hnh theo Trnh Xun Lai (2000):
Bng 3.3: Mt s cng thc tnh ton m hnh
STT Thng s Cng thc Ghi ch
Q: Lng nc cn x l
1 Th tch b
V =
0, 6
Q

0,6: Th tch nc x l bng
60% dung tch b
A: Chiu di b
B: Chiu rng b 2 Kch thc b A x B x H
H: Chiu cao b




Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 18
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067
b) Chun b vt liu xy dng m hnh
Bng 3.4: Vt liu lm m hnh
STT Tn thit b Vt liu Ghi ch
1 B cha nc thi vo Thng nha 20 lt
2 B SBR Mica 1 b 30 lt
3 B cha nc thi ra Thng nha 20 lt
4 B lng Thy tinh 2 ng ong, 1000ml
5 Thit b phn phi kh bt
ng knh kh vo 3mm,
bt kh 0,1 1mm, 1 b 2
6 Van x bn, nc Nha
7 ng dn nc, kh ng nha
8 My bm kh Tng hp Lu lng kh 0,038m
3
/pht
c) M hnh th nghim












Hnh 3.2: M hnh b SBR d kin xy dng
bt thi kh
My bm kh
Nc sau x l
SBR 1
SBR 2
Nc thi
Van x nc
Van x bn

Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 19
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067
* Vn hnh m hnh
- Cp bn hot tnh cho 2 b SBR vi nng bn 30% th nghim 1
v 40% th nghim 2.
- Cho 30 lt nc thi t b cha nc thi ln lt chy vo 2 b SBR.
- Sc kh 12h xo trn bn v kh, trong thi gian sc kh tin hnh
theo di DO, nng oxy ha tan duy tr 4 6 mg/l.
- nh k 2h ly mu trong mi b SBR lng 30 pht trong ng ong
1000ml.
- Ly nc u ra phn tch cc ch tiu SS, BOD
5
, COD, N-NH
4
+
,
PO
4
3-

Da vo nng u vo v u ra ca cc thng s, xc nh c hiu
sut x l SS, BOD
5
, COD, N-NH
4
+
, PO
4
3-
theo thi gian sc kh 2h, 4h,
6h, 8h, 10h, 12h qua 2 th nghim.
3.6.3. Cch tin hnh th nghim
1) Phn tch nc thi u vo v bn hot tnh
2) Kho st hiu sut x l SS, BOD
5
, COD, N-NH
4
+
, PO
4
3-
theo thi
gian sc kh 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 10h, 12h
* Th nghim 1(TN1): Nng bn 30%
Bc 1: Chun b 30 lt nc thi thy sn;
Bc 2: Chun b bn hot tnh;
Bn ly t cng ty em v sc kh khong 3h n nh bn
Bc 3: Ln lt cp bn hot tnh vo b 1 4,5 lt v b 2 4,5 lt, nng
bn trong b l 3000mg/l;
Bc 4: Bc my thi kh;
Bc 5: Ln lt cp nc thi vo b 1, b 2 mi b 15 lt, lu lng l
0,75lt/pht;
Bc 6: nh k cch 2h ly nc thi trong 2 b ra lng 30 pht
trong 2 ng ong;
Bc 7: Ly phn nc trong phn tch cc ch tiu SS, BOD
5
, COD, N-
NH
4
+
, PO
4
3-
;

Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 20
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067
Bc 8: Sau 12h, tt my thi kh, ra m hnh.
* Th nghim 2 (TN2): Nng bn 40%
Bc 1: Chun b 30 lt nc thi thy sn;
Bc 2: Ln lt cp bn hot tnh vo b 1 6 lt v b 2 6 lt, nng
bn trong b l 4000mg/l ;
Bc 3: Bc my thi kh;
Bc 4: Ln lt cp nc thi vo b 1, b 2 mi b 15 lt, lu lng l
0,75lt/pht;
Bc 5: nh k cch 2h ly nc thi trong 2 b ra lng 30 pht
trong 2 ng ong;
Bc 6: Ly phn nc trong phn tch cc ch tiu SS, BOD
5
, COD, N -
NH
4
+
, PO
4
3-
;
Bc 7: Sau 12h x l, ngng chy m hnh;
Bc 8: Ra m hnh.
3.6.4. Phng php phn tch
Bng 3.5: Cc thng s v phng php phn tch
STT Thng s n v Phng php phn tch
1 Nhit
o
C Nhit k
2 pH Xc nh bng giy ch th pH
3 SS mg/l Phng php trng lng (lc qua giy
lc si thy tinh, = 47mm)
4 COD mg/l Phng php bicromat

5 BOD
5
mg/l Phng php winkler
6 N - NH
4
+
mg/l Phng php Indophenol blue
7 PO
4
3-
mg/l Phng php Molybden blue


Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 21
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067
3.6.5. Phng php x l s liu
S dng phn mm ng dng Microsoft Excel x l s liu phn
tch.


























Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 22
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067
Chng 4
KT QU V THO LUN

4.1. Kt qu thit k v xy dng m hnh
4.1.1. Kt qu thit k
Bng 4.1: Kt qu tnh ton b SBR
STT Thng s Kt qu n v
1 Th tch 1 b V = 0,025m
3


m
3
2 Chiu di b A = 0,4m m
3 Chiu rng b B = 0,3m m
4 Chiu cao b H = 0,25m m

4.1.2. Kt qu xy dng













Hnh 4.1: M hnh b SBR

Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 23
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067
4.2. Kt qu qu trnh th nghim
4.2.1. Kt qu phn tch nc thi u vo v bn hot tnh
a) Nc thi u vo
Nc thi c phn tch qua 3 t. Kt qu phn tch nh sau:
Bng 4.2: Thnh phn v tnh cht nc thi u vo
Gi tr u vo
STT Thng s
t 1 t 2 t 3
n v
1 Nhit 25 25 26
o
C
2 pH 7 7 7
3 SS 250 225 166,76 mg/l
4 COD 1025 1208 986 mg/l
5 BOD
5
786 820 592,6 mg/l
6 N - NH
4
+
16,24 16,74 16,75 mg/l
7 PO
4
3-
6,55 6,68 6,63 mg/l
Qua 3 t phn tch mu nc thi u vo cho thy:
- Gi tr u vo ca SS, COD, BOD
5
cao. Hm lng SS khong
166,76 - 250 mg/l, nng COD khong 986 - 1208 mg/l v nng BOD
5

khong 592,6 - 820 mg/l. Ngoi ra, nc thi cn c mu xm en v mi hi
thi rt kh chu.
- T l BOD
5
/COD = 0,6 - 0,77, gi tr pH = 7 thch hp x l bng
phng php sinh hc.
- S liu gia 3 t phn tch khng ng nht, c s sai khc tng
i ln c th nh hm lng COD phn tch t 2 ln hn t 3 n 222
mg/l, hm lng BOD
5
phn tch t 2 ln hn t 3 ti 227,4 mg/l, cc ch
tiu cn li c s chnh lch khng ng k. Qua , chng t hm lng cc
cht nhim trong nc thi ph thuc vo thnh phn nguyn liu c sn

Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 24
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067
xut. V vy, c chnh xc cao vic phn tch mu nc thi u vo
trong mi t trc khi a nc thi vo chy m hnh l rt cn thit.
b) Bn hot tnh
Bn hot tnh ly t Cng ty C phn Vit An em v xc nh ch s
bn nh gi kh nng lng ca bn. Kt qu nh sau:

Ch s bn: SVI = = 64,69 ml/g

T kt qu phn tch ch s bn, chng t bn hot tnh lng tt (theo
Trnh Xun Lai (2000), x l nc thi bng bn hot tnh SVI thng dao
ng 50 - 150 ml/g). V vy, bn ly ti Cng ty C phn Vit An c th dng
x l sinh hc.
4.2.2. Hiu sut x l nc thi
a) Th nghim 1 (TN1): Nng bn 30%
Nc thi ly t 2 c a vo s dng vi ln th nghim ny.
* Ch tiu SS:
Bng sau y l kt qu x l SS theo thi gian:
Bng 4.3: Hiu sut x l SS theo thi gian
SS u ra (mg/l) Hiu sut x l (%)
SS u vo
(mg/l)
Thi
gian
B 1 B 2

B 1 B 2
2h 66,67 60 70,37 73,33
4h 47,14 54,55 79,05 75,76
6h 35,05 42,86 84,42 80,95
8h 22,25 33,3 90,11 85,2
10h 19,3 25 91,42 88,89
225
12h 18,67 19,5 91,7 91,33

Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 25
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067
T kt qu phn tch c th kt lun nh sau:
- Do b SBR c giai on lng tnh nn cn lng c lng hon ton
thi gian u ch cn li cn l lng dng keo khng lng c. V
vy, nng SS gim mnh trong thi gian u, ch vi 2h sc kh v
lng 30 pht hiu sut t trn 70%. Cn l lng dng keo cn li c
hp th dn theo thi gian x l bi cc bng bn hot tnh nn cng v
sau nng SS cng gim, hiu sut x l cng tng.
- Ch cn 6h sc kh v 30 pht lng, nng SS nc thi u ra t
loi A TCVN 5945 - 2005.
- Sau 12h, hiu sut x l ca 2 b t trn 90%.
Hiu sut x l SS ca 2 b th hin r qua hnh 4.2:

Hnh 4.2: S thay i SS theo thi gian ca 2 b nng bn 30%

* Ch tiu COD:
Kt qu phn tch COD th hin r qua bng 4.4:






Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 26
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067
Bng 4.4: Hiu sut x l COD theo thi gian
COD u ra (mg/l) Hiu sut x l (%) COD
u vo
(mg/l)
Thi
gian
B 1 B 2

B 1 B 2
2h 1034,66 1127,7 14,35 6,65
4h 969,1 972,16 19,78 19,52
6h 749,95 712,18 37,92 41,04
8h 587,4 559,4 51,37 53,69
10h 485,52 436,86 59,8 63,84
1208
12h 430,74 409,97 64,34 66,06

Kt lun:
Nhn chung, hiu qu x l COD cng tng theo thi gian. Qua 4h x
l hiu sut t khng cao, do thi gian u l thi gian vi sinh vt thch
nghi vi nc thi.
Hiu sut x l COD sau 12h mc trung bnh t 64,34% vi b 1 v
66,06% vi b 2.
Hnh 4.3 minh ha r s thay i COD theo thi gian:

Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 27
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067

Hnh 4.3: S thay i COD theo thi gian ca 2 b nng bn 30%

* Ch tiu BOD
5
:
Bng 4.5: Hiu sut x l BOD
5
theo thi gian
BOD
5
u ra (mg/l) Hiu sut x l (%) BOD
5

u vo
(mg/l)
Thi
gian
B 1 B 2

B 1 B 2
2h 693,2 698,84 15,46 14,78
4h 646,3 596,4 21,18 27,27
6h 487,47 479,97 40,55 41,47
8h 321,2 278,3 60,83 66,06
10h 205,6 214 74,93 73,9
820
12h 197,9 183,7 75,87 77,59
Qua kt qu phn tch t bng 4.5, c th nhn thy rng:
- Nng BOD
5
gim dn theo thi gian v vsv hiu kh sng dng cht
nn (BOD) lm thc n.

Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 28
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067
- Nng BOD
5
gim mnh nht trong thi gian t 6h 8h. y l giai
on s lng vsv pht trin mnh.
- Hiu sut x l BOD
5
cao, kt thc thi gian x l hiu sut t
75,87% vi b 1 v 77,59% vi b 2.
Hnh 4.4 th hin r s gim nng BOD
5
theo thi gian:

Hnh 4.4: S thay i BOD
5
theo thi gian ca 2 b nng bn 30%

* Ch tiu N-NH
4
+
:
Qua bng 4.6 v hnh 4.5, c th kt lun rng:
Sau 12h sc kh v 30 pht lng hiu qu x l N-NH
4
+
t khng cao
khong 30%. Do qu trnh nitrat ha v kh nitrat din ra nn N-NH
4
+

gim. Qu trnh din ra

nh sau: Trong qu trnh oxy ha, N-NH
4
+
chuyn
thnh NO
3

nh cc loi vi khun Nitrosomonas v Nitrobacter. Khi mi

trng thiu oxy, cc vi khun kh nitrat s tch oxy khi NO
3

oxy ha
cht hu c, nit to thnh

s thot khi nc. Phng trnh phn ng nh
sau:
NH
4
+
+ 1,5O
2
NO
2
-
+ H
2
O + 2H
+


NO
2
-
+ 0,5O
2
NO
3
-


VK
Nitrobacter
Nitroza
Nitrosomonas

Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 29
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067
Bng 4.6: Hiu sut x l N-NH
4
+

theo thi gian
N-NH
4
+
u ra (mg/l) Hiu sut x l (%) N-NH
4
+

u vo
(mg/l)
Thi
gian
B 1 B 2

B 1 B 2
2h 16,29 16,49 2,69 1,49
4h 16,26 15,59 2,87 6,87
6h 15,37 14,58 8,18 12,9
8h 13,79 14,1 17,62 15,77
10h 12,56 12,4 24,97 25,93
16,74
12h 11,45 11,76 31,6 29,75


Hnh 4.5: S thay i N-NH
4
+
theo thi gian ca 2 b nng bn 30%

* Ch tiu PO
4
3-

Kt qu phn tch PO
4
3-
nh sau:


Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 30
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067
Bng 4.7: Hiu sut x l PO
4
3-
theo thi gian
PO
4
3-
u ra (mg/l) Hiu sut x l (%) PO
4
3-

u vo
(mg/l)
Thi
gian
B 1 B 2

B 1 B 2
2h 6,63 6,65 0,75 0,45
4h 6,46 6,22 2,09 6,89
6h 6,36 6,25 4,79 6,44
8h 5,92 5,85 11,38 12,43
10h 5,38 4,98 19,46 25,45
6,68
12h 4,95 4,86 25,9 27,25
T bng 4.7, c th kt lun rng:
- Nng PO
4
3-
gim dn theo thi gian. V P cng l cht dinh dng
cho vi khun sng v pht trin.
- Hiu sut x l PO
4
3-
thp hn hiu sut x l ca 4 ch tiu cn li, ch
t khong 25% sau 12h x l.
Sau y l hnh biu din s thay i PO
4
3-
theo thi gian:

Hnh 4.6: S thay i PO
4
3-
theo thi gian ca 2 b nng bn 30%

Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 31
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067
b) Th nghim 2 (TN2): Nng bn 40%
Nc thi ly t 3 c a vo s dng vi ln th nghim ny.
* Ch tiu SS:
Bng 4.8: Hiu sut x l SS theo thi gian
SS u ra (mg/l) Hiu sut x l (%) SS u
vo
(mg/l)
Thi
gian
B 1 B 2

B 1 B 2
2h 42,5 57,1 74,5 65,74
4h 28 36,36 83,2 78,18
6h 23,3 23,53 86 85,88
8h 20 19,05 88 88,57
10h 17,5 15,24 89,5 90,86
166,67
12h 14,2 12,47 91,48 92,5


Hnh 4.7: S thay i SS theo thi gian ca 2 b nng bn 40%
T kt qu phn tch trn bng 4.8 v hnh 4.7, nhn thy rng:

Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 32
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067
Cng ging nh TN1, TN2 nng SS cng gim mnh trong thi
gian u. Sau 12h sc kh v lng 30 pht hiu sut t 91,48% vi b 1 v t
92,5% vi b 2. Vi 4h x l nng ca nc thi u ra t loi A TCVN
5945 - 2005.

* Ch tiu COD:
Bng 4.9: Hiu sut x l COD theo thi gian
COD u ra (mg/l) Hiu sut x l (%) COD
u vo
(mg/l)
Thi
gian
B 1 B 2

B 1 B 2
2h 874,9 930,5 11,27 5,63
4h 778 819,4 21,09 16,9
6h 583,3 541,6 40,84 45,07
8h 421 402,75 57,3 59,15
10h 291,6 236,1 70,43 76,05
986
12h 259,9 215,4 73,64 78,15


Hnh 4.8: S thay i COD theo thi gian ca 2 b nng bn 40%

Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 33
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067
Thng qua bng 4.9 v hnh 4.8 c th kt lun rng:
- Nng COD ca nc thi u ra gim dn n 12h x l. T 10h -
12h nng gim nh, do s lng vi khun cht dn t kh nng
tiu th cht hu c gim.
- Hiu sut x l COD sau 12h t khong 75%.

* Ch tiu BOD
5
:
Bng 4.10: Hiu sut x l BOD
5
theo thi gian
BOD
5
u ra (mg/l) Hiu sut x l (%) BOD
5
u vo
(mg/l)
Thi
gian
B 1 B 2

B 1 B 2
2h 568,7 547,3 4,03 7,64
4h 486,14 491,64 17,96 17,04
6h 291 308,7 50,89 47,9
8h 182 223 69,29 62,36
10h 124,7 128,55 78,96 78,31
592,6
12h 94,73 100,3 84 83,07
Qua bng kt qu phn tch, nhn thy rng:
nng bn 40%, kh nng x l BOD
5
cao t gn 85% sau 12h x
l, v nng bn cao nn s lng vsv tiu th cht hu c s nhiu.
Hnh 4.9 biu din s thay i BOD
5
theo thi gian:

Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 34
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067

Hnh 4.9: S thay i BOD
5
theo thi gian ca 2 b nng bn 40%

* Ch tiu N-NH
4
+

Bng 4.11: Hiu sut x l N-NH
4
+

theo thi gian
N-NH
4
+
u ra (mg/l) Hiu sut x l (%) N-NH
4
+

u vo
(mg/l)
Thi
gian
B 1 B 2

B 1 B 2
2h 16,66 16,59 0,54 0,96
4h 15,76 15,56 5,91 7,1
6h 15,15 14,96 9,55 10,67
8h 12,46 13,2 26 21,62
10h 10,93 11,18 34,55 33,25
16,75
12h 10,85 10,97 35,22 34,5
Nhn xt:
- Sau 2h sc kh v lng 30 pht hiu qu kh N-NH
4
+
tng khng ng
k, b 1 x l c 0,54% v b 2 x l c 0,96%. Hiu sut x l t 2h
6h v t 10h 12h tng nh, t 6h 8h tng mnh.

Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 35
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067
- Sau 12h x l, hiu sut x l N-NH
4
+
t khong 35%.
Xem s gim nng N-NH
4
+
hnh 4.10:

Hnh 4.10: S thay i N-NH
4
+
theo thi gian ca 2 b nng bn 40%

* Ch tiu PO
4
3-
:
Bng 4.12: Hiu sut x l PO
4
3-
theo thi gian
PO
4
3-
u ra (mg/l) Hiu sut x l (%) PO
4
3-
u vo
(mg/l)
Thi
gian
B 1 B 2

B 1 B 2
2h 5,92 5,94 4,52 4,19
4h 5,65 5,8 8,87 6,45
6h 4,54 4,85 26,77 21,77
8h 4,35 4,74 29,84 23,55
10h 4,25 4,36 31,45 29,68
6,2
12h 4,22 4,32 31,94 30,32


Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 36
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067


Hnh 4.11: S thay i PO
4
3-
theo thi gian ca 2 b nng bn 40%
T hnh v bng trn kt lun nh sau:
Hiu sut x l PO
4
3-
tng n kt thc thi gian x l. Hiu sut x l
cui cng ca 2 b cng kh ng nht t c khong 31%.

4.2.3. Nhn xt chung
Qua kt qu thc nghim sau qu trnh th nghim, nhn thy rng:
- mi th nghim, lng bn, lng kh cp cho 2 b l nh nhau
nhng hiu sut x l SS, COD, BOD
5
, N-NH
4
+
, PO
4
3-
ca 2 b khng
hon ton ging nhau, do ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh thnh phn vi
sinh vt, thnh phn cht dinh dng hay qu trnh th nghim. Tuy
nhin, hiu sut x l sau 12h x l gia 2 b cng kh ng nht.
- Qu trnh oxy ha lm cho nc thi u ra c mu sng v khng cn
mi hi kh chu.
Hiu sut x l SS, COD, BOD
5
, N-NH
4
+
, PO
4
3-
sau 12h x l ca 2 th
nghim th hin qua hnh sau:

Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 37
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067

Hnh 4.12: Hiu sut x l SS, COD, BOD
5
, NH
4
+
, PO
4
3-
ca 2 th nghim
T hnh 4.12, c th kt lun rng:
- Qua 2 th nghim, hiu sut x l SS t cao nht trn 90%, ch tiu k
n l BOD
5
t khong 80%, tip theo l COD t khong 70%, cn
li l N-NH
4
+
t khong 33% v PO
4
3-
t khong 29%.
- Hiu sut x l SS, COD, BOD
5
, N-NH
4
+
, PO
4
3-
ca TN2 cao hn hiu
sut x l SS, COD, BOD
5
, N-NH
4
+
, PO
4
3-
ca TN1. Qua , chng t
nng bn hot tnh l lng trong b cng cao th kh nng x l
cng ln, gim c thi gian x l. C th nh sau:
+ SS: TN1 t khong 91,5% TN2 t khong 92%
+ COD: TN1 t khong 65% TN2 t khong 76%
+ BOD
5
: TN1 t khong 76% TN2 t khong 83,5%
+ NH
4
+
: TN1 t khong 30% TN2 t khong 35%
+ PO
4
3-
: TN1 t khong 27% TN2 t khong 31%
- Qua 2 th nghim nhn thy, nn x l nc thi vi nng bn 40%
s cho hiu qu x l cao.
- Do cha m bo c mt s iu kin x l sinh hc nn kh nng
XLNT thy sn c 2 th nghim vn cha t hiu sut ti u v nc
thi u ra vn cha t TCVN 5945 - 2005 v ch tiu COD v BOD
5
.
Mt s iu kin nh:

Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 38
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067
+ BOD
5
u vo thng < 400 mg/l
+ Hm lng SS u vo khng qu 150 mg/l.
+ T l BOD
5
:N:P = 100:5:1
+ Tng mui ha tan khng qu 10g/l.

























Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 39
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067
Chng 5
KT LUN V KIN NGH

5.1. Kt lun
Sau qu trnh nghin cu ti hon thnh cc mc tiu sau:
- Thit k v xy dng thnh cng m hnh.
- Xc nh c hiu sut x l SS, COD, BOD
5
, N-NH
4
+
, PO
4
3-
ca
nc thi vi ln chy m hnh nng bn 30%, 40%. C th nh
sau:
+ Hiu qu x l SS, COD, BOD
5
vi nng bn 30% v 40% t
kh cao, SS t trn 90%, BOD
5
t khong 80%, COD t khong
70%. Hiu qu x l N-NH
4
+
, PO
4
3-
khng cao, N-NH
4
+
t khong
33% v PO
4
3-
t khong 29%.
+ Hiu qu x l SS, COD, BOD
5
, N-NH
4
+
, PO
4
3-
nng bn 40%
cao hn x l nng bn 30%.
+ Mu ca nc thi sng v mi khng kh chu.
+ Kh nng XLNT thy sn c 2 th nghim vn cha t hiu sut x
l ti u v nc thi u ra vn cha t TCVN 5945 - 2005 v ch tiu COD
v BOD
5
.
- Qua kt qu thc nghim sau qu trnh nghin cu, nhn thy rng:
XLNT thy sn nng bn hot tnh 40% s cho hiu qu x l cao.
Qua qu trnh th nghim gp vn nh sau:
- Do nh k 2h ly nc thi u ra v thi gian x l l 12h nn gy
kh khn trong vic theo di qu trnh th nghim.
5.2. Kin ngh
- Do thi gian thc hin ti cn hn ch, ti ch kho st hiu sut
XLNT nng bn 30%, 40% v thi gian x l l 12h kt qu l cha tm
c hiu sut x l ti u ca b. Nu c nghin cu, nn thay i nng
bn v thi gian x l t c hiu sut x l ti u.

Kha lun tt nghip DH8MT

GVHD: Th.s Trn Th Hng Ngc 40
SVTH: Trn Th Vng DMT072067
- nc thi u ra t tiu chun mi trng nn lm gim nng
SS, COD, BOD
5
trc khi a nc thi vo x l sinh hc bng bn hot
tnh.
- t c hiu qu x l ti u ca b nn to iu kin thch hp
cho qu trnh x l nh:
+ X l SS hm lng khng qu 150 mg/l trc khi x l sinh hc.
+ Nu BOD
5
, COD cao nn x l ym kh trc khi x l sinh hc.
+ m bo t l BOD
5
:N:P bng cch chm thm cht dinh dng N, P
+ iu chnh pH khong 6,5 8,5.
+ Theo di bn hot tnh.