Giao Trinh PLC

GIO TRNH H THNG IU KHIN LP TRNH 2007
B MN: O LNG V IU KHIN T NG Page1

Mc lc
Ni dung Trang
Chng 1: L thuyt c s
1.1. Nhng nim c bn ....................................................................................................................... 2
1.2. Cc phng php biu din hm logic.............................................................................. 7
1.3. Cc phng php ti thiu ho hm logic...................................................................... 9
1.4. Cc h mch logic............................................................................................................................ 13
1.5. Grafcet m t mch trnh t trong cng nghip ......................................... 15
Chng 2: Mt s ng dng mch logic trong iu khin
2.1. Cc thit b iu khin ................................................................................................................. 24
2.2. Cc s khng ch ng c rto lng sc.................................................................. 25
2.3. Cc s khng ch ng c khng ng b rto dy qun........................... 29
2.4. Khng ch ng c in mt chiu...................................................................................... 31
Chng 3: L lun chung v iu khin logic lp trnh PLC
3.1. M u....................................................................................................................................................... 33
3.2. Cc thnh phn c bn ca mt b PLC........................................................................... 34
3.3. Cc vn v lp trnh................................................................................................................... 37
3.4. nh gi u nhc im ca PLC ....................................................................................... 43
Chng 4: B iu khin PLC CPM1A
4.1. Cu hnh cng....................................................................................................................................... 45
4.2. Ghp ni.................................................................................................................................................... 49
4.3. Ngn ng lp trnh............................................................................................................................. 51
Chng 5: B iu khin PLC S5
5.1. Cu to ca b PLC S5.......................................................................................................... 54
5.2. a ch v gn a ch..................................................................................................................... 55
5.3. Vng i tng.................................................................................................................................... 57
5.4. Cu trc ca chng trnh S5.................................................................................................... 58
5.5. Bng lnh ca S5 95U............................................................................................................ 59
5.6. C php mt s lnh c bn ca S5..................................................................................... 60
Chng 6: B iu khin PLC S7 - 200
6.1. Cu hnh cng........................................................................................................................................ 70
6.2. Cu trc b nh...................................................................................................................................... 73
6.3. Chng trnh ca S7- 200.............................................................................................................. 75
6.4. Lp trnh mt s lnh c bn ca S7- 200 .................................................................... 76
Chng 7: B iu khin PLC S7-300
7.1. Cu hnh cng....................................................................................................................................... 78
7.2. Vng i tng..................................................................................................................................... 81
7.3. Ngn ng lp trnh ............................................................................................................................ 83
7.4. Lp trnh mt s lnh c bn...................................................................................................... 84
Ph lc 1: Cc phn mm lp trnh PLC
I. Lp trnh cho OMRON...................................................................................................................... 86
II. Lp trnh cho PLC- S5....................................................................................................................... 92
III. Lp trnh cho PLC S7-200.................................................................................................... 97
IV. Lp trnh cho PLC S7-300.................................................................................................... 101
Ph lc 2: Bng lnh ca cc phn mm
1. Bng lnh ca PLC CPM1A.................................................................................................... 105
2. Bng lnh ca PLC S5.................................................................................................................. 112
3. Bng lnh ca PLC S7 -200...................................................................................................... 117
4. Bng lnh ca PLC S7-300 ....................................................................................................... 128



Phn 1: Logic hai trng thi v ng dng
Chng 1: L Thuyt C S
1.1. Nhng khi nim c bn
1. Khi nim v logic hai trng thi
Trong cuc sng cc s vt v hin tng thng biu din hai trng thi
i lp, thng qua hai trng thi i lp r rt ca n con ngi nhn thc c
s vt v hin tng mt cch nhanh chng bng cch phn bit hai trng thi
. Chng hn nh ta ni nc sch v bn, gi c t v r, nc si v khng
si, hc sinh hc gii v dt, kt qu tt v xu...
Trong k thut, c bit l k thut in v iu khin, ta thng c khi
nim v hai trng thi: ng v ct nh ng in v ct in, ng my v
ngng my...
Trong ton hc, lng ho hai trng thi i lp ca s vt v hin tng
ngi ta dng hai gi tr: 0 v 1. Gi tr 0 hm c trng cho mt trang thi ca
s vt hoc hin tng, gi tr 1 c trng cho trng thi i lp ca s vt v
hin tng . Ta gi cc gi tr 0 hoc 1 l cc gi tr logic.
Cc nh bc hc xy dng cc c s ton hc tnh ton cc hm v cc
bin ch ly hai gi tr 0 v 1 ny, hm v bin c gi l hm v bin logic,
c s ton hc tnh ton hm v bin logic gi l i s logic. i s logic
cng c tn l i s Boole v ly tn nh ton hc c cng u trong vic xy
dng nn cng c i s ny. i s logic l cng c ton hc phn tch v
tng hp cc h thng thit b v mch s. N nghin cu cc mi quan h gia
cc bin s trng thi logic. Kt qu nghin cu th hin l mt hm trng thi
cng ch nhn hai gi tr 0 hoc 1.
2. Cc hm logic c bn
Mt hm ) x ,..., x , x ( f y
n 2 1
= vi cc bin x
1
, x
2
, ... x
n
ch nhn hai gi tr: 0
hoc 1 v hm y cng ch nhn hai gi tr: 0 hoc 1 th gi l hm logic.
Hm logic mt bin: ) x ( f y =
Vi bin x s nhn hai gi tr: 0 hoc 1, nn hm y c 4 kh nng hay thng
gi l 4 hm y
0
, y
1
, y
2
, y
3
. Cc kh nng v cc k hiu mch rle v in t ca
hm mt bin nh trong bng 1.1 Bng 1.1
Tn
hm
Bng chn l Thut ton
logic
K hiu s Ghi
ch
x 0 1 Kiu rle Kiu khi in t
Hm
khng
y
0
0 0 0 y
0
=
x x y
0
=

Hm
o

y
1
1 0 x y
1
=
y
1
x
1
x
x
y
1
y
1


Hm
lp
(YES)
y
2
0 1 x y
2
=
Hm
n v
y
3
1 1 3 y
3
=
x x y
3
+ =

Trong cc hm trn hai hm y
0
v y
3
lun c gi tr khng i nn t c
quan tm, thng ch xt hai hm y
1
v y
2
.
Hm logic hai bin ) x , x ( f y
2 1
=
Vi hai bin logic x
1
, x
2
, mi bin nhn hai gi tr 0 v 1, nh vy c 16 t
hp logic to thnh 16 hm. Cc hm ny c th hin trn bng1.2
Bng 1.2
Tn
hm
Bng chn l Thut ton
logic
K hiu s Ghi
ch
x
1
x
2
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
Kiu rle Kiu khi
in t
Hm
khng
y
0
0 0 0 0
2 2
1 1 0
x x
x x y
+
=
Hm
lun
bng
0
Hm
Piec

y
1

0

0

0

1
2 1
2 1 1
x x
x x y
+ =
=
Hm
cm
x
1

INHIBIT
x
1

y
2

0

0

1

0

2 1 2
x x y =

Hm
o x
1
y
3
0 0 1 1
1 3
x y =
Hm
cm
x
2

INHIBIT
x
2

y
4

0

1

0

0
2 1 4
x x y =
Hm
o x
2
y
5
0 1 0 1
2 5
x y =
y
2
x

1
x
x
y
2
y
2
y
3
x

x
y
1
1
x
2
x
x
1
x
2
y
1
y
2
1
x
2
x
x
1
x
2
y
2
x
1
x
2
y
2
&

y
4
1
x
2
x
x
2
x
1
y
4
x
2
x
1
y
4
&

x
1
y
3
x
2
y
5
y
3
1
x
y
5
2
x


Hm
hoc
loi
tr
XOR

y
6

0

1

1

0

2 1
2 1 6
x x
x x y
+
=

Cng
mod
ule
Hm
Chef-
fer

y
7

0

1

1

1
2 1
2 1 7
x x
x x y
=
+ =
Hm
v
AND

y
8

1

0

0

0

2 1 8
x x y =

Hm
cng
du

y
9

1

0

0

1
2 1
2 1 9
x x
x x y
+
=

Hm
lp x
2
y
10
1 0 1 0
2 10
x y =
Ch
ph
thuc
x
2
Hm
ko
theo
x
2

y
11

1

0

1

1

2 1 11
x x y + =

Hm
lp x
1
y
12
1 1 0 0
1 12
x y =
Ch
ph
thuc
x
1
Hm
ko
theo
x
1

y
13

1

1

0

1
2 1 13
x x y + =

Hm
hoc
OR

y
14

1

1

1

0

2 1 14
x x y + =

Hm
n v

y
15

1

1

1

1
) x x (
) x x ( y
2 2
1 1 15
+
+ =

Hm
lun
bng
1
Ta nhn thy rng, cc hm i xng nhau qua trc nm gia y
7
v y
8
, ngha
l
15 0
y y = ,
14 1
y y = ...
Hm logic n bin ) x ,..., x , x ( f y
n 2 1
=
y
6
1
x
2
x
1
x
2
x
x
2
x
1
y
6
x
2
x
1
y
6
=1

y
7
2
x
1
x
x
2
x
1
y
7
y
8
1
x
2
x
x
2 y
8
x
1
x
2
x
1
y
8
&

y
9
1
x
2
x
1
x
2
x
x
2
x
1
y
9

y
10
2
x x
2
y
10
y
12
1
x x
1
y
12
y
11
2
x
1
x
x
2
x
1
y
11
y
13
1
x
2
x
x
1
x
2
y
13
y
14
1
x
2
x
x
1
x
2
y
14
x
1
x
2
y
14
1
y
15
1
x
2
x
1
x
2
x
x
1
x
1
x
1
x
1
y
15


Vi hm logic n bin, mi bin nhn mt trong hai gi tr 0 hoc 1 nn ta c
2
n
t hp bin, mi t hp bin li nhn hai gi tr 0 hoc 1, do vy s hm logic
tng l
n
2
2 . Ta thy vi 1 bin c 4 kh nng to hm, vi 2 bin c 16 kh nng
to hm, vi 3 bin c 256 kh nng to hm. Nh vy khi s bin tng th s
hm c kh nng to thnh rt ln.
Trong tt c cc hm c to thnh ta c bit ch n hai loi hm l
hm tng chun v hm tch chun. Hm tng chun l hm cha tng cc tch
m mi tch c tt c cc bin ca hm. Hm tch chun l hm cha tch cc
tng m mi tng u c tt c cc bin ca hm.
3. Cc php tnh c bn
Ngi ta xy dng ba php tnh c bn gia cc bin logic l:
1. Php ph nh (o): k hiu bng du - pha trn k hiu ca bin.
2. Php cng (tuyn): k hiu bng du +. (song song)
3. Php nhn (hi): k hiu bng du .. (ni tip)
4. Tnh cht v mt s h thc c bn
4.1. Cc tnh cht
Tnh cht ca i s logic c th hin bn lut c bn l: lut hon v,
lut kt hp, lut phn phi v lut nghch o.
+ Lut hon v:

1 2 2 1
x x x x + = +

1 2 2 1
x . x x . x =
+ Lut kt hp:
) x x ( x x ) x x ( x x x
3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1
+ + = + + = + +
) x . x .( x x ). x . x ( x . x . x
3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1
= =
+ Lut phn phi:

3 2 3 1 3 2 1
x . x x . x x ). x x ( + = +
) x x ).( x x ( x . x x
3 1 2 1 3 2 1
+ + = +
Ta c th minh ho kim chng tnh ng n ca lut phn phi bng
cch lp bng 1.3 Bng 1.3
x
1
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
x
2
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
x
3
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
) x x ).( x x (
3 1 2 1
+ + 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
3 2 1
x . x x + 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1



Lut phn phi c th hin qua s rle hnh 1.1:

+ Lut nghch o:

2 1 2 1
x x x . x + = ;
2 1 2 1
x . x x x = +
Ta cng minh ho tnh ng n ca lut nghch o bng cch thnh lp
bng 1.4: Bng 1.4
x
1
x
2 1
x
2
x
2 1
x x + 2 1
x . x
2 1
x x +
2 1
x . x
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
Lut nghch o c th hin qua mch rle nh trn hnh 1.2:
Lut nghch o tng qut c th hin bng nh l De Morgan:
... x x x .... x . x . x
3 2 1 3 2 1
+ + + = ; ... x . x . x ... x x x
3 2 1 3 2 1
= + + +
4.2. Cc h thc c bn
Mt s h thc c bn thng dng trong i s logic c cho bng 1.5:
Bng 1.5
1 x 0 x = + 10
1 2 2 1
x . x x . x =
2 x 1 . x = 11
1 2 1 1
x x x x = +
3 0 0 . x = 12
1 2 1 1
x ) x x ( x = +
4 1 1 x = +
13
1 2 1 2 1
x x . x x . x = +
5 x x x = +
14
1 2 1 2 1
x ) x x )( x x ( = + +
6 x x . x = 15
3 2 1 3 2 1
x ) x x ( x x x + + = + +
7 1 x x = +
16
3 2 1 3 2 1
x ). x . x ( x . x . x =
8 0 x . x = 17
2 1 2 1
x . x x x = +
9
1 2 2 1
x x x x + = + 18
2 1 2 1
x x x . x + =

1
x
1
x
2
x
3
x
1
x
2
x
3
x
nh
Hnh 1.1
1
x
2
x
=
1
x
2
x
p
y
p
y
Hnh 1.2


1.2. Cc phng php biu din hm logic
C th biu din hm logic theo bn cch l: biu din bng bng trng thi, biu
din bng phng php hnh hc, biu din bng biu thc i s, biu din bng bng
Karnaugh (ba Can).
1. Phng php biu din bng bng trng thi:
phng php ny cc gi tr ca hm c trnh by trong mt bng. Nu
hm c n bin th bng c 1 n + ct (n ct cho bin v 1 ct cho hm) v 2
n
hng
tng ng vi 2
n
t hp ca bin. Bng ny thng gi l bng trng thi hay
bng chn l.
V d: mt hm 3 bin ) x , x , x ( f y
3 2 1
= vi gi tr ca hm cho trc c biu
din thnh bng 1.6:
u im ca
phng php biu
din bng bng l
d nhn, t nhm
ln. Nhc im l
cng knh, c
bit khi s bin
ln.

2. Phng php biu din hnh hc
Vi phng php hnh hc hm n bin c biu din trong khng gian n
chiu, t hp bin c biu din thnh mt im trong khng gian. Phng
php ny rt phc tp khi s bin ln nn thng t dng.
3. Phng php biu din bng biu thc i s
Ngi ta chng minh c rng, mt hm logic n bin bt k bao gi cng
c th biu din thnh cc hm tng chun y v tch chun y .
Cch vit hm di dng tng chun y
- Hm tng chun y ch quan tm n t hp bin m hm c gi tr
bng 1. S ln hm bng 1 s chnh l s tch ca cc t hp bin.
- Trong mi tch, cc bin c gi tr bng 1 c gi nguyn, cn cc bin c
gi tr bng 0 th c ly gi tr o; ngha l nu 1 x
i
= th trong biu thc
tch s c vit l
i
x , cn nu 0 x
i
= th trong biu thc tch c vit l
i
x . Cc tch ny cn gi l cc mintec v k hiu l m.
- Hm tng chun y s l tng ca cc tch .
V d: Vi hm ba bin bng 1.6 trn ta c hm dng tng chun y l:

6 3 2 0 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1
m m m m x . x . x x . x . x x . x . x x . x . x f + + + = + + + =
TT t hp bin x
1
x
2
x
3
y
0 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 1 0
2 0 1 0 1
3 0 1 1 1
4 1 0 0 0
5 1 0 1 0
6 1 1 0 1
7 1 1 1 0
Bng 1.6


Cch vit hm di dng tch chun y
- Hm tch chun y ch quan tm n t hp bin m hm c gi tr
bng 0. S ln hm bng khng s chnh l s tng ca cc t hp bin.
- Trong mi tng cc bin c gi tr 0 c gi nguyn, cn cc bin c gi
tr 1 c ly o; ngha l nu 0 x
i
= th trong biu thc tng s c vit
l
i
x , cn nu 1 x
i
= th trong biu thc tng c vit bng
i
x . Cc tng
c bn cn c gi tn l cc Maxtec k hiu M.
- Hm tch chun u s l tch ca cc tng .
V d: Vi hm ba bin bng 1.6 trn ta c hm dng tch chun y l:
7 5 4 1
3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 2 1
M M M M
) x x x )( x x x )( x x x )( x x x ( f
+ + + =
+ + + + + + + + =

4. Phng php biu din bng bng Karnaugh (ba can)
Nguyn tc xy dng bng Karnaugh l:
- biu din hm logic n bin cn thnh lp mt bng c 2
n
, mi tng
ng vi mt t hp bin. nh s th t cc trong bng tng ng vi th
t cc t hp bin.
- Cc cnh nhau hoc i xng nhau ch cho php khc nhau v gi tr ca
1 bin.
- Trong cc ghi gi tr ca hm tng ng vi gi tr t hp bin.
V d 1: bng Karnaugh cho hm ba bin bng 1.6 nh bng 1.7 sau:
00 01 11 10

0
0

1 3 2

1
4

5 7 6
V d 2: bng Karnaugh cho hm bn bin nh bng 1.8 sau:
00 01 11 10

00
0

1 3 2

01
4

5 7 6

11
12

13 15 14

10
8

9 11 10
x
2
, x
3
x
1
1

1

1

1

x
3
, x
4
x
1,
x
2
1

1

1

1

1

1

1



1.3. Cc phng php ti thiu ho hm logic
Trong qu trnh phn tch v tng hp mch logic, ta phi quan tm n vn
ti thiu ho hm logic. Bi v, cng mt gi tr hm logic c th c nhiu
hm khc nhau, nhiu cch biu din khc nhau nhng ch tn ti mt cch biu
din gn nht, ti u v s bin v s s hng hay tha s c gi l dng ti
thiu. Vic ti thiu ho hm logic l a chng t mt dng bt k v dng ti
thiu. Ti thiu ho hm logic mang ngha kinh t v k thut ln, c bit khi
tng hp cc mch logic phc tp. Khi chn c mt s ti gin ta s c s
bin cng nh cc kt ni ti gin, gim c chi ph vt t cng nh gim ng
k xc sut hng hc do s phn t nhiu.
V d: Hai s hnh 1.3 u c chc
nng nh nhau, nhng s a s tip
im cn l 3, ng thi cn thm 1 rle
trung gian p, s b ch cn 2 tip im,
khng cn rle trung gian.
Thc cht vic ti thiu ho hm
logic l tm dng biu din i s n
gin nht ca hm v thng c hai
nhm phng php l:
- Phng php bin i i s
- Phng php dng thut ton.
1. Phng php ti thiu ho hm logic bng bin i i s
phng php ny ta phi da vo cc tnh cht v cc h thc c bn ca
i s logic thc hin ti gin cc hm logic. Nhng do tnh trc quan ca
phng php nn nhiu khi kt qu a ra vn khng khng nh r c l
ti thiu hay cha. Nh vy, y khng phi l phng php cht ch cho qu
trnh ti thiu ho.
V d: cho hm

2 1 2 2 1 1 1 2
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
2 1 2 1 2 1
x x ) x x ( x ) x x ( x
) x x x x ( ) x x x x (
x x x x x x f
+ = + + + =
+ + + =
+ + =

2. Phng php ti thiu ho hm logic dng thut ton
Phng php dng bng Karnaugh
y l phng php thng dng v n gin nht, nhng ch tin hnh c
vi h c s bin 6 n . phng php ny cn quan st v x l trc tip trn
bng Karnaugh.
Qui tc ca phng php l: nu c 2
n
c gi tr 1 nm k nhau hp thnh
mt khi vung hay ch nht th c th thay 2
n
ny bng mt ln vi s
1
x
2
x
=
1
x
2
x
p
y
p
y
Hnh 1.3
a,
b,


lng bin gim i n ln. Nh vy, bn cht ca phng php l tm cc k
nhau cha gi tr 1 (cc c gi tr hm khng xc nh cng gn cho gi tr 1)
sao cho lp thnh hnh vung hay ch nht cng ln cng tt. Cc bin nm
trong khu vc ny b loi b l cc bin c gi tr bin i, cc bin c dng l
cc bin c gi tr khng bin i (ch l 0 hoc 1).
Qui tc ny p dng theo th t gim dn ln cc , sao cho cui cng
ton b cc cha gi tr 1 u c bao ph. Cng c th tin hnh ti thiu
theo gi tr 0 ca hm nu s lng ca n t hn nhiu so vi gi tr 1, lc by
gi hm l hm ph nh.
V d: Ti thiu hm

7 5 4 3 1 0
m m m m m m z . y . x z . y . x z . y . x z . y . x z . y . x z . y . x f + + + + + = + + + + + =
+ Lp bng Karnaugh c nh bng 1.9. Bng Karnaugh c 3 bin vi 6 mintec
c gi tr 1. Bng 1.9
00 01 11 10

0
0

2 6 4

1
1

3 7 5

+ Tm nhm cc (hnh ch nht) cha cc c gi tr bng 1, ta c hai
nhm, nhm A v nhm B.
+ Loi bt cc bin cc nhm: Nhm A c bin 1 z = khng i vy n c
gi li cn hai bin x v y thay i theo tng ct do vy mintec mi A ch cn
bin z: z A = . Nhm B c bin x v z thay i, cn bin y khng i vy mintec
mi B ch cn bin y: y B= .
Kt qu ti thiu ho l: y z B A f + = + =
Phng php Quine Mc. Cluskey
y l phng php c tnh tng qut, cho php ti thiu ho mi hm logic
vi s lng bin vo ln.
a, Mt s nh ngha
+ nh: l mt tch cha y cc bin ca hm, nu hm c n bin th
nh l tch ca n bin.
nh 1 l nh m hm c gi tr bng 1.
nh 0 l nh m hm c gi tr bng 0.
nh khng xc nh l nh m ti hm c th ly mt trong hai gi tr
0 hoc 1.

x, y

z

1

1

1

1

1

1

A
B


+ Tch cc tiu: l tch c s bin l cc tiu hm c gi tr bng 1 hoc
khng xc nh.
+ Tch quan trng: l tch cc tiu m gi tr hm ch duy nht bng 1 tch ny.
b, Ti thiu ho bng phng php Quine Mc. Cluskey
r phng php ta xt v d minh ho, ti thiu ho hm ) x , x , x , x ( f
4 3 2 1

vi cc nh bng 1 l L = 2, 3, 7, 12, 14, 15 v cc nh c gi tr hm khng
xc nh l N = 6, 13. Cc bc tin hnh nh sau:
Bc 1: Tm cc tch cc tiu
Lp bng biu din cc gi tr hm bng 1 v cc gi tr khng xc nh ng
vi m nh phn ca cc bin theo th t s s 1 tng dn (bng 1.10a).
Xp thnh tng nhm theo s lng ch s 1 vi th t tng dn. (bng
1.10b ta c 4 nhm: nhm 1 c 1 s cha 1 ch s 1; nhm 2 gm 3 s
cha 2 ch s 1; nhm 3 gm 3 s cha 3 ch s 1, nhm 4 c 1 s cha 1
ch s 1).
So snh mi t hp th i vi t hp th i +1, nu hai t hp ch khc nhau
mt ct th kt hp 2 t hp thnh mt t hp mi, ng thi thay ct s
khc nhau ca 2 t hp c bng mt gch ngang (-) v nh du v vo hai
t hp c (bng 1.10c). V c s ton hc, y thu gn cc t hp ta
dng tnh cht:
x y x xy = +
C tip tc cng vic. T bng 1.10c ta chn ra cc t hp ch khc nhau 1
ch s 1 v c cng gch ngang (-) trong mt ct, ngha l c cng bin va
c gin c bng 1.10c, nh vy ta c bng 1.10d.
Bng 1.10
a b c d
S thp
phn
C s 2
x
1
x
2
x
3
x
4

S ch
s 1
S thp
phn
C s 2
x
1
x
2
x
3
x
4
Lin
kt
x
1
x
2
x
3
x
4
Lin kt x
1
x
2
x
3
x
4
2 0010 1 2 0010v 2,3 001-v 2,3,6,7
2,6,3,7
0-1-
3 0011
2
3 0011v 2,6 0-10v 6,7,14,15
6,14,7,15
-11-
6 * 0110 6 0110v 3,7 0-11v 12,13,14,15
11- -
12 1100 12 1100v 6,7 011-v

7 0111
3
7 0111v 6,14 -110v
13 * 1101 13 1101v 12,13 110-v
14 1110 14 1110v 12,14 11-0v

15 1111 4 15 1111v 7,15 -111v

13,15 11-1v

14,15 111-v


Cc t hp tm c bng 1.10d l t hp cui cng, cc t hp ny khng
cn kh nng kt hp na, y chnh l cc tch cc tiu ca hm cho. Theo
th t
4 3 2 1
x x x x , ch c du (-) c lc b, cc tch cc tiu c vit nh
sau:
0-1- (ph cc nh 2,3,6,7) ng vi:
3 1
x x
-11- (ph cc nh 6,7,14,15) ng vi:
3 2
x x
11- - (ph cc nh 12,13,14,15) ng vi:
2 1
x x
Bc 2: Tm cc tch quan trng
Vic tm cc tch quan trng cng c tin hnh theo cc bc nh.
Gi L
i
l tp cc nh 1 ang xt bc nh th i, lc ny khng quan tm
n cc nh c gi tr khng xc nh na.
Z
i
l tp cc tch cc tiu ang bc nh th i.
E
i
l tp cc tch quan trng bc nh th i.
Vi i = 0
) 15 , 14 , 12 , 7 , 3 , 2 ( L
0
=
) x x , x x , x x ( Z
2 1 3 2 3 1 0
=
Xc nh cc tch quan trng E
0
t tp L
0
v Z
0
nh sau:
+ Lp bng trong mi hng ng vi mt tch cc tiu thuc Z
0
, mi ct
ng vi mt nh thuc L
0
. nh du x vo cc trong bng ng vi tch cc
tiu bng 1.11 (tch
3 1
x x ng vi cc nh 2,3,7; tch
3 2
x x ng vi cc nh
7,14,15; tch
2 1
x x ng vi cc nh 12,14,15 bng 1.10)
Bng 1.11
2 3 7 12 14 15
3 1
x x (x) (x) x
3 2
x x x x x
2 1
x x (x) x x
Xt tng ct, ct no ch c mt du x th tch cc tiu (hng) ng vi n
l tch quan trng, ta i thnh du (x). Vy tp cc tch quan trng bc ny
l:
) x x , x x ( E
2 1 3 1 0
=
Vi i = 1
Tm L
1
t L
0
bng cch loi khi L
0
cc nh 1 ca E
0
.
L
0
Z
0


Tm Z
1
t Z
0
bng cch loi khi Z
0
cc tch trong E
0
v cc tch nm
trong hng c chn t E
0
.
Khi tm c L
1
v Z
1
, lm li nh bc i = 0 ta s tm c tch quan
trng E
1
.
Cng vic c tip tc cho n khi L
k
= 0.
Trong v d ny v ) x x , x x ( E
2 1 3 1 0
= m cc nh 1 ca
3 1
x x l 2,3,7; cc
nh 1 ca
2 1
x x l 12,14,15 (b qua nh 6, 13 l cc nh khng xc nh); do
L
1
= 0, qu trnh kt thc. Kt qu dng hm ti thiu chnh l tng ca cc
tch cc tiu. Vy hm cc tiu l:

2 1 3 1
x x x x f + =
1.4. Cc h mch logic
Cc php ton v nh l ca i s Boole gip cho thao tc cc biu thc
logic. Trong k thut thc t l bng cch ni cng logic ca cc mch logic vi
nhau (theo kt cu ti gin nu c). thc hin mt bi ton iu khin
phc tp, s mch logic s ph thuc vo s lng u vo v cch gii quyt
bng loi mch logic no, s dng cc php ton hay nh l no. y l mt bi
ton ti u nhiu khi c khng ch mt li gii. Tu theo loi mch logic m vic
gii cc bi ton c nhng phng php khc nhau. V c bn cc mch logic
c chia lm hai loi:
+ Mch logic t hp
+ Mch logic trnh t
1. Mch logic t hp
Mch logic t hp l mch m u ra ti bt k thi im no ch ph thuc
t hp cc trng thi ca u vo thi im . Nh vy, mch khng c phn
t nh. Theo quan im iu khin th mch t hp l mch h, h khng c
phn hi, ngha l trng thi ng m ca cc phn t trong mch hon ton
khng b nh hng ca trng thi tn hiu
u ra.
S mch logic t hp nh hnh 1.4
Vi mch logic t hp tn ti hai loi
bi ton l bi ton phn tch v bi ton
tng hp.
+ Bi ton phn tch c nhim v l t mch t hp c, m t hot ng v
vit cc hm logic ca cc u ra theo cc bin u vo v nu cn c th xt ti
vic ti thiu ho mch.
+ Bi ton tng hp thc cht l thit k mch t hp. Nhim v chnh l thit k
c mch t hp tho mn yu cu k thut nhng mch phi ti gin. Bi ton
tng hp l bi ton phc tp, v ngoi cc yu cu v chc nng logic, vic tng
hp mch cn ph thuc vo vic s dng cc phn t, chng hn nh phn t l
Mch t
hp
x
1
x
2
x
n
y
1
y
2
y
m
M
M
Hnh 1.4


loi: rle - cng tc t, loi phn t kh nn hay loi phn t l bn dn vi mch...
Vi mi loi phn t logic c s dng th ngoi
nguyn l chung v mch logic cn i hi phi b
sung nhng nguyn tc ring lc tng hp v thit k
h thng.
V d: v mch logic t hp nh hnh 1.5
2. Mch logic trnh t
Mch trnh t hay cn gi l mch dy (sequential
circuits) l mch trong trng thi ca tn hiu ra
khng nhng ph thuc tn hiu vo m cn ph thuc
c trnh t tc ng ca tn hiu vo, ngha l
c nh cc trng thi. Nh vy, v mt thit b
th mch trnh t khng nhng ch c cc
phn t ng m m cn c c cc phn t
nh.
S nguyn l mch logic trnh t nh
hnh 1.6
Xt mch logic trnh t nh hnh 1.7. Ta
xt hot ng ca mch khi thay i trng thi
ng m ca x
1
v x
2
. Biu hnh 1.7b m t hot ng ca mch, trong biu
cc nt m biu hin tn hiu c gi tr 1, cn nt mnh biu hin tn hiu c
gi tr 0.
T biu hnh 1.7b ta thy, trng thi 1 z = ch t c khi thao tc theo
trnh t 1 x
1
= , tip theo 1 x
2
= . Nu cho 1 x
2
= trc, sau cho 1 x
1
= th c y
v z u khng th bng 1.
m t mch trnh t ta c th dng bng chuyn trng thi, dng hnh
trng thi Mealy, hnh trng thi Moore hoc dng phng php lu .
Trong phng php lu c dng trc quan hn. T lu thut ton ta d
dng chuyn sang dng hnh trng thi Mealy hoc hnh trng thi Moore.
v t c th thit k c mch trnh t.
Vi mch logic trnh t ta cng c bi ton phn tch v bi ton tng hp.
1
x
2
x
Hnh 1.5
3
x
y
1
3
x
2
x
1
x
y
2
Mch
logic
trnh t
x
1
x
n
y
1
y
2
y
m
Hnh 1.6

2
x
y
Hnh 1.7
1
x
y

2
x
y
z

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1
y

z

x
1
x
2
1 2 1 2 3 2 1 4 5 2 1
a,

b,



1.5. Grafcet - m t mch trnh t trong cng nghip
1. Hot ng ca thit b cng nghip theo logic trnh t
Trong dy truyn sn xut cng nghip, cc thit b my mc thng hot
ng theo mt trnh t logic cht ch nhm m bo cht lng sn phm v an
ton cho ngi v thit b.
Mt qu trnh cng ngh no cng c th c ba hnh thc iu khin hot
ng sau:
+ iu khin hon ton t ng, lc ny ch cn s ch huy chung ca nhn
vin vn hnh h thng.
+ iu khin bn t ng, qu trnh lm vic c lin quan trc tip n cc
thao tc lin tc ca con ngi gia cc chui hot ng t ng.
+ iu khin bng tay, tt c hot ng ca h u do con ngi thao tc.
Trong qu trnh lm vic m bo an ton, tin cy v linh hot, h iu
khin cn c s chuyn i d dng t iu khiu bng tay sang t ng v
ngc li, v nh vy h iu khin mi p ng ng cc yu cu thc t.
Trong qu trnh lm vic s khng bnh thng trong hot ng ca dy
truyn c rt nhiu loi, khi thit k ta phi c gng m t chng mt cch y
nht. Trong s cc hot ng khng bnh thng ca chng trnh iu khin
mt dy truyn t ng, ngi ta thng phn bit ra cc loi sau:
+ H hng mt b phn trong cu trc iu khin. Lc ny cn phi x l
ring phn chng trnh c ch h hng, ng thi phi lu tm cho dy truyn
hot ng lc c h hng v sn sng chp nhn li iu khin khi h hng c
sa cha xong.
+ H hng trong cu trc trnh t iu khin.
+ H hng b phn chp hnh (nh h hng thit b chp hnh, h hng cm
bin, h hng cc b phn thao tc...)
Khi thit k h thng phi tnh n cc phng thc lm vic khc nhau
m bo an ton v x l kp thi cc h hng trong h thng, phi lun c
phng n can thip trc tip ca ngi vn hnh n vic dng my khn cp,
x l tc nghn vt liu v cc hin tng nguy him khc. Grafcel l cng c rt
hu ch thit k v thc hin y cc yu cu ca h t ng cho cc qu
trnh cng ngh k trn.
2. nh ngha Grafcet
Grafcet l t vit tt ca ting Php Graphe fonctionnel de commande tape
transition (chui chc nng iu khin giai on - chuyn tip), do hai c quan
AFCET (Lin hp Php v tin hc, kinh t v k thut) v ADEPA (t chc nh
nc v pht trin nn sn xut t ng ho) hp tc son tho thng 11/1982
c ng k t chc tiu chun ho Php. Nh vy, mng grafcet c tiu


chun ho v c cng nhn l mt ngn ng thch hp cho vic m t hot
ng dy ca qu trnh t ng ho trong sn xut.
Mng grafcet l mt hnh chc nng cho php m t cc trng thi lm
vic ca h thng v biu din qu trnh iu khin vi cc trng thi v s
chuyn i t trng thi ny sang trng thi khc, l mt hnh nh hng
c xc nh bi cc phn t l: tp cc trng thi, tp cc iu kin chuyn
trng thi.
Mng grafcet m t thnh chui cc giai on trong chu trnh sn xut.
Mng grafcet cho mt qu trnh sn xut lun lun l mt hnh khp kn
t trng thi u n trng thi cui v t trng thi cui v trng thi u.
3. Mt s k hiu trong grafcet
- Mt trng thi (giai on) c biu din bng mt hnh vung c nh s
th t ch trng thi. Gn lin vi biu tng trng thi l mt hnh ch nht bn
cnh, trong hnh ch nht ny c ghi cc tc ng ca trng thi hnh 1.8a v
b. Mt trng thi c th tng ng vi mt hoc nhiu hnh ng ca qu trnh
sn xut.
- Trng thi khi ng c th hin bng 2 hnh vung lng vo nhau, th
t thng l 1 hnh 1.8c.
- Trng thi hot ng (tch cc) c thm du . trong hnh vung trng
thi hnh 1.8d.
- Vic chuyn tip t trng thi ny sang trng thi khc ch c th c thc
hin khi cc iu kin chuyn tip c tho mn. Chng hn, vic chuyn tip
gia cc trng thi 3 v 4 hnh 1.9a c thc hin khi tc ng ln bin b, cn
3
Khi ng
ng c
4
Hm ng
c
3.
1
a,
d, c,
b,
Hnh 1.8
3 5 7
9
a,
d,
c,
b,
Hnh 1.9
4
6 8
10
d
t/9/2s
c
b


chuyn tip gia trng thi 5 v 6 c thc hin sn tng ca bin c hnh
1.9b, hnh 1.9c l tc ng sn gim ca bin d. Chuyn tip gia trng thi
9 v 10 hnh 1.9d s xy ra sau 2s k t khi c tc ng cui cng ca trng thi
9 c thc hin.
- K hiu phn nhnh nh hnh 1.10. s phn nhnh li tn ti hai loi
l s r nhnh v s song song.
S r nhnh l phn s c hai iu kin lin h gia ba trng thi nh
hnh 1.10a v b.
S song song l s ch c mt iu kin lin h gia 3 trng thi nh
hnh 1.10c v d.
hnh 1.10a , khi trng thi 1 ang hot ng, nu chuyn tip t
12
tho mn
th trng thi 2 hot ng; nu chuyn tip t
13
tho mn th trng thi 3 hot
ng.
hnh 1.10b nu trng thi 7 ang hot ng v c t
79
th trng thi 9 hot
ng, nu trng thi 8 ang hot ng v c t
89
th trng thi 9 hot ng.
hnh 1.10c nu trng thi 1 ang hot ng v c t
123
th trng thi 2 v 3
ng thi hot ng.
hnh 1.10d nu trng thi 7 v 8 ang cng hot ng v c t
789
th trng
thi 9 hot ng.
1.
a,
Hnh 1.10
2
t
12
3
t
13
9
b,
7.
t
79
8.
t
89
1.
c,
2 3
t
123
9
d,
7. 8.
t
789


- K hiu bc nhy nh hnh
1.11.
Hnh 1.11a biu din grafcet
cho php thc hin bc nhy, khi
trng thi 2 ang hot ng nu c
iu kin a th qu trnh s chuyn
hot ng t trng thi 2 sang
trng thi 5 b qua cc trng thi
trung gian 3 v 4, nu iu kin a
khng c tho mn th qu trnh
chuyn tip theo trnh t 2, 3, 4, 5.
Hnh 1.11b khi trng thi 8
ang hot ng nu tho mn iu
kin f th qu trnh chuyn sang
trng thi 9, nu khng tho mn
iu kin 8 th qu trnh quay li
trng 7.
4. Cch xy dng mng grafcet
xy dng mng grafcet cho mt qu trnh no th trc tin ta phi m
t mi hnh vi t ng bao gm cc giai on v cc iu kin chuyn tip, sau
la chn cc dn ng v cc cm bin ri m t chng bng cc k hiu, sau
kt ni chng li theo cch m t ca
grafcet.
V d: kp cht chi tit c v khoan trn
mt l hnh 1.12 th trc tin ngi
iu khin n nt khi ng d khi
ng chu trnh cng ngh t ng, qu
trnh bt u t giai on 1:
+ Giai on 1: S
1
pttng A chuyn
ng theo chiu A+ kp cht chi tit c.
Khi lc kp t yu cu c xc nh
bi cm bin p sut a
1
th chuyn sang
giai on 2.
+ Giai on 2: S
2
u khoan B i xung theo chiu B+ v mi khoan quay
theo chiu R, khi khoan su, xc nh bng nt b
1
th kt thc giai on 2,
chuyn sang giai on 3.
+ Giai on 3: S
3
mi khoan i ln theo chiu B- v ngng quay. Khi mi
khoan ln cao, xc nh bng b
0
th khoan dng v chuyn sang giai on 4.
+ Giai on 4: S
4
pttng A tr v theo chiu A- ni lng chi tit, v tr tr v
c xc nh bi a
0
, khi pttng ngng chuyn ng, kt thc mt chu k gia
cng.
Hnh 1.11
7
6
d

b,
9
8
e

f

3
2
a
a,
5
4
b

c

a

c
A+
A
A-
a
1
a
0
b
0
b
1
B+
B-
B
d
R R
0
A
0
Hnh 1.12


Ta c s grafcet nh hnh
1.13
5. Phn tch mng grafcet
5.1. Qui tc vt qua, chuyn tip
- Mt trng thi trc ch
chuyn tip sang trng
thi sau khi n ang hot
ng (tch cc) v c
iu kin chuyn tip.
- Khi qu trnh chuyn
tip sang trng thi sau th
giai on sau hot ng
(tch cc) v s kh b
hot ng ca trng thi
trc (giai on trc
ht tch cc).
Vi cc iu kin hot ng
nh trn th c nhiu khi s
khng hot ng c hoc hot ng khng tt. Ngi ta gi:
+ S khng hot ng c l s c
nhnh cht. (S c nhnh ch c th vn hot
ng nu nh khng i vo nhnh cht).
+ S khng sch l s m ti mt v tr
no c pht lnh hai ln.
V d 1: S hnh 1.14 l s c nhnh cht.
S ny khng th lm vic c do S
2
v S
4

khng th cng tch cc v gi s h ang trng
thi ban u S
0
nu c iu kin 3 th S
0
ht tch
cc v chuyn sang S
3
tch cc. Sau nu c
iu kin 4 th S
3
ht tch cc v S
4
tch cc. Nu
lc ny c iu kin 1 th S
1
cng khng th tch
cc c v S
0
ht tch cc. Do khng bao
gi S
2
tch cc c na m S
5
tch cc th
phi c S
2
v S
4
tch cc km iu kin 5 nh vy
h s nm im v tr S
4
.
Mun s trn lm vic c ta phi
chuyn mch r nhnh thnh mch song song.
V d 2: S hnh 1.15 l s khng sch. Mng ang trng thi ban u
nu c iu kin 1 th s chuyn trng thi cho c S
1
v S
3
tch cc. Nu c iu
kin 3 ri 4 th s chuyn cho S
5
tch cc. Khi cha c iu kin 6 m li c iu
Hnh 1.14
S
0
S
1
1

S
3
3

S
5
S
2
2

S
4
4

5

6

Hnh 1.13
c n nt khi ng

S
1
2
S
3
S
2
b
1
khoan thng
b
0
rt mi khoan ra
S
4
a
0
m kp xong
giai on kp vt
a
1
chi tit c kp cht

quay v mi khoan tin vo
li mi khoan
m kp
S
0
A+
R, B+
B-
A-


kin 2 ri 5 trc th S
5
li chuyn tch cc ln na. Tc l c hai ln lnh cho S
5

tch cc, vy l s khng sch.
V d 3: S hnh 1.16 l s sch. s ny nu c S
3
tch cc (iu
kin 3) th nu c iu kin 1 cng khng c ngha v S
0
ht tch cc. Nh
vy, mch r sang nhnh 2, nu ln lt c cc iu kin 4 v 6 th S
5
s tch
cc sau nu c iu kin 7 th h li tr v trng thi ban u.
5.2. Phn tch mng grafcet
Nh phn tch trn th nhiu khi mng grafcet khng hot ng c hoc
hot ng khng tt. Nhng i vi cc mng khng hot ng c hoc hot
ng khng tt vn c th lm vic c nu nh khng i vo nhnh cht.
Trong thc t sn xut mt h thng c th ang hot ng rt tt, nhng nu v
l do no m h thng phi thay i ch lm vic (do s c tng phn hoc
do thay i cng ngh...) th c th h thng s khng hot ng c nu l
nhnh cht.
Vi cch phn tch s nh trn th kh nh gi c cc mng c
phc tp ln. Do ta phi xt mt cch phn tch mng grafcet l dng phng
php gin im.
thnh lp gin im ta i theo cc bc sau:
+ V mt u tin cho gin im, ghi s 0. Xut pht t giai on u
trn grafcet c coi l ang tch cc, giai on ny ang c du ., khi c mt
iu kin c thc hin, s c cc giai on mi c tch cc th:
- nh du . vo cc giai on va c tch cc trn grafcet.
- Xo du . giai on ht tch cc trn grafcet.
S
0
S
1
S
3
1

S
5
S
2
S
4
4

2

3

5

6

Hnh 1.15
S
0
S
1
S
3
3

S
5
S
2
S
4
6

2

4

5

7

Hnh 1.16
1



- To mt mi trn gin im sau iu kin va thc hin.
- Ghi ht cc giai on tch cc ca h (c du .) vo mi va to.
+ T cc thnh lp khi mt iu kin no li c thc hin th cc
giai on tch cc li c chuyn i, ta li lp li bn bc nh trn.
+ Qu trnh c nh vy tip tc, ta c th v hon thin c gin im
(s to thnh mch lin tc, sau khi kt thc li tr v im xut pht) hoc
khng v hon thin c. Nhn vo gin im ta s c cc kt lun sau:
- Nu trong qu trnh v n giai on no khng th v tip c na
(khng hon thin s ) th s l s c nhnh cht, v d 2.
- Nu v c ht m v tr no c cc im lm vic cng tn th l s
khng sch v d 3.
- Nu v c ht v khng c v tr no c cc im lm vic cng tn th l
s lm vic tt, s sch v d 1.
V d 1: V gin im cho s sch hnh 1.17a.
thi im u h ang giai on S
0
(c du .), khi iu kin 1 c
thc hin th c S
1
v S
3
cng chuyn sang tch cc, nh du . vo S
1
v S
3
,
xo du . S
0
. Vy, sau iu kin 1 ta to mi v trong ny ta ghi hai trng
thi tch cc l 1,3. Nu cc iu kin khc khng din ra th mch vn trng
thi 1 v 3.
Hnh 1.17
1,3

2,3
1,4

2,4

2
4

2

4

5

6

6

1

b,
S
0
S
1
S
3
S
5
S
2
S
4
5

2

4

6

1

a,

0



Khi h ang 1,3 nu iu kin 4 c thc hin th giai on 4 tch cc
(thm du .), giai on 3 ht tch cc (mt du .). Vy sau iu kin 4 to
mi (ni vi 1,3), ny ghi hai trng thi tch cc cn li trn grafcet l 1,4.
Khi h ang 1,4 hoc 2,3 nu c iu kin 5 th qu trnh vn khng
chuyn tip v chuyn giai on 5 phi c S
2
v S
4
cng tch cc kt hp iu
kin 5.
(thm du .), giai on 2 v 4 ht tch cc (mt du .). Vy sau iu kin 5
to mi (ni vi 2,4), ny ghi trng thi tch cc cn li trn grafcet l 5.
Khi h ang 5 nu iu kin 6 c thc hin th giai on 0 tch cc (thm
du .), giai on 5 ht tch cc (mt du .), h tr v trng thi ban u.
T gin im ta thy khng c no c 2 im lm vic cng tn v v
c c s , vy l s sch.
V d 2: V gin im cho s c nhnh cht hnh 1.14
Gin im nh
hnh 1.18. Trong trng
hp ny ta khng th v
tip c na v S
5
tch cc phi c c S
2
v
S
4
cng tch cc cng
iu kin 5. Nhng
khng c no c 2,4.
V d 3: V gin
im cho s khng
sch hnh 1.5
Cch tin hnh v gin im nh trn, gin
im nh hnh 1.19. T gin im ta thy
c nhiu im c 2 im lm vic trng nhau
(cng tn), vy l s khng sch. gin
im hnh 1.19 c th tip tc v gin s m
rng.
Hnh 1.18
1
3

2
4

0

1
2
3
4
Hnh 1.14
S
0
S
1
1

S
3
3

S
5
S
2
2

S
4
4

5

6



Hnh 1.19
2
3

5

4

6

1

0

2,3
3,5
1,3
2,0
123
113
1,0
1,4
1,5
2,4
133
0,3
2,5
5,5 0,4
4,5
134
0,5
5,0
0,0
2 3
3
5
2
2
5
5
4
4 6
6
6
6
4
3
1
2
1
6
6
6
3

Ch : h thng lm vic tt th trong mng grafcet mt phn mch np
bt buc phi c:
+ Khi m ra l song song th kt thc phi l song song.
+ Khi m ra l r nhnh th kt thc phi l r nhnh.

S
0
S
1
S
3
1

S
5
S
2
S
4
4

2

3

5

6

Hnh 1.15


Chng 2: Mt s ng dng mch logic trong iu khin
2.1. Cc thit b iu khin
1. Cc nguyn tc iu khin
Qu trnh lm vic ca ng c in truyn ng mt my sn xut
thng gm cc giai on: khi ng, lm vic v iu chnh tc , dng v c
th c c giai on o chiu. Ta xt ng c l mt thit b ng lc, qu trnh
lm vic v c bit l qu trnh khi ng, hm thng c dng in ln, t
thn ng c in va l thit b chp hnh nhng cng va l i tng iu
khin phc tp. V nguyn l khng ch truyn ng in, khi ng v hm
ng c vi dng in c hn ch trong gii hn cho php, ta thng dng ba
nguyn tc khng ch t ng sau:
- Nguyn tc thi gian: Vic ng ct thay i tc ng c da theo
nguyn tc thi gian, ngha l sau nhng khong thi gian xc nh s c tn hiu
iu khin thay i tc ng c. Phn t cm bin v khng ch c bn
y l rle thi gian.
- Nguyn tc tc : Vic ng ct thay i tc ng c da vo
nguyn l xc nh tc tc thi ca ng c. Phn t cm bin v khng ch
c bn y l rle tc .
- Nguyn tc dng in: Ta bit tc ng c do mmen ng c xc
nh, m mmen li ph thuc vo dng in chy qua ng c, do vy c th
o dng in khng ch qu trnh thay i tc ng c in. Phn t cm
bin v khng ch c bn y l rle dng in.
Mi nguyn tc iu khin u c u nhc im ring, ty tng trng hp
c th m chn cc phng php cho ph hp.
2. Cc thit b iu khin
iu khin s lm vic ca cc thit b cn phi c cc thit b iu khin.
ng ct khng thng xuyn ta thng dng ptmt. Trong ptmt h
thng tip im c b phn dp h quang v cc b phn t ng ct mch
bo v qu ti v ngn mch. B phn ct mch in bng tc ng in t theo
kiu dng in cc i. Khi dng in vt qu tr s cho php chng s ct
mch in bo v ngn mch, ngoi ra cn c rle nhit bo v qu ti.
Phn t c bn ca rle nhit l bn lng kim gm hai ming kim loi c
dn n nhit khc nhau dn li vi nhau. Khi bn lng kim b t nng (thng
l bng dng in cn bo v) s b bin dng (cong), bin dng ti ngng
th s tc ng vo cc b phn khc ct mch in.
Cc rle in t, cng tc t tc dng nh lc ht in t. Cu to ca rle
in t thng gm cc b phn chnh sau: cun ht; mch t tnh lm bng vt
liu st t; phn ng cn gi l phn ng v h thng cc tip im.


Mch t ca rle c dng in mt chiu chy qua lm bng thp khi, cn
mch t ca rle xoay chiu lm bng l thp k thut in. chng rung v
lc ht ca nam chm in c dng xung trn mt cc ngi ta t vng ngn
mch. Sc in ng cm ng trong vng ngn mch s to ra dng in v lm
cho t thng qua vng ngn mch lch pha vi t thng chnh, nh lc ht
phn ng khng b gin on, cc tip im lun c tip xc tt.
Tu theo nguyn l tc ng ngi ta ch to nhiu loi thit b iu khin
khc nhau nh rle dng in, rle in p, rle thi gian....
H thng tip im c cu to khc nhau v thng m bc hay thic m
bo tip xc tt. Cc thit b ng ct mch ng lc c dng in ln, h thng
tip im chnh c b phn dp h quang, ngoi ra cn c cc tip im ph
ng ct cho mch iu khin. Tu theo trng thi tip im ngi ta chia ra cc
loi tip im khc nhau. Mt s k hiu thng gp nh bng 2.1.
TT Tn gi K hiu
1 Tip im cu dao, my ct, ptmt
Thng m
Thng ng

2 Tip im cng tct, khi ng t, rle
Thng m
Thng m khi m c thi gian
Thng m khi ng c thi gian
Thng ng
Thng ng khi m c thi gian
Thng ng khi ng c thi gian

3 Tip im c b phn dp h quang
4 Tip im c b phn tr li v tr ban u bng
tay
5 Nt n thng m
Nt n thng ng

6 Cun dy rle, cng tc t, khi ng t
7 Phn t nhit ca rle nhit

2.2. Cc s khng ch ng c rto lng sc
Tu theo cng sut v yu cu cng ngh m ng c khng ng b rto
lng sc c th c ni trc tip vo li in, dng i ni sao-tam gic, qua
in khng, qua bin p t ngu, ngy nay thng dng cc b khi ng mm
khi ng ng c.
1. Mch khng ch n gin
Vi ng c cng sut nh ta c th ng trc tip vo li in. Nu ng
c ch quay theo mt chiu th mch ng ct c th dng cu dao, ptmt vi


thit b ng ct ny c nhc im l khi ang lm vic nu mt in, th khi c
in tr li ng c th t khi ng. trnh iu ta dng khi ng t n
ng ct cho ng c.
Xt s ng ct c o chiu dng khi ng t kp nh hnh 2.1.
Cu dao trn mch ng lc l cu dao cch ly (cu dao ny ch yu ng
ct khng ti, cch ly khi sa cha).
Cc tip im T
1
, T
2
, T
3
ng ng c chy thun, cc tip im N
1
, N
2
,
N
3
ng ng c chy ngc (o th t hai trong ba pha li in).
Cc tip im T
5
v N
5
l cc kho lin ng v in khng ch cc ch
chy thun v ngc khng th cng ng thi, nu ang chy thun th T
5

m, N khng th c in, nu ang chy ngc th N
5
m, T khng th c in.
Ngoi cc lin ng v in khi ng t kp cn c lin ng c kh, khi
cun T ht th ly c kh kho khng cho cun N ht na khi cun N ht
th ly c kh kho khng cho cun T ht na.
Trong mch dng hai rle nhit RN
1
v RN
2
bo v qu ti cho ng c,
khi ng c qu ti th rle nhit tc ng lm cc tip im ca n bn mch
iu khin m, cc cun ht mt in ct in ng c.
khi ng ng c chy thun (hoc ngc) ta n nt K
T
(hoc K
N
),
cun ht T c in, ng cc tip im T
1
... T
3
cp in cho ng c chy theo
chiu thun, tip im T
4
ng li t duy tr.
dng ng c ta n nt dng D, cc cun ht mt in, ct in ng c,
ng c t dng.
o chiu ng c trc ht ta phi n nt dng D, cc cun ht mt in
mi n nt o chiu.
C
CD
A
B
C
T
1
N
1
RN
1
RN
2
T
N
D
K
T
K
N
T
4
T
5
N
5
N
4
RN
1
RN
2
T
2
T
3
N
2
N
3
Hnh 2.1



2. Mch khng ch o chiu c gim st tc .
Xt s khng ch ng c lng sc quay theo hai chiu v c hm ngc.
Hm ngc l hm xy ra lc ng c cn ang quay theo chiu ny (do qun
tnh), nhng ta li ng in cho ng c quay theo chiu ngc li m khng
ch cho ng c dng hn ri mi ng in cho ng c o chiu. Hm ngc
c kh nng hm nhanh v c th to mmen hm ln (do s dng c hai ngun
nng lng l ng nng v in nng to thnh nng lng hm), tuy vy dng
in hm s ln v trong ng dng c th phi lu hn ch dng in hm ny.
S hnh 2.2 thc hin nhim v . Trong s c thm rle trung gian P.
Hai rle tc (gn vi ng c), rle tc thun c tip im K
T
v rle tc
ngc c tip im K
N
, cc rle ny khi tc cao th cc tip im rle kn,
tc thp th tip im rle h.
Khi khi ng chy thun ta n nt khi ng thun KT, tip im KT
1

h, KT
3
h ngn khng cho cun ht N v P c in, tip im KT
2
kn cp
in cho cun ht T, cc tip im T
1
... T
3
kn cp in cho ng c chy thun,
Tip im T
4
kn t duy tr, tip im T
5
h cm cun N c in.
Khi ang chy thun cn chy ngc ta n nt khi ng ngc KN, tip
im KN
1
h khng cho P c in, tip im KN
2
h ct in cun ht T lm
mt in ch chy thun, tip im KN
3
kn cp in cho cun ht N cp
in cho ch chy ngc v tip im N
4
kn t duy tr.
Nu mun dng ta n nt dng D, cp in cho cun ht P, cun ht P ng
tip im P
1
t duy tr, h P
2
ct ng ngun ang cp cho cun ht T hoc
N, nhng lp tc P
3
kn cun ht N hoc T li c cp in, nu khi trc ng
c ang chy thun (cun T lm vic) tc ang ln th K
T
kn, cun N c
C
CD
A
B
C
T
1
N
1
RN
1
RN
2
T
N
D
KT
1
T
4
T
5
N
5
N
4
RN
1
RN
2
T
2
T
3
N
2
N
3
Hnh 2.2

P
1
P
P
2
P
3
K
T
K
N
KN
1
KT
2
KT
3
KN
2
KN
3


cp in ng in cho ch chy ngc lm ng c dng nhanh, khi tc
gim thp th K
T
m ct in cun ht N, ng c dng hn.
Khi cc rle nhit tc ng th ng c dng t do.
3. Khng ch ng c lng sc kiu i ni / c o chiu
Vi mt s ng c khi lm vic nh mc ni th khi khi ng c th
ni hnh sao lm in p t vo dy cun gim 3 do dng in khi ng
gim. S hnh 2.3 cho php thc hin i ni / c o chiu.
Trong s c khi ng t T ng cho ch chy thun, khi ng t N
ng cho ch chy ngc, khi ng t S ng in cho ch khi ng
hnh sao, khi ng t ng in cho ch chy tam gic. Rle thi gian Tg
duy tr thi gian, c hai tip im Tg
1
l tip im thng kn m chm thi
gian
1
t , Tg
2
l tip im thng m ng chm thi gian
2
t vi
2 1
t t > .
Khi cn khi ng thun ta n nt khi ng thun KT, tip im KT
2

ngn khng cho cun N c in, tip im KT
1
kn ng in cho cun thun
T, ng cc tip im T
1
...T
3
a in p thun vo ng c, T
4
t duy tr, T
5

ngn khng cho N c in, T
6
cp in cho rle thi gian Tg, ng thi cp in
ngay cho cun ht S, ng ng c khi ng kiu ni sao, tip im S
5
m cha
cho cun . Khi Tg c in th sau thi gian ngn
2
t th Tg
2
ng chun b cp
in cho cun ht . Sau khong thi gian duy tr
1
t th tip im Tg
1
m ra
cun ht S mt in ct ch khi ng sao ca ng c, tip im S
5
kn cp
in cho cun ht , a ng c vo lm vic ch ni tam gic v t duy
tr bng tip im
4
.
Khi cn o chiu (nu ang chy thun) ta n nt khi ng ngc KN, T
mt in lm T
6
m qu trnh li khi ng theo ch ni sao nh trn vi
C
A B C
T
1
N
1
T
N
D
KT
1
T
4
T
5
N
5
N
4
Hnh 2.3

KN
1
KT
2
KN
2
S
5
Tg
1
S
5
Tg
2
Tg
T
6
N
6
1
S
1


cun ht N, cc tip im N
1
... N
3
i th t hai trong ba pha (i pha A v B
cho nhau) lm chiu quay i chiu.
Khi mun dng ta n nt dng D, ng c dng t do.
2.3. Cc s khng ch ng c khng ng b rto dy qun
Cc bin php khi ng v thay i tc nh ng c rto lng sc cng
c th p dng cho ng c rto dy qun. Nhng nh vy khng tn dng c
u im ca ng c rto dy qun l kh nng thay i dng khi ng cng
nh thay i tc bng cch thay i in tr ph mc vo mch rto. Do
vi ng c rto dy qun gim dng khi khi ng cng nh thay i tc
ng c ngi ta dng phng php thay i in tr ph mc vo mch rto.
1. Khi ng ng c rto dy qun theo nguyn tc thi gian
Cch ny thng dng cho h thng c cng sut trung bnh v ln. S
khng ch nh hnh 2.4.
Trong s c 2 rle nhit RN
1
v RN
2
bo v qu ti cho ng c, hai
rle thi gian 1Tg v 2Tg vi hai tip im thng m ng chm duy tr thi
gian loi in tr ph mch rto.
khi ng ta n nt khi ng K cp in cho cun ht K cc tip im
K
1
, K
2
, K
3
ng cp in cho ng c, ng c khi ng vi hai cp in tr
ph, tip im K
4
t duy tr, tip im K
5
cp in cho cc rle thi gian.
Sau khong thi gian chnh nh tip im thng m ng chm 1Tg ng li
cp in cho 1K loi in tr ph R
2
ra khi mch rto, tip im 1K
3
ng
cp in cho rle thi gian 2Tg. Sau thi gian chnh nh tip im thng m
ng chm 2Tg ng li cp in cho 2K loi nt in tr R
1
khi mch khi
ng, ng c lm vic trn c tnh c t nhin. Tip im 2K
4
t duy tr,
2K
5
ct in cc rle thi gian.
K
D
K

K
4
RN
1
Hnh 2.4

1K
1Tg
1T
K
5
2K4
2K
3
K
1
RN
1
RN
2
K
2
K
3
C
R
1
R
2
1K
2
2K
2
RN
2
2K
2Tg
2T
1K
3
2K
1
1K
1


Khi mun dng n nt dng D, ng c c ct khi li v dng t do.
2. Thay i tc ng c rto dy qun bng thay i in tr ph
Trong cng nghip c nhiu my sn xut dng truyn ng ng c rto
dy qun iu chnh tc nh cu trc, my cn.... v y thng dng
thm khu hm ng nng dng my. Hm ng nng l cch hm s dng
ng nng ca ng c ang quay to thnh nng lng hm. Vi ng c
rto dy qun, mun hm ng nng th khi ct in phi ni cc cun dy
xtato vo in p mt chiu to thnh t thng kch thch cho ng c to
mmen hm. S nguyn l ca h thng nh hnh 2.5.
ng c rto dy qun c th quay theo hai chiu, theo chiu thun nu 1S,
2S ng v theo chiu ngc nu 1S, 3S ng. Cng tc t H ng ngun mt
chiu lc hm ng nng, cng tc t 1K, 2K ct in tr ph trong mch
rto lm thay i tc ng c khi lm vic. Khi hm ng nng ton b in
tr ph r
1
v r
2
c a vo mch rto hn ch dng in hm, cn in tr
ph R trong mch mt chiu t gi tr m men hm.
Trong h thng c b khng ch ch huy kiu chuyn mch c kh KC. B
KC c nguyn l cu to l mt tr trn c kh, c th quay hai chiu, trn trc
c gn cc tip im ng v kt hp vi cc tip im tnh to thnh cc cp
tip im c ng ct tu thuc vo v tr quay ca tr. th ng m tip
im ca b khng ch KC c th hin trn hnh 2.5c. V d v tr 0 ca b
Hnh 2.5

RN
1
RN
2
2S
C
r
1
r
2
1K
2
2K
2
2K
1
1K
1
K
KC
K
4
RN
1
1Tg
1S
K
5
3S
1
RN
2
H
3
2S
2S
1
3S
1K
1K

2K
2S

2Tg
3S

H
1Tg
2S

3S

2Tg

1 2
3 4
5 6
7 8
9 10
11 12
3S

H
1
1S
1
R

+

-

A

B

C

3 2 1 0 1 2 3
1-2
3-4
5-6
7-8
9-10
11-12
KC
0
1
2
3
1
2
3
a,

c,

b,

H
2


khng ch ch c tip im 1-2 ng, tt c cc v tr cn li ca cc tip im
u ct hoc cp tip im 9-10 s ng cc v tr 2, 3 bn tri v 2, 3 bn
phi.
Hot ng ca b khng ch nh sau: Khi ng in cp ngun cho h
thng. Ban u b khng ch c t v tr 0 cng tc t K c in, cc tip
im K mch khng ch ng li, chun b cho h thng lm vic. Nu mun
ng c quay theo chiu thun th ta quay b KC v pha tri, nu mun ng c
quay ngc th ta quay b KC v pha phi. Gi thit ta quay b KC v v tr 2
pha tri, lc ny cc tip im 3-4, 5-6, 9-10 ca b KC kn, cc cun dy cng
tc t 1S, 2S, 1K v cc rle thi gian 1Tg, 2Tg c in, cc tip im 1S, 2S
mch ng lc ng li, cun dy xtato c ng vo ngun 3 pha, tip im
1K trong mch rto ng li ct phn in tr ph r
2
ra, ng c c khi ng
v lm vic vi in tr ph r
1
trong mch rto, tip im 1Tg m ra, 2Tg ng
li chun b cho qu trnh hm ng nng khi dng. Nu mun dng ng c th
quay b KC v v tr 0, cc cng tc t 1S, 2S, 1K v cc rle thi gian 1Tg, 2Tg
mt in, ng c c ct khi ngun in 3 pha vi ton b in tr r
1
, r
2
c
a vo rto, ng thi tip im thng kn ng chm 1Tg ng li (ng
chm mt thi gian ngn m bo h c ct khi li in), tip im
thng m m chm 2Tg cha m (
1 2
t t > ) cng tc t H c in tip im
H
1
, H
2
ng li cp ngun mt chiu cho xtato ng c v ng c c hm
ng nng. Sau thi gian chnh nh
2
t tip im thng m m chm m ra
tng ng vi tc ng c nh, cun dy H mt in, ngun mt chiu
c ct khi cun dy xtato, kt thc qu trnh hm ng nng. Trong thc t,
ngi ta yu cu ngi vn hnh khi quay b khng ch KC qua mi v tr phi
dng li mt thi gian ngn h thng lm vic an ton c v mt in v c.
2.4. Khng ch ng c in mt chiu
Vi ng c in mt chiu khi khi ng cn thit phi gim dng khi
ng. gim dng khi khi ng c th a thm in tr ph vo mch phn
ng. Ngy nay nh k thut in t v tin hc pht trin ngi ta ch to cc
b bin i mt chiu bng bn dn cng sut ln lm ngun trc tip cho ng
c v iu khin cc b bin i ny bng mch s logic kh trnh. Cc b bin
i ny ni trc tip vo ng c, vic khng ch khi ng, hm v iu chnh
tc u thc hin bng cc mch s kh trnh rt thun tin v linh hot. Tuy
nhin, mt s mch n gin vn c th dng s cc mch logic nh hnh 2.6
khi ng ng c ta n nt khi ng K lc cng tc t K c in,
cc tip im thng m K
1
ng li cp in cho ng c vi 2 in tr ph,
K
2
ng li t duy tr, K
3
ng li, K
4
m ra lm rle thi gian 3Tg mt in,
sau thi gian chnh nh tip im thng ng ng chm 3Tg
1
ng li lm
cng tc t 1K c in, ng tip im 1K
1
loi in tr ph r
2
khi mch ng
c v lm rle thi gian 2Tg mt in, sau thi gian chnh nh tip im thng
ng ng chm 2Tg
1
ng li cp in cho cng tc t 2K ng tip im 2K
2

loi r
1
ra khi mch ng lc qu trnh khi ng kt thc.


dng ng c ta n nt dng D lc cng tc t K mt in, tip im
K
1
mch ng lc m ra ct phn ng ng c khi ngun in. ng thi tip
im K
2
, K
3
m ra lm rle thi gian 1Tg mt in bt u tnh thi gian hm,
K
4
ng li lm cng tc t H c in ng tip im H
1
a in tr hm R
h

vo thc hin qu trnh hm. Sau thi gian chnh nh tip im thng m
m chm 1Tg
1
m ra, cng tc t H mt in kt thc qu trnh hm, h thng
khng ch v mch ng lc tr v trng thi ban u chun b cho ln khi
ng sau.

Hnh 2.6

C
r
1
r
2 K
1
2K
1
1K
1
1Tg
RN

K
K
2
1K
K
3
H
1Tg
1
+

-

a,

b,

3Tg
1
2K
1K
2
2Tg
1
3Tg
K
4
D
K

RN

2Tg
H
1
R
h
+

-



Phn 2: iu khin logic c lp trnh (PLC)
Chng 3: l lun chung v iu khin logic lp trnh PLC
3.1. M u
S pht trin ca k thut iu khin t ng hin i v cng ngh iu
khin logic kh trnh da trn c s pht trin ca tin hc m c th l s pht
trin ca k thut my tnh.
K thut iu khin logic kh trnh PLC (Programmable Logic Control) c
pht trin t nhng nm 1968 -1970. Trong gia on u cc thit b kh trnh
yu cu ngi s dng phi c k thut in t, phi c trnh cao. Ngy nay
cc thit b PLC pht trin mnh m v c mc ph cp cao.
Thit b iu khin logic lp trnh c PLC l dng thit b iu khin c
bit da trn b vi x l, s dng b nh lp trnh c lu tr cc lnh v
thc hin cc chc nng, chng hn, cho php tnh logic, lp chui, nh gi,
m, v cc thut ton iu khin my v cc qu trnh cng ngh. PLC c
thit k cho cc k s, khng yu cu cao kin thc v my tnh v ngn ng
my tnh, c th vn hnh. Chng c thit k cho khng ch cc nh lp trnh
my tnh mi c th ci t hoc thay i chng trnh. V vy, cc nh thit k
PLC phi lp trnh sn sao cho chng trnh iu khin c th nhp bng cch s
dng ngn ng n gin (ngn ng iu khin). Thut ng logic c s dng v
vic lp trnh ch yu lin quan n cc hot ng logic v d nu c cc iu
kin A v B th C lm vic... Ngi vn hnh nhp chng trnh (chui lnh) vo
b nh PLC. Thit b iu khin PLC s gim st cc tn hiu vo v cc tn hiu
ra theo chng trnh ny v thc hin cc quy tc iu khin c lp trnh.
Cc PLC tng t my tnh, nhng my tnh c ti u ho cho cc tc v
tnh ton v hin th, cn PLC c chuyn bit cho cc tc v iu khin v mi
trng cng nghip. V vy cc PLC:
+ c thit k bn chu c rung ng, nhit, m v ting n.
+ C sn giao din cho cc thit b vo ra.
+ c lp trnh d dng vi ngn ng iu khin d hiu, ch yu gii
quyt cc php ton logic v chuyn mch.
V c bn chc nng ca b iu khin logic PLC cng ging nh chc nng
ca b iu khin thit k trn c s cc rle cng tc t hoc trn c s cc khi
in t l:
+ Thu thp cc tn hiu vo v cc tn hiu phn hi t cc cm bin.
+ Lin kt, ghp ni cc tn hiu theo yu cu iu khin v thc hin
ng m cc mch ph hp vi cng ngh.
+ Tnh ton v son tho cc lnh iu khin trn c s so snh cc thng
tin thu thp c.
+ Phn pht cc lnh iu khin n cc a ch thch hp.


Ring i vi my cng c v ngi my cng nghip th b PLC c th lin
kt vi b iu khin s NC hoc CNC hnh thnh b iu khin thch nghi.
Trong h thng trung tm gia cng, mi quy trnh cng ngh u c b PLC
iu khin tp trung.
3.2. Cc thnh phn c bn ca mt b PLC
1. Cu hnh phn cng
H thng PLC
thng dng c nm
b phn c bn
gm: b x l, b
nh, b ngun, giao
din vo/ra v thit
b lp trnh. S h
thng nh hnh 3.1
1.1. B x l
B x l cn gi
l b x l trung
tm (CPU), l linh
kin cha b vi x
l. B x l bin
dch cc tn hiu vo
v thc hin cc hot ng iu khin theo chng trnh c lu trong b nh
ca CPU, truyn cc quyt nh di dng tn hiu hot ng n cc thit b ra.
Nguyn l lm vic ca b x l tin hnh theo tng bc tun t, u tin
cc thng tin lu tr trong b nh chng trnh c gi ln tun t v c
kim sot bi b m chng trnh. B x l lin kt cc tn hiu v a kt qu
ra u ra. Chu k thi gian ny gi l thi gian qut (scan). Thi gian vng qut
ph thuc vo tm vc ca b nh, vo tc ca CPU. Ni chung chu k mt
vng qut nh hnh 3.2
S thao tc tun t ca chng trnh dn n mt thi gian tr trong khi b
m ca chng trnh i qua mt chu trnh y , sau bt u li t u.
nh gi thi gian tr ngi ta o thi gian qut ca mt chng trnh di
1Kbyte v coi l ch tiu so snh cc PLC. Vi nhiu loi thit b thi gian
tr ny c th ti 20ms hoc hn. Nu thi gian tr gy tr ngi cho qu trnh
B x l
B nh
Thit b
lp trnh
Ngun
cung cp
Giao din
vo
Giao din
ra
Hnh 3.1
1. Nhp d liu t TB
ngoi vi vo b m
2. Thc hin chng trnh
3. Truyn thng v kim tra li
4. Chuyn d liu t b m
o ra TB ngoi vi
Hnh 3.2


iu khin th phi dng cc bin php c bit, chng hn nh lp li nhng ln
gi quan trng trong thi gian mt ln qut, hoc l iu khin cc thng tin
chuyn giao b bt i nhng ln gi t quan trng khi thi gian qut di ti
mc khng th chp nhn c. Nu cc gii php trn khng tho mn th phi
dng PLC c thi gian qut ngn hn.
1.2. B ngun
B ngun c nhim v chuyn i in p AC thnh in p thp cho b vi
x l (thng l 5V) v cho cc mch in trong cc module cn li (thng l
24V).
1.3. Thit b lp trnh
Thit b lp trnh c s dng lp cc chng trnh iu khin cn thit
sau c chuyn cho PLC. Thit b lp trnh c th l thit b lp trnh chuyn
dng, c th l thit b lp trnh cm tay gn nh, c th l phn mm c ci
t trn my tnh c nhn.
1.4. B nh
B nh l ni lu gi chng trnh s dng cho cc hot ng iu khin.
Cc dng b nh c th l RAM, ROM, EPROM. Ngi ta lun ch to ngun
d phng cho RAM duy tr chng trnh trong trng hp mt in ngun,
thi gian duy tr tu thuc vo tng PLC c th. B nh cng c th c ch to
thnh module cho php d dng thch nghi vi cc chc nng iu khin c kch
c khc nhau, khi cn m rng c th cm thm.
1.5. Giao din vo/ra
Giao din vo l ni b x l nhn thng tin t cc thit b ngoi vi v truyn
thng tin n cc thit b bn ngoi. Tn hiu vo c th t cc cng tc, cc b
cm bin nhit , cc t bo quang in.... Tn hiu ra c th cung cp cho cc
cun dy cng tc t, cc rle, cc van in t, cc ng c nh... Tn hiu
vo/ra c th l tn hiu ri rc, tn hiu lin tc, tn hiu logic... Cc tn hiu
Nt bm v
cc cng tc
logic gii hn
B chuyn mch,
cng tc hnh
trnh, gii hn
Cc tham s iu
khin nh t
0
p
sut, p lc
Cc tn hiu
bo ng ...
B PLC
Cc cun ht Cc n Cc van
Hnh 3.3


vo/ra c th th hin nh hnh 3.3.
Mi im vo ra c mt a ch duy nht c PLC s dng.
Cc knh vo/ra c cc chc nng cch ly v iu ho tn hiu sao cho cc
b cm bin v cc b tc ng c th ni trc tip vi chng m khng cn
thm mch in khc.
Tn hiu vo thng c
ghp cch in (cch ly) nh
linh kin quang nh hnh 3.4.
Di tn hiu nhn vo cho cc
PLC c ln c th l 5v, 24v,
110v, 220v. Cc PLC c nh
thng ch nhp tn hiu 24v.
Tn hiu ra cng c
ghp cch ly, c th cch ly
kiu rle nh hnh 3.5a, cch ly kiu quang nh hnh 3.5b. Tn hiu ra c th l
tn hiu chuyn mch 24v, 100mA; 110v, 1A mt chiu; thm ch 240v, 1A xoay
chiu tu loi PLC. Tuy nhin, vi PLC c ln di tn hiu ra c th thay i
bng cch la chn cc module ra thch hp.

2. Cu to chung ca PLC
Cc PLC c hai kiu cu to c bn l: kiu hp n v kiu modulle ni
ghp.
Kiu hp n thng dng
cho cc PLC c nh v c
cung cp di dng nguyn
chic hon chnh gm b ngun,
b x l, b nh v cc giao
din vo/ra. Kiu hp n
thng vn c kh nng ghp
ni c vi cc module ngoi
m rng kh nng ca PLC. Kiu hp n nh hnh 3.6.
Hnh 3.5
Cu ch
Tn hiu
ra
Ghp ni quang
PLC
Tn hiu
ra
Rle
PLC
a,
b,

Tn hiu
vo
Tn hiu
n CPU
Ghp ni quang
Diode
bo v
Mch
phn p
Hnh 3.4
PLC
o o o o o o o o o o o o
o o o o o o o o o o o o
Chn cm vo
Chn cm ra
cp ni vi bn ngoi
Hnh 3.6


Kiu module gm cc module ring
cho mi chc nng nh module ngun,
module x l trung tm, module ghp
ni, module vo/ra, module m, module
PID... cc module c lp trn cc rnh
v c kt ni vi nhau. Kiu cu to
ny c th c s dng cho cc thit b
iu khin lp trnh vi mi kch c, c
nhiu b chc nng khc nhau c gp
vo cc module ring bit. Vic s dng
cc module tu thuc cng dng c th.
Kt cu ny kh linh hot, cho php m rng s lng u ni vo/ra bng cch
b sung cc module vo/ra hoc tng cng b nh bng cch tng thm cc n
v nh.
3.3. Cc vn v lp trnh
1. Khi nim chung
Mt PLC c th s dng mt cch kinh t hay khng ph thuc rt ln vo
thit b lp trnh. Khi trang b mt b PLC th ng thi phi trang b mt thit b
lp trnh ca cng mt hng ch to. Tuy nhin, ngy nay ngi ta c th lp
trnh bng phn mm trn my tnh sau chuyn sang PLC bng mch ghp
ni ring.
S khc nhau chnh gia b iu khin kh trnh PLC v cng ngh rle hoc
bn dn l ch k thut nhp chng trnh vo b iu khin nh th no.
Trong iu khin rle, b iu khin c chuyn i mt cch c hc nh u
ni dy iu khin cng. Cn vi PLC th vic lp trnh c thc hin thng
qua mt thit b lp trnh v mt ngoi vi chng trnh. C th ch ra qui trnh lp
trnh theo gin hnh 3.8.

Biu chc nng Biu thi gian
Cn b k thut
Biu cng tc Biu bn dn Biu dy
T iu khin
PLC B nh My vi tnh

B lp trnh
Hnh 3.8
B ngun
B x l
Cc module vo/ra...
Hnh 3.7


lp trnh ngi ta c th s dng mt trong cc m hnh sau y:
+ M hnh dy
+ M hnh cc chc nng
+ M hnh biu ni dy
+ M hnh logic
Vic la chn m hnh no trong cc m hnh trn cho thch hp l tu thuc
vo loi PLC v iu quan trng l chn c loi PLC no cho php giao lu
tin li v trnh c chi ph khng cn thit. a s cc thit b lu hnh trn th
trng hin nay l dng m hnh dy hoc biu ni dy. Nhng PLC hin i
cho php ngi dng chuyn t mt phng php nhp ny sang mt phng
php nhp khc ngay trong qu trnh nhp.
Trong thc t khi s dng biu ni dy th vic lp trnh c v n gin
hn v n c cch th hin gn ging nh mch rle cng tc t. Tuy nhin, vi
nhng ngi c sn nhng hiu bit c bn v ngn ng lp trnh th li cho
rng dng m hnh dy d dng hn, ng thi vi cc mch c ln th dng m
hnh dy c nhiu u im hn.
Mi nh ch to u c nhng thit k v phng thc thao tc thit b lp
trnh ring, v th khi c mt loi PLC mi th phi c thi gian v cn phi c
hun luyn lm quen vi n.
2. Cc phng php lp trnh
T cc cch m t h t ng cc nh ch to PLC son tho ra cc
phng php lp trnh khc nhau. Cc phng php lp trnh u c thit k
n gin, gn vi cc cch m t c bit n. T ni chung c ba
phng php lp trnh c bn l phng php bng lnh STL, phng php biu
bc thang LAD v phng php lu iu khin CSF. Trong , hai phng
php bng lnh STL v biu bc thang LAD c dng ph bin hn c.
2.1. Mt s k hiu chung
Cu trc lnh:
Mt lnh thng c ba phn chnh v thng vit
nh hnh 3.9 (c loi PLC c cch vit hi khc):
1. a ch tng i ca lnh (thng khi lp trnh
thit b lp trnh t a ra)
2. Phn lnh l ni dung thao tc m PLC phi tc ng ln i tng ca lnh,
trong lp trnh LAD th phn ny t th hin trn thanh LAD, khng c
ghi ra.
3. i tng lnh, l phn m lnh tc ng theo yu cu iu khin, trong i
tng lnh li c hai phn:
4. Loi i tng, c trng hp sau loi i tng c du :, loi i tng
nh tn hiu vo, tn hiu ra, c (rle ni)...
1 2 3
4
5
004 A I 00.2
Hnh 3.9


5. Tham s ca i tng lnh xc nh c th i tng, cch ghi tham s
cng ph thuc tng loi PLC khc nhau.
K hiu thng c trong mi lnh:
Cc k hiu trong lnh, qui c cch vit vi mi quc gia c khc nhau,
thm ch mi hng, mi thi ch to ca hng c th c cc k hiu ring. Tuy
nhin, cch ghi chung nht cho mt s quc gia l:
M: + K hiu u vo l I (In), u ra l Q (out trnh nhm O l khng)
+ Cc lnh vit gn ting Anh v d ra l out
+ Lnh ra (gn) l out
+ Tham s ca lnh dng c s 10
+ Pha trc i tng lnh c du %
+ Gia cc s ca tham s khng c du chm.
V d: AND% I09; out%Q10.
Nht: + u vo k hiu l X, u ra k hiu l Y
+ Cc lnh hu nh c vit tt t ting anh
+ Lnh ra (gn) l out
+ Tham s ca lnh dng c s 8.
V d: A X 10; out Y 07
Ty c + u vo k hiu l I, u ra k hiu l Q
+ Cc lnh hu nh c vit tt t ting Anh
+ Lnh ra (gn) l =
+ Tham s ca lnh dng c s 8
+ Gia cc s ca tham s c du chm phn bit khe v knh
V d: A I 1.0; = Q 0.7
Ngoi cc k hiu kh chung nh trn th mi hng cn c cc k hiu ring,
c b lnh ring. Ngay cng mt hng cc thi ch to khc nhau cng c c
im khc nhau vi b lnh khc nhau. Do , khi s dng PLC th mi loi
PLC ta phi tm hiu c th hng dn s dng ca n.
Mt s k hiu khc nhau vi cc lnh c bn c th hin r trn bng 3.1
2.2. Phng php hnh thang LAD (Ladder Logic)
Phng php hnh thang c dng ca biu nt bm. Cc phn t c bn
ca phng php hnh thang l:
+ Tip im: thng m
Thng kn


Bng 3.1
IEC
1131-3
Misubishi OMRON Siemens Telemec-
anique
Spreher
v Schuh
Ch thch
LD LD LD A L STR Khi u vi tip
im thng m
LDN LDI LD NOT AN LN STR NOT Khi u vi tip
im thng kn
AND AND AND A A AND Phn t ni tip c
tip im m
ANDN ANI AND
NOT
AN AN AND NOT Phn t ni tip c
tip im ng
O OR OR O O OR Phn t song song
c tip im m
ORN ORI OR NOT ON ON OR NOT Phn t song song
c tip im ng
ST OUT OUT = = OUT Ly tn hiu ra
+ Cun dy (m t cc rle)
+ Hp (m t cc hm khc nhau, cc lnh c bit)
Mng LAD l ng ni cc phn t thnh mt mch hon chnh, theo th t
t tri sang phi, t trn xung di. Qu trnh qut ca PLC cng theo th t
ny. Mi mt nc thang xc nh mt s hot ng ca qu trnh iu khin.
Mt s LAD c nhiu nc thang. Trn mi phn t ca biu hnh thang
LAD c cc tham s xc nh tu thuc vo k hiu ca tng hng sn xut
PLC.
V d: mt nc ca phng php hnh thang nh hnh 3.10
Hnh 3.10a l kiu k hiu ca Misubishi (Nht)
Hnh 3.10b l kiu k hiu ca Siemens (Ty c)
Hnh 3.10c l k hiu ca Allen Bradley
2.3. Phng php lit k lnh STL (Statement List)
Phng php STL gn vi biu logic. phng php ny cc lnh c
lit k th t. Tuy nhin, phn bit cc on chng trnh ngi ta thng
dng cc m nh, mi m nh tng ng vi mt nc thang ca biu hnh
X400
X401
X402
y430
a,
I0.0
I0.1
I0.2
Q3.0
b,
I:001/01
c,
I:011/01
I:002/01
O:010/01
Hnh 3.10: phng php lp trnh thang LAD


thang. khi u mi on (tng ng nh khi u mt nc thang) ta s dng
cc lnh khi u nh LD, L, A, O... (bng 3.1). Kt thc mi on thng l
lnh gn cho u ra, u ra c th l u ra cho thit b ngoi vi c th l u ra
cho cc rle ni.
V d: Mt on STL ca PLC S5 (Siemens)
0 A I 0.0
1 A I 0.1
2 = Q 1.0
Mt on STL ca PLC S7-200 (Siemens)
0 LD I 0.1
1 A I 0.2
3 = Q 1.0
Mt on STL ca PLC MELSEC F1 (Nht)
0 LD X 400
1 O X 403
2 ANI X 404
3 OUT Y 433
Mt on STL ca CPM1A (OMRON)
0 LD 000.01
1 OR 010.00
2 AND NOT 000.00
3 AND 000.03
4 OUT 010.00
2.4. Phng php lu iu khin CSF (Control System Flow)
Phng php lu iu khin
CSF trnh by cc php ton logic vi
cc k hiu ho c tiu chun
ho nh hnh 3.15. Phng php lu
iu khin thch hp vi ngi quen
vi php tnh iu khin bng i s
Booole.
3. Cc rle ni
Trong cc loi PLC c nhiu thut ng dng ch cc linh kin loi ny, v
d: rle ph, b vch du, c hiu, lu tr bt, bit nh... y l linh kin cung
I 0.0 I 0.1
Q 1.0
Hnh 3.11
I 0.1 I 0.2
Q 1.0
Hnh 3.12
X400
X403
X404
Y433
Hnh 3.13
000.01
010.00
000.00
010.00
000.03
Hnh 3.14

&
I0.0
I0.1 Q0.0
Hnh 3.15: Phng php biu din CSF


cp cc chc nng c bit gn lin vi PLC v c dng ph bit trong lp
trnh. Rle ni ny tng t nh cc rle trung gian trong s rle cng tc t.
Rle ni cng c coi l cc u ra nhn cc lnh gn u ra, nhng thc
cht u ra ny khng a ra ngoi (khng phi thit b ngoi vi) m ch nm ni
ti trong PLC. PLC nh c th c ti hng trm rle ni, cc rle ni u c
nui bng ngun d phng khi mt in.
Mt s k hiu cc rle ni:
Hng Tn gi K hiu V d
Misubishi Rle ph hoc b nh du M M100; M101
Siemens C hiu F F0.0; F0.1
Sprecher v Schuh Cun dy C C001; C002
Telemecanique Bit B B0; B1
Toshiba Rle ni R R000; R001
Bradley Lu tr bit B B3/001; B3/002
V d: s dng rle ni (ca Misibishi)
0 LD X 400
1 OR X 403
2 ANI X 404
3 OUT M 100
4 LD M 100
5 AND X 401
6 OUT Y 433
4. Cc rle thi gian
Trong cc h thng iu khin lun lun phi s dng rle thi gian duy
tr thi gian cho qu trnh iu khin. Trong cc PLC ngi ta cng gn cc rle
thi gian vo trong . Tuy nhin, thi gian y c xc nh nh ng h
trong CPU. Cc rle thi gian cng c cc tn gi khc nhau nhng thng gi
nht l b thi gian (Time).
Cc nh sn xut PLC khng thng nht v cch lp trnh cho cc rle thi
gian ny. Mi loi PLC (thm ch trong cng hng) cng c cc k hiu v cch
lp trnh rt khc nhau cho rle thi gian. S lng rle thi gian trong mi PLC
cng rt khc nhau.
im chung nht i vi cc rle thi gian l cc hng u coi rle thi gian
l cc u ra ni, do rle thi gian l u ra ca nc thang, hay ca mt on
chng trnh.
5. Cc b m
B m cho php m tn sut xut hin tn hiu vo. B m c th c
dng trong trng hp m cc sn phm di chuyn trn bng chuyn v s sn
phm xc nh cn chuyn vo thng. B m c th m s vng quay ca trc,
hoc s ngi i qua ca. Cc b m ny c ci t sn trong PLC.
X400
X403
X404
M100
M100 X401
Y433
Hnh 3.16


C hai loi b m l b m tin v b m li. Cc nh sn xut PLC cng
s dng cc b m theo nhng cch c khc nhau. Tuy nhin, cng nh cc b
thi gian, b m cng c coi l u ra ca PLC v y cng l u ra ni,
xut tn hiu ra ngoi phi qua u ra ngoi vi (c chn ni ra ngoi PLC).
3.4. nh gi u nhc im ca PLC
Trc y, b PLC thng rt t, kh nng hot ng b hn ch v qui
trnh lp trnh phc tp. V nhng l do m PLC ch c dng trong nhng
nh my v cc thit b c bit. Ngy nay do gim gi lin tc, km theo tng
kh nng ca PLC dn n kt qu l ngy cng c p dng rng ri cho cc
thit b my mc. Cc b PLC n khi vi 24 knh u vo v 16 knh u ra
thch hp vi cc my tiu chun n, cc trang thit b lin hp. Cn cc b
PLC vi nhiu kh nng ng dng v la chn c dng cho nhng nhim v
phc tp hn.
C th k ra cc u im ca PLC nh sau:
+ Chun b vo hot ng nhanh: Thit k kiu module cho php thch nghi
nhanh vi mi chc nng iu khin. Khi c lp ghp th PLC sn sng lm
vic ngay. Ngoi ra n cn c s dng li cho cc ng dng khc d dng.
+ tin cy cao: Cc linh kin in t c tui th di hn cc thit b c-
in. tin cy ca PLC ngy cng tng, bo dng nh k thng khng cn
thit cn vi mch rle cng tc t th vic bo dng nh k l cn thit.
+ D dng thay i chng trnh: Nhng thay i chng trnh c tin
hnh n gin. sa i h thng iu khin v cc quy tc iu khin ang
c s dng, ngi vn hnh ch cn nhp tp lnh khc, gn nh khng cn
mc ni li dy (tuy nhin, c th vn phi ni li nu cn thit). Nh h
thng rt linh hot v hiu qu.
+ nh gi nhu cu n gin: Khi bit cc u vo v cc u ra th c th
nh gi c kch c yu cu ca b nh hay di chng trnh. Do , c th
d dng v nhanh chng la chn PLC ph hp vi cc yu cu cng ngh t ra.
+ Kh nng ti to: Nu dng nhiu PLC vi qui cch k thut ging nhau
th chi ph lao ng s gim thp hn nhiu so vi b iu khin rle. l do
gim phn ln lao ng lp rp.
+ Tit kim khng gian: PLC i hi t
khng gian hn so vi b iu khin rle tng
ng.
+ C tnh cht nhiu chc nng: PLC c u
im chnh l c th s dng cng mt thit b
iu khin c bn cho nhiu h thng iu khin.
Ngi ta thng dng PLC cho cc qu trnh t
ng linh hot v d dng thun tin trong tnh
ton, so snh cc gi tr tng quan, thay i chng trnh v thay i cc thng
s.
Gi c
H PLC
H rle
Hnh 3.17
S lng vo/ra


+ V gi tr kinh t: Khi xt v gi tr kinh t ca PLC ta phi cp n s
lng u ra v u vo. Quan h v gi thnh vi s lng u vo/ra c dng
nh hnh 3.17. Nh vy, nu s lng u vo/ra qu t th h rle t ra kinh t
hn, nhng khi s lng u vo/ra tng ln th h PLC kinh t hn hn.
Khi tnh n gi c ca PLC th khng th khng k n gi ca cc b phn
ph khng th thiu nh thit b lp trnh, my in, bng ghi... c vic o to
nhn vin k thut. Ni chung nhng phn mm thit k lp trnh cho cc
mc ch c bit l kh t. Ngy nay nhiu hng ch to PLC cung cp
chn b ng gi phn mm c th nghim, nhng vic thay th, sa i
cc phn mm l nhu cu khng th trnh khi, do , vn cn thit phi c k
nng phn mm.
Phn b gi c cho vic lp t mt PLC thng nh sau:
- 50% cho phn cng ca PLC
- 10% cho thit k khun kh chng trnh
- 20% cho son tho v lp trnh
- 15% cho chy th nghim
- 5% cho ti liu.
Vic lp t mt PLC tip theo ch bng khong 1/2 gi thnh ca b u
tin, ngha l hu nh ch cn chi ph phn cng.
C th so snh h iu khin rle v h iu khin PLC nh sau:
H rle: + Nhiu b phn c chun ho
+ t nhy cm vi nhiu
+ Kinh t vi cc h thng nh
- Thi gian lp t lu
- Thay i kh khn
- Kh theo di v kim tra cc h thng ln, phc tp
- Cn bo qun thng xuyn
- Kch thc ln
H PLC + Thay i d dng qua cng ngh phch cm
+ Lp t n gin
+ Thay i nhanh qui trnh iu khin
+ Kch thc nh
+ C th ni vi mng my tnh
- Gi thnh cao
B thit b lp trnh thng t, s dng t.


Chng 4: B iu khin PLC - CPM1A
4.1. Cu hnh cng
1. Cu to ca h PLC - CPM1A.
PLC - CPM1A thuc h OMRON do Nht bn sn xut. y l loi PLC
n khi c th lp ghp thm cc module v lp ghp nhiu PLC vi nhau. n
v c bn ca PLC CPM1A nh hnh 4.1
Trong :
1. Cc n bo h thng:
+ n PWR (xanh): bo ngun.
+ n RUN (xanh): PLC ang ch chy hoc kim tra, (n tt th
PLC ang ch lp trnh hoc c li).
+ n ERR/ALM (): + sng: C li, PLC khng hot ng.
+ Nhp nhy, hoc tt: PLC ang hot ng.
+ COMM (da cam): D liu ang c truyn ti cng ngoi vi.
2. Cng ghp ni vi my tnh hoc thit b lp trnh (c np y).
3. Cc n ch th v a ch ra, (sng nu c tn hiu ra).
4. Chn ni cho u ra (c np y).
5. Cc n ch th v a ch vo, (sng nu c tn hiu vo).
6. Chn ni cho u vo (c np y).

IN
0CH 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11

PWR ERR ALM
RUN COMM

OUT
10CH 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07

Hnh 4.1: Hnh khi mt trc PLC CPM1A
omron
SYSMAC
CPM1A

2
5
5
3
4
1
6


2. Cc thng s k thut
2.1. Cc loi CPM1A
Trong h CPM1A c cc PLC sau:
M hiu Ngun cung cp S u vo S u ra Tng s I/O
CPM1A-10CDR-A AC 6 4 10
CPM1A-10CDR-D DC
CPM1A-20CDR-D DC
CPM1A-30CDR-D AD
CPM1A-40CDR-D DC

2.2. Thng s chung
Mc 10-u I/O 20-u I/O 30-u I/O 40-u I/O
in p
cung cp
Kiu AC 100 n 240v AC, 50/60 Hz
Kiu DC 24v DC
Phm vi
in p
Kiu AC 85 n 264 v AC
Kiu DC 20,4 n 26,4v DC
Tiu th
in
Kiu AC max 30 VA max 60 VA
Kiu DC max 6 W max 20 W
Dng in max 30 A max 60 A
Ngun cp ra
(ch c kiu AC)
p 24 VDC
Dng 200 mA 300 mA
in tr cch ly 20 M min. (ti 500v DC) gia cc AC v cc tip a.
bn xung lc 147m/s
2
(20G) ba ln mi chiu X, Y v Z
Nhit mi trng Nhit lm vic: 0 n 55C
0
Nhit bo qun:-20 n 75C
0
m mi trng 10% to 90% (with no condensation)
Mi trng lm vic Khng lm vic trong mi trng kh t
Thi gian cho gin on
ngun
Kiu AC: min 10ms; Kiu DC: min 2ms.
(Thi gian gin on tnh khi ngun nh hn 85% nh
mc)
Trng lng
CPU
Kiu AC Max 400 g Max 500 g Max 600 g Max 700 g
Kiu DC Max 300 g Max 400 g Max 500 g Max 600 g



2.3. Cc c trng
Mc 10-u I/O 20-u I/O 30-u I/O 40-u I/O
di lnh T 1 n 5 t cho 1 lnh
Kiu lnh Lnh c bn: 14; lnh c bit: 77 kiu, tng 135 lnh
Thi gian thc hin Lnh c bn: 0.72 n 16.2 s
Lnh c bit: 12.375 s (lnh MOV)
Dung lng chng
trnh
2,048 t (Words)
vo
ra
cc
i
Ch CPU 6 input
4 output
12 input
8 output
18 input
12 output
24 input1
16 output
C module
m rng
----- ------ 54 input
36 output
60 input
40 output
Vo dng bit 00000 n 00915 (Words 0 n 9)
Ra dng bit 01000 n 01915 (Words 10 to 19)
T bit (vng IR ) 512 bits: IR20000 to 23115 (words IR 200 to IR 231)
Bit c bit (vng SR) 384 bits: SR 23200 to 25515 (words SR 232 to IR 255)
Bit tm thi (vng
TR)
8 bits (TR0 to TR7)
Bit gi (vng HR) 320 bits: HR 0000 to HR 1915 (words HR 00 to HR 19)
Bit b tr (Vng AR) 256 bits:AR 0000 to AR 1515 (words AR 00 to AR 15)
Bit lin kt (vng LR) 256 bits: LR 0000 to LR 1515 (words LR 00 to LR 15)
Timers/Counters 128 Timers/counters (TIM/CNT 000 to TIM/CNT 127)
100-ms Timers: TIM 000 to TIM 127
10-ms Timers: TIM 00 to TIM 127
Nh d liu Read/Write:1,024 words (DM 0000 to DM 1023 )
Read-only: 512 words (DM 6144 to DM 6655)
X l ngt 2 im (thi gian
phn ng: Max
0.3 ms.)
4 im (thi gian phn ng: Max: 0.3
ms)
Bo v b nh HR, AR, S liu trong vng nh ni dung v s m c
bo v khi ngun b gin on.
Sao lu b nh T in d phng: s liu nh (c/vit), bit gi, bt nh b
tr, b m (20 ngy trong iu kin nhit 25
0
C)
Chc nng t chun
on
CPU b hng, I/O li ng dn, li b nh.
Chng trnh kim tra Khng c lnh kt thc, li ca chng trnh (lin tc kim
tra trong thi gian lm vic)
B m tc cao 1 b: 5 kHz 1 pha, hoc 2.5 kHz 2 pha
Kiu tng dn: 0 n 65, 535 (16 bits)
Kiu tng/gim: -32,767 n 32,767 (16 bits)
Nhp hng s thi
gian
C th t 1 ms, 2 ms, 4 ms, 8 ms, 16 ms, 32 ms, 64 ms,
hoc 128 ms
t tn hiu Analog 2 ng (0 to 200 BCD)



2.4. Cu trc vng nh
D liu T Bit Chc nng
IR

Vo IR 000 n IR 009
(10 words)
IR 00000 n IR
00915 (160 bits)
Cc bit ny c th lm vic
vng vo ra m rng
Ra IR 010 n IR 019
(10 words)
IR 01000 n IR
01915 (160 bits)
lm
vic
Ir 200 n IR 231
(32 words)
Ir 20000 n IR to
23115 (512 bits)
Cc t bit ny c th s dng
tu trong chng trnh
SR SR 232 n SR
255 (24 words)
SR 23200 n
25515 (384 bits)
Nhng bit ny phc v cho
chc nng c bit nh c v
bit iu khin.
TR --- TR 0 n TR 7
(8 bits)
Bit ny c s dng trng
thi ng m trong chng
trnh phn nhnh
HR

HR 00 n HR 19
(20 words)
HR 0000 n HR
1915 (320 bits)
Nhng bt ny lu gi trng
thi ng m khi mt ngun
ngoi.
Ar AR 00 n HR 15
(16 words)
AR 0000 n HR
1515 (256 bits)
Nhng bit ny phc v cho
chc nng c bit nh c v
bit iu khin.
LR LR 00 n LR 15
(16 words)
LR 00000 n LR
1515 (256 bits)
S dng kt ni 1:2 vi PC
khc.
Timer/
couter
TC 000 n TC 127 (timer/counter) S ging nhau s dng cho
c time v couter.
DM c
/vit
DM 0000 DM
0999
DM 1022 DM
1023 (1,002
words)
--- DM l d liu ch truy cp
dng t. Cc d liu dng t
c ct gi khi mt ngun.
Ghi
li
DM 1000 n DM
1021 (22 words)
--- S dng ghi thi gian s
c v li xut hin. T y c
th c/ghi khi li xut hin.
Ch
c
DM 6144 n DM
6599 (456 words)
--- Khng th ghi ln chng
trnh
Ci
t
PC

Dm 6600 n DM
6655 (%6 words)
--- S dng n nhiu vng tham
s iu khin lm vic ca
PC
Ch : 1. Bit IR v LR khi cha s dng cho cc chc nng chnh th c th s dng
nh bit lm vic.
2. Ni dung ca vng HR, LR, Counter, v vng c/ghi DM c th c lu
gi bng t in nhit 25
0
C, vi thi gian 20 ngy.
3. Khi truy nhp cc s PV, TC th d liu dng t; khi truy cp vo c th d
liu dng bit.
4. D liu trong DM 6144 n DM 6655 khng th ghi t chng trnh
nhng c th thay i t thit b ngoi Peripheral Device.


2.5. Cc vo ra - cc bit vng IR cho vo ra m rng
Bng sau cho bit cc bit vng IR dng cho module vo ra m rng ca CPM1A v
cc loi module m rng.
S vo/ra
ca CPU
im ni CPU
(a ch)
im ni vng m
rng (a ch)
Ngun S module
Vo Ra Vo Ra
10 6 im:
00000
00005
4 im:
01000
01003
--- --- AC CPM1A_10CDR-A
DC CPM1A_10CDR-D
20 12 im:
00000
00011
8 im:
01000
01007
--- --- AC CPM1A_20CDR-A
DC CPM1A_20CDR-D
30 18 im:
00000
00011
00100
00105
12 im:
01000
01007
01100
01103
36 im:
00200
00211
00300
00311
00400
00411
24 im:
01200
01207
01300
01307
01400
01407
AC CPM1A_30CDR-A
DC CPM1A_30CDR-D
40 20 im:
00000
00011
00100
00111
16 im:
01000
01007
01100
01107
AC CPM1A_40CDR-A
DC CPM1A_40CDR-D
4.2. Ghp ni
PLC CPM1A c th ghp ni vi 32 b PLC cng loi thnh h thng.
lp trnh cho PLC th c th ghp ni n vi thit b lp trnh cm tay, b lp
trnh chuyn dng hoc my tnh tng thch.
1. Kt ni vi thit b lp trnh cm tay: Ta ni trc tip cp ca thit b cm tay
vo PLC nh hnh 4.2

IN
0CH 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11
PWR ERR ALM
RUN COMM
OUT
10CH 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
omron
SYSMAC
CPM1A

PRO27 OMRON
Run
Monitor
Program
FUN SFT NOT SHIFT
AND OR CNT TR *EM AR
LD OUT TIM EM CH CONT
7 8 9 EXT CHG SRCH
4 5 6 SET DEL MONTR
1 2 3 RESET INS
0 CLR VER WRITE
Thit b lp trnh cm tay
PLC CPM1A
Hnh 4.2: Ghp ni PLC vi thit b lp trnh cm tay


2. Kt ni vi thit b lp trnh chuyn dng hoc my tnh tng thch
Khi ghp ni vi my tnh tng thch ta dng cp ni chun RS-232C v b
phi hp RS-232 (hoc RS-422) hoc cp chuyn i loi CQM1-CIF02 khi
ghp ni vi thit b lp trnh chuyn dng nh hnh 4.3. PLC c ghp ni vi
cng ni tip (COM) ca my tnh.
3. Kt ni nhiu PLC v my tnh
IN
0CH 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11
PWR ERR ALM
RUN COMM
OUT
10CH 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
omron
SYSMAC
CPM1A

B phi hp RS-232C
PLC - CPM1a
RS-232C Cable
CQM1-CIF02
My tnh tng thch
Thit b lp trnh chuyn dng OMRON
Hnh 4.3: Ghp ni vi lp trnh chuyn dng hoc PC
IN
0CH 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11
PWR ERR ALM
RUN COMM
OUT
10CH 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
omron
SYSMAC
CPM1A

IN
0CH 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11
PWR ERR ALM
RUN COMM
OUT
10CH 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07
omron
SYSMAC
CPM1A
My tnh tng thch
PLC - CPM1A
PLC - CPM1A
B phi hp kt ni
B500 - AL004
Cp ni RS-232
Cp ni RS-422

B phi hp RS-232
Hnh 4.4: Ghp ni nhiu PLC


C th ghp thnh h thng nh ni cc PLC - CPM1A vi nhau, s PLC -
CPM1A c th ghp ti a l 32, h thng ny c th ni vi my tnh tng
thch. S nh hnh 4.4. Chiu di ln nht cho php ca cp RS-422 l 500m.
4.3. Ngn ng lp trnh
1. Cu trc chng trnh PLC CPM1A.
Cc chng trnh iu khin vi PLC CPM1A c th c vit dng n
khi hoc a khi.
Chng trnh n khi
Chng trnh n khi ch vit cho cc cng vic t ng n gin, cc lnh
c vit tun t trong mt khi. Khi vit chng trnh n khi ngi ta dng
khi OB1. B PLC qut khi theo chng trnh, sau khi qut n lnh cui cng
n quay tr li lnh u tin.
Chng trnh a khi (c cu trc)
Khi nhim v t ng ho phc tp ngi ta chia chng trnh iu khin ra
thnh tng phn ring gi l khi. Chng trnh c th xp lng khi ny vo
khi kia. Chng trnh ang thc hin khi ny c th dng lnh gi khi
sang lm vic vi khi khc, sau khi kt thc cng vic khi mi n quay v
thc hin tip chng trnh tm dng khi c.
2. Bng lnh ca PLC - PCM1A
Xem phn Bng lnh
3. Lp trnh cc lnh logic c bn ca PLC - PCM1A
Vi PLC ny c: 12 u vo vi a ch xc nh t 000.00 n 000.11
8 u ra vi a ch xc nh t 010.00 n 010.07
Khi lp trnh phn mm lp trnh t hiu cc a ch trn, khng cn a
khi nim phn bit vo/ra. Nu a thm khi nim vo/ra (X/Y) my s
khng chp nhn.
Kt thc chng trnh phi c lnh kt thc END chng trnh mi chy.
3.1. Lnh AND
Lp trnh dng LAD (c th lp trnh dng STL v kim tra li dng LAD).
LD 000.00
AND 000.03
AND 000.04
OUT 010.00
+ Xem li chng trnh t
biu tng (phn ph lc 1)
Hnh 4.5: Lnh AND
000.00 000.03 000.04 010.00
END (01)


+ Chn trng thi MONITOR hoc trng thi PROGRAM (STOP/PRG)
nh Shift + F10 hoc biu tng PLC Mode. chng trnh sang PLC t
biu tng hoc t ng dn (nh ph lc 1).
+ Chn trng thi MONITOR hoc trng thi RUN nh Shift + F10 hoc
biu tng PLC Mode chy chng trnh.
Quan st cc kt qu.
3.2. Lnh AND NOT
Dng STL
LD 000.03
AND NOT 000.00
AND 000.04
OUT 010.01
END
3.3. Lnh OR: Dng STL
LD 000.03
OR 000.04
OR 000.05
OUT 010.02
END
3. 4. Lnh OR NOT
Dng STL
LD 00.03
OR NOT 00.04
OR 000.05
OUT 010.02
END
3. 5. Lnh OR gia hai lnh AND
Dng STL.
LD 000.03
AND 000.04
LD 000.05
AND 000.06
OR LD
OUT 010.00
END
Hnh 4.9: Lnh OR v AND
000.03 000.04
000.05
010.00
000.06
END
Hnh 4.8: Lnh OR NOT
000.03
000.04
000.05
010.02
END
Hnh 4.7: Lnh OR
000.03
000.04
000.05
010.02
END
Hnh 4.6: Lnh AND NOT
000.03 000.00 000.04 010.00
END (01)


3. 6. Lnh thi gian tr
Dng STL
LD 000.03
TIM 000 #010
LD TIM000
OUT 010.00
END
Ch : + Trong lnh (TIM 000 #010) lot s
u ch s hiu ca rle thi gian (rle
thi gian s 0), lot s th hai ch thi gian t (10s).
+ Khi u vo 000.03 c gi tr 1 th b thi gian bt u tnh thi gian,
khi 10s th b thi gian cho gi tr ra, tc u ra 010.00 c gi tr 1.
3.7. B m
LD 000.03
LD 000.00
CNT 000 #005
LD CNT000
OUT 010.00
END
Ch : + u vo th nht (000.03) l u vo
m, mi khi u vo ny nhn gi tr 1
th b m m mt ln.
+ u vo th hai (000.00) l u vo reset b m, khi u vo ny
nhn gi tr 1 th b m b reset v trng thi ban u
+ Trong lnh (CNT 001 #005) lot s u ch s hiu ca b m (b
m s 1), lot s th hai ch s m t (5 s), khi u vo 000.03
t nm ln gi tr 1 th b m cho gi tr ra, tc u ra 010.00 c gi tr
1.

Hnh 4.10: Lnh thi gian
000.03
TIM000
010.00
END (01)
TIM

000
#010
0010 bcd
Time
End
Hnh 4.11: B m
000.03
CNT001
010.00
END (01)
CNT

001

#005
0005 bcd
Counter
End
000.00


Chng 5: B iu khin PLC - S5
5.1. Cu to ca h PLC Step5
PLC Step 5 thuc h Simatic do hng Siemens sn xut. y l loi PLC hn
hp va n khi va a khi. Cu to c bn ca loi PLC ny l mt n v c
bn sau c th ghp thm cc modue m rng v pha bn phi, c cc
module m rng tiu chun S5-100U. Nhng module ngoi ny bao gm nhng
n v chc nng m c th t hp li cho ph hp vi nhng nhim v k thut
c th.
1. n v c bn
n v c bn ca PLC S5- 95U nh hnh 5.1
Trong :
1. Ngn c qui
2. M in c qui
3. Cng tt m ngun.
4. Bng cm v n bo cho u vo v ra logic, c: 16 u vo t
I32.0 n I33.7; 16 u ra t Q32.0 n Q33.7
5. u ni ngun 24v cho khi c bn.
Hnh 5.1: Hnh khi mt trc PLC S5-95U

1

1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
siemens Simatic S5-95U

2
3
5
4
6
8
9
10
11
12
13
7


6. Giao din cho u vo b ngt IW59.0 n IW59.3 v u vo b
m IW36 n IW38.
7. Giao din ni tip vi my lp trnh hoc my tnh.
8. Giao din tip nhn module nh ngoi.
9. Giao din cho u vo ra analog.
10. Cng tc chn ch RUN, STOP,
11. n bo ch STOP.
12. n bo ch RUN.
13. n bo li.
2. Cc module vo ra m rng
Khi qu trnh t ng ho i hi s lng u v u ra nhiu hn s lng
sn c trn n v c bn hoc khi cn nhng chc nng c bit th c th m
rng n v c bn bng cch g thm cc modue ngoi. Ti a c th g thm 8
modue vo ra qua 8 v tr c sn trn panen v pha phi. Thng Step 5 s dng
cc module m rng:
+ Modue vo, ra s duy tr.
+ Modue vo, ra s khng duy tr ly t S5-100U.
+ Modue vo, ra tng t khng duy tr ly t S5-100U.
+ Modue thng tin khng duy tr CCP.
* Qui c cc chn ca module m rng nh hnh 5.2
+ Chn 1: Dng ngun (L+)
+ Chn 2: m ngun (M)
+ Chn 4: Knh s 0
+ Chn 3: Knh s 1
+ Chn 6: Knh s 2
+ Chn 5: Knh s 3
+ Chn 8: Knh s 4
+ Chn 7: Knh s 5
+ Chn 10: Knh s 6
+ Chn 9: Knh s 7
5.2. a ch v gn a ch
Trong PLC cc a ch cn gi thng tin n hoc ly thng tin i u phi
c a ch lin lc. a ch l con s hoc t hp cc con s i theo sau ch
ci. Ch ci ch loi a ch, con s hoc t hp con s ch s hiu a ch.

1 3 5 7 9
2 4 6 8 10
Hnh 5.2: S chn
module m rng


Trong PLC c nhng b phn c gn a ch n nh b thi gian (T), b
m (C) v c (F), ch cn mt trong 3 ch ci km theo mt s l , v d:
T1, C32, F6...
Cc a ch u vo v u ra cng vi cc module chc nng c a ch
phc, cch gn a ch ging nhau. Ta xt cch gn a ch cho cc u vo, ra.
C hai loi u vo ra:
+ u vo ra trn khi c bn (gn lin vi CPU), cc u vo ra ny c
a ch khng i, vi S5-95U l I32.0 n I33.7, Q32.0 n Q33.3.
+ u vo ra trn cc module m rng th a ch ph thuc vo v tr lp
t ca module trn Panen. Ch lp module trn Panen gi l khe (Slot), cc khe
u c nh s, khe s 0 ng lin vi n v c bn v c th tip tc.
1. a ch vo/ra trn module s
Khi lp module s vo ra ln mt khe no lp tc n c mang s hiu ca
khe . Trn mi module th mi u vo, ra l mt knh, cc knh u c
nh s. a ch ca mi u vo ra l s ghp ca s hiu khe v knh, s hiu
khe ng trc, s hiu knh ng sau, gia hai s c du chm. S hiu khe v
knh nh hnh 5.3.
V d: a ch ca knh s 2 trn
module cm vo khe s 0 l 0.2.
Mi u vo ra trn module s ch
th hin c ti mt thi im mt
trong hai trng thi 1 hoc 0. Nh
vy mi knh ca module s ch c
biu din bng mt bit s liu, v vy
a ch ca knh trn module s cn
c gi l a ch bit, mi module mang nhiu knh tc l cha nhiu bit,
thng l 8 bit hay mt byte, v vy a ch khe cn gi l a ch byte.
Module s c th c lp trn bt k khe no trn Panen ca PLC.
2. a ch vo ra trn module tng t
din t mt gi tr tng t ta phi cn nhiu bit. Trong PLC S5 ngi ta
dng 16 bit (mt word). Cc lnh tng t c th c gn a ch byte hoc a
ch word khi dng lnh np hoc truyn.
Ch c th lp module tng t vo khe 0 n 7. Mi khe c 4 knh, mi
knh mang 2 a ch nh s t 64+65 (u khe 0) n 126+127 (cui khe 7)
nh hnh 5.4.
Nh vy mi knh mang a ch ring khng km theo a ch khe, c a
ch knh l bit n nm khe no.
V d: Mt module tng t lp vo khe s 2 trn knh s 0 mang a ch byte
80 v 81.
n
v c
bn
0
1
:
7
0
1
:
7
0
1
:
7
0
1
:
7
Khe s: 0 1 2 3 ...
Hnh 5.3: S hiu khe v knh trn module


Ch : Cc khe trng bao gi cng c trng thi tn hiu 0.
5.3. Vng i tng
TT Tn tham s Din gii Vng tham s
1 ACCUM 1 c qui 1
2 ACCUM2 c qui 2
3 BN Hng s byte -127 n 127
4 C B m - C nh
- Khng nh
0 n 7
8 n 127
5 CCO/CC1 M iu kin 1 v m iu kin 2
6 D S liu dng bit 0.0 n 255.15
7 DB Khi s liu 2 n 255
8 DL T d liu tri 0 n 255
9 DR T d liu phi 0 n 225
10 DW T d liu 0 n 255
11 F C - C nh
- Khng nh
0.0 n 63.7
64.0 n 255.7
12 FB Khi hm 0 n 255
13 FW T c - C nh
- Khng nh
0 n 62
64 n 254
14 FY T byte - C nh
- Khng nh
0 n 63
64 n 255
15 I u vo bit 0.0 n 127.7
16 IB u vo byte 0 n 127
17 IW u vo t 0 n 126
18 KB Hng s 1 byte 0 n 255
19 KC Hng s m 0 n 999
20 KF Hng s -32768 n
32677
21 KH Hng s dng c s 16 0000 n FFFF
22 KM Hng s bit dng byte Mi byte 16 bit
23 KS Hng s cho k t 2 k t ASCII
24 KT Hng s cho thi gian 0.0 n 999.3
25 KY Hng s 0 n 255 cho
mi byte
26 OB Khi t chc (khi c bit: 1, 3, 0 n 255
n
v c
bn
64+65
66+67
68+69
70+71
Khe s: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
72+73
74+75
76+77
78+79
80+81
82+83
84+85
86+87
88+89
90+91
92+93
94+95
96+97
98+99
100+101
102+103
104+105
106+107
108+109
110+111
112+113
114+115
116+117
118+119
120+121
122+123
124+125
126+127
Hnh 5.4: a ch module tng t


13, 21, 31, 34, 251)
27 PB Khi chng trnh 0 n 255
28 PB/PY m ngoi vi vo ra 0 n 127
29 PII B m u vo
30 PIQ B m u ra
31 PW m ngoi vi dng t 0 n 125
32 Q u ra bit 0.0 n 127.7
33 QB u ra dng byte 0 n 127
34 QW u ra dng t 0 n 125
35 RS Vng s liu h thng 0 n 255
36 SB Khi dy 0 n 255
37 T B thi gian 0 n 127

5.4. Cu trc ca chng trnh S5
1. Cu trc chng trnh
Cc chng trnh iu khin vi PLC S5 c th c vit dng n khi
hoc a khi.
Chng trnh n khi
Chng trnh a khi (c cu trc):
Ngi lp trnh c th xp lng khi ny vo khi kia thnh lp, ti a l 16
lp. Nu s lp vt qu gii hn th PLC t ng v trng thi ban u.
2. Khi v on (Block and Segment)
Cu trc mi khi gm c:
+ u khi gm tn khi, s hiu khi v xc nh chiu di khi.
+ Thn khi: Th hin ni dung khi v c chia thnh on (Segment)
thc hin tng cng on ca t ng ho sn xut. Mi on li bao gm mt
s dng lnh phc v vic gii bi ton logic. Kt qu ca php ton logic c
gi vo RLO (Result of logic operation). Vic phn chia chng trnh thnh cc
on cng nh hng n RLO. Khi bt u mt on mi th to ra mt gi tr
RLO mi, khc vi gi tr RLO ca on trc.


+ Kt thc khi: Phn kt thc khi l lnh kt thc khi BE.
Cc loi khi:
* Khi t chc OB (Organisation Block):
Khi t chc qun l chng trnh iu khin v t chc vic thc hin
chng trnh.
* Khi chng trnh PB (Program Block):
Khi chng trnh sp xp chng trnh iu khin theo chc nng hoc kha
cnh k thut.
* Khi dy SB (Sequence Block):
Khi dy l loi khi c bit c iu khin theo chong trnh dy v c
x l nh khi chng trnh.
* Khi chc nng FB (Function Block):
Khi chc nng l loi khi c bit dng lp trnh cc phn chng trnh
iu khin ti din thng xuyn hoc c bit phc tp. C th gn tham s cho
cc khi v chng c mt nhm lnh m rng.
* Khi d liu DB (Data Block):
Khi d liu lu tr cc d liu cn thit cho vic x l chng trnh iu
khin.
5.5. Bng lnh ca S5-95U
Cc lnh ca chng trnh S5 c chia thnh ba nhm l:
1. Nhm lnh c bn
Nhm lnh c bn gm nhng lnh s dng cho cc chc nng, thc hin
trong cc khi t chc OB, khi chng trnh PB, khi dy SB v khi chc nng
FB. Ngoi tr hai lnh s hc +F v -F ch c biu din bng phng php dy
lnh STL, cn li tt c cc lnh c bn khc u c th c biu din bng c
ba phng php l bng lnh STL, lu iu khin CSF v biu bc
thang LAD.
2. Nhm lnh b tr
Nhm lnh b tr bao gm cc lnh s dng cho cc chc nng phc tp, v
d nh cc lnh thay th, cc chc nng th nghim, cc lnh dch chuyn hoc
chuyn i...
Cc lnh b tr dng trong khi chc nng v c biu din bng phng
php bng lnh STL. Ch c rt t lnh c s dng phng php lu .
3. Nhm lnh h thng
Cc lnh h thng c php thm nhp trc tip vo h thng iu hnh v
ch c th c biu din bng phng php bng lnh STL. Ch khi thc s am
hiu v h thng mi nn s dng cc lnh h thng.


Din di ca cc lnh xem phn Bng lnh
5.6. C php mt s lnh c bn ca S5
1. Nhm lnh logic c bn
Khi thc hin lnh u tin ca mt lot php ton logic th ni dung ca i
tng lnh c ly vo s c np ngay vo RLO (Kt qu ca php ton
logic) m khng cn thc hin php ton.
i tng ca cc lnh logic l: I, Q, F, T, C
1.1. Lnh A
Lp trnh dng STL (c th lp trnh dng LAD v kim tra li dng STL).
A I 32.0
A I 32.1
A I 32.2
= Q 32.0
BE
+ n Enter tr v mn hnh Output.
+ n Shift-F5 xem dng LAD v CSF, dng LAD nh hnh 5.6
+ n Shift-F7 ct chng trnh v chng trnh sang PLC, chn yes
xc nhn vic chng trnh ln chng trnh c trong PLC (khi ct th
PLC phi ch STOP).
+ Bt cng tc ca CPU v ch RUN, quan st kt qu lp trnh.
1.2. Lnh AN
Lp trnh dng STL.
A I 32.0
AN I 32.1
A I 32.2
= Q 32.0
BE
1. 3. Lnh O
Lp trnh dng STL.
O I 32.0
O I 32.1
O I 32.2
= Q 32.0
BE
1. 4. Lnh ON
Hnh 5.6: Lnh A
I 32.0 I 32.1 I 32.2
( )
Q32.0
:BE
Hnh 5.7: Lnh AN
I 32.0 I 32.1 I 32.2
( )
Q32.0
:BE
Hnh 5.8: Lnh O
I 32.0
I 32.1
I 32.2
( )
Q32.0
:BE


Lp trnh dng STL.
O I 32.0
ON I 32.1
O I 32.2
= Q 32.0
BE
1. 5. Lnh O gia hai lnh A
Lp trnh dng STL.
A I 32.0
A I 32.1
O
A I 32.2
A I 32.3
= Q 32.0
BE
1.6. Lnh "(" v lnh ")"
Lp trnh dng STL
O I 32.0
O
A I 32.1
A(
O I 32.2
O I 32.3
)
= Q 32.0
BE
2. Nhm lnh set v reset
Cc lnh set v reset lu gi kt qu ca php ton logic c hnh thnh
trong b x l.
i tng ca cc lnh ny l I, Q, F.
V d 1:
A I 32.0
S Q 32.0
A I 32.1
R Q 32.0
NOP 0
Khi u vo I32.0 c th u ra Q32.0 c v c gi li cho d I32.0 mt,
ch khi I32.1 c th li xo nh lm Q32.0 v khng.
Hnh 5.9: Lnh ON
I 32.0
I 32.1
I 32.2
( )
Q32.0
:BE
Hnh 5.10: Lnh O gia hai lnh A
I 32.0 I 32.1
I 32.2
( )
Q32.0
I 32.3
:BE
Hnh 5.11: Lnh "(" v lnh ")"
I 32.0
I 32.2 I 32.1
( )
Q32.0
I 32.3
:BE
Hnh 5.12: Lnh set /reset
I 32.0
I 32.1
( )
Q32.0
:BE
S

R


Lnh NOP 0 l lnh gi ch cho phng php LAD. V c u ra Q cha
dng, mun phng php LAD v c
hnh th phi a lnh NOP 0 vo.
V d 2:
A I 32.0
R F 17
A I 32.1
S F 17
A F 17
= Q 32.0
y l v d v lnh set tri, v khi I32.0 c trng thi 1 th n s xo trng
thi tn hiu trn c F17 v 0 cho n khi I32.1 c trng thi 1 th n s t
trng thi 1 cho c F17 sau khng ph thuc I32.0 na. Khi c nhn trng
thi 1 th s gn cho u ra Q32.0 trng thi 1. Khi c I32.0 v I32.1 cng c
trng thi 1 th c s c trng thi 1 v lnh set sau, gi l u tin set.
3. Nhm lnh np v truyn
Lnh np v truyn trao i thng tin gia cc vng i tng lnh khc
nhau.
Chun b gi tr thi gian v gi tr m cho cc lnh thi gian v lnh m.
Np hng s phc v vic x l chng trnh.
Lung thng tin c np v truyn thng qua hai thanh ghi tch lu ACCU1
v ACCU2. Thanh ghi tch lu l thanh ghi c bit trong PLC dng lu tr
tm thi cc thng tin. Mi thanh ghi c di 16 bit.
C th np hoc truyn cc i tng theo byte hoc t. trao i theo
byte, thng tin lu tr trong byte phi tc l byte thp ca thanh ghi, s bit cn
tha (ngoi 8 bit) c t khng. C th dng cc lnh khc nhau x l cc
thng tin trong hai thanh ghi.
Cc lnh thuc nhm ny l:
Lnh np L: Ni dung ca i tng (n v byte) c chp vo ACCU1
khng ph thuc vo RLO v RLO cng khng b nh hng. Ni dung trc
ca ACCU1 c chuyn dch sang ACCU2, ni dung c ca ACCU2 s b mt.
Hnh 5.13: Lnh set /reset
I 32.0
I 32.1
( )
F17
:BE
R

S Q
Q32.0
Byte d Byte c Byte b
Byte d Byte c Byte d Byte b Byte a 0 IB7
Byte d Byte d Byte d 0 IB7 0 IB8
ACCU2 ACCU1
Vng m PII Thng tin b mt
L IB7
L IB8
Hnh 5.14


V d: Np lin tip IB7 v IB8 t vng m PII vo thanh ghi tch lu ta c s
np nh hnh 5.14.
Lnh truyn T: Ni dung ca ACCU1 c gn cho i tng lnh khng ph
thuc RLO v RLO cng khng b nh hng. Khi truyn th thng tin t
ACCU1 c chp vo vng nh c a ch ho (v d vng m u ra
PIQ). Ni dung ca ACCU1 khng b mt. Gi tr trc ca vng m u ra
PIQ b mt. M t lnh nh hnh 5.15.
Lnh LD: s m v s thi gian c np vo ACCU1 dng m BCD, khng
ph thuc vo RLO v RLO cng khng b nh hng.
i tng ca cc lnh ny l:
+ Lnh L: IB, IW, QB, QW, FY, FW, DR, DL, DW, PB/PY, PW, T, C, KM,
KH, KF, KY, KB, KS, KT, KC.
+ Lnh T: IB, IW, QB, QW, FY, FW, DR, DL, DW, PB/PY, PW.
+ Lnh LD: T, C.
4. Nhm lnh thi gian
Chng trnh iu khin s dng cc lnh thi gian theo di, kim sot v
qun l cc hot ng c lin quan n thi gian.
4.1. Np gi tr thi gian
Khi mt b thi gian c khi pht th ni dung trong ACCU1 (dng t 16
bit) c dng lm gi tr tnh thi gian. Do , mun dng cc lnh thi gian
phi np gi tr thi gian cn t vo ACCU1 trc khi b thi gian hot ng.
C th np cc kiu d liu sau dng cho cc lnh thi gian:
+ KT: gi tr thi gian hng s
+ DW: t (word) d liu
+ IW: t (word) u vo
+ QW: t (word) u ra
+ FW: t (word) c
Tr loi KT cc loi cn li phi dng m BCD.
Np thi gian hng s: L KT 40.2
Trong lnh c: KT ch r l hng s
S 40: h s (c th gn t 0 n 999)
S 2: l m, c 4 m: 0 tng ng 0,01s
Byte d Byte c Byte b Byte a
Byte a Byte b Byte a Byte b Byte a
A
ACCU2 ACCU1 Vng m PIQ
Thng tin b mt
A
T QB5
Hnh 5.15


1 tng ng 0,1s
2 tng ng 1s
3 tng ng 10s
Vi s trn th thi gian c tnh l s 40 s 1 40 t = = .
Vi m cng nh th gi tr thi gian cng chnh xc, v vy nn dng m
nh.
Np thi gian di dng u vo, u ra, hoc t d liu: V d mun np
mt gi tr thi gian t mt t d liu DW2 vo ACCU1 ta vit lnh sau:
L DW2
Nh vy, trc khi thc hin lnh ny th gi tr thi gian c lu sn
trong t d liu DW2 di dng m BCD.
v d trong DW2
c cc s nh
hnh 5.16:
M thi gian
cng c s
dng nh trn.
s 638 s 1 638 t = =
Vy, trc khi dng lnh np trn ta phi dng chng trnh iu khin
vit gi tr thi gian vo t d liu DW2. V d vit gi tr thi gian 27s vo t
d liu DW2 trong khi DB3 ri sau np vo ACCU1 nh sau:
C DB3
L KT 270.1
T DW2
...
L DW2
4.2. c gi tr thi gian hin hnh
C th dng hai lnh L v LD a gi tr thi gian hin hnh ca b thi
gian T vo ACCU1 x l.
L T1 % c gi tr thi gian dng nh phn
LD T1 % c gi tr thi gian dng BCD
Ch : Lnh L v T i vi T v C th bao gi cng c gi tr nh phn cn i vi
cc i tng khc th cng c th c gi tr nh phn hoc dng BCD tu theo
trng hp c th.
4.3. Cc lnh
1. B thi gian xung SP
B thi gian c khi pht ln 1 ti si ln ca RLO khi RLO l 1 th b
thi gian vn duy tr trng thi 1 cho n khi t gi tr t mi xung. Nhng
khi RLO v khng th b thi gian v khng ngay.
1 0
Hnh 5.16
15 11 7 3 0
(2) (6) (3) (8)
0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
M H s


A I 32.0
L KT 500.0
SP T 1
NOP 0
NOP 0
NOP 0
A T 1
= Q 32.0
BE
Cn ba chn R, BI v DE cha s dng ta phi dng lnh NOP gi ch.
Chn R l chn xo gi tr thi gian hin hnh, chn BI l chn ly gi tr
thi gian hin thi dng nh phn, chn DE l chn ly gi tr thi gian hin
thi dng m BCD, c th dng lnh L hoc LD c cc gi tr thi gian.

2. B thi gian m rng SE
B thi gian xung m rng SE c khi pht ln 1 ti sn ln ca RLO sau
khng ph thuc RLO na cho n khi thi gian t mi v khng.
Lp trnh dng STL.
C DB 3
L KT 500.0
T IW 16
A I 33.0
L IW 16
SE T 2
NOP 0
NOP 0
NOP 0
A T2
= Q 33.0
BE
>5
<5
5
Thi gian (s)
5
Hnh 5.18: Gin thi gian lnh SE
I33.0
Q33.0
Hnh 5.17: Gin thi gian v dng LAD Lnh SP
I 32.0
Q ( )
Q32.0
:BE
DE
BI
R
TV
1
T 1
KT 500.0
>5
<5
5
Thi gian (s)
I32.0
Q32.0


3. B thi gian bt u tr SD
Thi gian bt u chm hn so vi sn ln ca RLO mt khong bng thi
gian t trong lnh. Khi RLO v khng th b thi gian cng b t ngay v
khng.
Lp trnh dng STL.
C DB 3
L KT 50.1
T FW 16
A I 33.0
L FW 16
SD T 3
NOP 0
NOP 0
NOP 0
A T 3
= Q 33.0
BE
4. B thi gian bt u tr lu tr SS
Thi gian bt u chm hn so vi sn ln ca RLO mt khong thi gian
bng thi gian t trong lnh v sau khng ph thuc RLO na. N ch v
khng khi c lnh xo R.
A I 33.0
L KT 500.0
SS T 4
A I 32.0
R T 4
NOP 0
NOP 0
A T 4
= Q 32.0
BE

5. B thi gian tt tr SF
B thi gian ln 1 ti sn ln ca RLO. Khi RLO v khng th b thi gian
tip tc duy tr trng thi mt khong thi gian na bng khong t trong
Hnh 5.19: Gin thi gian lnh SD
>5
<5
5
Thi gian (s)
I33.0
Q33.0
5
Hnh 5.20: Gin thi gian v dng LAD
lnh SS
Q32.0
( )
I 33.0
:BE
KT 500.0
Q R
TV
T ! - ! S
T 4
DE
BI
I 32.0
I33.0
Thi gian (s) 5
I32.0
Q32.0
5


lnh ri mi v khng. xo thi gian dng lnh R, khi c lnh R t 0 ln 1 th
b thi gian c t v khng v trng thi tn hiu vn gi 0 cho n khi b
thi gian c khi pht li.
A I 33.0
L KT 50.1
SF T 4
NOP 0
NOP 0
NOP 0
A T 4
= Q 33.0
BE
5. Nhm lnh m
5.1. Np gi tr m
Cng nh b thi gian khi mt b m c khi pht th ni dung trong
ACCU1 (dng t 16 bit) c dng lm gi tr m. Do , mun dng cc lnh
m phi np gi tr m vo ACCU1 trc khi b m hot ng.
C cc kiu d liu sau dng cho cc lnh m:
+ KC: gi tr hng s
+ DW: t (word) d liu
+ IW: t (word) u vo
+ QW: t (word) u ra
+ FW: t (word) c
Tr loi KC cc loi cn li phi dng m BCD.
Np gi tr m hng s: L KC 38
S m t 0 n 999
Hnh 5.21: Gin thi gian v dng LAD lnh SF
Q33.0
( )
I 33.0
:BE
KT 050.1
Q R
TV
0 ! - ! T
T 5
DE
BI
I33.0
Thi gian (s)
5
Q33.0
5


Np s m di dng u vo, u ra, hoc t d liu: V d mun np
mt gi tr m t mt t d liu DW2 vo ACCU1 ta vit lnh sau:
L DW2
Nh vy, trc khi thc hin lnh ny th gi tr m c lu sn trong t
d liu DW2 di dng m BCD.
v d trong DW2
c cc s nh
hnh 5.22:
Vi lnh trn
th s 638 c
np vo DW2.
i tng ca lnh: C hai lnh m ch c mt i tng l b m C vi
cc s hiu tu thuc loi PLC.
5.2. Chun b thc hin cc lnh m
+ t b m: Sau khi np gi tr m ta dng lnh S cho b m lm
vic.
+ Xo b m: Khi m ti mt gi tr no ta dng lnh R xo, tc
l ngng m v a gi tr m v khng, nu khng dng lnh ny khi m
gi tr t b m gi nguyn trng thi khng v khng.
+ Qut b m: Ta dng lnh logic boole qut b m (v d lnh A). Nu
b m cha v khng th kt qu qut c trng thi 1.
+ Xut ra trng thi b m hin hnh: C th dng lnh L v LD a
trng thi b m hin hnh vo ACCU1 x l sau ny, lnh L dng cho s
nh phn, lnh LD dng cho s BCD.
4.3. Cc lnh
1. Lnh m xung CD
S m gim i mt n v lc
xut hin mt sn ln ca RLO. Khi
RLO v khng s m khng b nh
hng.
A I 32.1
CD C 1
NOP 0
A I 32.2
L KC 7
S C 1
NOP 0
NOP 0
NOP 0
:BE
Hnh 5.23: Lnh m xung CD
I 32.1
I 32.2
( )
Q33.1
KC 007
Q
S
CU
CD
C 1
DE
BI
R
CV

Hnh 5.22
15 11 7 3 0
(6) (3) (8)
0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Khng dng S 638 dng BCD


A C 1
= Q 33.1
BE
Chn BI l chn ly gi tr m hin thi dng nh phn, chn DE l
chn ly gi tr m hin thi dng m BCD, c th dng lnh L hoc LD
c cc gi tr m.

2. Lnh m ln CU
S m tng mt n v lc xut hin sn ln ca RLO. Khi RLO v khng
s m khng b nh hng.
A I 32.1
CU C 1
NOP 0
NOP 0
NOP 0
A I 33.1
R C 1
NOP 0
NOP 0
A C 1
= Q 33.1
BE

Hnh 5.24: Lnh m ln CU
:BE
I 32.1
I 33.1
( )
Q33.2
Q
S
CD
CU
C 1
DE
BI
R
CV


Chng 6: B iu khin PLC - S7-200
6.1. Cu hnh cng
PLC Step 7 thuc h Simatic do hng Siemens sn xut. y l loi PLC
hn hp va n khi va a khi. Cu to c bn ca loi PLC ny l mt n
v c bn sau c th ghp thm cc module m rng v pha bn phi. C cc
module m rng tiu chun. Nhng module ngoi ny bao gm nhng n v
chc nng m c th t hp li cho ph hp vi nhng nhim v k thut c th.
1. n v c bn
1.1. Cu trc n v c bn: n v c bn ca PLC S7-200 (CPU 314) nh hnh 6.1
Trong :
1. Chn cm cng ra.
2. Chn cm cng vo.
3. Cc n trng thi:
SF (n ): Bo hiu h thng b hng.
RUN (n xanh): Ch nh rng PLC ang ch lm vic.
STOP (n vng): Ch nh rng PLC ang ch dng.
4. n xanh cng vo ch nh trng thi tc thi ca cng vo.
5. Cng truyn thng.
6. n xanh cng ra ch nh trng thi tc thi ca cng ra.
7. Cng tc.
Ch lm vic: Cng tc chn ch lm vic c ba v tr
Hnh 6.1: Hnh khi mt trc PLC S7-200

SIEMENS

SIMATIC
S7-200
I0.0
I0.1
I0.2
I0.3
I0.4
I0.5
I0.6
I0.7

SF
RUN
STOP

I1.0
I1.1
I1.2
I1.3
I1.4
I1.5

Q0.0
Q0.1
Q0.2
Q0.3
Q0.4
Q0.5
Q0.6
Q0.7
Q1.0
Q1.1
1
2 5
7
3 4 6


+ RUN: cho php PLC thc hin chng trnh trong b nh. PLC s t
chuyn v trng thi STOP khi my c s c, hoc trong chng trnh gp lnh
STOP, do khi chy nn quan st trng thi thc ca PLC theo n bo.
+ STOP: cng bc PLC dng cng vic ang thc hin, chuyn v trng
thi ngh. ch ny PLC cho php hiu chnh li chng trnh hoc np mt
chng trnh mi.
+ TERM: cho php PLC t quyt nh mt ch lm vic (hoc RUN hoc
STOP).
Chnh nh tng t: Nm iu chnh tng t t di np y cnh cng
ra, nm iu chnh tng t cho php iu chnh tn hiu tng t, gc quay
c 270
0.
.
Pin v ngun nui b nh: Ngun pin c t ng chuyn sang trng thi
tch cc khi dung lng nh b cn kit v n thay th d liu khng b mt.
Cng truyn thng: S7-200 s dng cng truyn thng ni tip RS 485 vi
phch cm 9 chn phc v cho vic ghp ni vi thit b lp trnh hoc vi cc
PLC khc. Tc truyn cho my lp trnh kiu PPI l 9600 boud. Cc chn ca
cng truyn thng l:
1. t
2. 24v DC
3. truyn v nhn d liu
4. khng dng
5. t
6. 5v DC (in tr trong 100)
7. 24v DC (120 mA)
8. truyn v nhn d liu
9. khng dng
1.2. Thng s
Vi CPU 214:
+ 14 cng vo v 10 cng ra logic. C th m rng thm 7 module bao gm
c module analog.
+ Tng s cng vo v ra cc i l: 64 vo, 64 ra.
+ 2048 t n (4Kbyte) thuc min nh c/ghi khng i lu chng
trnh (vng nh giao din vi EFROM).
+ 2048 t n (4Kbyte) thuc min nh c/ghi ghi d liu, trong c
512 t u thuc min khng i.
+ 128 b thi gian (Times) chia lm ba loi theo phn di khc nhau: 4 b
1ms, 16 b 10ms v 108 b 100ms.
+ 128 b m chia lm hai loi: ch m tin v va m tin va m li.
+ 688 bit nh c bit thng bo trng thi v t ch lm vic.
5 4 3
9
2 1
8 7
Hnh 6.2
6


+ Cc ch ngt v x l ngt gm: ngt truyn thng, ngt theo sn ln
hoc xung, ngt thi gian, ngt ca b m tc cao v ngt truyn
xung.
+ Ba b m tc cao vi nhp 2KHz v 7KHz.
+ 2 b pht xung nhanh cho dy xung kiu PTO hoc kiu PWM.
+ 2 b iu chnh tng t.
+ Ton b vng nh khng b mt d liu trong khong thi gian 190
h
khi
PLC b mt ngun cung cp.
Vi CPU 212
+ 8 cng vo v 6 cng ra logic. C th m rng thm 2 module bao gm c
module analog.
+ Tng s cng vo v ra cc i l: 64 vo, 64 ra.
+ 512 t n (1Kbyte) thuc min nh c/ghi khng i lu chng
trnh (vng nh giao din vi EFROM).
+ 512 t n lu d liu, trong c 100 t nh c/ghi thuc min khng
i.
+ 64 b thi gian tr (Times) trong : 2 b 1ms, 8 b 10ms v 54 b 100ms.
+ 64 b m chia lm hai loi: ch m tin v va m tin va m li.
+ 368 bit nh c bit thng bo trng thi v t ch lm vic.
+ Cc ch ngt v x l ngt gm: ngt truyn thng, ngt theo sn ln
hoc xung, ngt thi gian, ngt ca b m tc cao v ngt truyn
xung.
+ Ton b vng nh khng b mt d liu trong khong thi gian 50
h
khi
PLC b mt ngun cung cp.
2. Cc module vo ra m rng
Khi qu trnh t ng ho i hi s lng u v u ra nhiu hn s lng
sn c trn n v c bn hoc khi cn nhng chc nng c bit th c th m
rng n v c bn bng cch g thm cc module ngoi. Ti a c th g thm
7 module vo ra qua 7 v tr c sn trn Panen v pha phi. a ch ca cc v tr
ca module c xc nh bng kiu vo ra v v tr ca module trong rnh, bao
gm c cc module cng kiu. V d mt module cng ra khng th gn a ch
module cng vo, cng nh module tng t khng th gn a ch nh module
s v ngc li.
Cc module s hay ri rc u chim ch trong b m, tng ng vi s
u vo ra ca module.
Cch gn a ch c th hin trn hnh 6.3.


6.2. Cu trc b nh
B nh c chia thnh 4 vng chnh l:
1. Vng nh chng trnh
Vng nh chng trnh l min b nh c s dng lu gi cc lnh
chng trnh. Vng ny thuc kiu khng i (non-volatile) c / ghi c.
2. Vng tham s
Vng tham s lu gi cc tham s nh: t kho, a ch trm... vng ny
thuc vng khng i c / ghi c.
3. Vng d liu
Vng d liu ct cc d liu ca chng trnh gm kt qu ca cc php
tnh, cc hng s trong chng trnh.... vng d liu l min nh ng, c th
truy nhp theo tng bit, byte, t (word) hoc t kp.
Vng d liu c chia thnh cc vng nh nh vi cc cng dng khc
nhau l:
TT Tn tham s Din gii Tham s
CPU 212 CPU214
1 V L min c ghi
0.0 1023.7 0.0 4095.7
2 I m cng vo
0.0 7.7 0.0 7.7
3 Q m cng ra
0.0 7.7 0.0 7.7
4 M Vng nh ni
0.0 15.7 0.0 31.7
5 SM ch c Vng nh c bit
0.0 29.7 0.0 29.7
6 SM dc/ghi Vng nh c bit
30.0 45.7 30.0 85.7

I0.0 Q0.0
I0.1 Q0.1
I0.2 Q0.2
I0.3 Q0.3
I0.4 Q0.4
I0.5 Q0.5
I0.6 Q0.6
I0.7 Q0.7
I1.0 Q1.0
I1.1 Q1.1
I1.2
I1.3
I1.4
I1.5
CPU 214
I2.0
I2.1
I2.2
I2.3

Q2.0
Q2.1
Q2.2
Q2.3
I3.0
I3.1
I3.2
I3.3
I3.4
I3.5
I3.6
I3.7
AIW0
AIW2
AIW3
AIW4

AQW0
AQW2

Q3.0
Q3.1
Q3.2
Q3.3
Q3.4
Q3.5
Q3.6
Q3.7
AIW8
AIW10
AIW12

AQW4
Hnh 6.3: a ch cc module m rng
Module 0
(4 vo, 4 ra)
Module 1
(8 vo)
Module 2
analog
(3 vo, 1 ra)
Module 3
(8 ra)
Module 4
analog
(3 vo, 1 ra)


a ch truy nhp c qui c vi cng thc:
* Truy nhp theo bit:
Tn min + a ch byte.ch s bit.
V d: V150.4 l a ch bt s 4 ca byte 150 thuc min V.
* Truy nhp theo byte:
Tn min + B v a ch byte.
V d: VB150 l a ch byte 150 thuc min V.
* Truy nhp theo t (word):
Tn min + W v a ch byte cao ca t.
V d: VW150 l a ch t n gm hai byte 150 v 151 thuc min V, trong
byte 150 c vai tr byte cao ca t.
* Truy nhp theo t kp :
Tn min + D v a ch byte cao ca t.
V d: VD150 l a ch t kp gm bn byte 150, 151, 152 v 153 thuc min
V, trong byte 150 c vai tr byte cao, 153 c vai tr l byte thp ca t kp.
Tt c cc byte thuc vng d liu u c th truy nhp bng con tr. Con
tr c nh ngha trong min V hoc cc thanh ghi AC1, AC2, AC3. Mi con
tr ch a ch gm 4 byte (t kp). Qui c s dng con tr truy nhp nh
sau:
& + a ch byte cao
V d: + AC1 = &VB150 l thanh ghi AC1 cha a ch byte 150 thuc min V.
+ VD100 = &VW150 l t kp VD100 cha a ch byte cao ca t n
VW150 thuc min V.
+ AC2 = &VD150 l thanh ghi AC2 cha a ch byte cao 150 ca t kp
VD150 thuc min V.
Ton hng * (con tr): l ly ni dung ca byte, t hoc t kp m
con tr ang ch vo. Vi cc a ch xc nh trn ta c cc v d:
V d: + Ly ni dung ca byte VB150 l: *AC1.
+ Ly ni dung ca t n VW150 l: *VD100.
+ Ly ni dung ca t kp VD150 l: *AC2.
Php gn a ch v s dng con tr nh trn cng c tc dng vi nhng
thanh ghi 16 bit ca b thi gian, b m thuc i tng.
4. Vng i tng
Vng i tng lu gi d liu cho cc i tng lp trnh nh cc gi
tr tc thi, gi tr t trc ca b m, hay b thi gian. D liu kiu i tng


bao gm cc thanh ghi ca b thi gian, b m, cc b m cao tc, b m
tng t v cc thanh ghi AC.
Kiu d liu i tng b hn ch rt nhiu v cc d liu kiu i tng
ch c ghi theo mc ch cn s dng ca i tng .
TT Tn
tham s
Din gii Tham s
CPU 212 CPU 214
1 AC0 c qui 0 (Khng c kh nng lm con tr)
2 AC c qui
1 3 1 3
3 C B m
0 63
0 n 127
4 HSC B m tc cao 0 n 2
5 AW B m cng vo tng t
0 30
0 n 30
6 AQW B m cng ra tng t
0 30
0 n 30
7 T B thi gian
0 63
0 n 127

6.3. Chng trnh ca S7-200
1. Cu trc chng trnh S7-200
Cc chng trnh iu khin vi PLC S7-200 c vit c cu trc bao gm
chng trnh chnh (main program) sau n cc chng trnh con v cc
chng trnh s l ngt nh hnh 6.4.
- Chng trnh
chnh c kt thc bng
lnh kt thc chng
trnh MEND.
- Chng trnh con
l mt b phn ca
chng trnh, chng
trnh con c kt thc
bng lnh RET. Cc
chng trnh con phi
c vit sau lnh kt
thc chng trnh chnh
MEND.
- Cc chng trnh
x l ngt l mt b
phn ca chng trnh,
cc chng trnh x l
ngt c kt thc bng
lnh RETI. Nu cn s
dng chng trnh x l
ngt phi vit sau lnh
kt thc chng trnh
Main Program
M
MEND
SBR 0 Chng trnh con th nht
M
RET
SBR n Chng trnh con th n +1
M
RET
INT 0 Chng trnh x l ngt th nht
M
RETI
INT n Chng trnh x l ngt th n +1
M
RETI
Hnh 6.4: Cu trc chng trnh ca S7-200


chnh MEND.
Cc chng trnh con c nhm li thnh mt nhm ngay sau chng trnh
chnh. Sau n ngay cc chng trnh x l ngt. C th t do trn ln cc
chng trnh con v chng trnh x l ngt ng sau chng trnh chnh.
2. Bng lnh ca S7-200
Xem phn ph lc.
6.4. Lp trnh mt s lnh c bn ca S7-200
1. Lnh LD v lnh A
Lp trnh dng STL.
LD I 0.0
A I 0.1
A I 0.2
= Q 1.0
2. Lnh AN
Lp trnh dng STL.
LD I 0.0
AN I 0.1
A I 0.2
= Q 1.0
3. Lnh O
Lp trnh dng STL.
LD I 0.0
O I 0.1
O I 0.2
= Q 1.0
4. Lnh ON:
Lp trnh dng STL.
LD I 0.0
ON I 0.1
O I 0.2
= Q 1.0
5. Lnh OLD
Lp trnh dng STL (c th lp trnh dng
LAD v kim tra li dng STL).
I 0.0 I 0.1 I 0.2
( )
Q1.0
Hnh 6.5: Lnh LD v A
Hnh 6.6: Lnh AN
I 0.0 I 0.1 I 0.2
( )
Q1.0
Hnh 6.7: Lnh O
I 0.0
I 0.1
I 0.2
( )
Q1.0
Hnh 6.8: Lnh ON
I 0.0
I 0.1
I 0.2
( )
Q1.0


LD I 0.0
A I 0.1
LD I 0.2
OLD
= Q 1.0
6. Lnh ALD
Lp trnh dng STL.
LD I 0.0
LD I 0.1
O I 0.2
ALD
= Q 1.0
7. Lnh LPS, LRD, LPP
Lp trnh dng STL
LD I 0.0
LPS
LD I 0.1
O I 0.2
ALD
= Q 0.0
LRD
LD I 0.3
0 I 0.4
ALD
= Q 0.1
LPP
A I 0.5
= Q 0.2
8. Lnh TON
NETWORK 1
LD I0.0
AN I0.1
Hnh 6.10: ALD
I 0.0
I 0.2
I 0.1
( )
Q1.0
Hnh 6.9: Lnh OLD
I 0.0 I 0.1
I 0.2
( )
Q1.0
Hnh 6.11: Lnh LPS, LRD, LPP
I 0.0
I 0.2
I 0.1
I 0.4
I 0.3
I 0.5
( )
Q0.2
( )
Q0.1
( )
Q0.0


TON T32, VW0
NETWORK 2
LD T32
= Q0
9. Lnh TONR
NETWORK 1
LD I0.0
AN I0.1
TONR T32, VW0

NETWORK 2
LD T32
= Q0.0
10. Lnh CTU
NETWORK 1
LD I0.0
LD I0.2
CTU C0, +12

NETWORK 2
LD C0
= Q0.0
11. Lnh CTUR
NETWORK 1
LD I0.0
LD I0.2
LD I0.1
CTUD C48, VW0

NETWORK 2
LD C0
= Q0.0



Chng 7: B iu khin PLC - S7-300
7.1. Cu hnh cng
1. Cu to ca h PLC- S7-300
PLC Step S7-300 thuc h Simatic do hng Siemens sn xut. y l loi
PLC a khi. Cu to c bn ca loi PLC ny l mt n v c bn (ch x
l) sau ghp thm cc module m rng v pha bn phi, c cc module m
rng tiu chun. Nhng module ngoi ny bao gm nhng n v chc nng m
c th t hp li cho ph hp vi nhng nhim v k thut c th.
1.1. n v c bn
n v c bn ca PLC S7-300 nh hnh 7.1
Trong :
1. Cc n bo:
+ n SF: bo li CPU.
+ n BAF: Bo ngun c qui.
+ n DC 5v: Bo ngun 5v.
+ n RUN: Bo ch PLC
ang lm vic.
+ n STOP: Bo PLC ang
ch dng.
2. Cng tc chuyn i ch :
+ RUN-P: Ch va chy
va sa chng trnh.
+ RUN: a PLC vo ch
lm vic.
+ STOP: PLC ch
ngh.
+ MRES: V tr ch nh ch
xo chng trnh trong CPU.
Mun xo chng trnh th gi nt bm v v tr MRES n STOP nhp
nhy, khi thi khng nhp nhy th nh tay. Lm li nhanh mt ln na (khng
n STOP) nu n vng nhy nhiu ln l xong, nu khng th phi lm
li.
1.2. Cc kiu module
Tu theo qu trnh t ng ho i hi s lng u vo v u ra ta phi lp
thm bao nhiu module m rng cng nh loi module cho ph hp. Ti a c
th g thm 32 module vo ra trn 4 panen (rnh), trn mi panen ngoi module
Hnh 7.1: Hnh khi mt trc CPU-314

M
C

9
5
1

/

1
6

K
B

6
E
7

9
5
1
-
0
F
D
0
0
-
0
A
A
0

SF
BAF
DC 5v
FRCE
RUN
STOP
siemens
CPU 314
RUN-P
RUN

STOP
MRES
Simatic
S7 - 300
314-1AE00-OABO


ngun, CPU v module ghp ni cn g c 8 cc module v bn phi. Thng
Step 7-300 s dng cc module sau:
+ Module ngun PS
+ Module ghp ni IM (Intefare Module):
+ Module tn hiu SM (Signal Module):
- Vo s: 8 knh, 16 knh, 32 knh.
- Ra s: 8 knh, 16 knh, 32 knh.
- Vo, ra s: 8 knh vo 8 knh ra, 16 knh vo 16 knh ra.
- Vo tng t: 2 knh, 4 knh, 8 knh.
- Ra tng t: 2 knh, 4 knh, 8 knh.
- Vo, ra tng t: 2 knh vo 2 knh ra, 4 knh vo 4 knh ra.
+ Module hm (Function Module).
- m tc cao.
- Truyn thng CP 340, CP340-1, CP341.
+ Module iu khin (Control Module):
- Module iu khin PID.
- Module iu khin Fuzzy.
- Module iu khin r bot.
- Module iu khin ng c bc.
- Module iu khin ng c Servo.
2. a ch v gn a ch
Trong PLC cc b phn cn gi thng tin n hoc ly thng tin i u phi
c a ch lin lc. a ch l con s hoc t hp cc con s i theo sau ch
ci. Ch ci ch loi a ch, con s hoc t hp con s ch s hiu a ch.
Trong PLC c nhng b phn c gn a ch n nh b thi gian (T), b
m (C).... ch cn mt trong 3 ch ci km theo mt s l , v d: T1,
C32...
Cc a ch u vo v u ra cng vi cc module chc nng c cch gn
a ch ging nhau. a ch ph thuc vo v tr g ca module trn Panen. Ch
g module trn panen gi l khe (Slot), cc khe u c nh s, khe s 1 l khe
u tin ca v c th tip tc.
, a ch vo ra trn module s:
Khi g module s vo, ra ln mt khe no lp tc n c mng a ch byte
ca khe , mi khe c 4 byte a ch.



Trn mi module th mi u vo, ra l mt knh, cc knh u c a ch
bit l 0 n 7. a ch ca mi u vo, ra l s ghp ca a ch byte v a ch
knh, a ch byte ng trc, a ch knh ng sau, gia hai s c du chm.
Khi cc module g trn khe th a ch c tnh t byte u ca khe, cc u
vo v ra ca mt khe c cng a ch. a ch byte v a ch knh nh hnh 7.2.
V d: Module 2 u vo, 2 u ra s g vo khe s 5 rnh 0 c a ch l I4.0,
I4.1 v Q4.0, Q4.1.
Module s c th c g trn bt k khe no trn panen ca PLC.
Hnh 7.2: a ch khe v knh trn module s
n
v c
bn
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0
0.1 1.1 2.1 3.1
: : : :
0.7 1.7 2.7 3.7
Khe s: 1 2 3 4 5 ... 11
PS IM 28.0 29.0 30.0 31.0
28.1 29.1 30.1 31.1
: : : :
28.7 28.7 30.7 31.7
Byte s: 03 47 ... 2831
Rnh 0
IM
Byte s: 3235 ... 6063
Rnh 1
IM
Byte s: 64 67 ... 9295
Rnh 2
IM
Byte s: 9699 ... 124127
Rnh 3
Hnh 7.3: a ch ca module tng t
n
v c
bn
256-257
258-259
...
270-271
Khe s: 1 2 3 4 5 ... 11
PS IM 368-369
370-371
...
382-383
Rnh 0
283-284
...
IM ...
510-511
Rnh 1
384-385
...
IM ...
638-639
Rnh 2
640-641
...
IM ...
766-767
Rnh 3


, a ch vo ra trn module tng t
din t mt gi tr tng t ta phi cn nhiu bit. Trong PLC S7-300
ngi ta dng 16 bit (mt word) cho mt knh. Mt khe c 8 knh vi a ch
u tin l PIW256 hoc PQW256 (byte 256 v 257) cho n PIW766 hoc
PQW766 nh hnh 7.3.
Module tng t c th c g vo bt k khe no trn panen ca PLC.
V d: Mt module tng t 2 vo, 1 ra g vo khe s 6 rnh 0 c a ch l
PIW288, PIW290, PQW288.
Ch : Cc khe trng bao gi cng c trng thi tn hiu 0.
7.2. Vng i tng
1. Cc vng nh Bng 7.1
TT Tn tham s Din gii Vng tham s
1 I u vo bit 0.0 n 65535.7
2 IB u vo byte 0 n 65535
3 IW u vo t 0 n 65534
4 ID u vo t kp 0 n 65532
5 Q u ra bit 0.0 n 65535.7
6 QB u ra byte 0 n 65535
7 QW u ra t 0 n 65534
8 QD u ra t kp 0 n 65532
9 M Nh ni dng bit 0.0 n 255.7
10 MB Nh ni dng byte 0 n 255
11 MW Nh ni dng t 0 n 254
12 MD Nh ni dng t kp 0 n 252
13 PIB Vng m u vo dng byte 0 n 65535
14 PIW Vng m u vo dng t 0 n 65534
15 PID Vng m u vo dng t kp. 0 n 65532
16 PQB Vng m u ra dng byte 0 n 65535
17 PQW Vng m u ra dng t 0 n 65534
18 PQD Vng m u ra dng t kp 0 n 65532
19 T B thi gian 0 n 255
20 C B m 0 n 255
21 DBX Khi d liu kiu BD dng bit 0.0 n 65535.7
22 DBB Khi d liu kiu BD dng byte 0 n 65535
23 DBW Khi d liu kiu BD dng t 0 n 65534
24 DBD Khi d liu kiu BD dng t kp 0 n 65532
25 DIX Khi d liu kiu BI dng bit 0.0 n 65535.7
26 DIB Khi d liu kiu BI dng byte 0 n 65535
27 DIW Khi d liu kiu BI dng t 0 n 65534
28 DID Khi d liu kiu BI dng t kp 0 n 65532
29 L Vng d liu tm thi dng bit 0.0 n 65535.7


30 LB Vng d liu tm thi dng byte 0 n 65535
31 LW Vng d liu tm thi dng t 0 n 65534
32 LD Vng d liu tm thi dng t kp 0 n 65532

2. Nhp cc hng s
Cc hng s c vit gm phn u v tham s i lin nhau v d B#16#1A
l s: (vit dng byte, c s 16, gi tr l 1A tng ng c s thp phn l 26).
Cc hng s v thi gian c vit theo cc k hiu: D (Date) ngy_ H
(Hours) gi_ M (minuter) pht_ S (seconds) giy_ MS (milliseconds) mili giy
v d 2D_23H_10M_50S_13MS l: (2 ngy, 23 gi, 10 pht, 50 giy, 13 mili
giy).
Cc kiu vit hng s c th hin trn bng 7.2: Bng 7.2
Loi Bit C s Phn u Phm vi tham s
Byte 8 16 B#16#... 0 n FF
T 16 2
16
BCD
10 khng du
2#...
W#16#...
C#
B#...
0 n 1111_1111_1111_1111
0 n FFFF
0 n 999
(0,0) n (255,255)
T kp 32 2

16
10 khng du
2#...

DW#16#...
B#...
0 n 1111_1111_1111_1111_
1111_1111_1111_1111
0000_0000 n FFFF_FFFF
(0,0,0,0) n (255,255,255,255)
S thc 16 c du (khng c) -32768 n 32767
S thc 32 c du L#... -2147483648 n +2147483647
S thc 32 du phy
ng
(khng c)
ln hn 3,402823 e+38
nh hn 1.175495e-38
Thi
gian
16

32
gi_pht_
giy_miligiy
ngy_gi_
pht_giy_
miligiy
S5T#.....

T#...
0H_0M_0S_10MS n
2H_46M_30S_0MS
-24D_20H_31M_23S_648MS
n
24D_20H_31M_23S_647MS
Ngy nm-thng-
ngy
D#... 1990-1-1 n 2168-12-31
Thi
gian ca
ngy
32 gi:pht:
giy.ngy
TOD#... 0:0:0.0 n 23:59:59.999
K t 8 .... vit cc k t nh HA



7.3. Ngn ng lp trnh
1. Cu trc chng trnh S7-300
Cc chng trnh iu khin vi PLC S7-300 c th c vit dng n
khi hoc a khi.
Chng trnh n khi
Chng trnh a khi (c cu trc)
Cc khi c xp thnh lp. Mi khi c:
+ u khi gm tn khi, s hiu khi v xc nh chiu di khi.
+ Thn khi: Th hin ni dung khi v c chia thnh on (Segment)
thc hin tng cng on ca t ng ho sn xut. Mi on li bao gm mt
s dng lnh phc v vic gii bi ton logic. Kt qu ca php ton logic c
gi vo RLO (Result of logic operation). Vic phn chia chng trnh thnh cc
on cng nh hng n RLO. Khi bt u mt on mi th to ra mt gi tr
RLO mi, khc vi gi tr RLO ca on trc.
+ Kt thc khi: Phn kt thc khi l lnh kt thc khi BEU.
Cc loi khi:
* Khi t chc OB (Organisation Block)
Khi t chc qun l chng trnh iu khin v t chc vic thc hin
chng trnh.
* Hm s FC (Functions)
Khi hm s FC l mt chng trnh do ngi s dng to ra hoc c th s
dng cc hm chun sn c ca SIEMENS.
* Khi hm FB (Function Block)
Khi hm l loi khi c bit dng lp trnh cc phn chng trnh iu
khin ti din thng xuyn hoc c bit phc tp. C th gn tham s cho cc
khi v chng c mt nhm lnh m rng. Ngi s dng c th to ra cc
khi hm mi cho mnh, c th s dng cc khi hm sn c ca SIEMENS.
* Khi d liu: c hai loi l


+ Khi d liu dng chung DB (Shared Data Block)
Khi d liu dng chung lu tr cc d liu chung cn thit cho vic x l
chng trnh iu khin.
+ Khi d liu ring DI (Instance Data Block)
Khi d liu dng ring lu tr cc d liu ring cho mt chng trnh no
cho vic x l chng trnh iu khin.
Ngoi ra trong PLC S7-300 cn hm h thng SFC (System Function) v
khi hm h thng SFB (System Function Block).
2. Bng lnh ca S7-300
Xem phn ph lc
7.4. Lp trnh mt s lnh c bn
1. Nhm lnh Logic
1.1. Lnh LD v lnh A
Lp trnh dng STL.
A I 0.0
A I 0.1
A I 0.2
= Q 1.0
1.2. Lnh AN
Lp trnh dng STL.
A I 0.0
AN I 0.1
A I 0.2
= Q 1.0
1.3. Lnh O
Lp trnh dng STL.
O I 0.0
O I 0.1
O I 0.2
= Q 1.0
1.4. Lnh ON
Lp trnh dng STL.
O I 0.0
ON I 0.1
O I 0.2
= Q 1.0
I 0.0 I 0.1 I 0.2
( )
Q1.0
Hnh 7.4: Lnh LD v A
Hnh 7.5: Lnh AN
I 0.0 I 0.1 I 0.2
( )
Q1.0
Hnh 7.6: Lnh O
I 0.0
I 0.1
I 0.2
( )
Q1.0
Hnh 7.7: Lnh ON
I 0.0
I 0.1
I 0.2
( )
Q1.0


1.5. Lnh A v lnh O
A I 0.0
A I 0.1
O I 0.2
= Q 1.0
1.6. Lnh ( v lnh )
Lp trnh dng STL.
A I 0.0
A(
O I 0.1
O I 0.2
)
= Q 1.0
1.7. Lp trnh vi vng d liu tm thi L
A I 0.0
= L 20.0
A L 20.0
A(
O I 0.1
O I 0.2
)
= Q 0.0
A L 20.0
A(
O I 0.3
0 I 0.4
)
= Q 0.1
A L 20.0
A I 0.5
= Q 0.2
1.8. Lp trnh vi bt nh ni M
Nework 1: A I 0.0
= M 10.0
Hnh 7.9: Lnh ( v lnh )
I 0.0
I 0.2
I 0.1
( )
Q1.0
Hnh 7.8: Lnh OLD
I 0.0 I 0.1
I 0.2
( )
Q1.0
Hnh 7.10: Lp trnh vi vng d liu
tm thi
I 0.0
I 0.2
I 0.1
I 0.4
I 0.3
I 0.5
( )
Q0.2
( )
Q0.1
( )
Q0.0


Nework 2 A I 0.1
= M 10.1
A M 10.1
= Q 0.0
Nework 3 A(
O I 1.0
O Q 1.0
)
A M 10.0
A M 10.1
AN I 1.0
= Q 1.0
2. Nhm lnh thi gian
Chng trnh iu khin s dng cc lnh thi gian theo di, kim sot v
qun l cc hot ng c lin quan n thi gian.
Khi mt b thi gian c khi pht th gi tr thi gian c np vo thanh
ghi CV (Current value). Do , mun dng cc lnh thi gian phi np gi tr
thi gian cn t vo thanh ghi CV trc khi b thi gian hot ng.
C th np cc kiu d liu sau dng cho cc lnh thi gian:
+ D liu thi gian thc: S5T#H_M_S_MS
+ Dng s nguyn 16 bt: W#16#.... ( dng m BCD)
Np thi gian thc: L S5T#10s
Vi lnh trn gi tr thi gian c np l 10s
Np thigian dng m BCD:
V d: L W#16#2127
Th s trn s c np vo thanh ghi CV dng m BCD nh hnh 7.12.
Trong thanh ghi CV th:
Ba s cui ch h s: S 127 (c th gn t 0 n 999)
S u ch m s: S 2, c 4 m: 0 tng ng 0,01s
1 tng ng 0,1s
2 tng ng 1s
3 tng ng 10s
Vi s vo thanh ghi CV nh trn th thi gian c tnh l
s s t 127 1 127 = = .
Vi m cng nh th gi tr thi gian cng chnh xc, v vy nn dng m
nh.
I 0.1 M10.1
Q1.0
I 0.3
M10.0
( )
Q1.0
( )
Q0.0
I 0.0
( )
M10.0
(# )
M10.1 I 1.0
Hnh 7.11: Lp trnh vi bt nh ni M


Trong cc
b thi gian ca
S7-300 ngoi tn
hiu kch thch
chnh (bt u)
nh cc b thi
gian ca cc PLC khc, cn c tn hiu kch thch cng bc. Tn hiu kch thch
cng bc cho php tnh li thi gian t u khi c sn ln ca tn hiu ny, tuy
nhin tn hiu kch thch cng bc ch c gi tr khi tn hiu kch thch chnh c
gi tr 1. Lnh thc hin kch thch cng bc (c iu kin) l: FR, lnh FR ch
c dng lp trnh STL. B thi gian cng c th dng lnh R xo.
2.1.B thi gian xung SP
B thi gian c khi pht
ln 1 ti si ln ca RLO khi
RLO l 1 th b thi gian vn
duy tr trng thi 1 cho n khi
t gi tr t mi xung. Nhng
khi RLO v khng th b thi
gian v khng ngay.
C hai kiu lp trnh:
Kiu th nht c lnh NOP:
A I 0.1
L S5T#10S
SP T 1
A I 0.2
R T 1
NOP 0
NOP 0
A T 1
= Q 1.0
Dng LAD hnh 7.13.
Cn hai chn BI v BCD cha s dng ta phi dng lnh NOP gi ch.
Chn BI l chn ly gi tr
thi gian hin thi dng nh
phn, chn BCD l chn ly
gi tr thi gian hin thi dng
m BCD, c th dng lnh L
hoc LC c cc gi tr thi
gian.

Kiu th hai (khng dng lnh NOP)
Nework 1:
A I 0.0
1 0
Hnh 7.12
15 11 7 3 0
(2) (1) (2) (7)
0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0
M H s
Hnh 7.13: Dng LAD v gin thi gian lnh SP
kiu 1
>10
<10
10
Thi gian (s)
I0.1
Q1.0
I0.2
Hnh 7.14: Dng LAD lnh SP kiu 2


L S5T#10S
SP T 1
Nework 2:
A T 1
= Q 0.1
Nework 3:
A I 0.2
R T 1
Dng LAD hnh 7.14.

2.2. B thi gian m rng SE
B thi gian xung m rng
SE c khi pht ln 1 ti sn
ln ca RLO sau khng ph
thuc RLO na cho n khi
thi gian t mi v khng.
Cng tng t nh b thi gian
SP, cc b thi gian khc cng
lun c hai kiu lp trnh.
A I 0.0
L S5T#10S
SE T 1
NOP 0
L T 1
T MW 2
LC T 1
T MW 5
A T 1
= Q 0.1
Lnh L T1 l qut gi tr thi gian hin thi (dng nh phn) vo ACCU1,
sau s dng lnh T MW 2 l truyn gi tr thi gian hin thi chuyn vo
ACCU1 ra MW 2.

2.3.B thi gian bt u tr SD
Thi gian bt u chm hn so vi sn ln ca RLO mt khong bng thi
gian t trong lnh. Khi RLO v khng th b thi gian cng b t ngay v
khng.
A I 0.1
L S5T#10S
SD T 1
A I 0.2
R T 1
>10
<10
10
Thi gian (s)
10
Hnh 7.15: Lnh SE
I0.1
Q1.0


NOP 0
NOP 0
A T 1
= Q 1.0

2.4.B thi gian bt u tr lu tr SS
Thi gian bt u chm hn so vi sn ln ca RLO mt khong thi gian
bng thi gian t trong lnh v sau khng ph thuc RLO na. N ch v
khng khi c lnh xo R.
A I 0.1
L S5T#10S
SS T 1
A I 0.2
R T 1
NOP 0
NOP 0
A T 1
= Q 1.0

2.5.B thi gian tt tr SF
B thi gian ln 1 ti sn ln ca RLO. Khi RLO v khng th b thi gian
tip tc duy tr trng thi mt khong thi gian na bng khong t trong
lnh ri mi v khng. xo thi gian dng lnh R, khi c lnh R t 0 ln 1 th
b thi gian c t v khng v trng thi tn hiu vn gi 0 cho n khi b
thi gian c khi pht li.
Hnh 7.17: Lnh SS
I0.1
Thi gian (s) 10
I0.2
Q1.0
10
Hnh 7.16: Lnh SD
>10
<10
10
Thi gian (s)
I0.1
Q1.0
10
Hnh 7.18: Lnh SF
I0.1
Thi gian (s)
10
Q1.0
10


A I 0.1
L S5T#10S
SF T 1
A I 0.2
R T 1
NOP 0
NOP 0
A T 1
= Q 1.0

3. Nhm lnh m
Gi tr trong thanh ghi CV (current value) l gi tr m tc thi ca b m,
CV lun khng m, do lnh m li s khng m khi CV = 0.
Gi tr m PV c th c t trc bng lnh L, v d L C#4 (t gi tr
m bng 4). Tuy nhin, khc vi b thi gian, gi tr m ch c np vo CV
khi c lnh t b m (S). Nu khng t gi tr m th b m c th vn tin
hnh m (ch khi CV = 0 th khng m li).
Gi tr u ra ca b m s l 1 nu CV 0, bng 0 nu CV = 0.
B m c th c xo ch
ng bng tn hiu xo (R).
Cng tng t nh b thi
gian, b m cng c th dng
lnh kch m (m cng bc)
FR (lnh c iu kin), b m
cng m xung khi iu kin ca
FR m bo. Lnh FR ch c
dng lp trnh STL.
C th dng lnh L hoc LD
c gi tr tc thi ca b m
vo ACCU1 s l. Lnh L c
s dng c s 2, lnh LD c s
dng BCD.
3.1. Lnh m ln CU
A I 0.0
CD C 2
BLD 101
NOP 0
NOP 0
NOP 0
Hnh 7.19: Lnh m ln CU
I0.0
Q1.0
0
1
2
3
CV
0
0


NOP 0
NOP 0
A C 2
= Q 1.0
Lnh BLD hin th dng LAD. Vi cc lnh trn khi u vo I0.0 c
sn ln th gi tr b m CV
tng thm 1 n v, tc l khi
c ch mt ln sn ln ca I0.0
th u ra Q1.0 lun l 1 (khng
xo).
Chn CV l chn ly gi
tr m dng nh phn, chn
CV_BCD l chn ly gi tr
thi gian dng m BCD, c th
dng lnh L hoc LC c cc
gi tr m.

3.2. Lnh m xung CD
A I 0.0
CD C 2
BLD 101
A I 0.1
L C#4
S C 2
NOP 0
NOP 0
NOP 0
A C 2
= Q 1.0
Trong cc lnh trn c: Lnh L C#4 l np s m bng 4. Nh trn hnh
7.20 khi I0.0 c trc, b m vn khng lm vic v khi CV = 0, cho n khi
c lnh t b m, I0.1 c th b m bt u c np gi tr m, CV = 4. T
khi ny mi ln I0.0 c th gi tr m gim mt n v, sau 4 xung vo gi tr
m CV = 0. Khi CV 0 u ra Q1.0 c, khi CV = 0 u ra Q1.0 mt.

3.3. Lnh m va tin va li
A I 0.0
CU C 1
A I 0.1
CD C 1
Hnh 7.21: Xung m lnh m xung CD
I0.0
Q1.0
0
1
3
4
CV
0
0
I0.1
0
2
0
0


A I 0.2
L C#3
S C 1
A I 0.3
R C 1
L C 1
T MW 0
LC C 1
T MW 1
A C 1
= Q 1.0
T gin ta thy: khi u
vo m tin c lp tc b m
lm vic, gi tr m tng 1 n
v, CV 0, u ra Q1.0 c. Tip
u vo m li c, do b
m li gim 1 n v (CV = 0)
u ra Q1.0 li mt.
Tuy nhin, nu u vo
m li c trc th b m
khng m v khi 0 = CV .
Tip u vo t b m SET
c lm gi tr m c np vo
CV ( 3 = CV ), t nu c u
m tin th gi tr m tng 1
n v, c u m li gi tr m gim 1 n v, u ra Q1.0 c. Khi c u
RESET gi tr m lp tc v 0, u ra Q1.0 v 0.

Hnh 7.22: Va m tin va m li
I0.0
Q1.0
0
0
3
CV
0
0
I0.2
0
2
1
0
I0.1
0
1
3
4
I0.3


Ph lc 1
Cc phn mm lp trnh PLC
I. Lp trnh cho OMRON
1. Phn mm SYSWIN (cho OMRON)
1.1. Khi ng
1. Khi ng my tnh ch Windows, bt cng tc ngun ca khi PLC.
2. Khi ng phn mm SYSWIN t biu tng hoc t file chng trnh
nh hnh P.1. Ca s mn hnh ban u c dng nh hnh P.2. Trong ca s c 2
thanh cng c h tr cho qu trnh son tho chnh l:
Thanh trn: ngoi mt s chc nng nh son tho vn bn bnh thng cn
mt s chc nng son tho lnh nh ch ra trn hnh P.3.
Thanh dc: Ln lt
t trn l: Con tr (
chn), tip im
thng h, thng kn,
thanh ni ngang, thanh
ni dc, cun dy
thng m, cun dy
thng ng, khi hm
(FUN), b thi gian
(TIM), b m (CNT),
3. Kim tra mt s
iu kin trc khi lp
Hnh P.1: Khi ng phn mm SYSWIN PLC Mode Kt ni Chn network Xo network
LAD hoc STL
V tr s t lnh
Hnh P.3: Mt s chc nng chnh
Hnh P.2: Mn hnh ban u
Phn ghi
ch thch


trnh:
+ Kim tra xem my tnh c kt ni vi PLC cha. Khi my tnh
c kt ni vi PLC th biu tng kt ni sng, nu cha c kt ni th nhy
vo biu tng kt ni h thng s t kt ni vi PLC.
+ Nu s kt ni khng thc hin c c th phi khai bo li cng nh
ch ra trn hnh P.4. (ng dn Project \ Communications).
1.2. Son tho: Theo LAD
1. M mt file chng trnh mi hoc mt file chng trnh c (ch mc
nh c mt file mi c m ra).
2. Nhy chut tri vo khi mun chn (tip im, cun dy, khi hm....)
3. a con ch n v tr t lnh (v tr t en), nhy chut tri v vo a ch
lnh (u vo c cc a ch: 0, n 11; u ra c cc a ch: 1000, n
1007).
4. Khi cn ghi ch thch di mi lnh th chn lnh cn ghi ch thch, vo
hp SYM: ( pha di mn hnh nh ch ra trn hnh P.2) ghi nhng iu
cn ch thch, cu ch thch phi lin nhau (khng dng du cch) sau
chn Store.
5. Kt thc mt Network chn thm Network mt t biu tng nh ch ra
trn hnh P.3.
6. Nu son sai Network no th nh du v xo Network t biu tng
hnh P.3.
7. Tin hnh son tho
ht cc Network.
8. Kt thc chng
trnh phi c lnh
kt thc. Mun vo
lnh kt thc th
chn Netwoks v v
tr lnh kt thc,
chn FUN, nhy
vo v tr t lnh,
sau vo tn lnh
END(01) nh ch ra
trn hnh P.3, hoc
chn cc khi
mc Select sau
chn OK.
9. chng trnh
sang PLC chn
Online \ Download
Hnh P.4: Khai bo cng ghp ni
Hnh P.5: chng trnh sang PLC


PRO07

Progrgamming Cosnole

OMRON

Run
Monitor
Program
FUN SFT NOT SHIFT
AND OR CNT TR *EM AR
LD OUT TIM EM CH CONT
7 8 9 EXT CHG SRCH
4 5 6 SET DEL MONT
1 2 3 RESET INS
0 CLR VER WRITE
Hnh P.6: Ghp ni PLC vi thit b lp trnh cm tay
1
2
3
4
5
program to PLC nh trn hnh P.5.
Ch : Khi chng trnh sang PLC th PLC phi ang trng thi
MONITOR hoc trng thi PROGRAM (STOP/PRG). Mun chuyn i
cc trng thi trn th chn Shift + F10 hoc biu tng "PLC Mode" nh
hnh P.3.
10. chy chng trnh chn trng thi MONITOR hoc RUN t biu tng
"PLC Mode".

2. S dng thit b lp trnh cm tay (cho OMRON)
2.1. Cu to thit b lp trnh cm tay
Thit b lp trnh cm tay c cc khi chnh nh hnh P.6.


1. Mn hnh
2. Cng tc chn ch : c 3 ch
* PROGRAM: ch ny lp trnh hoc thc hin cc thay i
chng trnh.
* MONITOR: Ch ny thay i cc gi tr ca b m v thi
gian trong khi PLC vn ang vn hnh.
* RUN: Ch ny chy chng trnh np trong PLC (khi PLC
ang ch ny th khng chng trnh mi sang PLC c).
3. Cc phm lnh
4. Cc phm s.
5. Cc phm hm.
2.2. Cc phm lnh

2.3. Th tc vo lnh:
1. Khi ng b lp trnh cm tay, cng tc chn ch ch
PROGRAM hoc ch MONITOR, vo PASSWORD (t kho) theo th t
sau:

Cc lnh ng dng c bit

Lnh iu khin thi gian

Lnh nhp cc tip im
vo chng trnh. (lnh bt
u mt Network).

Lnh iu khin b m

Lnh OR (ni song song)

Dng km vi cc lnh
LD, AND, OR, OUT
thc hin php nghch o

Lnh AND (ni ni tip)

Thit lp cc r le tm thi

Lnh ra

Thit lp cc r le duy tr

Ch th vn hnh ca b ghi
dch
Dng thay i cc chc
nng ca cc phm nhiu
chc nng

Cc phm s 0 n 9
nhp s thp phn, hexa.
Lnh xo trc khi lp
trnh
LD
AND
OR
OUT
FUN TIM
CNT
NOT
TR
AR
HR
SET SHIFT
0
A
CLR
CLR MOMTR CLR


2. Bt u chng trnh mi cn s dng lnh CLR xo chng trnh c.
3. Cc lnh c vo theo th t:
+ Tn lnh (cc lnh bt u mt NETWORK l lnh LD).
+ Tham s ca lnh: Khng cn vo cc s khng ng trc.
+ Kt thc mt lnh l WRITE (vit vo PLC).
4. Kt thc mt chng trnh phi c lnh kt thc. Lnh kt thc vo theo
th t:

V d: Chng trnh ca mt mch t duy tr dng LAD v STL nh hnh P.7:
LD 000.00
OR 010.00
AND NOT 000.01
OUT 010.00
END.

Cch vo chng trnh hnh
P.7 nh sau:

6. chy chng trnh chuyn cng tc chn ch sang RUN.
FUN
WRITE
0
A
1
B
Hnh P.7: Mch t duy tr
1
B AND
NOT
WRITE
1
B
OUT
0
A
0
A
0
A
WRITE
FUN
WRITE
0
A
1
B
CLR
WRITE
0
A LD
1
B OR
WRITE
0
A
0
A
0
A


II. Lp trnh cho PLC - S5
S dng phn mm Step5 for Win.
1. Trnh t thao tc
1. Khi ng my tnh ch Windows, (bt cng tc ngun khi th
nghim, PLC t trong khi th nghim), bt cng tc khi ngun PS ca PLC,
cng tc ca khi CPU v tr STOP.
2. Chy trnh Step5 t fite chng trnh nh hnh P.8.
Mn hnh ch bt u c dng nh hnh P.9.
3. Vo File \ Project \ Set (phn ny c th t nhiu tham s, xem phn t
tham s trang 94). Cn t 3 tham s c bn.
+ Chn PLC \ Mode t ch Online (ch kt ni vi PLC).
+ Chn Blocks \ Representation t ch son tho STL.
+ Chn Blocks \ Program File to file mi, (nu cn m mt file c th
vo ng dn v tn file, nu s dng file ngay bui lm vic trc v chng
trnh trc y kt ni vi PLC th b qua bc ny) sau n Enter.
4. Vo ch son tho t Editor \ Step 5 Block...., hoc n F1 (Edit). Mn
hnh trc son tho c dng nh hnh P.10.
Trong :
Block list: Vo tn ca khi hoc nhiu khi son tho.
Confirm before overwriting: Nu c chn th khi ghi my s hi li khng
nh, khng chn th khi sa i c ghi ln ngay sau khi bm Enter.
Update assignment: Nu c chn th fite biu tng *ZO.INI thay i th fite
ngun *ZO.SEQ cng c iu chnh, nu khng chn th fite ngun *ZO.SEQ
khng c iu chnh.
Hnh P.8: Khi ng Step 5 Hnh P.9: Mn hnh ban u
Thc hin lnh trn n Shift F1
Thc hin lnh di n F1


Update XRF: Nu c chn th fite *XR.INI cha tham chiu cho c iu
chnh hoc c to nu cha tn ti trc , nu khng chn th fite *XR.INI
cha tham chiu cho khng c iu chnh.
5. Trong mc
Source chn PLC
kt ni trc tip vi
PLC. Trong mc
Selection \ Block
list vo khi OB1
son tho (c th
vo cc khi khc
nu cn), trong mc
Options khng chn
nh hnh P.10 sau
chn Edit (n
Enter), nu lm vic
vi file mi th my
t ng vo lun
mn hnh Edit nh
hnh P.11b, nu lm
vic vi file c th my vo mn hnh Output nh hnh P.11a.
Trong : hnh P.11a
F1 (Disp Symb): Cho php thay i hoc t tn k hiu (symb), ch thch cc
ton hng dng trong khi chng trnh ang son tho.
F2 (Reference): Hin th tham chiu cho.
F3 (Serach): Tm kim cc ton hng n l trong khi ang son tho.
Hnh P.11: Mn hnh son tho
a, b,
Mn hnh Output Mn hnh Edit
Hnh P.10: Mn hnh trc son tho


F5 (Seg Fct): Hin cc chc nng son tho cho php lm vic vi cc on ca
khi nh chp, xo, chn,...
F6 (Edit): Chuyn sang ch son tho.
F7 (Enter): Lu tr khi nu c s thay i hoc tr v menu chnh.
F8 (Cancel): Tr v menu chnh.
Shift-F1 (Addresses): Hin a ch tng i ca cc lnh trong khi (vi STL).
Shift-F2 (Lib no): Cho php vo s th vin.
Shift-F3 (Symb.OFF): Cho php hin th ton hng di dng tuyt i.
Shift-F4 (Symb Com): Cho php hin th dng ch thch k hiu cc ton hng.
Shift-F5 ( LAD ): Cho php chuyn i cc dng STL, CSF, LAD.
Shift-F6 (Seg com): Cho php vo son tho tiu v cc ch thch ca mi
on chng trnh trong khi nu c chn Wich Comments trang 2 (Blocks)
phn ph lc.
Shift-F7 (Save): Lu tr khi son tho vo file.
Shift-F1 (Help): Vo phn tr gip.
6. Nu ang mn hnh Output cn sa cha hoc son tho mi th chn F6
(Edit) vo mn hnh son tho Edit, vi chng trnh c nhiu on
(Segment) th n F5 (Seg Fct) sau n F1 (-1) hoc F2 (+1) chn cc on
trc hoc sau on hin thi.
7. Khi ang mn hnh son tho Edit c th tin hnh son tho:
+ vo mt cu lnh ta khng cn quan tm n cu trc m c th g lin
tc lin nhau, ht mt dng n Enter my s t ng chn vo cc k t trng
ngn cch.
+ Son tho ht mt on (segment) n F6 (Seg End) sang on mi.
+ Kt thc chng trnh phi c lnh BE, n Enter v chn yes xc nhn
my s tr v mn hnh Output.
8. n Shift-F5 xem dng LAD v CSF. Nu chng trnh c nhiu on
(Segment) th n F5 (Seg Fct) sau n F1 (-1) hoc F2 (+1) xem ln lt ht
cc on trc hoc sau on hin thi.
9. n Shift-F7 ct chng trnh v chng trnh sang PLC, chn yes
xc nhn vic chng trnh ln chng trnh c trong PLC (khi ct th PLC
phi ch STOP).
2. t tham s cho vic son tho chng trnh.
Vo File \ Project \ Set ta s t cc tham s cn thit lin quan n vic son
tho chng trnh. Cc tham s ny c hin th trong 6 trang mn hnh, cc
trang mn hnh c th chuyn i bng con tr. Mi trang c cc phm chc
nng c th s dng nh:


+ Edit F2: Vo ch son tho.
+ Select F3: Thay i tham s ti v tr con tr.
+ Project... F6: Ct tham s thay i.
+ Info F7: Hin thng tin v vng hin ti m ti c con tr.
+ Help Shift F8: Vo phn tr gip.
+ Enter: Chp nhn s thay i.
+ Cancel ESC: Gi nguyn trng thi c, tr v mn hnh trc .
*Trang 1 (PLC): nh hnh P.12
+ Mode: Chn ch ni vi
PLC (Online), v khng c PLC
(Offline).
+ PLC type: Loi PLC
+ Interface: Chn giao din.
+ Parameter: a ch cng
giao din.
+ Path name: t tn ng
dn ni kt. Nu c Path name v
Path file u t th h thng tm
cch thit lp hay dng vic ni kt
thng qua ng dn chn ny
mi khi c s thay i ch lm
vic.
+ Path file: Tn file cha
ng dn Path name.
*Trang 2 (Blocks): nh hnh P.13
+ Program File: Vo ng
dn, m file mi hoc m file c.
+ Representation: t ch
son tho STL, LAD, CSF.
+ STL addresses: a ch ca
STL.
+ With comments: Cho php n,
hin dng ch thch.
+ With Checksum: Kim tra vic truyn s liu ra PLC.
*Trang 3 (Symbols): nh hnh P.14

Hnh P.12: Trang 1
Hnh P.13: Trang 2


+ Symbols file: t tn file
biu tng (*ZO.INI).
+ Assigment list: t tn ca
file danh sch (ZO.SEQ).
+ Symbol length: t di k
hiu biu tng, cho php t 8 n
24 k t.
+ Comment length: t di
dng ch thch, cho php nhiu
nht l 40 k t.
+ Display symbolic: Cho php
ton hng th hin di dng biu
tng (symbolic) hay dng tuyt
i (absolute).
+ Operands symbolic: Cho
php lp trnh c vi symbolic
operands.
*Trang 4 (Documetation): nh hnh
P.15.
+ Footer file: Vo tn file
cha cc thng tin cn thit cui
mi trang khi in v c to ra
trong Documentation.
+ Doc comm file: t tn file
(*SU.INI) cha cc lnh to ti
liu.
+ Printer file: t tn file
cha thng tin v tham s in c
chn trong menu Documentation
nh kch c giy, s dng trong
mi trang in, cng giao tip vi
my in...
+ Printer interface: Chn giao
din vi my in.
+ Documetation to: t ch
lm vic cho php in ti liu.
*Trang 5 (Options): hnh P.16
+ Project directory: nh th
mc lm vic.
Hnh P.15: Trang 4
Hnh P.14: Trang 3
Hnh P.16: Trang 5


*Trang 6 (EFROM): nh hnh
P.17
+ SYSID file: t tn file
(*SD.INI) cha cc thng tin
nhn dng h thng cc khi
dng trong vic np EFROM.

III. Lp trnh cho PLC-S7-200
1. S dng phn mm Step7-200 for Win.
Thao tc chun b
1. Khi ng my tnh ch Windows,(bt cng tc ngun khi th
nghim, PLC lp thnh khi th nghim), bt cng tc khi ngun PS ca PLC,
cng tc ca khi CPU v tr STOP.
2. Chy trnh Step7 t biu tng hoc t fite chng trnh nh hnh P.18.
mn hnh ch bt u c dng nh hnh P.19.
3. Nu Project [CPU .....] c loi CPU khc th nhy nt phi chut vo
Project [CPU .....] chn li CPU.
4. Vo Fite m mt fite mi hoc fite c.
5. Vo View chn ch son tho STL (hoc LAD hoc FBD).
Hnh P.18: Biu tng v ng dn file chng trnh Step7

Hnh P.17: Trang 6


6. Tin hnh son tho chng trnh theo STL (nu son tho chng trnh
theo LAD th c th s dng cc khu, khi pha tri mn hnh son tho). Khi
son tho ch cn cch lnh v i tng lnh mt nhp (du cch), khng cn
ch ch in v ch thng, my s t dch v chnh ch cho ph hp. Trong qu
trnh son tho c th ghi cc ch thch nu cn.
7. Vo View xem li dng LAD (Ladder) hoc FBD.
8. Dch chng trnh t biu tng hoc t PLC \ compile, nu mun dch
c chng trnh th t PLC \ compile All. Khi dch chng trnh cc li s c
thng bo phn thng bo trng thi.
9. chng trnh sang PLC t biu tng hoc t File \ Download, c
th phi kim tra li cad ghp ni cho ph hp t Communications.
10. Mun ct, in chng trnh..., c th thc hin t biu tng hoc vo
File chn ch ct v ch in cn thit.

2. S dng phn mm Step7-200 for Dos.
Thao tc chun b:
1. Khi ng my tnh ch Windows.
chng trnh sang PLC Dch chng trnh Nhy nt phi chn CPU
Phn son tho chng trnh
Phn thng bo trng thi
Vo kim tra cad ghp ni


2. Chy trnh S7-200 t biu tng hoc t fite chng trnh, mn hnh ch
bt u c dng nh
hnh P.20.
Trong :
EXIT-F1: Thot.
SETUP-F2: Chn ngn
ng, t c php cho
bin nh. Ch ngn
ng giao din ch
International.
ONLENE-F4: Khi my
tnh c ni vi PLC.
COLOR-F6: Chn mu.
PGMS-F7: Chng trnh qun l fite.
OFLINE-F8: Khi my tnh khng ni vi PLC.
Ch PID ch tn fite ang s dng.
3. Chn PGMS, n phm F7 (cc phn tip sau thao tc chn v n phm
c vit gn thnh PGMS-F7), vo chng trnh qun l fite m fite mi
hoc fite c. m fite mi chn DIR-F5 vo a, chn SELECT-F8 xc
nhn, n Enter hin cc th mc, chn th mc sau chn SELECT-F8
xc nhn, chn EXIT-F1 thot v mn hnh trc , t tn fite v chn
SELECT-F8 xc nhn, chn ABORT-F1 v mn hnh ban u, tn fite v
ng dn c thit lp.
4. Chn ch ONLINE-F4, ri xc nhn a ch cng ghp ni vi PLC.
5. n F7 chn ch son tho LAD hoc STL.
6. Chn EDIT-F2 vo ch son tho, pha di mn hnh son tho
c dng th mc hng dn cc cch v cc lnh son tho.
7a. Son tho vi STL dng hng dn c dng nh hnh P.21:

Trong : EXIT-F1: thot v trang trc .
INSNW-F2: Chn mt network pha trn con tr.
DELLN-F4: Xa mt dng c con tr.
INSLN-F5: Chn mt dng pha trn con tr.
DELFLD-F6: Xa tham s ni con tr.
S dng cc phm v phm ENTER di chuyn con tr n
Hnh P.20: Mn hnh bt u ca STEP7-Micro/Dos
exit-f1 insnw-f2 delln-f4 insln-f5 delfld-f6 undo-f8
Hnh P.21: Dng hng dn son tho STL


v tr son tho.
7b. Son tho vi LAD dng hng dn c dng nh hnh P.22: du cng
cui dng th hin th mc vn cn cn n phm Spacebar chuyn i.
Trong : EXIT-F1: Thot v trang mn hnh trc .
Cc phm F2 n F7 (dng trn) chn cc tip im, cun dy, hp.
ENTER-F8: Xc nh mt network c son tho.
HORZ-F1: k mt on ngang t v tr con tr sang phi.
VERT-F2: k mt on dc t v tr con tr xung di.
HORZD-F3: xa mt on ngang.
VERTD-F4: xa mt on dc.
S dng cc phm di chuyn con tr n v tr son tho.
Khi son xong mt tip im, hp... dng phm ENTER xc nhn.
Khi son xong mt network phi dng F8 xc nhn, nu dng ENTER
c ngha mun xung dng m rng (nhnh) cho network.
8. Chn EXIT-F1 tr v mn hnh trc .
9. Chn STL-F7 xem dng STL.
10. Chn WRITDK-F8 chng trnh sang PLC.
11. Mun in chng trnh, hoc thc hin cc thao tc la chn khc th
lm theo ch dn dng th mc cui mn hnh hoc vo phn Help.

exit-f1 -f2 -f3 RI -f4 NOT -f5 ( ) -f6 Box-f7 ENTER-f8 +
horz-f1 vert-f2 horzd-f3 vertd-f4 delnet-f5 unique-f6 commnt-f7 insert-f8 +
n phm Spacebar
Hnh P.22: Dng hng dn son tho LAD


IV. Lp trnh cho PLC - S7-300
S dng phn mm S7-300.
1. Khi ng:
1. Khi ng my tnh
ch Windows, (bt cng tc
ngun ca khi th nghim) bt
cng tc ngun ca khi ngun
PS ca PLC, cng tc ca khi
CPU v tr STOP.
2. Khi ng phn mm
Step7 t biu tng hoc t file
chng trnh nh hnh P.23.
1.2. Ci t phn cng:
1. Cng tc ca CPU phi
ch STOP.
2. Vo File to mt
th mc chng trnh mi (hoc
m mt th mc chng trnh
c) (v mt chng trnh ca S7-
300 l c mt th mc "Project").
Mt chng trnh ca S7-300 s c
dng nh hnh P.24 (khi to ).
Nu m mt th mc chng trnh
c sn chng trnh th c th
b qua mt s bc sau.
3. M th mc chng trnh
"Project" chn phn cng t
insert / Station / Simatic 300
Station.
4. M th mc Simatic
300(1) ci t phn cng.
5. M th mc Hardware
bt u ci t phn cng,
mn hnh ban u ci t
phn cng c dng nh hnh
P.25.
6. Nhy vo du "+" ca
SIMATIC 300 chn ln lt
cc khi ca cu hnh cng.
(chn theo cc khi hin c ca
Biu tng
Hnh P.23: ng dn khi ng Step 7
Hnh P.24: Cu trc chng trnh Step 7
Nhy vo du "+"
m khi
Phn th hin
tham s khi
Hnh P.25: Hng dn ci t phn cng


khi th nghim). Cc khi thc trn PLC nh trn hnh P.26.
Phi nhy vo du "+" m chng trnh.
+ Chn gi :
Chn RACK-
300 v chn
Rail.
+ Chn khi
ngun: Chn PS-
300 (v chn
PS307 5A).
+ Chn khi
CPU: Chn
CPU-300 v
chn CPU 314,
chn loi c
tham s (c
ch ra phn th
hin tham s
hnh P.26) nh
tham s ca CPU
hin c (c ch
ra dng trn
cng v dng di cng ca CPU trn khi th nghim). Ring trong bi th
nghim ny phn mm khng c loi m hiu 6ES7314-1AE04-0AB0 nn chn
loi 6ES7 314-1AE03-0AB0 thay th.
+ B qua khi b thiu: IM (Interfare) nm trn dng s 3 ca Rail.
+ Chn cc khi vo ra: Chn SM-300 v ln lt chn cc khi vo ra theo
ng m hiu c ghi trn dng u v dng cui mi khi.
+ Chn khi ghp ni: CP-300 v chn CP340 RS 232C. Khi ghp ni ny
ghp ni vi cc thit b ngoi. Mn hnh sau khi chn khi c dng nh hnh
P.26
7. cu hnh sang PLC t PLC \ Download hoc biu tng, nhn OK
xc nhn a ch gi (Rack), a ch CPU v a ch cng ghp ni.
3. Son tho chng trnh:
1. Tr v th mc chng trnh chnh "Project", xc nhn vic ct cu hnh
cng vi file.
2. M th mc chng trnh chnh "Project" chn chng trnh son
tho vo t insert / Program / S7 Program.
3. M th mc S7 Program, trong s c cc th mc: Source File,
Symbols, Blocks.
Hnh P.26: Cc khi c chn
a ch cad ghp ni
a ch khi vo a ch khi ra


4. M th mc Blocks, nu cn th chn thm cc khi (Blocks) cn thit
khc cho chng trnh t insert / S7 Blocks.
5. M khi OB1 (bi ny ch lp trnh trn khi OB1), chn kiu lp trnh
STL t Language (c th chn kiu lp trnh khc) ri chn OK. Mn hnh lp
trnh c dng nh hnh P.27.
6. C th chn
ch online kt
ni trc tip vi PLC
hoc offline khng
ni trc tip vi PLC,
chn ch offline
khi son xong chng
trnh phi sang
PLC.
7. C th t
tn cho khi, tn cho
on (Networks) v
cc ch thch nu cn.
8. Tin hnh
son tho, khi son
tho ch cn cch m
lnh v i tng
lnh mt nhp my s
t ng dch khong
cch cho ph hp.
9. Son tho ht mt Networks th chn thm Networks mi t biu tng
hoc insert / Network.
10. Xem li dng LAD hoc FBD t View / LAD hoc View / FBD.
11. Son tho xong chng trnh sang PLC t biu tng hoc t PLC /
Download kim tra, khi chng trnh PLC phi trng thi STOP.
Ch : Khi lp trnh c th cc k hiu khng ng (khng lp trnh c,
chng hn g a ch I 0.0 bo li, g M 0.0 th nhn) l do chn ngn ng
khng ng. kim tra ngn ng lm nh sau:
+ T mn hnh son tho nh hnh P.27 chn Options/Customize... ta
c ca s nh hnh P.28.
+ Trong ca s Editor hnh P.28, hp kim Mnemonics phi l
Internectiona nh hnh P.28a. nu trong hp kim Mnemonics l SMATIC nh
hnh P.28b l sai ngn ng (dng ting c). Mun i ngn ng c th lp
trnh c ta phi quay li mn hnh ban u nh hnh P.24 v tin hnh cc
bc:
sang PLC Chn Network mi Chn online hoc offline
Phn ch thch khi
Phn vit tn khi
Phn vit tn Network
Phn ch thch Network
Phn son tho chng trnh


+ T mn
hnh P.24 chn Options/Customize... ta c ca s ca mn hnh Customize
nh hnh P.29. Trong mn hnh Customize ca s Language ti hp kim
Language phi chn english, ti hp kim Mnemonics phi chn English nh
hnh P.29 sau nhn OK.

Hnh P.28
a,
b,
Hnh P.29


Ph lc 2
BNG LNH CA CC PHN MM PLC
i. Bng lnh ca PLC - CpM1A
TT
Tn lnh
M t
1 AND Nhn logic trng thi ca bit xc nh vi iu kin thc hin.
2 And ld Nhn logic cc kt qu ca cc khi xc nh.
3
And not
Nhn logic gi tr o ca bit xc nh vi iu kin thc hin.
4 Cnt m li.
5 Ld Khi ng mt dy lnh vi trng thi ca bit xc nh hoc
nh ngha mt khi logic c dng vi ANDLD hoc
ORLD.
6 Ld not Khi ng mt dy lnh vi nghch o ca bit xc nh.
7 Or Cng logic trng thi ca bit xc nh vi iu kin thc hin.
8 Or ld Cng kt qu ca cc khi nh trc.
9 Or not Cng logic nghch o bit xc nh vi iu kin thc hin.
10 Out a ra cng ra gi tr ca bit thc hin.
11 Out
not
a ra cng ra gi tr nghch o ca bit thc hin
12 Tim Qu trnh thi gian tr ON
13 Nop Khng thc hin g c, qu trnh chuyn sang lnh bn cnh.
14 End Lnh kt thc chng trnh.
15 IL Nu iu kin kho cho l OFF tt c cc u ra l OFF v
ton b thi gian (time) s phc hi gia IL ny (02) v IL
khc (03). Cc lnh khc c iu hnh nh l lnh NOP
(00), b m vn duy tr.
16 Ilc
17 Jmp Nu iu kin nhy b tt (OFF) tt c cc lnh gia JMP (04)
v JME (05) tng ng b b qua.
18 Jme
19 Fal Pht mt li khng tin nh v cho ra s FAL vo b lp trnh
cm tay.
20 Fals Pht mt li tin nh v cho ra s FALS vo b lp trnh cm
tay.
21 Step Khi dng vi bit iu khin s xc nh im bt u mt
bc mi v phc hi (R) bc trc . Khi khng dng vi
bit iu khin s xc nh im cui ca vic thc hin bc.


TT
Tn lnh
M t
22 snxt Dng vi mt bit iu khin ch ra kt thc bc, phc hi
bc v bt u bc tip theo.
23 Set To ra b ghi dch bit.
24 Keep Xc nh mt bit nh l mt cht iu khin bi cc u vo
t v phc hi.
25 Cntr Tng hoc gim s m bi mt trong s cc tn hiu vo tng
hoc gim chuyn t OFF sang ON.
26 Difu Bt (On) bit xc nh cho mt chu k ti sn trc ca xung
vo.
27 Difd Nhn logic trng thi ca bit xc nh vi iu kin thc hin.
28 Timh B thi gian tc cao c tr.
29 Wsft Dch chuyn d liu gia cc t u v cui trong nhm t,
vit 0 vo t u.
30 Cmp So snh ni dung ca 2 t v a ra kt qu vo cc c GR,
EQ, LE.
31 Mov Chp d liu ngun (t hoc hng s) vo t ch.
32 Mvn o d liu ngun (t hoc hng s) sau chp n vo t
ch
33 Bin Chuyn d liu 4 s dng BCD trong t ngun thnh d liu
nh phn 16 bit v a d liu c chuyn vo t kt qu.
34 Bcd Chuyn d liu nh phn trong t ngun thnh BCD sau
a d liu chuyn m ra t kt qu.
35 Asl Dch tng bt trong t n ca d liu v bn tri c CY
36 Asr Dch tng bt trong t n ca d liu v bn phi c CY
37 Rol Quay cc bt trong t n ca d liu mt bt v bn tri c
CY
38 Ror Quay cc bt trong t n ca d liu mt bt v bn phi c
CY
39 Com o trng thi bt ca mt t d liu.
40 Add Cng 2 gi tr BCD 4 s vi ni dung ca CY v a kt qu
n t ghi kt qu c bit.
41 Sub Tr mt gi tr BCD 4 s v CY t mt gi tr BCD 4 bit khc
v a kt qu



TT
Tn lnh
M t
42 Mul Nhn 2 gi tr BCD 4 s v a kt qu ti t kt qu c bit.
43 div Chia s BCD 4 s cho s b chia BCD 4 s v a kt qu ti
t kt qu c bit.
44 Andw Nhn logic 2 t vo 16 bit v c bit tng ng vo t kt qu
nu cc bit tng ng trong cc t vo u ON.
45 Orw Cng logic 2 t vo 16 bit v t bit tng ng vo t kt qu
nu cc bit tng ng trong d liu vo l ON.
46 Xorw Cng (EXNOR) 2 t 16 bit v t bit vo t kt qu khi cc bit
tng ng trong cc t vo c trng thi khc nhau.
47 Xnrw Cng o (EXNOR) 2 t 16 bit v t bit vo t kt qu khi
cc bit tng ng trong cc t vo c cng trng thi.
48 Inc Tng t BCD 4 s ln 1 n v.
49 Dec Gim t BCD 4 s i 1 n v.
50 Stc t c mang sang (bt ON, CY)
51 Clc Xo c mang sang (tt OF, CY)
52 Trsm Khi u vit d liu khng dng vi CQM1-CPU 11/21-E.
53 msg Hin th thng bo 16 v tr tn b lp trnh.
54 Adb Cng 2 gi tr Hexa 4 s vi ni dung ca CY v gi kt qu
ti t kt qu xc nh.
55 Sbb Tr gi tr Hexa 4 s cho mt gi tr Hexa 4 s, CY v gi kt
qu ti t kt qu.
56 Mlb Nhn 2 s tr Hexa 4 s v gi kt qu ti t kt qu xc nh.
57 Dvb Chia s tr Hexa 4 s cho s Hexa 4 s v gi kt qu ti t
kt qu xc nh
58 Addl Cng 2 gi tr 8 s (2 tr mt) v ni dung ca CY v gi kt
qu ti cc t kt qu xc nh.
59 Subl Tr gi tr BCD 8 s cho mt gi tr BCD 8 s v CY v gi
kt qu vo t kt qu.
60 Mull Nhn 2 gi tr BCD 8 s v gi kt qu vo cc t kt qu xc
nh.
61 Divl Chia s BCD 8 s cho s BCD 8 s v gi kt qu n cc t
kt qu xc nh.
62 Binl Chuyn gi tr BCD thnh cc t nh phn ngun lin kt v
a d liu chuyn i n 2 t kt qu lin tip.


TT
Tn lnh
M t
63 Bcdl Chuyn gi tr nh phn thnh hai t BCD ngun lin tip v
a d liu chuyn i n 2 t kt qu lin tip.
64 XFer Chuyn 1 s ni dung t ngun lin tip thnh t ch lin
tip.
65 Bset Sao chp ni dung 1 t hoc 1 hng s thnh mt s t lin
tip.
66 Root Bnh phng (khai cn) ca gi tr BCD 8 s v a ra kt qu
s nguyn 4 ch s ct ngt v gi kt qu ra 1 t nh
trc.
67 Xchg Trao i ni dung ca hai t khc nhau.
68 @colm Chp 16 bit ca mt t xc nh vo mt ct bit ca cc t 16
bit lin tip.
69 Cps So snh hai gi tr nh phn 16 bit (4 s) nh du v a
kt qu n cc c GR, EQ, LE.
70 Cpsl So snh hai gi tr nh phn 32 bit (8 s) nh du v a
kt qu n cc c GR, EQ, LE.
71 @dbs Chia 1 gi tr nh phn 16 bit nh du cho mt gi tr khc
v a kt qu nh phn 32 bit nh du vo t R n R+1.
72 @dbsl Chia 1 gi tr nh phn 32 bit nh du cho mt gi tr khc
v a kt qu nh phn 64 bit nh du vo t R+3 n R.
73 @fCS Kim tra li trong d liu truyn bi lnh Host link.
74 @fpd Tm li trong cm cc lnh.
75 @hex Chuyn i d liu ASCII thnh d liu hexa.
76 @hky Vo d liu hexa n 8 s t bn 16 phm.
77 @hms Chuyn i d liu giy (s) thnh d liu gi (h) v pht
(mm).
78 @line Chp mt bit ca cm 16 t lin tip vo t xc nh.
79 @max Tm gi tr cc i trong khng gian d liu xc nh v a
gi tr ny ti t khc.
80 @mbs Nhn ni dung nh phn nh du ca hai t v a kt qu
nh phn 8 bit nh du vo R+1 v R.
81 @mbsl Nhn hai gi tr nh phn 32 bit (8 s) nh du v a kt
qu nh phn 16 bit nh du vo R+3 n R.
82 @min Tm gi tr cc tiu trong khng gian d liu xc nh v a
gi tr ny vo t khc.


TT
Tn lnh
M t
83 @neg Chuyn i ni dung hexa 4 ch s ca t ngun thnh phn
b modul 2 ca n v a kt qu vo R.
84 @negl Chuyn i ni dung hexa 8 ch s ca t ngun thnh phn
b modul 2 ca n v a kt qu vo R v R+1.
85 Pid (Ch c CQM1-CPV43E) th hin iu khin PID da trn cc
thng s xc nh.
86 @pls2 (Ch c CQM1-CPV43E) Tng tc xung ra t 0 ti tn s
ch.
87 @pwm (Ch c CQM1-CPV43E) a ra cng mt v hai cc xung c
t s lun phin xc nh (0%-99%).
88 @rxd Nhp d liu thng qua cng lin lc.
89 @scl2 (Ch c CQM1-CPV43E) Chuyn i tuyn tnh mt gi tr
hexa 4 s nh du thnh gi tr s BCD 4 ch s.
90 @scl3 (Ch c CQM1-CPV43E) Chuyn i tuyn tnh mt gi tr
BCD 4 ch s thnh gi tr hexa 4 ch s nh du.
91 @sec Chuyn i d liu gi (h) v pht (mm) thnh d liu giy
(s).
92 @sbbl Tr i mt gi tr nh phn 8 ch s (bnh thng hoc nh
du) tr gi tr khc v a kt qu ra R v R+1.
93 @srch Kim tra phm vi xc nh ca b nh dng cho d liu xc
nh. a cc a ch t cc t trong phm vi cha d liu.
94 @sum Tnh tng ni dung cc t trong phm vi xc nh ca b nh.
95 @xfrb Chp trng thi ca nhiu nht l 255 bit ngun xc nh vo
cc bt ch xc nh.
96 @zcp So snh mt t vi mt di xc nh bi gii hn thp v cao
v a kt qu n cc c GR, EQ, LE.
97 zcpl So snh mt gi tr 8 ch s vi mt di xc nh bi cc gii
hn thp v cao sau a kt qu n cc c GR, EQ, LE.
98 SLD Dch tri d liu gia cc t u v cui mt ch s (4 bit) v
bn tri.
99 SRD Dch phi d liu gia cc t u v cui mt ch s (4 bit) v
bn phi.
100 MLPX Chuyn i 4 ch s hexa trong t ngun thnh gi tr thp
phn t 0 n 15 v ghi vo cc t hoc cc bit kt qu c v
tr tng ng vi gi tr c chuyn i.


TT
Tn lnh
M t
101 DMPX Xc nh v tr ON cao nht trong t ngun v chuyn cc bit
tng ng vo t kt qu.
102 SDEC Chuyn gi tr hexa t ngun n d liu cho hin th 7 thanh.
103 DIST Chuyn mt t ca d liu ngun n t cui m a ch ca
n c cho bi t cui cng vi OFF SET.
104 COLI Li d liu t ngun v vit n vo t cui.
105 MOVB Truyn bit xc nh ca t hoc bng s ngun n bit xc
nh ca t cui.
106 MOVD Chuyn ni dung hexa ca cc ch s ngun 4 bit xc nh
n cc ch s cui xc nh, ti a l 4 ch s .
107 SFTR Dch d liu trong tng ngun hoc ch cui cc t ngun xc
nh v bn tri hoc bn phi.
108 TCMP So snh gi tr hexa 4 ch s vi gi tr trong bng gm 16 t.
109 ASC Chuyn i cc gi tr hexa t ngun thnh m ASII 8 bit bt
u ti na tn cng bn tri hoc phi ca t u xc nh.
110 SBS Gi v thc hin chng trnh con.
111 SBN nh du bt u ca chng trnh con.
112 RET Kt thc ca chng trnh con v tr v chng trnh chnh.
113 IORF Lm ti tt c u vo v ra gia t u v t cui.
114 MaCRO Gi v thc hin chng trnh con thay th cc t vo ra.
115 @ASFT To mt b ghi dch trao i ni dung ca cc t lin kt
khi mt trong cc t l 0.
116 @MCMP So snh mt cm 16 t lin tip vi mt cm 16 t lin tip
khc.
117 @RXD o d liu thng qua mt cng lin lc (cng COM).
118 @TXD Gi d liu thng qua mt cng lin lc.
119 CMPL So snh 2 i lng hexa 8 ch s.
120 @INI Khi ng v dng qu trnh m, so snh v chuyn PV ca
b m, dng u ra xung.
121 @PRV c PV ca b m v d liu trng thi cho b m c tc
cao nht.
122 @CTBL So snh PV ca b m v pht mt bn trc tip hoc l khi
ng qu trnh chy.



TT
Tn lnh
M t
123 @SPED a ra cc xung vi tn s xc nh (10Hz - 50kHz trong cc
b 10Hz) tn s ra c th thay i trong khi cc xung ang
c a ra.
124 @PULS a ra mt s xc nh cc xung c tn s xc nh, u ra
xung khng dng cho n khi s lng xung c a ra
ht.
125 @SCL Th hin s i thang o cho gi tr tnh ton.
126 @BCNT m tng s cc bit ang chy (ON) trong cm t xc nh.
127 @BCMP Quyt nh xem gi tr ca mt t c nm trong phm vi xc
nh bi gii hn di v trn.
128 @STIM iu khin Time khong dng cho cc ngt th tc.
129 DSW a vo d liu BCD 4 hoc 8 ch s t mt chuyn mch s.
130 7SEG Chuyn d liu BCD 4 hoc 8 ch s thnh dng hin th 7
thanh.
131 @INT Th hin iu khin v ngt nh l mt n hoc khng mt n
cc bit ngt cho cc ngt vo ra.
132 @ACC Cho (CQM1-CPV43-E) cng vi PVLS (-) ACC (-) iu khin
tng tc v gim tc cc xung ra t cng 1 v 2.
133 @ABDL Cng hai gi tr nh phn 8 ch s (d kin thng hoc ng
du) v a kt qu ra R v R+1.
134 @APR Th hin cc php tnh sin, cosin hoc cc tim cn tuyn tnh.
135 AVG Cng mt s xc nh cc t hexa v tnh gi tr chnh, quay
du thp phn i mt khong 4 ch s.



2. Bng lnh ca PLC - S5 (Siemens - Ty c)
TT Tn lnh M t
2.1. Cc lnh c bn: (S dng vi khi OB, PB, FB, SB)
2.1.1. Nhm lnh i s logic Bool
1 ) Dng ng ngoc biu thc m ngoc trc , lnh ny
khng c i tng.
2 A n Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr ca
im n (n v bit) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo RLO.
3 A( Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung trong RLO vi php ton
trong ngoc (c ng ngoc), kt qu php ton np vo RLO.
4 AN n Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr nghch
o ca im n (n v bit) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo
RLO.
5 O n Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr ca im
n (n v bit) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo RLO.
6 O( Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung trong RLO vi php ton
trong ngoc (c ng ngoc), kt qu php ton np vo RLO.
7 ON n Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr nghch
o ca im n (n v bit) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi vo
RLO.
2.1.2. Lnh set, reset
8 = n Ni dung ca RLO hin hnh c gn cho i tng n.
9 R n Nu ni dung ca RLO l 1 th trng thi tn hiu 0 s c gn
cho i tng n v trng thi ny khng thay i khi RLO thay
i.
10 S n Nu ni dung RLO l 1 th trng thi tn hiu 1 s c gn cho
i tng n v trng thi ny khng thay i khi RLO thay i.
2.1.3. Lnh np v truyn
11 L n Ni dung ca i tng lnh (n v byte) c sao chp vo
ACCU1 khng ph thuc vo RLO, ni dung trc ca
ACCU1 chuyn sang ACCU2.
12 LD n Np ni dung i tng n (dng m BCD) vo ACCU1 khng
ph thuc RLO.
13 T n Ni dung ca ACCU1 truyn cho i tng n (n v byte)
khng ph thuc RLO, v d truyn cho vng m u ra.



TT Tn lnh M t
2.1.4 Lnh v thi gian
14 R T Xo b thi gian nu RLO = 1
15 SD B thi gian chm sau sn ln ca RLO mt khong bng thi
gian t, khi RLO v 0 th b thi gian v khng ngay.
16 SE B thi gian ln 1 khi RLO chuyn t 0 ln 1 (sn ln) v duy
tr thi gian t, khng ph thuc RLO na.
17 SF B thi gian ln 1 ti sn ln ca RLO, khi RLO v khng th
b thi gian cn duy tr mt khong thi gian bng thi gian
t.
18 SP B thi gian ln 1 khi RLO chuyn t 0 ln 1 (sn ln) v duy
tr cho n khi t thi gian t (RLO=1), khi RLO =0 th
b thi gian v 0 ngay.
19 SS B thi gian chm sau sn ln ca RLO mt khong bng thi
gian t v khng ph thuc RLO na, n ch v khng khi c
lnh xo R.
2.1.5. Lnh ca b m
20 CD S m gim 1 n v ti sn ln ca RLO sau khng ph
thuc RLO na.
21 CU S m tng 1 n v ti sn ln ca RLO sau khng ph
thuc RLO na.
22 R C Xo b m nu RLO = 1
23 S C t b m nu RLO = 1
2.1.6. Cc lnh ton hc
24 !=F So snh bng nhau ca hai thanh ghi ACCU1 v ACCU2
(dng bit)
25 +F Cng ni dung hai thanh ghi ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu np
vo ACCU1 (lnh ny ch c STL).
26 <=F So snh i tng lnh trong thanh ghi ACCU2 c nh hn
hay bng ACCU1 khng ?
27 <F So snh i tng lnh trong thanh ghi ACCU2 c nh hn
ACCU1 khng ?
28 ><F So snh i tng lnh trong hai thanh ghi ACCU1 v ACCU2
xem c khc nhau khng ?
29 >=F So snh i tng lnh trong thanh ghi ACCU2 c ln hn
hay bng ACCU1 khng ?


TT Tn lnh M t
30 >F So snh i tng lnh trong thanh ghi ACCU2 c ln hn
ACCU1 khng ?
31 -F Tr ni dung thanh ghi ACCU1 vi ni dung thanh ghi
ACCU2, kt qu np vo ACCU1 (lnh ny ch c STL).
2.1.7. Cc lnh gi khi.
32 C n Gi khi d liu DB, khng ph thuc vo RLO, qut chng
trnh khng b gin on, RLO khng b nh hng.
33 G To lp hoc xo khi d liu c lp vi RLO.
34 JC n Nhy sang lm vic khi n nu RLO =1.
35 JU n Nhy sang lm vic khi n, khng ph thuc RLO v RLO
khng b nh hng.
2.1.8. Cc lnh kt thc.
36 BE Lnh kt thc khi.
37 BEC Lnh kt thc c iu kin gia khi (RLO=1)
38 BEU Lnh kt thc khng iu kin gia khi, khng ph thuc
RLO.
2.1.9. Cc lnh khng.
39 NOP 0 M lnh 16 bit trong RAM u bng 0 ( gi ch).
2.1.10. Lnh dng
41 STP Lnh dng cui chng trnh, b PLC i vo trng thi ngh.
2.2. Cc lnh thay th (ch dng vi khi FB)
2.2.1. Cc lnh i s logic Bool thay th.
42 A= Lnh AND thay th.
43 AN= Lnh AND o thay th.
44 AW T hp tng bit theo lut logic AND.
45 DO= Lnh DO thay th.
46 O= Lnh OR thay th.
47 ON= Lnh OR o thay th.
48 OW T hp tng bit theo lut logic OR.
49 XOR T hp tng bit theo lut logic OR c bit.



TT Tn lnh M t
2.2.2. Cc lnh v bit.
50 RU Lnh xo bt khng iu kin.
51 SU t mt bit v iu kin.
52 TB Trc nghim bit cho trng thi tn hiu 1
53 TBN Trc nghim bit cho trng thi tn hiu 0.
2.2.3. Lnh set, reset thay th.
54 == Lnh gn thay th.
55 RB= Lnh xo i tng lnh hnh thc.
56 RD= Lnh xo i tng lnh hnh thc dng s.
57 S= Lnh t i tng lnh hnh thc.
2.2.4. Cc lnh v thi gian v m.
58 FR= Lnh kh thi thay th.
59 SD= Lnh khi ng b thi gian bt u tr hnh thc.
60 SEC= Khi ng b thi gian m rng hoc b m.
61 SFD= Lnh khi ng b thi gian tt tr hoc b m xung.
62 SP= Lnh khi ng b thi gian xung hnh thc.
63 SSU= Lnh khi ng b thi gian bt u tr.
2.2.5. Cc lnh np v truyn.
64 L= Lnh np thay th.
65 LD= Lnh np i tng hnh thc dng c s BCD.
66 LW= Lnh np mu bit ca i tng lnh hnh thc.
67 T= Lnh truyn i tng lnh hnh thc.
2.2.6. Cc lnh chuyn i.
68 CFW Ni dung ACCU1 c chuyn i tng bit mt.
69 CSW B sung cho 2.
2.2.7. Cc lnh dch chuyn.
70 SLW Dy bit trong ACCU1 dch sang tri.
71 SRW Dy bit trong ACCU1 dch sang phi.
2.2.8. Cc lnh nhy.
72 JC= Nhy c iu kin (RLO=1)
73 JM= Nhy nu kt qu l m (CC1=0, CC0=1).


TT Tn lnh M t
74 JN= Nhy nu kt qu l (0,0) (CC1=1, CC0=0).
75 JO= Nhy khi c trn.
76 JP= Nhy nu kt qu l dng (CC1=1, CC0=0).
77 JU= Nhy khng iu kin.
78 JZ= Nhy nu kt qu l 0 (CC1=0, CC0=0)
2.2.9. Cc lnh khc.
79 D Gim ni dung trong ACCU1.
80 DO X l t c hoc t d liu.
81 FR T
C
Tc ng vo TIME hoc COUTER c khi khng c bin i
sn khi ng b thi gian, t mt b m m ln hoc
m xung.
82 I Tng ni dung trong ACCU1.
83 IA Lnh cm ngt.
84 LRS Np min d liu h thng (np min RS... vo ACCU1).
85 RA Cho php ngt.
2.2.10. Nhm lnh h thng.
86 ADD Lnh cng mt hng s.
87 JC n Nhy sang lm vic khi n nu RLO =1.
88 JU n Nhy sang lm vic khi n, khng ph thuc RLO v RLO
khng b nh hng.
89 LIR Lnh np gin tip thanh ghi.
90 RU Lnh xo bt khng iu kin.
91 STS Lnh dng tc khc.
92 SU t mt bit v iu kin.
93 TAK Lnh trao i ni dung thanh ghi.
94 TIR Lnh truyn gin tip thanh ghi.
95 TNB Lnh truyn mt trng d liu.



3. Bng lnh ca PLC - S7-200 (Siemens - Ty c)
TT Tn lnh M t
3.1. Cc lnh thc hin v iu kin
1 = n Gi tr bit u tin trong ngn xp c sao chp
sang im n ch dn trong lnh.
2 =I n Gi tr bit u tin trong ngn xp c sao chp trc
tip sang im n ch dn ngay khi lnh c thc
hin.
3 A n Gi tr bt u tin ca ngn xp c thc hin bng
php tnh AND vi im n ch dn trong lnh. Kt
qu c ghi li vo bt u tin ca ngn xp.
4 AB<= n1,n2 Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin
trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1 nu gi tr byte n1 khng
ln hn gi tr ca byte n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo
bit u tin ca ngn xp.
5 AB= n1,n2 Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin
trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1 nu gi tr ca hai byte n1
v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit
u tin ca ngn xp.
6 AB>= n1,n2 Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin
trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1 nu gi tr ca hai byte n1
v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit
u tin ca ngn xp.
7 AD<= n1,n2 Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin
trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1 nu ni dung ca hai t
kp (4byte) n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c
ghi li vo bit u tin ca ngn xp.
8 AD>= n1,n2 Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin
kp (4byte) n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c
9 AD= n1,n2 Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin
kp (4byte) n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Kt qu c
10 AI n Lnh AND c thc hin tc thi gia gi tr ca bt
u tin trong ngn xp vi im n c ch dn. Kt
qu c ghi li vo bit u ca ngn xp.


TT Tn lnh M t
11 ALD Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin v
ca bit th hai trong ngn xp. Kt qu c ghi li
vo bit u tin ca ngn xp, cc gi tr cn li trong
ngn xp c ko ln mt bit.
12 AN n Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin
trong ngn xp vi gi tr nghch o ca im n
trong ch dn. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u tin
ca ngn xp.
13 ANI n Thc hin tc thi lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u
tin trong ngn xp vi gi tr nghch o ca im n
trong ch dn. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u tin
ca ngn xp.

14 AR<= n1,n2
(5)

Thc hin lnh AND gia gi tr ca bt u tin
trong ngn xp vi gi tr 1 nu ni dung ca hai s
thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li
vo bit u tin ca ngn xp.
15 AR= n1,n2
(5)

thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Kt qu c ghi li
16 AR>= n1,n2
(5)

thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li
17 AW<= n1,n2

n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo
18 AW= n1,n2

n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo
19 AW>= n1,n2

n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo



TT Tn lnh M t
20 CTU Cxx,PV Khi ng b m tin theo sn ln tn hiu u
vo. B m c t li trng thi ban u (Reset)
nu u vo R ca b m c kch.
21 CTUD Cxx,PV Khi ng b m tin theo sn ln tn hiu u vo
th nht v m li theo sn ln tn hiu th hai. B
m c t li trng thi ban u (Reset) nu u
vo R ca b m c kch.
22 ED t gi tr logic 1 vo bit u tin ca ngn xp khi
xut hin sn xung ca tn hiu.
23 EU t gi tr logic 1 vo bit u tin ca ngn xp khi
xut hin sn ln ca tn hiu.
24 LD n Np gi tr logic ca im n ch dn trong lnh vo
25 LDB<= n1,n2 Bit u tin ca ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni
dung hai byte n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2.
26 LDB= n1,n2 Bit u tin ca ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni
dung hai byte n1 v n2 tho mn n1= n2.
27 LDB>= n1,n2 Bit u tin ca ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni
dung hai byte n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2.
28 LDD= n1,n2 Bit u tin ca ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni
dung hai t kp n1 v n2 tho mn n1= n2.
29 LDD>= n1,n2 Bit u tin ca ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu ni
dung hai t kp n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2.
30 LDI n Lnh np tc thi gi tr logic ca tip im n ch dn
trong lnh vo bt u tin trong ngn xp.
31 LDN n Lnh np gi tr logic nghch o ca tip im n ch
dn trong lnh vo bt u tin trong ngn xp.
32 LDNI n Lnh np tc thi gi tr logic nghch o ca tip
im n ch dn trong lnh vo bt u tin trong ngn
xp.
33 LDR<= n1,n2
(5)
Bt u tin trong ngn xp nhn gi tr logic 1 nu
ni dung hai s thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2.
34 LDR= n1,n2
(5)
ni dung hai s thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2.
35 LDR>= n1,n2
(5)
ni dung hai s thc n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2.


TT Tn lnh M t
36 LDW<= n1,n2
(5)
ni dung hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2.
37 LDW= n1,n2
(5)
ni dung hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1 = n2.
38 LDW>= n1,n2
(5)
ni dung hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1 n2.
39 LPP Ko ni dung ca ngn xp ln mt bit. Gi tr mi
ca bit trn l gi tr c ca bit di, su ca ngn
xp gim i mt bit.
40 LPS Sao chp gi tr bit u tin trong ngn xp vo bit
th hai. Ni dung cn li ca ngn xp b y xung
mt bit.
41 LRD Sao chp gi tr ca bit th hai vo bit u tin trong
ngn xp. Cc gi tr cn li ca ngn xp gi
nguyn.
42 MEND
(1) (2)
Kt thc phn chng trnh trong mt vng qut.
43 NOT o gi tr ca bit u tin trong ngn xp.
44 O n Thc hin ton t OR gia bit u tin ca ngn xp
vi im n ch dn trong lnh. Kt qu c ghi vo
bit u tin trong ngn xp.
45 OB<= n1,n2 Thc hin ton t OR gia bit u tin ca ngn xp
vi gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai byte n1 v n2 tho
mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi vo bit u tin trong
ngn xp.
46 OB= n1,n2 Thc hin ton t OR gia bit u tin ca ngn xp
mn n1 = n2. Kt qu c ghi vo bit u tin trong
ngn xp.
47 OB>= n1,n2 Thc hin ton t OR gia bit u tin ca ngn xp
mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi vo bit u tin trong
ngn xp.
48 OD<= n1,n2 Thc hin ton t OR gia bit u tin ca ngn xp
vi gi tr logic 1 nu ni dung hai t kp n1 v n2
tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi vo bit u tin
trong ngn xp.



TT Tn lnh M t
49 OD= n1,n2 Thc hin ton t OR gia bit u tin ca ngn xp
tho mn n1 = n2. Kt qu c ghi vo bit u tin
trong ngn xp.
50 OD>= n1,n2 Thc hin ton t OR gia bit u tin ca ngn xp
tho mn n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi vo bit u tin
trong ngn xp.
51 OI n Thc hin tc thi ton t OR gia bit u tin ca
ngn xp vi im n ch dn trong lnh. Kt qu c
ghi vo bit u tin trong ngn xp.

52 OLD Thc hin ton t OR gia bit u v bit th hai trong
ngn xp. Kt qu c ghi vo bit u tin trong
ngn xp, cc gi tr cn li ca ngn xp c
chuyn ln mt bit.
53 ON n Thc hin ton t OR gia bit u tin ca ngn xp
vi gi tr logic nghch o ca im n ch dn trong
lnh. Kt qu c ghi vo bit u tin trong ngn
xp.
54 ONI n Thc hin tc thi ton t OR gia bit u tin ca
ngn xp vi gi tr logic nghch o ca im n ch
dn trong lnh. Kt qu c ghi vo bit u tin
trong ngn xp.
55 OR<= n1,n2
(5)
Thc hin ton t OR gia bit u tin ca ngn xp
vi gi tr logic 1 nu hai s thc n1 v n2 tho mn
n1 n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u trong ngn
xp.
56 OR= n1,n2
(5)
n1 = n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u trong ngn
xp.
57 OR>= n1,n2
(5)
n1 n2. Kt qu ghi li vo bit u trong ngn xp.
58 OW<= n1,n2
(5)
vi gi tr logic 1 nu hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1
n2. Kt qu c ghi li vo bit u trong ngn xp.


TT Tn lnh M t
59 OW= n1,n2
(5)
vi gi tr logic 1 nu hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1 =
60 OW>= n1,n2
(5)
vi gi tr logic 1 nu hai t n1 v n2 tho mn n1
61 RET
(1) (3) (4)
Lnh thot khi chng trnh con v tr iu khin
chng trnh gi n.
62 RETI
(2) (3) (4)
Lnh thot khi chng trnh x l ngt (interrupt)
v tr iu khin chng trnh chnh.
3.2. Cc lnh c iu kin
63 *R IN1,
IN2
(5)
Thc hin php nhn hai s thc (32bit) IN1 v IN2.
Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2.
64 /R IN1,
IN2
(5)
Thc hin php chia hai s thc (32bit) IN1 v IN2.
65 +D IN1,
IN2
Thc hin php cng hai s nguyn kiu t kp IN1
v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2.
66 +I IN1,
IN2
Thc hin php cng hai s nguyn kiu t IN1 v
IN2. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2.
67 +R IN1,
IN2
(5)
Thc hin php cng hai s thc (32bit) IN1 v IN2.
68 ANDD IN1,
IN2
Thc hin ton t AND gia cc gi tr kiu t kp
IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2.
69 ANDW IN1,
IN2
Thc hin ton t AND gia cc gi tr kiu t IN1 v
70 ATCH INT,
EVENT
Khai bo chng trnh x l ngt INT theo kiu
EVENT
71 ATH IN,
OUT,
LEN
Bin i mt su k t t m ASCII t v tr IN (kiu
byte) vi di LEN (kiu byte) sang m hexa (c s
16) v ghi vo mng k t byte OUT.
72 ATT DATA
TABLE
Ni mt gi tr kiu t DATA (2 byte) vo bng
TABLE.


TT Tn lnh M t
73 BCDI IN Bin i mt gi tr t m BCD c di 2 byte sang
kiu nguyn. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN.
74 BMB IN,
OUT,N
Sao chp mt mng gm N byte k t v tr u IN
(byte) vo mng c v tr l OUT (kiu byte)
75 BMW IN,
OUT,N
Sao chp mt mng t (2 byte) vi di N (1 byte)
v v tr u IN (2 byte) vo mng c v tr u OUT
(2 byte).
76 CALL n
(1) (6)
Gi chng trnh con c nh nhn n.
77 CRET
(1)(3)(4)
Kt thc mt chng trnh con v tr iu khin v
chng trnh gi n.
78 CRETI
(2)(3)(4)
Kt thc mt chng trnh x l ngt v tr iu
khin v chng trnh chnh.
79 -D IN1,
IN2
Thc hin php tr hai s nguyn kiu t kp IN1 v
80 DECD IN Gim gi tr ca t kp IN i mt n v.

81 DECO IN,
OUT
Gii m gi tr ca mt byte IN sau gn gi tr 1
vo bit ca t OUT (2 byte) c ch s l IN.
82 DECW IN Gim gi tr ca t IN i mt n v.
83 DISI
(1)
V hiu ho tt c cc ngt (interrupt).
84 DIV IN1,
IN2
Chia s nguyn 16 bit, c xc nh l t thp ca
IN2 (kiu t kp), cho IN1 kiu t. Kt qu c ghi
li vo t IN2.
85 DTCH EVENT V hiu ho mt ngt kiu EVENT.
86 DTR IN,
OUT
(5)
Chuyn i mt s nguyn 32 bit IN c du sang
thnh mt s thc 32 bit OUT.
87 ENCO IN,
OUI
Chuyn i ch s ca bit thp nht c gi tr logic 1
trong t IN sang thnh mt s nguyn v ghi vo bit
cui ca byte OUT.
88 ENI
(1)
t tt c cc ngt vo ch tch cc.
89 FIFO
TABLE,
DATA
(5)
Ly gi tr c cho vo u tin ra khi bng v
chuyn n n vng d liu DATA c ch dn
trong lnh.
90 FILL IN,
OUT,N
gi tr t IN vo mt mng nh gm N t (N c
kiu byte) bt u t v tr OUT (kiu t).


TT Tn lnh M t
91 FND< SRC,
PATRR
INDX
(5)
Xc nh v tr nh trong bng SRC (kiu t), k t
cho bi INDX (kiu t, =0 nu t u bng ) m
gi tr nh hn gi tr ca PATRN (kiu t).
92 FND<> SRC,
PATRR
INDX
(5)
cho bi INDX (kiu t, =0 nu t u bng ) m
gi tr khc gi tr ca PATRN (kiu t).
93 FND= SRC,
PATRR
INDX
(5)
cho bi INDX (kiu t, =0 nu t u bng) m
gi tr bng gi tr ca PATRN (kiu t).
94 FND> SRC,
PATRR
INDX
(5)
cho bi INDX (kiu t, =0 nu t u bng) m
gi tr ln hn gi tr ca PATRN (kiu t).
95 FOR
INDEX
INITIAL
FINAL
(1)5
Thc hin cc lnh nm gia FOR v NEXT theo
kiu xoay vng vi b m s vng INDEX (kiu t),
bt u t vng s INITIAL (kiu t) v kt thc ti
vng FINAL (t).
96 HDEF HSC,
MODE
(1)
Xc nh kiu thut ton MODE cho b m tc
cao HSC (byte).
97 HSC n a b m tc cao s n vo trng thi tch cc.
98 HTA IN,
OUT,
LEN
Chuyn i mt s h hexa IN (kiu byte) thnh dy
k t m ASCII v ghi vo mng byte bt u bng
byte OUT vi d di LEN (kiu byte).
99 -I IN1,
IN2
Thc hin php tr hai s nguyn kiu t IN1 v IN2.
100 IBCD IN Chuyn i gi tr nguyn IN (kiu t) thnh gi tr
BCD v ghi li vo IN.
101 INCD IN Tng gi tr ca t kp IN ln mt n v.
102 INCW IN Tng gi tr ca t IN ln mt n v.
103 INT n
(1)(2)(4)
Khai bo nhn n cho chng trnh x l ngt.
104 INVD IN Ly phn b kiu mt (o gi tr logic ca cc bit)
ca mt t kp IN v ghi li vo IN.
105 JMP xx Chuyn iu khin vo nh nh bng nhn xx
trong chng trnh c khai bo bi lnh LBL.
106 LBL xx t nhn xx trong chng trnh, nh hng cho lnh
nhy JMP.
TT Tn lnh M t


107 LIFO
TABLE,
DATA
(5)
Ly gi tr c cho vo bng sau cng ra khi
bng TABLE v chuyn n n vng d liu DATA
(kiu t).
108 MOVB IN,
OUT
Sao gi tr ca byte IN sang byte OUT.
109 MOVD IN,
OUT
Sao gi tr ca t kp IN sang t kp OUT.
110 MOVR IN,
OUT
(5)
Sao s thc IN sang OUT.
111 MOVW IN,
OUT
Sao gi tr ca t IN sang t OUT.
112 MUL IN1,
IN2
Nhn hai s nguyn 16 bit IN1 vi hai byte thp ca
s nguyn 32 bit IN2 sau ghi li kt qu vo IN2.
113 NETR
TABLE,
PORT
(5)
Khi to truyn thng c d liu t ngoi vi qua
cng PORT vo bng TABLE.
114 NETW
TABLE,
PORT
(5)
Khi to truyn thng ghi d liu ca bng
TABLE ra ngoi vi qua cng PORT.
115 NEXT
(1)(5)(7)
Lnh kt thc vng lp FOR ... NEXT.
116 NOP Lnh rng.
117 ORD IN1,
IN2
Thc hin ton t OR cho hai t kp IN1 v IN2, sau
ghi kt qu li vo IN2.
118 ORW IN1,
IN2
Thc hin ton t OR cho hai t IN1 v IN2, sau
ghi kt qu li vo IN2.
119 PLS xx
(5)
a b pht xung nhanh c nh ngha trong b
nh c bit vo trng thi tch cc. Xung c a ra
cng Qx.x.
120 R S_BIT,n Xo mt mng gm n bit k t a ch S_BIT (kiu
bit).
121 -R IN1,
IN2
(5)
Thc hin php tr hai s thc (32bit) IN1 v IN2.
122 RI S_BIT,n Xo tc thi mt mng gm n bit k t a ch S_BIT.
123 RLD IN, n Quay trn t kp IN sang tri n bit.
124 RLW IN, n Quay trn t IN sang tri n bit.
125 RRD IN, n Quay trn t kp IN sang phi n bit.
TT Tn lnh M t
126 RRW IN, n Quay trn t IN sang phi n bit.


127 S S_BIT,n t gi tr logic 1 vo mt mng n bit k t a ch
S_BIT.
128 SBR n
(1)(2)(4)
Khai bo nhn n cho chng trnh con.
129 SEG IN,
OUT
Chuyn i gi tr ca 4 bit thp trong byte IN sang
thnh m tng ng cho thanh ghi 7 nt v ghi vo
OUT
130 SHRB DATA,
S_BIT,n
Dch thanh ghi gm n bit c bit thp nht l S_BIT
sang tri nu n>0, hoc sang phi nu n<0. Gi tr ca
bit DATA c a vo bit trng ca thanh ghi sau
khi dch (bit S_BIT nu n>0, hoc bit S_BIT nu n<0)
131 SI S_BIT,n t tc thi gi tr logic 1 vo mng n bit k t bit
S_BIT.
132 SLD IN,n Dch t kp IN sang tri mt bit.
133 SLW IN,n Dch t IN sang tri mt bit.
134 SQRT IN,
OUT
(5)
Ly cn bc hai ca s thc 32 bit IN v ghi kt qu
vo OUT (32bit).
135 SRD IN,n Dch t kp IN sang phi mt bit.
136 SRW IN,n Dch t IN sang phi mt bit.
137 STOP Dng mm chng trnh.
138 SWAP IN i ch hai bit u tin v cui cng ca byte IN cho
nhau.
139 TODR T
(5)
c gi v ngy thng sau hin thi t ng h v ghi
vo b m 8 byte u l T.
140 TODW T
(5)
Ghi vo ng h gi tr thi gian, ngy, thng t b
m 8 byte vi byte u l T.
141 TON Txx,
PT
Khi ng b pht thi gian tr Txx vi thi gian tr
t trc l tch ca PT (kiu t) v phn gii ca
b thi gian Txx c chn.
142 TONR Txx,
PT
Khi ng b pht thi gian tr c nh Txx vi thi
gian tr t trc l tch ca PT (kiu t) v phn
gii ca b thi gian Txx c chn.
143 TRUNG IN,
OUT
(5)
Chuyn i mt s thc 32 bit IN thnh mt s
nguyn 32 bit c u v ghi vo OUT.
144 WDR t chun li b pht xung kim tra.
TT Tn lnh M t


145 XMT
TABLE,
PORT
Truyn ni dung ca bng TABLE n cng PORT.
146 XORD IN1,
IN2
Thc hin ton t exclusive OR cho cc bit ca hai t
kp IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2.
147 XORW IN1,
IN2
Thc hin ton t exclusive OR cho cc bit ca hai t
IN1 v IN2. Kt qu c ghi li vo IN2.
(1)
Nhng lnh khng thc hin c trong chng trnh x l ngt. Lnh
INT ch c th l lnh bt u ca chng trnh x l ngt.
(2)
Nhng lnh khng thc hin c trong chng trnh con. Lnh SBR ch
c th l lnh bt u ca chng trnh con.
(3)
Nhng lnh c km chc nng ghi li ni dung ca ngn xp trc .
(4)
Nhng lnh khng s dng c trong chng trnh chnh.
(5)
Nhng lnh ch c trong CPU 214.
(6)
Ghi nh li ni dung tc thi ca ngn xp. t TOS ln 1 v gn gi tr
logic 0 vo cc bit cn li ca ngn xp.
(7)
t TOS ln 1.



4. Bng lnh ca PLC - S7-300 (Siemens-Ty c)
TT Tn lnh M t
1 + n Cng vi hng s c vit im n.
2 = n Ni dung ca RLO hin hnh c gn cho i tng
n.
3 ) Dng ng ngoc biu thc m ngoc trc ,
lnh ny khng c i tng.
4 +AR1 n Cng ni dung ca ACCU1 hoc ni dung ti con tr n
vi ni dung c a ch thanh ghi 1.
5 +AR2 n Cng ni dung ca ACCU1 hoc ni dung ti con tr n
vi ni dung c a ch thanh ghi 2.
6 +D Cng 2 s nguyn 32 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt
qu ACCU 1.
7 -D Tr s nguyn 32 bit ACCU2 cho s nguyn 32 bit
ACCU1, kt qu ACCU1.
8 *D Nhn 2 s nguyn 32 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt
qu ACCU1.
9 /D Chia s nguyn 32 bit ACCU2 cho s nguyn 32 bit
ACCU1, kt qu ACCU1.
10 ==D So snh hai s nguyn 32 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2 c
bng nhau khng.
11 <>D So snh hai s nguyn 32 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2
xem c khc nhau khng.
12 >D So snh s nguyn 32 bit ACCU2 c ln hn s
nguyn 32 bit ACCU1 khng.
13 <D So snh s nguyn 32 bit ACCU2 c nh hn s
14 >=D So snh s nguyn 32 bit ACCU2 c ln hn hay
bng s nguyn 32 bit ACCU1 khng.
15 <=D So snh s nguyn 32 bit ACCU2 c nh hn hay
16 +I Cng 2 s nguyn 16 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt
qu ACCU1.
17 -I Tr s nguyn 16 bit ACCU2 cho s nguyn 16 bit
ACCU1, kt qu ACCU1.



TT Tn lnh M t
18 *I Nhn 2 s nguyn 16 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt
qu ACCU1.
19 /I Chia s nguyn 16 bit ACCU2 cho s nguyn 16 bit
ACCU1, kt qu ACCU1.
20 ==I So snh hai s nguyn 16 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2 c
bng nhau khng.
21 <>I So snh hai s nguyn 16 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2
xem c khc nhau khng.
22 >I So snh s nguyn 16 bit ACCU2 c ln hn s
23 <I So snh s nguyn 16 bit ACCU2 c nh hn s
24 >=I So snh s nguyn 16 bit ACCU2 c ln hn hay
25 <=I So snh s nguyn 16 bit ACCU2 c nh hn hay
26 +R Cng 2 s thc 32 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu
ACCU1.
27 -R Tr s thc 32 bit ACCU2 cho s thc 32 bit
ACCU1, kt qu ACCU1.
28 *R Nhn 2 s thc 32 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2, kt qu
ACCU1.
29 /R Chia s thc 32 bit ACCU2 cho s thc 32 bit
ACCU1, kt qu ACCU1.
30 ==R So snh hai s thc 32 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2 c
bng nhau khng.
31 <>R So snh hai s thc 32 bit ACCU1 v ACCU2 xem
c khc nhau khng.
32 >R So snh s thc 32 bit ACCU2 c ln hn s thc 32
bit ACCU1 khng.
33 <R So snh s thc 32 bit ACCU2 c nh hn s thc
32 bit ACCU1 khng.
34 >=R So snh s thc 32 bit ACCU2 c ln hn hay bng
s thc 32 bit ACCU1 khng.
35 <=R So snh s thc 32 bit ACCU2 c nh hn hay bng
s thc 32 bit ACCU1 khng.


TT Tn lnh M t
36 A n Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi
tr ca im n (n v bit) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu
ghi vo RLO.
37 A( Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung trong RLO vi
php ton trong ngoc (c ng ngoc), kt qu php
ton np vo RLO.
38 ABS Ly gi tr tuyt i ca s thc 32 bit.
39 AD Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung trong ACCU1 v
ACCU2, kt qu ACCU1 (32 bit).
40 AN n Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi
tr nghch o ca im n (n v bit) ch dn trong
lnh, kt qu ghi vo RLO.
41 AN( Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi
tr nghch o ca biu thc trong ngoc (c ng
ngoc), kt qu ghi vo RLO.
42 AW Thc hin lnh AND gia ni dung trong ACCU1 v
43 BEC Lnh kt thc c iu kin gia khi (RLO=1)
44 BEU Lnh kt thc khi khng iu kin, khng ph thuc
RLO.
45 BLD Hin th lnh ca chng trnh.
46 BTD Chuyn s dng m BCD sang s nguyn 32 bit.
47 BTI Chuyn s dng m BCD sang s nguyn 16 bit.
48 CAD i th t byte trong ACCU1 (32 bit).
49 CAR Chuyn ni dung thanh ghi 1 vi ni dung thanh ghi 2.
50 CAW i th t byte trong ACCU1 (16 bit)
51 CALL Lnh gi khi.
52 CC Lnh gi khi c iu kin.
53 CD S m gim 1 n v ti sn ln ca RLO sau
khng ph thuc RLO na.
54 CDB Chuyn khi d liu chung thnh khi d liu ring.
55 CLR Xo RLO (RLO = 0)
56 CU S m tng 1 n v ti sn ln ca RLO sau
khng ph thuc RLO na.


TT Tn lnh M t
57 DEC Gim ni dung trong ACCU1 i mt n v.
58 DTB i s nguyn 32 bit thnh s dng m BCD.
59 DTR i s nguyn 32 bit thnh s thc.
60 FN Chn ly sn m ca RLO.
61 FP Chn ly sn dng ca RLO.
62 FR T Khi to b thi gian TIME c khi khng c bin i
sn khi ng b thi gian.
63 FR C Khi to b m COUTER c khi khng c bin i
sn t mt b m m ln hoc m xung.
64 INC Tng s trong ACCU1 ln mt n v.
65 INVD Ly phn b mt ca s nguyn 32 bit.
66 INVI Ly phn b mt ca s nguyn 16 bit.
67 ITB i s nguyn 16 bit thnh s dng m BCD.
68 ITD i s nguyn 16 bit thnh s nguyn 32 bit.
69 JBI n Nhy sang lm vic nhn n nu BR = 1.
70 JC n Nhy sang lm vic nhn n nu RLO =1.
71 JCB n Nhy sang lm vic nhn n nu RLO =1 v BR = 1.
72 JCN n Nhy sang lm vic nhn n nu RLO =0.
73 JL n Nhy n nhn ghi n.
74 JM Nhy nu kt qu l m (CC1 = 0, CC0 = 1).
75 JMZ Nhy nu kt qu l m hoc bng khng (CC1 = 0
hoc 0, CC0 = 0 hoc 1).
76 JN Nhy nu kt qu l khc khng (CC1 = 1 hoc 0, CC0
= 0 hoc 1).
77 JNB n Nhy sang lm vic nhn n nu RLO =0 v BR = 0.
78 JNBI n Nhy sang lm vic nhn n nu BR = 0.
79 JO n Nhy sang lm vic nhn nu VO = 1.
80 JOS n Nhy sang lm vic khi n nu OS = 0.
81 JP Nhy nu kt qu l dng (CC1 = 1, CC0 = 0).
82 JPZ Nhy nu kt qu l ln hn hoc bng khng (CC1 =
0 hoc 1, CC0 = 0 hoc 0).



TT Tn lnh M t
83 JU n Nhy sang lm vic nhn n, khng ph thuc RLO
v RLO khng b nh hng.
84 JUO Nhy nu (CC1 = 1, CC0 = 1).
85 JZ Nhy nu kt qu l khng (CC1 = 0, CC0 = 0).
86 L n Ni dung ca i tng lnh (n v byte) c sao
chp vo ACCU1 khng ph thuc vo RLO, ni dung
trc ca ACCU1 chuyn sang ACCU2.
87 L C Np gi tr tc thi (s nguyn) ca b m vo
ACCU1
88 L T Np gi tr tc thi (s nguyn) ca b thi gian vo
ACCU1.
89 L DBLG Np di ca khi d liu DB vo ACCU1.
90 L DBNO Np s ca khi d liu DB vo ACCU1.
91 L DILG Np di ca khi d liu DI vo ACCU1.
92 L DINO Np s ca khi d liu DI vo ACCU1.
93 L STW Np t trng thi vo ACCU1.
94 LAR1 Np a ch vo thanh ghi 1 t ACCU1.
95 LAR1 n Np a ch vo thanh ghi 1 t v tr n ghi trong lnh.
96 LAR1 AR2 Np a ch vo thanh ghi 1 t thanh ghi 2.
97 LAR1 P# Np vo thanh ghi 1 t a ch ti con tr (s thc
kp).
98 LAR2 Np a ch vo thanh ghi 2 t ACCU1.
99 LAR2 n Np a ch vo thanh ghi 2 t v tr n ghi trong lnh.
100 LAR2 P# Np vo thanh ghi 2 t a ch ti con tr (s thc
kp).
101 LC C Np s m hin thi dng m BCD vo ACCU1.
102 LC T Np gi tr thi gian hin thi dng m BCD vo
ACCU1.
103 LOOP n Lp li t nhn n.
104 MCR( Ct kt qu ca php tnh logic vo vng MCR.
105 )MCR Kt thc vng MCR.
106 MCRA Kch hot vng MCR.
107 MCRD Thi kch hot vng MCR.


TT Tn lnh M t
108 MOD Php chia ly phn d ca s nguyn 32 bit ACCU2
cho s nguyn 32 bit ACCU1, kt qu ACCU1.
109 NEGD Ly s b hai ca s nguyn 32 bit.
110 NEGI Ly s b hai ca s nguyn 16 bit.
111 NEGR Ly du m cho s thc 32 bit.
114 NOT t trng thi khng cho RLO.
115 O n Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr
ca im n (n v bit) ch dn trong lnh, kt qu ghi
vo RLO.
116 O( Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung trong RLO vi php
ton trong ngoc (c ng ngoc), kt qu php ton
np vo RLO.
117 OD Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung trong ACCU1 v
118 ON n Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr
nghch o ca im n (n v bit) ch dn trong lnh,
kt qu ghi vo RLO.
119 ON( Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung ca RLO vi gi tr
nghch o php ton trong ngoc (c ng ngoc), kt
qu ghi vo RLO.
120 OPN M khi d liu.
121 OW Thc hin lnh OR gia ni dung trong ACCU1 v
122 POP Chuyn ni dung ACCU2 sang ACCU1.
123 PUSH Chuyn ni dung ACCU1 sang ACCU2.
124 R n Nu ni dung ca RLO l 1 th trng thi tn hiu 0 s
c gn cho i tng n v trng thi ny khng thay
i khi RLO thay i.
125 R T Xo b thi gian nu RLO = 1
126 R C Xo b m nu RLO = 1
127 RLD n Quay trn t kp ACCU1 sang tri n bit.



TT Tn lnh M t
128 RLDA Quay trn t kp ACCU1 sang tri 1 bit qua CC 1.
129 RND i s thc 32 bit thnh s nguyn 32 bit (b phn
thp phn).
130 RND+ i s thc 32 bit thnh s nguyn 32 bit, nu l s
dng th lm trn tng, l s m th b phn thp
phn.
131 RND- i s thc 32 bit thnh s nguyn 32 bit, nu l s
m th lm trn tng, l s dng th b phn thp
phn.
132 RRD n Quay trn t kp ACCU1 sang phi n bit.
133 RRDA Quay trn t kp ACCU1 sang phi 1 bit qua CC 1.
134 S n Nu ni dung RLO l 1 th trng thi tn hiu 1 s
c gn cho i tng n v trng thi ny khng thay
i khi RLO thay i.
135 S C t b m nu RLO = 1
136 SAVE Ct kt qu ca php tnh logic vo thanh ghi BR.
137 SD B thi gian chm sau sn ln ca RLO mt khong
bng thi gian t, khi RLO v 0 th b thi gian v
khng ngay.
138 SE B thi gian ln 1 khi RLO chuyn t 0 ln 1 (sn
ln) v duy tr thi gian t, khng ph thuc RLO
na.
139 SET t RLO =1
140 SF B thi gian ln 1 ti sn ln ca RLO, khi RLO v
khng th b thi gian cn duy tr mt khong thi
gian bng thi gian t.
141 SLD n Dch t kp trong ACCU1 sang tri n bit hoc s bit
dch c np vo ACCU2.
142 SLW n Dch t n trong ACCU1 sang tri n bit hoc s bit
dch c np vo ACCU2.
143 SP B thi gian ln 1 khi RLO chuyn t 0 ln 1 (sn
ln) v duy tr cho n khi t thi gian t
(RLO=1), khi RLO =0 th b thi gian v 0 ngay.
144 SRD n Dch t kp trong ACCU1 sang phi n bit hoc s bit
dch c np vo ACCU2.



TT Tn lnh M t
145 SRW n Dch t n trong ACCU1 sang phi n bit hoc s bit
dch c np vo ACCU2.
146 SS B thi gian chm sau sn ln ca RLO mt khong
bng thi gian t v khng ph thuc RLO na, n
ch v khng khi c lnh xo R.
147 SSD n Dch s nguyn 32 bit trong ACCU1 sang phi n bit
hoc s bit dch c np vo ACCU2, cc bit trng
c chn bit du ca s nguyn.
148 SSI n Dch s nguyn 16 bit trong ACCU1 sang phi n bit
hoc s bit dch c np vo ACCU2, cc bit trng
c chn bit du ca s nguyn.

149 T n Ni dung ca ACCU1 truyn cho i tng n (n v
byte) khng ph thuc RLO, v d truyn cho vng
m u ra.
150 T STW Truyn t trng thi ti ACCU1.
151 TAK Lnh trao i ni dung trong ACCU1 v ACCU2.
152 TAR1 Truyn a ch trong thanh ghi 1 n ACCU1.
153 TAR1 n Truyn a ch trong thanh ghi 1 n v tr c ch
trong lnh.
154 TAR1 AR2 Truyn a ch trong thanh ghi 1 n thanh ghi 2.
155 TAR2 Truyn a ch trong thanh ghi 2 n ACCU1.
156 TAR2 n Truyn a ch trong thanh ghi 2 n v tr c ch
trong lnh.
157 TRUNC Chuyn s thc 32 bit trong ACCU1 thnh s nguyn
32 bit c du.
158 UC Lnh gi khi khng iu kin.
159 X n Thc hin lnh OR (c bit) gia ni dung ca RLO
vi gi tr ca im n (n v bit) ch dn trong lnh,
kt qu ghi vo RLO.
160 X( Thc hin lnh OR (c bit) gia ni dung trong
RLO vi php ton trong ngoc (c ng ngoc), kt
qu php ton np vo RLO.
161 XN n Thc hin lnh OR (c bit) gia ni dung ca RLO
vi gi tr nghch o ca im n, kt qu ghi vo
RLO.


TT Tn lnh M t
162 XN( Thc hin lnh OR (c bit) gia ni dung ca RLO
vi gi tr nghch o php ton trong ngoc (c ng
ngoc), kt qu ghi vo RLO.
163 XOD Thc hin lnh OR (c bit) gia cc bit ca hai t
kp.
164 XOW Thc hin lnh OR (c bit) gia cc bit ca hai t
n.

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GIO TRNH H THNG IU KHIN LP TRNH 2007

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