LapTrinhCoSoDuLieuVoi CSharp Phan 2

Chng 7: Kt ni ti mt C s d liu
S DNG I TNG SqlConnection KT NI VI C S D LIU

SQLSEVER

Ti System.Data.SqlClient namespace vo project
B khi to: SqlConnection()
1: SqlConnection()
2: SqlConnection(string connectionString)
Khi to mt i tng mi SqlConnection bng pht biu sau:
SqlConnection mySqlConnection = new SqlConnection();
mySqlConnection.ConnectionString =
"server=localhost;database=Northwind;uid=sa;pwd=sa";
server ch nh tn my tnh c trinh SqlServer ang chy.
database ch nh tn c s d liu
uid tn ti khan
pwd m n nhp
ch : ch thit lp connectionString khi i tng kt ni ca bn ng
KT NI TRC TIP:
string connectionString =
SqlConnection mySqlConnection = new SqlConnection(connectionString);

KT NI N GIN:

SqlConnection mySqlConnection =
new SqlConnection("server=localhost;database=Northwind;uid=sa;pwd=sa");

THI GIAN CH KT NI (connection timeout)

"server=localhost;database=Northwind;uid=sa;pwd=sa;" +
"connection timeout=10";

CH : mc nh connection timeout = 15 giy
connection timeout = 0 ch i v thi hn (nn trnh thit lp ny)

KT NI S DNG QUYN NG NHP H THNG:

"server=localhost;database=Northwind;integrated security=SSPI";

M V NG MT KT NI:

mySqlConnection.Open();

mySqlConnection.Close();

TH D V KT NI:

Listing 7.1: MYSQLCONNECTION.CS
/*
MySqlConnection.cs illustrates how to use a
SqlConnection object to connect to a SQL Server database
*/

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;

class MySqlConnection
{
public static void Main()
{
// formulate a string containing the details of the
// database connection

// create a SqlConnection object to connect to the
// database, passing the connection string to the constructor
new SqlConnection(connectionString);

// open the database connection using the
// Open() method of the SqlConnection object

// display the properties of the SqlConnection object
Console.WriteLine("mySqlConnection.ConnectionString = "+
mySqlConnection.ConnectionString);
Console.WriteLine("mySqlConnection.ConnectionTimeout = "+
mySqlConnection.ConnectionTimeout);
Console.WriteLine("mySqlConnection.Database = "+
mySqlConnection.Database);
Console.WriteLine("mySqlConnection.DataSource = "+
mySqlConnection.DataSource);
Console.WriteLine("mySqlConnection.PacketSize = "+
mySqlConnection.PacketSize);
Console.WriteLine("mySqlConnection.ServerVersion = "+
mySqlConnection.ServerVersion);
Console.WriteLine("mySqlConnection.State = "+
mySqlConnection.State);
Console.WriteLine("mySqlConnection.WorkstationId = "+
mySqlConnection.WorkstationId);

// close the database connection using the Close() method
// of the SqlConnection object
}
}
The output from this program is as follows:
mySqlConnection.ConnectionString = server=localhost;database=Northwind;uid=sa;
mySqlConnection.ConnectionTimeout = 15
mySqlConnection.Database = Northwind
mySqlConnection.DataSource = localhost
mySqlConnection.PacketSize = 8192
mySqlConnection.ServerVersion = 08.00.0194
mySqlConnection.State = Open
mySqlConnection.WorkstationId = JMPRICE-DT1

B NHM NHNG KT NI(CONNECTION POOLING)

S m v ng kt ni tiu ph nhiu thi gian . do d ADO .NET t ng lu gi nhng kt ni trong
Mt b cha , n cung cp mt s ci tin ln v thc thi kt ni . bn khng cn ch i mt kt ni
Trng n c s d liu trong khi mt kt ni c hiu lc. Khi bn ng mt kt ni , n cha thc s
ng , kt ni ca bn c nh du l cha dng n v c d tr trong mt b cha, sn sng s
dng tr li
Sau nu bn cung cp chi tit kt ni tng t trong connection string ( database name, uid, password)
th kt ni d tr trong pool s c khi phc v bn tip tc s dng n truy cp d liu

Khi s dng i tong Sqlconnection bn c th bn c th ch nh s lng kt ni ln nht cho php
trong pool bng cch ch nh Max pool size (mc nh l 100) v Min pool Size .

new SqlConnection("server=localhost;database=Northwind;uid=sa;pwd=sa;" +
"max pool size=10;min pool size=5");

Listing 7.2: CONNECTIONPOOLING.CS

/*
ConnectionPooling.cs illustrates connection pooling
*/

using System;
using System.Data;

class ConnectionPooling
{
{
// create a SqlConnection object to connect to the database,
// setting max pool size to 10 and min pool size to 5
new SqlConnection("server=localhost;database=Northwind;uid=sa;pwd=sa;" +
"max pool size=10;min pool size=5");

// open the SqlConnection object 10 times
for (int count = 1; count <= 10; count++)
{
Console.WriteLine("count = "+ count);

// create a DateTime object and set it to the
// current date and time
DateTime start = DateTime.Now;


// subtract the current date and time from the start,
// storing the difference in a TimeSpan
TimeSpan timeTaken = DateTime.Now - start;

// display the number of milliseconds taken to open
// the connection
Console.WriteLine("Milliseconds = "+ timeTaken.Milliseconds);

// display the connection state
Console.WriteLine("mySqlConnection.State = "+
mySqlConnection.State);

// close the database connection using the Close() method
// of the SqlConnection object
}
}
}
count = 1
Milliseconds = 101
count = 2
Milliseconds = 0
count = 3
Milliseconds = 0
count = 4
Milliseconds = 0
count = 5
Milliseconds = 0
count = 6
Milliseconds = 0
count = 7
Milliseconds = 0
count = 8
Milliseconds = 0
count = 9
Milliseconds = 0
count = 10
Milliseconds = 0

TRUY XUT TRANG THAI CA I TNG KT NI:

Bn s dng thuc tnh state ca kt ni lt thng tin v trng thi hin ti ca kt ni n c s d
liu, thuc tnh state tr v mt hng t bng lit k connectionstate.
Table 7.4: ConnectionState CONSTANTS
TN HNG M T
Broken Hng kt ni. iu ny sy ra sau khi bn m i tng kt ni. bn c th ng kt ni v m
li
Closed Kt ni ng.
Connecting Kt ni ang thit lp s truy cp n c s d liu.
Executing Kt ni ang thc thi mt lnh (command).
Fetching Kt ni ang nhn thng tin t c s d liu.
Open Kt ni ang m.

Th d sau y s dng thuc tnh state kim tra trang thi kt ni c phi ang ng khng trc
khi m kt ni

if (mySqlConnection.State == ConnectionState.Closed)
{
}

S DNG CC BIN C CA I TNG KT NI:

Nhng lp kt ni c hai bin c hu ch: StateChange v InfoMessage.

BIN C StateChange:

Bin c StateChange pht ra khi trng thi cua kt ni thay i, bn c th s dng bin c ny
theo di trng thi ca i tng kt ni.

Phng thc nm gi mt bin c c bit nh mt b s l s kin (event handler ).
Bn gi phng thc ny khi mt s kin c trng c tung ra. Tt c cc phng thc s l bin c u
phi tr v mt gi tr void v nhn hai tham s. tham s th nht l mt i tng ( ca lp
System.Object), v n i din cho i tng pht ra bin c.

Ch : lp System.Oject l lp c s ca tt c cc lp. ni cch khc , tt c cc lp u bt ngun t lp
System.Object.

Tham s Second l mt i tng ca lp bt ngun t lp System.EventArgs .
lp System.EventArgs l lp c s nm gi d liu v bin c v m t nhng chi tit v bin c. trong
trng hp ca bin c StateChange , i tng Second ny l thuc v lp
StateChangeEventArgs

Th d di y nh ngha mt phng thc tn StateChangeHandler s l bin c StateChange .
ch rng tham s Second cho phng thc ny l i tng
StateChangeEventArgs. Bn ly thng tin trng thi nguyn thy ca kt ni s dng thuc tnh
OriginalStatae ca i tng ny, v thng tin trng thi hin ti s dng thuc tnh
CurrentState.

public static void StateChangeHandler(object mySender, StateChangeEventArgs myEvent)
{
Console.WriteLine("mySqlConnection State has changed from "+
myEvent.OriginalState + "to "+ myEvent.CurrentState
);
theo di mt bin c, bn phi ng k phng thc s l bin c (event handler method)
Vi bin c . th d: pht biu di y ng k phng thc s l bin c _
StateChangeHandler() vi bin c StateChange ca i tng mySqlConnection

NG K MT PHNG THC S L BIN C:

mySqlConnection.StateChange +=
new StateChangeEventHandler(StateChangeHandler);
bt c khi no bin c StateChange pht khi , th phng thc StateChangeHandler() s c gi, , th
phng thc StateChangeHandler() s c gi, n hin th trng thi hin ti ca i tng
mySqlConnection

/*
StateChange.cs illustrates how to use the StateChange event
*/

using System;
using System.Data;

class StateChange
{
// define the StateChangeHandler() method to handle the
// StateChange event
public static void StateChangeHandler(
object mySender, StateChangeEventArgs myEvent)
{
Console.WriteLine("mySqlConnection State has changed from "+
myEvent.OriginalState + "to "+
myEvent.CurrentState);
}

{
// create a SqlConnection object

// monitor the StateChange event using the StateChangeHandler() method
mySqlConnection.StateChange +=
new StateChangeEventHandler(StateChangeHandler);

// open mySqlConnection, causing the State to change from Closed
// to Open
Console.WriteLine("Calling mySqlConnection.Open()");

// close mySqlConnection, causing the State to change from Open
// to Closed
Console.WriteLine("Calling mySqlConnection.Close()");
}
}

Calling mySqlConnection.Open()
mySqlConnection State has changed from Closed to Open
Calling mySqlConnection.Close()
mySqlConnection State has changed from Open to Closed

BIN C InforMessage :

Bin c InfoMessage khi pht khi c s d liu tr v mt thng tin cnh bo to ra t c s d liu.
Bn s dng bin c InfoMessage theo di nhng thng bo ny. c c nhng thng bo ny ,
bn c ni dung ca tp hp li (Errors collection) t i tng SqlInfoMessageEventArgs.

Bn c th cung cp thng tin v thng bo li nh s dng SQL Server PRINT hoc nhng pht biu
RAISEERROR, c m t trong chng 4, gii thiu v lp trnh Transact-SQL.

Phng thc InfoMessageHandler() di y c s dng s l bin c InfoMessage . ch rng s
s dng tp hp ERRORS (Errors collection) hin th thng bo.

public static void InfoMessageHandler(object mySender, SqlInfoMessageEventArgs myEvent)
{
Console.WriteLine("The following message was produced:\n" +myEvent.Errors[0]);
}

Ch thch : nu bn ang s dng nhng b cung cp qun l OLE DB, bn thay th
SqlInfoMessageEventArgs vi OleDbInfoMessageEventArgs.nu bn ang s dng b cung cp qun
l ODBC , bn thay th SqlInfoMessageEventArgs vi OdbcInfoMessageEventArgs..

Listing 7.4: INFOMESSAGE.CS

/*
InfoMessage.cs minh ha s dng bin c InfoMessage nh th no
*/

using System;
using System.Data;
class InfoMessage
{
// nh ngha phng thc InfoMessageHandler() s l s c
// InfoMessage event
public static void InfoMessageHandler(
object mySender, SqlInfoMessageEventArgs myEvent)
{
Console.WriteLine("The following message was produced:\n" +
myEvent.Errors[0]);
}

{
// create a SqlConnection object

// monitor the InfoMessage event using the InfoMessageHandler() method
mySqlConnection.InfoMessage +=
new SqlInfoMessageEventHandler(InfoMessageHandler);

// open mySqlConnection

// create a SqlCommand object
SqlCommand mySqlCommand = mySqlConnection.CreateCommand();

// run a PRINT statement
mySqlCommand.CommandText =
"PRINT 'This is the message from the PRINT statement'";
mySqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();

// run a RAISERROR statement
"RAISERROR('This is the message from the RAISERROR statement', 10, 1)";

// close mySqlConnection
}
}

The following message was produced:
System.Data.SqlClient.SqlError: This is the message from the PRINT statement
The following message was produced:
System.Data.SqlClient.SqlError: This is the message from the RAISERROR statement

TO MT I TNG KT NI S DNG VISUAL STUDIO .NET

to mt i tng kt ni s dng Visual Studio .NET, bn ko mt i tng SqlConnection
T tab data trong toolbox n form ca bn . bn s gi li mt i tng kt ni (SqlConnection)
Cho php bn kt ni vi c s d liu SQL Server. Bn cng c th lm tng t vi i tng
OleDbConnection kt ni vi c s d liu OLE DB.

Hnh 7.1 : to mt i tng SqlConnection vi Visual Studio .NET

Mt khi bn to mt i tng SqlConnection, i tng ny s xut hin trn khay di form.
Khay ny c s dng cha nhng thnh phn khng hin th nh i tng SqlConnection.
Nhng i tng khc hin th trn khay l i tng SqlCommand. Nhng i tng ny c xem
Khng hin th v chng khng c nhn thy khi bn khi chy form. ng nhin bn vn c th
lm vic vi chng mt cch trc quan khi thit k form.

Bn phi ca form, bn ch n ca s thuc tnh, ni m bn s dng thit t nhng thuc tnh
Cho i tng SqlConnection. thit t thuc tnh ConnectionString_ m t chi tit v c s d
liu kt ni , bn c th g trc tip chui kt ni vo hoc click vo danh sch s xung v thit t
ConnectionString mt cch trc quan. lm iu ny, bn chn New Connection trong damh sch
S xung, s hin th hp thai Data Link Properties. Hp thai ny cha bn Tab, Tab Provider cho
php bn chn la kiu ca b cung cp m bn mun kt ni, nh hnh 7.2

Hnh 7.2: chn la b cung cp d liu
Click nt Next chuyn n Tab Connection ( bn cng c th nhn Tab Connection cch trc tip)
Ni bn nhp chi tit v kt ni n c s d liu ca bn. nh hnh 7.3 di y

Hnh 7.3: nhp nhng chi tit v kt ni

Cnh bo: v nhng l do an tan, khng ch hp check Allow Saving Password. Nu bn thc hin
iu ny Password ca bn s c lu trong code, v ngi no 1o c th c dc Password ca
bn trong code.
Sau khi bn nhp chi tit v kt ni ca bn, bn c th click nt Test Connection bo m
nhng chi tit l chnh sc . click OK lu thit lp
Trn my tnh ca ti, thuc tnh ConnectionString ca i tng kt ni n c s d liu SQL
Server Northwind c thit lp nh sau:

data source=localhost;initial catalog=Northwind;persist security info=False;
user id=sa;pwd=sa;workstation id=JMPRICE-DT1;packet size=4096

bn c th thm code cho mt bin c trong VS .NET. th d, bn mun thm code cho min c State-
change ca i tng CqlConnection1 c to. lm iu ny, trc tin chn SqlConnection1
trn khay, ri click vo nt Events (biu tng tia st) bn trn ca s properties,
mt danh sch cc bin c ca i tng SqlConnection1 s c hin th trong ca s properties.
Double click vo tn ca bin c m bn mun vit m code. VS >NET s hin th khung code v to
Mt khung sn ca phng thc event handler cho bn, nh trnh by trong hnh 7.7 di y.
V tr con nhy s l ni bn nhp code.

private void sqlConnection1_StateChange(
object sender, System.Data.StateChangeEventArgs e)
{ // an code bn nhp di y
Console.WriteLine("State has changed from "+
e.OriginalState + "to "+e.CurrentState
);

Sau khi bn bn to i tng SqlConnection bn c th lm vic vi cc i tng ADO >NET
khc nh i tng SqlCommand v.v bn s hc cch th hin iu ny vi VS .NET trong chng 8.

CHNG 8: THC THI CC LNH C S D LIU: EXECUTING DATABASE
COMMANDS

Nhng lnh v c s d liu c th thi bi i tng Command, v l b phn ca b cung cp
c qun l. C ba lp Command : SqlCommand, OleDbCommand, v OdbcCommand. Bn s
dng
i tng command thc thi mt pht biu SQL Select, Insert, Update, hoc Delete. Bn cng c
th s dng i tng Command gi mt Stored procedure ( phng thc c thit lp sn bi
ngn ng SQL server c d tr trong c s d liu) , hoc truy xut nhng hng v ct trong mt
bng ch nh; i tng Command truyn thng vi c s d liu nh s dng i tng Connection

LP SQLCOMMAND:
Bn s dng mt i tng ca lp SqlCommand th thi mt lnh tren mt c s d liu SQL
Server, mt i tng ca lp OleDbCommand th thi mt lnh trn bt c c s d liu no h
tr OLE DB, nh Oracle hoc Access, v mt i tng ca lp OdbcCommand thc thi mt lnh
trn c s d liu no htr ODBC.bng di y trinh by mt vi thuc tnh v phng thc ca
SqlCommand.

Table 8.1: SqlCommand PROPERTIES
THUC TNH KIU M T
CommandText string Ly hoc thit t pht biu SQL, gi stored procedure , hoc
bng truy xut d liu
CommandTimeout int Ly hoc thit t s giy ch i trc khi kt thc mt c gng
thc thi lnh (command). Thi gian mc nh l 30 giy.
CommandType CommandType Ly hoc thit t mt gi tr cho bit thuc tnh CommandText
c th hin nh th no. Nhng gi tr hp l l :
CommandType.Text, CommandType .StoredProcedure, v
CommandType .TableDirect. Text cho bit command l mt pht
biu SQL. StoredProcedure cho bit command l mt lnh gi
stored procedure . TableDirect cho bit tn ca mt bng, m t
tt c cc hng v ct c truy xut. mc nh l Text.
Connection string Tr v tn ca mt kt ni c s d liu.
DesignTimeVisible bool Ly hoc thit t mt gi tr Boolean cho bit mt i tng
Command c c hin th trong mt Conntrol ca b thit k
windows form. Gi tr mc nh l false.
Parameters SqlParameterCollection Tr v nhng tham s( parameters) (nu c) cung cp cho
Command . khi s dng mt kt ni (SqlConnection) nhng tham
s ny c lu tr trong mt i tng SqlParameterCollection
Transaction SqlTransaction Ly hoc thit t giao dch d liu cho Command
(database transaction
UpdatedRowSource UpdateRowSource Ly hoc thit t nhng kt qu ca thc thi Command c
ng dng nh th no n mt i tng DataRow khi mt
phng thc Update() ca i tng DataAdapter c gi.
PHNG THC GI TR TR
V
M T
Cancel() void Hy b thc thi ca lnh (command).
CreateParameter() SqlParameter To mt tham s mi cho command.
ExecuteNonQuery() int S dng th thi nhng pht biu SQL khng tr v mt tp gi
tr. Nhng pht biu ny bao gm INSERT,
UPDATE, v DELETE, nhng pht biu thuc ngn ng nh
ngha d liu, hoc nhng lnh gi Strored Procedure
Khng tr v mt tp d liu. N tr v mt gi tr kiu Int l s
hng ca c s d liu b nh hng bi thc thi Command, nu c.
ExecuteReader() SqlDataReader c s dng thc thi nhng pht biu SQL SELECT, nhng
lnh bng trc tip (TableDirect commands)
Hoc Stored Procedure tr v mt tp gi tr trong i tng
DataReader.
ExecuteScalar() object c s dng thc thi nhng pht biu SQL SELECT tr v mt
gi tr n (nhng gi tr khc b b qua). Kt qu tr v ca
Command l mt i tng.
ExecuteXmlReader() XmlReader c s dng thc thi nhng pht biu SQL SELECT tr v
c s d liu XML. Tr v tp kt qu trong mt i tng
XmlReader. Ch ng dng cho lp SqlCommand.
Prepare() void To mt bn dch d phng ca command,i khi , nhng kt qu
nhanh hn trong s thc thi command.
PHNG THC GI TR TR
V
M T
ResetCommandTimeout() void Thit lp li thuc tnh CommandTimeout v gi tr mc nh.
Ch
thch
Mc d lp SqlCommand c dnh ring cho SQLServer, rt nhiu thuc tnh v phng thc tong
lp ny cng tng t nh cc thuc tnh v phng thc trong nhng lp OleDbCommand v
OdbcCommand.
K
xo
Bn thc s s lm tt hn khi t b T-SQL EXECUTE Command v s dng
CommandType.StoredProcedure thc thi mt stored procedure. Bi v bn c th c c nhng gi
tr c tr v t mt Stored Procedure thng qua pht biu RETURN, ci m bn c th thc hin khi
thit nh
CommandType l Stored Procedure.

TO MT I TNG SQLCOMMAND:

c hai cch to mt i tng SqlCommand:
s dng mt trong trong s nhng b khi to SqlCommand.
gi phng thc CreateCommand() ca mt i tng SqlConnection.
CH : bn c th s d dng nhng cch tng t nh trnh by di y to i tng
OleDbCommand hoc OdbcCommand.

TO MT I TNG SQLCOMMAND S DNG B KHI TO:

SqlCommand()
SqlCommand(string commandText)
SqlCommand(string commandText, SqlConnection mySqlConnection)
SqlCommand(string commandText, SqlConnection mySqlConnection, SqlTransaction
mySqlTransaction)

CommandText : cha pht biu SQL ca bn, lnh gi stored procedure, hoc bng truy xut d
liu.
mySqlConnection: l i tng SqlConnection.
mySqlTransaction: l i tng SqlTransaction ca bn.

Trc khi bn s dng mt i tng SqlCommand u tin bn cn c mt i tngSqlConnection,
giao tip vi mt c s d liu SQL Server:

mySqlConnection.ConnectionString =

Tip theo bn c th to mt i tng SqlCommand mi s dng pht biu sau:

SqlCommand mySqlCommand = new SqlCommand();

Sau thit t thuc tnh Connection ca mySqlCommand l mySqlConnection:

mySqlCommand.Connection = mySqlConnection;

v i tng mySqlCommand s s dng ngay i tng mySqlConnection giao tip vi c s d liu.
by gi, thuc tnh CommandType ca i tng Connection s quyt nh kiu ca Command c th
thi. Bn c th s dng bt c gi tr no trong kiu lit k System.Data.CommandType ch nh thuc
tnh CommandType.
Table 8.3: CommandType ENUMERATION VALUES
GI TR M T
Text Cho bit command l mt pht biu SQL. Text l gi tr mc nh.
StoredProcedure Cho bit Command l mt lnh gi stored procedure.
TableDirect Cho bit tn ca mt bng, m tt c nhng hng v ct s c truy xut. ch thch: nhng
i tng SqlCommand khng h tr TableDirect. Bn phi s dng mt i tng ca mt
trong nhng lp Command khc thay th.

Bn s tm hiu cch s dng ba kiu Command ny trong chng ny. By gi ti s t trong tm vo
kiu Text Command, l mt pht biu SQL.
Bn c th thit t Command c th thi s dng thuc tnh CommandText ca i tng Command
ca bn. th d sau y thit t thuc tnh CommandText ca mySqlCommand vi mt pht biu
SELECT ..
SELECT TOP 10 CustomerID, CompanyName, ContactName, Adrress +
FROM Customers +
ORDER BY CustomerID;

Bn cng c th t i tng Command v Connection vo b khi to trong cng mt bc vi
vic to mt Command. Th d:

SqlCommand mySqlCommand = new SqlCommand(
SELECT TOP 5 CustomerID, CompanyName, ContactName, Address +
FROM Customers ,
mySqlConnextion);

trong phn k tip , bn s hc cch to mt i tng SqlCommand s dng phng thc
CreatCommand() ca mt i tng SqlConnection.

KHI TO MT I TNG SqlCommand S DNG PHNG THC
CreatCommand().

Ngai cch khi to mt i tng SqlCommand s dng nhng b khi to, bn c th s dng phng
thc CreatCommand ca i tng SqlConnection. Phng thc ny tr v mt i tng SqlCommand
mi. th d:


i tng mySqlCommand s s dng mySqlConnection tng tc vi c s d liu.

THC THI NHNG PHT BIU SELECT V NHNG LNH
TABLEDIRECT:

Mt TableDirect Command thc ra l mt pht biu SELECT, n tr v tt c nhng hng v ct
ca mt bng ch nh. Mt i tng Comand c ba phng thc bn c th s dng thc thi mt
pht biu SELECT hoc mt TableDirect Command.

Table 8.4: NHNG PHNG THC TRUY XUT THNG TIN T CS D LIU
PHNG THC KIU TR
V
M T
ExecuteReader() SqlDataReader c dng thc thi mt pht biu SQL SELECT, TableDirect
Commands hoc cc lnh gi stored procedure ,n tr v mt tp hp
Table 8.4: NHNG PHNG THC TRUY XUT THNG TIN T CS D LIU
PHNG THC KIU TR
V
M T
kt qutrong mt i tng DataReader.
ExecuteScalar() object c dng thc thi nhng pht biu SQL SELECT v tr v mt gi
tr n (b qua nhng gi tr khc). Gi tr n c tr v nh mt i
tng.
ExecuteXmlReader() XmlReader c dng thc thi nhng pht biu SQL SELECT v tr v mt
XML data. Tp hp kt qu tr v trong mt i tng XmlReader . ch
ng dng cho lp SqlCommand.

THC THI PHT BIU SELECT S DNG S DNG PHNG THC
ExecuteReader():

Hy xem mt th d : thc thi mt pht biu SELECT s dng phng thc ExecuteReader(). Phng
thc ny tr v nt tp hp kt qu trong mt i tng DataReader, m bn c th dng n c
nhng hng c tr v t c s d kiu. th d , code sau y khi to nhng i tng cn thit v thc
thi mt pht biu SELECT truy xut 05 dng u tin t bng Customers:

"SELECT TOP 5 CustomerID, CompanyName, ContactName, Address " +
"FROM Customers " +
"ORDER BY CustomerID";
SqlDataReader mySqlDataReader = mySqlCommand.ExecuteReader();

K xo: bn ch rng ti khng gi phng thc Open() ca i tng SqlConnection cho n khi
ngay trc s gi phng thc ExecuteReader() ca i tng SqlCommand. y l s nh trc.
Bng cch m kt ni vo thi im rt cui cng, bn gim thiu chi ph thi gian kt ni vi c s
d liu v do gn gi nhng ti nguyn c s d liu.

Tp kt qu c tr v bi mySqlCommand c lu tr trong mySqlDataReader. V ri bn s c nhng
hng t mySqlDataReader s dng phng thc Read(). Phng thc ny tr v mt gi tr Boolean, true nu
Nh c mt hng khc c, ngc li s tr v gi tr false. Bn c th c mt gi tr ring r ca mt ct
trong mt hng t mySqlDataReader bng cch thng qua ch nh tn ca ct trong cp du ngoc vung. Th
d, c ct CustomerID, bn dng mySqlDataReader[CustomerID].

Ch : bn cng c th ch nh ct m bn mun c bng cch t mt gi tr s (ch s ct trong tp hp)
trong cp du ngoc vung. Th d, mySqlDataReader[0] cng tr v gi tr ca ct CustomerID. 0 tng ng
vi ct u tin trong bng, nh trong th d ny l ct CustomerID.

Bn cng c th s dng phng thc Read() trong mt pht biu while loop c tun t mi lt mt hng,
Nh trnh by trong v d di y:

while (mySqlDataReader.Read())
{
Console.WriteLine("mySqlDataReader[\" CustomerID\"] = " +
mySqlDataReader["CustomerID"]);
Console.WriteLine("mySqlDataReader[\" CompanyName\"] = " +
mySqlDataReader["CompanyName"]);
Console.WriteLine("mySqlDataReader[\" ContactName\"] = " +
mySqlDataReader["ContactName"]);
Console.WriteLine("mySqlDataReader[\" Address\"] = " +
mySqlDataReader["Address"]);
}

DI Y L MT CHNG TRNH Y V S DNG I TNG SQLDATAREADER:

/*
ExecuteSelect.cs illustrates how to execute a SELECT
statement using a SqlCommand object
*/

using System;
using System.Data;

class ExecuteSelect
{
{
// create a SqlConnection object to connect to the database
new SqlConnection(
"server=localhost;database=Northwind;uid=sa;pwd=sa"
);

// create a SqlCommand object

// set the CommandText property of the SqlCommand object to
// the SELECT statement
"FROM Customers " +


// create a SqlDataReader object and call the ExecuteReader()
// method of the SqlCommand object to run the SQL SELECT statement

// read the rows from the SqlDataReader object using
// the Read() method
{
Console.WriteLine("mySqlDataReader[\" ContactName\"] = " +
mySqlDataReader["ContactName"]);
Console.WriteLine("mySqlDataReader[\" Address\"] = " +
mySqlDataReader["Address"]);
}

// close the SqlDataReader object using the Close() method
mySqlDataReader.Close();

// close the SqlConnection object using the Close() method
}

mySqlDataReader["CustomerID"] = ALFKI
mySqlDataReader["CompanyName"] = Alfreds Futterkiste
mySqlDataReader["ContactName"] = Maria Anders
mySqlDataReader["Address"] = Obere Str. 57
mySqlDataReader["CustomerID"] = ANATR
mySqlDataReader["CompanyName"] = Ana Trujillo3 Emparedados y helados
mySqlDataReader["ContactName"] = Ana Trujillo
mySqlDataReader["Address"] = Avda. de la Constitucin 2222
mySqlDataReader["CustomerID"] = ANTON
mySqlDataReader["CompanyName"] = Antonio Moreno Taquera
mySqlDataReader["ContactName"] = Antonio Moreno
mySqlDataReader["Address"] = Mataderos 2312
mySqlDataReader["CustomerID"] = AROUT
mySqlDataReader["CompanyName"] = Around the Horn
mySqlDataReader["ContactName"] = Thomas Hardy
mySqlDataReader["Address"] = 120 Hanover Sq.
mySqlDataReader["CustomerID"] = BERGS
mySqlDataReader["CompanyName"] = Berglunds snabbkp
mySqlDataReader["ContactName"] = Christina Berglund
mySqlDataReader["Address"] = Berguvsvgen 8

KIM SAT HNH VI CA LNH(COMMAND) S DNG S DNG
PHNG THC ExecutReader()

Phng thc ExecuteReader() chp nhn mt tham s ty chn dng iu khin hnh vi ca Command.
Nhng gi tr ca tham s ny n t lp lit k System.Data.CommandBehavior, nhng gi tr ny c trnh
by trong bng 8.5 di y.

Gi tr Mt
CloseConnection Ch nh rng khi i tng SqlDataReader c ng ,i tng SqlConnection cng
ng theo.
Default Ch nh rng i tng Command c th tr v nhiu tp hp kt qu.
KeyInfo Ch nh i tng Command ch tr v thng tin v nhng ct khachnh trong tp hp
kt qu
SchemaOnly Ch nh i tng Command ch tr v thng tin lin quan n cc ct.
SequentialAccess Cho php mt i tng DataReader c nhng hng c nhng ct cha ng nhng gi
tr nh phn ln. S truy cp tun t to cho DataReader c d liu nh mt lung. v bn
s dng phng thc GetBytes() hay GetChars() ca i tng DataReader c lung
ny. Ch : bn s hc chi tit v i tng DataReader trong chng ti.
Gi tr Mt
SingleResult Ch nh i tng Command tr v mt tp kt qu n.
SingleRow Ch ng i tng Command tr v mt mt hng n.

S DNG THUC TNH HNH VI CA COMMAND: SingleRow

Bn s dng hnh vi lnh : SingleRow ch nh i tng Command tr v mt hng n. Th d, cho l bn
c mt i tng Command tn mySqlCommand vi thuc tnh CommandText c gn nh sau:

"SELECT ProductID, ProductName, QuantityPerUnit, UnitPrice " +
"FROM Products";

Tip theo, v d sau y gn gi tr CommandBehavior. SingleRow Ti phng thc ExecuteReader(), ch nh
i tng Command ch truy xut hng u tin .

SqlDataReader mySqlDataReader =
mySqlCommand.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.SingleRow);

Mc d pht biu SELECT trc ch nh tt c nhng hng u s c truy xut t bng nhng sn phm,

Di y l minh ha hiu qu ca vic s dng CommandBehavior. SingleRow.
/*
SingleRowCommandBehavior.cs illustrates how to control
the command behavior to return a single row
*/
using System;
using System.Data;

class SingleRowCommandBehavior
{
{
new SqlConnection(
);

"SELECT ProductID, ProductName, QuantityPerUnit, UnitPrice " +
"FROM Products";


// pass the CommandBehavior.SingleRow value to the
// ExecuteReader() method, indicating that the Command object
// only returns a single row
mySqlCommand.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.SingleRow);

{
Console.WriteLine("mySqlDataReader[\" ProductID\"] = " +
mySqlDataReader["ProductID"]);
Console.WriteLine("mySqlDataReader[\" ProductName\"] = " +
mySqlDataReader["ProductName"]);
Console.WriteLine("mySqlDataReader[\" QuantityPerUnit\"] = " +
mySqlDataReader["QuantityPerUnit"]);
Console.WriteLine("mySqlDataReader[\" UnitPrice\"] = " +
mySqlDataReader["UnitPrice"]);
}

}

mySqlDataReader["ProductID"] = 1
mySqlDataReader["ProductName"] = Chai
mySqlDataReader["QuantityPerUnit"] = 10 boxes x 20 bags
mySqlDataReader["UnitPrice"] = 18

S DNG THUC TNH HNH VI CA COMMAND: SchemaOnly

Bn s dng hnh vi Command: SchemaOnly ch nh i tng Command ch tr v thng tin ca nhng
ct c truy xut bi mt pht biu SELECT, hay tt c nhng ct nu bn s dng mt Command
TableDirect.

Th d: cho l bn c mt i tng Command tn mySqlCommand vi thuc tnh CommandText c gn
nh di y:

"SELECT ProductID, ProductName, UnitPrice " +
"FROM Products " +
"WHERE ProductID = 1";

Tip theo, th d sau gn gi tr CommandBehavior.SchemaOnly vo phng thc ExecuteReader(), n ch
nh cho i tng Command tr li thng tin v m hnh d liu:

SqlDataReader productsSqlDataReader =
mySqlCommand.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.SchemaOnly);

trong th d ny, t nhng ct ProductID, ProductName, v UnitPrice ca bng Products c s dng trong
pht biu SELECT trc , thng tin v nhng ct c truy xut thay v nhng gi tr ct.

bn cng c c thng tin v nhng ct s dng phng thc GetSchemaTable() ca i tng
SqlDataReader. Phng thc GetSchemaTable() tr li mt i tng DataTable vi nhng ct cha nhng chi
tit ca nhng ct c s d liu c truy xut:

DataTable myDataTable = productsSqlDataReader.GetSchemaTable();

hin th nhng gi tr trong i tng DataTable, bn c th s dng vng lp hin th tn nhng ct
Bng d liu v ni dung ca mi ct ca bng d liu :

foreach (DataRow myDataRow in myDataTable.Rows)
{
foreach (DataColumn myDataColumn in myDataTable.Columns)
{
Console.WriteLine(myDataColumn + "= " +
myDataRow[myDataColumn]);
if (myDataColumn.ToString() == "ProviderType")
{
((System.Data.SqlDbType) myDataRow[myDataColumn]));
}
}
}

ch m ny c hai vng lp lng nhau. Vng lp pha ngoi lp li qua nhng i tng DataRow trong
myDataTable, v vng lp bn trong lp li qua nhng i tng DataColumn trong DataRow hin thi.
ng lo lng qu nhiu v nhng chi tit v vic truy nhp mt DataTable . bn s hc chi tit ny trong
chng 10 ,s dng i tng Dataset lu tr d liu.

Pht biu if trong vng lp Foreach (vng lp trong) cn mt cht gii thch. iu m Ti ang lm l kho st
myDataColumn xem n cha ProviderType hay khng. ProviderType cha mt gi tr s ch nh kiu SQL
Sever ca ct d liu. ti buc s ny vo System.Data.SqlDbType, y l mt s lit k ch nh nhng kiu
ct SQL Server, nh bn s thy sau trong phn Cung cp tham s cho Command. Bng 9.8 trong phn ny
trnh by nhng gi tr lit k kiu SqlDbType. Bng cch chuyn s ProviderType n SqlDbType, bn c th
nhn thy tn thc ca kiu ct SQL Server.

S lp li u tin ca vng lp ngoi trnh by tt c nhng gi tr i tng DataColumn ca i tng
DataRow u tin. iu ny gy ra u ra sau y s c sn xut v trnh by m hnh chi tit ca ct
ProductID; ch s ProviderType v tn ch nh ProduvtID l mt kiu int SQL Server;

ColumnName = ProductID
ColumnOrdinal = 0
ColumnSize = 4
NumericPrecision = 0
NumericScale = 0
IsUnique =
IsKey =
BaseCatalogName =
BaseColumnName = ProductID
BaseSchemaName =
BaseTableName =
DataType = System.Int32
AllowDBNull = False
ProviderType = 8
ProviderType = Int
IsAliased =
IsExpression =
IsIdentity = True
IsAutoIncrement = True
IsRowVersion =
IsHidden =
IsLong = False
IsReadOnly = True
ngha ca nhng kt qu ny c trnh by trong bng 8.6.
Table 8.6: nhng gi tr ct biu
GI TR M T
ColumnName Tn ca ct.
ColumnOrdinal S th t ct.
Table 8.6: nhng gi tr ct biu
GI TR M T
ColumnSize Chiu di Cc i ( s k t) ca mt gi tr ct. Cho nhng kiu chiu di c nh SQL
Server nh int, ColumnSize l di ca kiu ny.
NumericPrecision Tng s lng ch s c dng i din cho mt kiu du chm ng. Mt v d v
mt kiu du chm ng l kiu float SQL Server.
NumericScale S tng ca nhng ch s bao gm nhng ch s v bn tri v v bn phi ca du phy
s thp phn.
IsUnique Gi tr Boole true/ false: ch nh liu hai hng c th c cng gi tr trong ct hin thi
khng.
IsKey Gi tr Boole true/false ch nh Liu ct c phi l b phn ca kha chnh.
BaseCatalogName Tn ti liu trong c s d liu cha ng ct. BaseCatalogName mc nh l Null.
BaseColumnName Tn ct trong c s d liu. n s khc vi ColumnName nu bn s dng mt b danh cho
ct.
BaseSchemaName Tn ca m hnh trong c s d liu c cha ng ct. BaseSchemaName mc nh l
Null.
BaseTableName Tn ca bng hay view trong c s d liu cha ct. BaseTableName mc nh l Null.
DataType Kiu .NET i din cho ct. bn s hc v kiu .NET trong chng ti.
AllowDBNull Gi tr Boole true/false ch nh liu c phi ct c th chp nhn mt c s d liu gi tr
Null.
ProviderType Ch nh kiu d liu ca ct.
IsAliased Gi tr Boole true/false ch nh liu c phi tn ct l mt b danh.
IsExpression Gi tr Boole true/false ch nh liu c phi ct l mt biu thc.
IsIdentity Gi tr Boole true/false ch nh liu c phi ct l kha.
IsAutoIncrement Gi tr Boole true/false ch nh liu c phi ct s c t ng gn mt gi tr cho mt
hng mi v gi tr ny s c tng dn.
IsRowVersion Gi tr Boole true/false ch nh liu c phi ct cha ng mt hng c d liu c nh
c nh danh l khng th vit vo
IsHidden Gi tr Boole true/false ch nh liu c phi ct c n.
IsLong Gi tr Boole true/false ch nh liu c phi ct cha mt i tng long nh phn
(BLOB). A BLOB cha mt chui long ca d liu nh phn.
IsReadOnly Gi tr Boole true/false ch nh liu c phi ct c th sa i c.

Di y l minh ha hiu ng ca vic s dng CommandBehavior. SchemaOnly v hin th m hnh chi tit
cho nhng ct ProductID, ProductName, v UnitPrice.

Listing 8.3: SCHEMAONLYCOMMANDBEHAVIOR.CS
/*
SchemaOnlyCommandBehavior.cs illustrates how to read a table schema
*/

using System;
using System.Data;

class SchemaOnlyCommandBehavior
{
{
new SqlConnection(
);

"SELECT ProductID, ProductName, UnitPrice " +
"FROM Products " +
"WHERE ProductID = 1";


// pass the CommandBehavior.SchemaOnly constant to the
// ExecuteReader() method to get the schema
mySqlCommand.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.SchemaOnly);
// read the DataTable containing the schema from the DataReader
DataTable myDataTable = productsSqlDataReader.GetSchemaTable();

// display the rows and columns in the DataTable
{
Console.WriteLine("\nNew column details follow:");
{
if (myDataColumn.ToString() == "ProviderType")
{
((System.Data.SqlDbType) myDataRow[myDataColumn]));
}
}
}

productsSqlDataReader.Close();
}

Bn cn phi ch nhng chi tit khc nhau cho nhng ct ProductID, ProductName, v UnitPrice trong u
ra m i theo sau:

New column details follow:
ColumnName = ProductID
ColumnOrdinal = 0
ColumnSize = 4
NumericScale = 0
IsUnique =
IsKey =
BaseCatalogName =
BaseColumnName = ProductID
BaseSchemaName =
BaseTableName =
DataType = System.Int32
AllowDBNull = False
ProviderType = 8
ProviderType = Int
IsAliased =
IsExpression =
IsIdentity = True
IsAutoIncrement = True
IsRowVersion =
IsHidden =
IsLong = False
IsReadOnly = True

New column details follow:
ColumnName = ProductName
ColumnOrdinal = 1
ColumnSize = 40
NumericScale = 0
IsUnique =
IsKey =
BaseCatalogName =
BaseColumnName = ProductName
BaseSchemaName =
BaseTableName =
DataType = System.String
AllowDBNull = False
ProviderType = 12
ProviderType = NVarChar
IsAliased =
IsExpression =
IsIdentity = False
IsAutoIncrement = False
IsRowVersion =
IsHidden =
IsLong = False
IsReadOnly = False

Nhng chi tit ct mi nh sau:
ColumnName = UnitPrice
ColumnOrdinal = 2
ColumnSize = 8
NumericScale = 0
IsUnique =
IsKey =
BaseCatalogName =
BaseColumnName = UnitPrice
BaseSchemaName =
BaseTableName =
DataType = System.Decimal
AllowDBNull = True
ProviderType = 9
ProviderType = Money
IsAliased =
IsExpression =
IsIdentity = False
IsAutoIncrement = False
IsRowVersion =
IsHidden =
IsLong = False
IsReadOnly = False

THC THI MT PHT BIU TABLEDIRECT S DNG PHNG THC
ExecuteReader():

Khi bn gn thuc tnh CommandType cho mt i tng Command l TableDirect, ngha l bn cho bit bn
mun truy xut tt c nhng hng v ct ca mt bng c th .bn ch nh tn ca bng cn truy xut trong
thuc tnh CommandText.

Ch : i tng SqlCommand khng h tr kiu Command TableDirect. Th d trong phn ny s s dng i
tng OleDbCommand thay th.

Nh bn bit, bn c th s dng i tng SqlConnection kt ni vi SQL Server. Bn cng c th s
dng OleDbConnection kt ni vi SQL Server. Bn n gin gn SQLOLEDB cho Provider trong string
kt ni chuyn vo b khi to OleDbConnection. Th d:

OleDbConnection myOleDbConnection =
new OleDbConnection(
"Provider=SQLOLEDB;server=localhost;database=Northwind;" +
"uid=sa;pwd=sa"
);

Tip theo, bn to mt i tng OleDbConnection:

OleDbCommand myOleDbCommand = myOleDbConnection.CreateCommand();

Sau bn gn CommandType ca myOleDbConnection thnh CommandType.TableDirect:

myOleDbCommand.CommandType = CommandType.TableDirect;

tip bn ch nh tn cabng cn truy xut s dng thuc tnh CommandText. Th d sau gn thuc tnh
CommandText ca myOleDbCommand l Products:

k tip bn m kt ni c s d liu :

myOleDbConnection.Open();

Cui cng bn thc thi myOleDbCommand s dng phng thc ExecuteReader() :

OleDbDataReader myOleDbDataReader = myOleDbCommand.ExecuteReader();

Pht biu SQL thc s thc thi l SELECT * FROM Products, n truy xut tt c nhng hng v ct t bng
Products.

Di y l ct minh ha cho phn ny.

Listing 8.4: EXECUTETABLEDIRECT.CS
/*
ExecuteTableDirect.cs illustrates how to execute a
TableDirect command
*/

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.OleDb;

class ExecuteTableDirect
{
{
OleDbConnection myOleDbConnection =
new OleDbConnection(
"Provider=SQLOLEDB;server=localhost;database=Northwind;" +
"uid=sa;pwd=sa"
);
OleDbCommand myOleDbCommand = myOleDbConnection.CreateCommand();

// set the CommandType property of the OleDbCommand object to
// TableDirect
myOleDbCommand.CommandType = CommandType.TableDirect;

// set the CommandText property of the OleDbCommand object to
// the name of the table to retrieve from
myOleDbCommand.CommandText = "Products";

myOleDbConnection.Open();

OleDbDataReader myOleDbDataReader = myOleDbCommand.ExecuteReader();

// only read the first 5 rows from the OleDbDataReader object
for (int count = 1; count <= 5; count++)
{
myOleDbDataReader.Read();
Console.WriteLine("myOleDbDataReader[\" ProductID\"] = " +
myOleDbDataReader["ProductID"]);
Console.WriteLine("myOleDbDataReader[\" ProductName\"] = " +
myOleDbDataReader["ProductName"]);
Console.WriteLine("myOleDbDataReader[\" QuantityPerUnit\"] = " +
myOleDbDataReader["QuantityPerUnit"]);
Console.WriteLine("myOleDbDataReader[\" UnitPrice\"] = " +
myOleDbDataReader["UnitPrice"]);
}
myOleDbDataReader.Close();
myOleDbConnection.Close();
}

bn ch chng trnh ny ch hin th nm hng u trong bng Products, mc d tt c nhng hng u
c truy xut
myOleDbDataReader["ProductID"] = 1
myOleDbDataReader["ProductName"] = Chai
myOleDbDataReader["QuantityPerUnit"] = 10 boxes x 20 bags
myOleDbDataReader["UnitPrice"] = 18
myOleDbDataReader["ProductName"] = Chang
myOleDbDataReader["QuantityPerUnit"] = 24 - 12 oz bottles
myOleDbDataReader["ProductName"] = Aniseed Syrup
myOleDbDataReader["QuantityPerUnit"] = 12 - 550 ml bottles
myOleDbDataReader["ProductName"] = Chef Anton's Cajun Seasoning
myOleDbDataReader["QuantityPerUnit"] = 48 - 6 oz jars
myOleDbDataReader["ProductName"] = Chef Anton's Gumbo Mix
myOleDbDataReader["QuantityPerUnit"] = 36 boxes
myOleDbDataReader["UnitPrice"] = 21.35

THC THI MT PHT BIU SELECT S DNG PHNG THC
ExecuteScalar():

Bn s dng phng thc ExecuteScalar() thc thi pht biu SELECT SQL tr v mt gi tr n; nhng
gi tr khc b b qua. Phng thc ExecuteScalar() tr v mt gi tr n nh l mt i tng ca lp
SystemObject. Mt s dng cho phng thc ExecuteScalar() s thc hin mt pht biu SELECT s dng
mt chc nng tng th nh Count() ly s hng trong mt bng. NHng chc nng tng th ny s c
trnh by trong chng 4, gii thu v lp trnh Transact-SQL.

Th d, pht biu sau gn cho thuc tnh CommandText ca i tng mySqlCommand mt pht biu SELECT
s dng hm Count(). Pht biu ny tr v tng s hng c trong bng Products:

"SELECT COUNT(*) " +
"FROM Products";

Tip theo, pht biu sau thc thi pht biu SELECT trn s dng phng thc ExecutetScalar() :

int returnValue = (int) mySqlCommand.ExecuteScalar();

Bn ch l ti buc kiu i tng chung c tr li t ExecuteScalar() thnh mt int trc khi lu gi kt
qu vo bin int "returnValue".

Code di y minh ha cho s s dng phng thc ExecuteScalar().

Listing 8.5: EXECUTESCALAR.CS
/*
ExecuteScalar.cs illustrates how to use the ExecuteScalar()
method to run a SELECT statement that returns a single value
*/

using System;
using System.Data;

class ExecuteScalar
{
{
new SqlConnection(
"server=localhost;database=Northwind;uid=sa;pwd=sa");
"SELECT COUNT(*) " +
"FROM Products";

// call the ExecuteScalar() method of the SqlCommand object
// to run the SELECT statement
int returnValue = (int) mySqlCommand.ExecuteScalar();
Console.WriteLine("mySqlCommand.ExecuteScalar() = " + returnValue);

}
}
mySqlCommand.ExecuteScalar() = 79

Tt nhin, u ra ca cc bn c th thay i ph thuc vo s hng trong bng nhng sn phm ca cc bn.

THC THI MT Command TRUY XUT D LIU NH MT XML S
DNG PHNG THC ExecuteXMLReader():

Bn s dng phng thc ExecuteXmlReader() thc thi mt pht biu SELECT SQL tr v d liu XML.
Phng thc ExecuteXmlReader() tr v nhng kt qu trong mt i tng XmlReader, v ri sau bn s
s dng n c d liu XML truy xut c.

Ch phng thc ExecuteXmlReader() ch p dng cho lp SqlCommand.

SQL Server m rng tiu chun SQL cho php bn truy vn c s d liu v ly nhng kt qu v nh XML.
c bit, bn c th thm mt mnh FOR XML vo cui ca mt pht biu SELECT.Mnh FOR XML
C c php nh di y:

FOR XML
{RAW | AUTO | EXPLICIT}
[, XMLDATA]
[, ELEMENTS]
[, BINARY BASE64]

Bng 8.7 trnh by s m t v nhng t kha s dng trong mnh FOR XML.

Table 8.7: Nhng t kha cho XML
T Kha M t
FOR XML Ch nh SQL Server s tr li nhng kt qu nh XML.
RAW Ch nh mi hng trong tp hp kt qu c tr v nh mt phn t " hng" XML. Nhng gi
tr ct tr thnh nhng thuc tnh ca phn t "hng".
AUTO Ch nh mi hng trong tp hp kt qu c tr v nh mt phn t XML. vi tn ca bng
s dng thay cho phn t chung " hng".
EXPLICIT Ch nh pht biu SELECT ca cc bn ch r mi quan h cha - con, ri s c s dng bi
SQL Server to ra XML vi cu trc mng li thch hp.
Table 8.7: Nhng t kha cho XML
T Kha M t
XMLDATA
Ch nh nh ngha kiu ti liu s bao gm trong XML c tr v..
ELEMENTS
Ch nh nhng ct c tr v nh nhng phn t ca hng. ni cch khc, nhng ct c tr
v nh nhng thuc tnh ca hng. Bn ch c th s dng chn la ny vi AUTO.
BINARY
BASE64
Ch nh bt k d liu nh phn no c tr v bi cu truy vn c m ha vi BASE64.
Nu bn mun truy xut d liu nh phn s dng kiu RAW v EXPLICIT, ri bn phi s
dng BASE64 Nh phn. Trong kiu AUTO, d liu nh phn c tr v nh mt s tham
kho theo mc nh.

Bn s xem mt th d n gin v mnh FOR XML sau y, v bn s hc chi tit y v mnh ny
trong chng 16, s dng s h tr XML ca SQL Server,

Th d sau y gn mt pht biu SELECT s dng mnh FOR XML AUTO cho thuc tnh CommandText
ca i tng mySqlCommand. Pht biu SELECT ny tr v nm hng u tin t bng Products theo dng
XML.

"SELECT TOP 5 ProductID, ProductName, UnitPrice " +
"FROM Products " +
"ORDER BY ProductID " +
"FOR XML AUTO";

Tip theo, pht biu sau y th thi mt SELECT s dng phng ExecuteXmlReader():

XmlReader myXmlReader = mySqlCommand.ExecuteXmlReader();

Ch thch, lp XmlReader c nh nghi trong khng gian tn (namepace) Sytem.Xml.

khi s c XML t i tng XmlReader, bn s dng phng thc Read(). V ri bn kim tra chc
chn rng cha c ti hng cui cng- s dng thuc tnh EOF ca i tng XmlReader . EOF tr v true
nu nh khng cn hng no c, ngc li n tr v false. Bn s dng phng thc ReadOuterXml()
c XML thc t t i tng XmlReader.th d sau y minh ho lm th no c XML t myXmlReader:

myXmlReader.Read();
while (!myXmlReader.EOF)
{
Console.WriteLine(myXmlReader.ReadOuterXml());
}

Code di y minh ho cch s dng phng thc ExecuteXmlReader().

/*
ExecuteXmlReader.cs illustrates how to use the ExecuteXmlReader()
method to run a SELECT statement that returns XML
*/

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Xml;

class ExecuteXmlReader
{
{
new SqlConnection("server=localhost;database=Northwind;uid=sa;pwd=sa);

// a SELECT statement that retrieves XML
"FROM Products " + ORDER BY ProductID " + "FOR XML AUTO";


// create a SqlDataReader object and call the ExecuteReader()
// method of the SqlCommand object to run the SELECT statement
XmlReader myXmlReader = mySqlCommand.ExecuteXmlReader();

// read the rows from the XmlReader object using the Read() method
myXmlReader.Read();
while (!myXmlReader.EOF)
{
Console.WriteLine(myXmlReader.ReadOuterXml());
}

myXmlReader.Close();
}
}
Bn s ch l ti mang vo namespace System. Xml ngay trc on code khi u ca chng trnh ny.
Kt qu u ra ca chng trnh ny nh sau y
<Products ProductID="1" ProductName="Chai" UnitPrice="18.0000"/>
<Products ProductID="2" ProductName="Chang" UnitPrice="19.0000"/>
<Products ProductID="3" ProductName="Aniseed Syrup" UnitPrice="10.0000"/>
<Products ProductID="4" ProductName="Chef Anton's Cajun Seasoning"
UnitPrice="22.0000"/>
<Products ProductID="5" ProductName="Chef Anton's Gumbo Mix" UnitPrice="21.
3500"/>

THC THI NHNG LNH SA I THNG TIN TRONG C S D LIU:

Bn c th s dng phng thc ExecuteNonQuery() ca i tng Command th thi thc thi bt c
lnh no khng tr v mt tp kt qu t c s d liu. trong phn ny, bn s hc cch s dng phng thc
ExecuteNonQuery() thc thi nhng lnh s i thng tin trong c s d liu.

Bn c th s dng phng thc ExecuteNonQuery() th thi nhng pht biu SQL nh INSERT, UPDATE
v DELETE. Bn cng c th s dng phng thc ExecuteNonQuery() gi th tc ni (stored procedures)
Khng tr v mt gi tr, hay nhng pht biu thuc ngn ng nh ngha d liu (DDL) nh CREATE TABLE
V CREATE INDEX. (DDL c trnh khi qut trong chng 3, gii thiu v ngn ng truy vn c cu
trc) Bng 8.8 tng kt v phng thc ExecuteNonQuery().

Table 8.8: phng thc ExecuteNonQuery()
Phng thc Kiu
tr v
M t
ExecuteNonQuery() int dng thc hin nhng cu lnh SQL m khng tr li mt tp hp kt qu,
nh nhng pht biu INSERT, UPDATE, v DELETE , nhng pht biu DDL
hay nhng hm gi Sstored procedure m khng tr li mt tp hp kt qu. Gi
tr int c tr li l s lng hng trong c s d liu b nh hng bi lnh, nu
c.

Bn s hc cch thc hin nhng pht biu INSERT,UPDATE, hay DELETE nh th no, v lm th no
thc hin nhng pht biu DDL trong mc ny. Bn s hc lm th no thc thi mt hm gi stored
procedure sau trong mc" thc thi SQL Server Stored Procedure".

THC THI PHT BIU INSERT, UPDATE, V DELETE S DNG
PHNG THC ExecuteNonQurery:

Hy xem, th d di y thc thi mt pht biu INSERT s dng phng thc ExecuteNonQuery(), trc tin
Cn mt i tng Command:


Tip theo, bn gn pht biu INSERT cho thuc tnh CommandText ca i tng Command ca bn.th d
sau y pht biu INSERT cho thuc tnh CommandText ca mySqlCommand thm mt hng vo bng
Customers:

"INSERT INTO Customers (" +
" CustomerID, CompanyName" +
") VALUES (" +
" 'J2COM', 'Jason Price Corporation'" +
")";

Cui cng ,bn thc thi pht biu INSERT ny s dng phng thc ExecuteNonQuery():

int numberOfRows = mySqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();

phng thc ny tr v mt gi tr int cho bit tng s hng b nh hng ca lnh (Command). Trong th d
ny gi tr tr v l tng s hng c thm vo bng Customers, l 1 ,t mt hng c thm bi pht biu
INSERT.

Hy xem tip mt v d thc thi mt pht biu UPDATE sa i hng mi va mi thm vo. Code sau y
gn mt pht biu UPDATE cho thuc tnh CommandText ca mySqlCommand sa i ct CompanyName
cho hng mi ny, v sau gi phng thc ExecuteNonQuery() thc thi UPDATE:

"UPDATE Customers " +
"SET CompanyName = 'New Company' " +
"WHERE CustomerID = 'J2COM'";
numberOfRows = mySqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();

phng thc ExecuteNonQuery() tr v s lng ca hng b sa i do pht biu UPDATE, l 1, do mt
hng c sa i.

cui cng, hy quan st mt v d thc thi mt pht biu DELETE xa hng mi ny:

"DELETE FROM Customers " +

ExecuteNonQuery() li tr v 1, bi v ch c mt hng b xa bi pht biu DELETE

Lit k di y minh ha s s dng phng thc ExecuteNonQuery() thc thi pht biu INSERT,
UPDATE, v DELETE trnh by trong phn trn. Chng trnh ny lm ni bt mt th tc c tn
DisplayRow() n truy xut v trnh by nhng chi tit ca mt hng c ch nh trong bng Customers.
DisplayRow() c s dng trong chng trnh trnh by kt qu ca nhng pht biu INSERT v
UPDATE .

/*
ExecuteInsertUpdateDelete.cs illustrates how to use the
ExecuteNonQuery() method to run INSERT, UPDATE,
and DELETE statements
*/

using System;
using System.Data;

class ExecuteInsertUpdateDelete
{
public static void DisplayRow(
SqlCommand mySqlCommand, string CustomerID)
{
"SELECT CustomerID, CompanyName " +
"FROM Customers " +
"WHERE CustomerID = '" + CustomerID + "'";

mySqlCommand.ExecuteReader();

{
}

}

{
new SqlConnection(

// create a SqlCommand object and set its Commandtext property
// to an INSERT statement
") VALUES (" +
")";


// call the ExecuteNonQuery() method of the SqlCommand object
// to run the INSERT statement
Console.WriteLine("Number of rows added = " + numberOfRows);
DisplayRow(mySqlCommand, "J2COM");

// an UPDATE statement
"SET CompanyName = 'New Company' " +

// to run the UPDATE statement
Console.WriteLine("Number of rows updated = " + numberOfRows);
DisplayRow(mySqlCommand, "J2COM");

// a DELETE statement

// to run the DELETE statement
Console.WriteLine("Number of rows deleted = " + numberOfRows);

}
}
Number of rows added = 1
mySqlDataReader["CustomerID"] = J2COM
mySqlDataReader["CompanyName"] = Jason Price Corporation
Number of rows updated = 1
mySqlDataReader["CustomerID"] = J2COM
mySqlDataReader["CompanyName"] = New Company
Number of rows deleted = 1

THC THI PHT BIU DDL S DNG PHNG THCExecuteNonQuery():

Ngoi vic chy nhng pht biu INSERT, UPDATE, v DELETE, bn cng c th s dng phngthc
ExecuteNonQurey() thc thi nhng pht biu DDL nh CREATE TABLE.

Hy xem xt mt th d thc thi mt pht biu CREATE TABLE, tip theo mt pht biu ALTER TABLE,
theo sau l mt pht biu DROP TABLE. Trc tin cn mt i tng Command:


Tip theo bn gn pht biu CREATE TABLE cho thuc tnh CommandText ca i tng Command. Th d
sau y gn mt pht biu CREATE TABLE cho thuc tnh CommandText ca i tng mySqlCommand_
to ra mt bng tn MyPersons lu tr thng tin v ngi:

"CREATE TABLE MyPersons (" +
" PersonID int CONSTRAINT PK_Persons PRIMARY KEY," +
" FirstName nvarchar(15) NOT NULL," +
" LastName nvarchar(15) NOT NULL," +
" DateOfBirth datetime" +
")";

Tip theo, bn gi phng thc ExecuteNonQuery() thc thi pht biu CREATE TABLE:

int result = mySqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();

do mt pht biu CREATE TABLE khng nh hng bt k hng no, ExecuteNonQuery() tr v gi tr -1.

Th d tip theo thc thi mt pht biu ALTER TABLE thm mt kha ph rng buc ti bng MyPersons:

"ALTER TABLE MyPersons " +
"ADD EmployerID nchar(5) CONSTRAINT FK_Persons_Customers " +
"REFERENCES Customers(CustomerID)";
result = mySqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();

Mt ln na, ExecuteNonQuery() Tr li -1 do pht biu ALTER TABLE khng nh hng n bt k hng
no.

Th d cui cng thc thi mt pht biu DROP TABLE xa bng MyPersons:

mySqlCommand.CommandText = "DROP TABLE MyPersons";

ExecuteNonQuery() li tr v -1.

Code di y minh ha s s dng phng thc ExecuteNonQuery() thc thi nhng pht biu DDL trnh
by phn trn.

/*
ExecuteDDL.cs illustrates how to use the ExecuteNonQuery()
method to run DDL statements
*/

using System;
using System.Data;

class ExecuteDDL
{
{
new SqlConnection(


// a CREATE TABLE statement
"CREATE TABLE MyPersons (" +
" PersonID int CONSTRAINT PK_Persons PRIMARY KEY," +
" FirstName nvarchar(15) NOT NULL," +
" LastName nvarchar(15) NOT NULL," +
" DateOfBirth datetime" +
")";


// to run the CREATE TABLE statement
Console.WriteLine("Creating MyPersons table");
int result = mySqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery();
Console.WriteLine("mySqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery() = " + result);

// an ALTER TABLE statement
"ALTER TABLE MyPersons " +
"ADD EmployerID nchar(5) CONSTRAINT FK_Persons_Customers " +
"REFERENCES Customers(CustomerID)";

// to run the ALTER TABLE statement
Console.WriteLine("Altering MyPersons table");

// a DROP TABLE statement
mySqlCommand.CommandText = "DROP TABLE MyPersons";

// to run the DROP TABLE statement
Console.WriteLine("Dropping MyPersons table");

}
}
u ra ca chng trnh ny nh sau:
Creating MyPersons table
mySqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery() = -1
Altering MyPersons table
Dropping MyPersons table

GII THIU V TRANSACTION (NHNG GIAO DCH D LIU)

Trong Chng 3, bn thy bn c th nhm nhng cu lnh SQL li cng nhau nh th no vo trong nhng
giao dch. v ri Giao dch c giao ph hay hi phc nh mt n v. v d, trong trng hp mt giao dch
cng vic ngn hng, bn c l mun rt tin t mt ti khon v chuyn tin t vo ti khon khc.
ri bn giao ph c hai s thay i ny nh mt n v, hay nu sy ra vn , hon nguyn c hai s thay i
ny. Bn s c gii thiu s dng nhng giao dch trong ADO.NET Trong mc ny. C ba lp Giao dch
SqlTransaction, OleDbTransaction, V OdbcTransaction, v bn s dng mt i tng ca mt trong s
nhng lp ny i din cho mt giao dch trong ADO.NET. Ti s ch cch cho bn lm sao s dng mt
i tng ca lp SqlTransaction mc ny.

Chng ta hy cho mt v d v giao dch gm c hai pht biu INSERT. pht biu INSERT u tin s thm
mt hng vo nhng bng Customers, v pht biu th hai s thm mt hng vo bng Orders. Hng mi trong
bng Orders s tham chiu vi hng mi trong bng Customers,v hai pht biu INSERT nh di y:

INSERT INTO Customers
CustomerID, CompanyName
) VALUES
'J3COM', 'Jason Price Corporation'
)

INSERT INTO Orders (
CustomerID
) VALUES (
'J3COM'
)
Bn c th s dng nhng bc sau y thc hin hai s pht biu INSERT ny s dng mt i tng
SqlTransaction :
1. To ra mt i tng SqlTransaction v khi ng giao dch bng cch gi Phng thc
BeginTransaction() ca i tng SqlConnection.
2. To mt i tng SqlCommand gi cu lnh SQL.
3. t thuc tnh Giao dch (Transaction) cho i tng SqlCommand ti i tng SqlTransaction c
to ra trong bc 1.
4. t thc tnh ComandText ca i tng SqlCommand ti pht biu INSERT u tin. Pht biu
INSERT ny thm mt hng vo bng Customers.
5. Chy pht biu INSERT u tin s dng phng thc ExecuteNonQuery() ca i tng
SqlCommand. Phng thc ny c s dng bi v pht biu INSERT khng tr li mt tp hp kt qu.
6. t thuc tnh CommandText ca i tng SqlCommand l pht biu INSERT th hai. Pht biu ny
thm mt hng vo bng Orders.
7. chy pht biu INSERT th hai s dng ExecuteNonQuery() ca i tng SqlComand.
8. Giao ph giao dch S dng phng thc Commit() ca i tng SqlTransaction. thc thi ny to
thnh hai hng mi b sung bn vng trong c s d liu bi nhng pht biu INSERT.

Danh sch 8.9 minh ha nhng bc ny.

Danh sch 8.9:EXECUTETRANSACTION.CS
/*
ExecuteTransaction.cs illustrates the use of a transaction
*/
using System;
using System.Data;
class ExecuteTransaction
{
{
SqlConnection mySqlConnection = new SqlConnection(


// step 1: create a SqlTransaction object and start the transaction
// by calling the BeginTransaction() method of the SqlConnection
// object
SqlTransaction mySqlTransaction =
mySqlConnection.BeginTransaction();

// step 2: create a SqlCommand object to hold a SQL statement

// step 3: set the Transaction property for the SqlCommand object
mySqlCommand.Transaction = mySqlTransaction;

// step 4: set the CommandText property of the SqlCommand object to
// the first INSERT statement
") VALUES (" +
")";

// step 5: run the first INSERT statement
Console.WriteLine("Running first INSERT statement");

// step 6: set the CommandText property of the SqlCommand object to
// the second INSERT statement
"INSERT INTO Orders (" +
" CustomerID" +
") VALUES (" +
" 'J3COM'" +
")";

// step 7: run the second INSERT statement
Console.WriteLine("Running second INSERT statement");

// step 8: commit the transaction using the Commit() method
// of the SqlTransaction object
Console.WriteLine("Committing transaction");
mySqlTransaction.Commit();
}
}

Ch thch
nu bn mun hu nhng cu lnh SQL to ra giao dch, bn c th s dng phng thc Rollback()thay
cho phng thc Commit().Theo mc nh, nhng giao dch l Roolback . Lun lun s dng phng thc
Commit() hay Rollback() r rng ch ra liu bn mun giao ph hay hi nguyn nhng giao dch ca cc
bn.

u ra t chng trnh ny Nh i theo sau:
Running first INSERT statement
Running second INSERT statement
Committing transaction

Nu bn mun chy chng trnh hn mt ln, bn s cn loi b hng c thm vo bng Customers v
Orders s dng nhng pht biu DELETE sau (bn c th thc hin iu ny nh s dng cng c phn tch
truy vn):

DELETE FROM Orders
WHERE CustomerID = 'J3COM'

DELETE FROM Customers
WHERE CustomerID = 'J3COM'

CUNG CP NHNG THAM S CHO COMMANDS:

Trong nhng v d bn c nhn thy trn ti im ny, nhng gi tr cho mi ct c c vit m c
nh trong nhng cu lnh SQL. Chng hn, Trong Danh sch 8.9, c trnh by trc , pht biu INSERT
m thm hng vo bng khch hng l:

CustomerID, CompanyName
) VALUES
'J3COM', 'Jason Price Corporation'
)

Nh bn c th nhn thy, nhng gi tr cho nhng ct CustomerID v CompanyName c vit m c nh
Ti ' J3COM ' V 'Jason Price Corporation'. Nu bn phi thc hin nhiu pht biu INSERT nh vy, nhp
nhng gi tr ct bng m code s mt nhc v khng c hiu qu. May mn thay, bn c th s dng nhng
tham s gii quyt vn ny. Nhng tham s cho php bn ch nh nhng gi tr ct khc nhau trong khi
chy chng trnh ca cc bn.

thc hin mt lnh cha nhng tham s, bn s dng nhng bc cp cao sau y :
1. To ra mt i tng Lnh (Command) ang cha ng mt cu lnh SQL vi tham s placeholders.
Placeholders (@....) ny nh du v tr ni mt tham s s c cung cp.
2. Thm nhng tham s vo i tng Lnh.
3. Gn cho nhng tham s nhng gi tr ch nh .
4. thc hin lnh (Command).
Chng ta hy xem xt nhng chi tit ca bn bc khi s dng nhng tham s vi SQL Server.

BC 1: TO MT I TNG COMMAND CHA NHNG CU LNH
SQL VI NHNG THAM S DA CH:

bt k ni no m bn t mt gi tr ct trong cu lnh SQL ca bn, bn ch nh mt tham s i ch
(placeholder) thay vo . Mt tham s a ch (placeholder) nh du v tr ni mt gi tr s c cung cp
sau .
C php bn s dng cho placeholders ph thuc vo c s d liu Bn S dng. Vi my ch phc v SQL,
tham s i ch ( placeholders) s l @CustomerID v @CompanyName. Pht biu INSERT sau y s dng
tham s a ch ny Cho Nhng gi tr ct CustomerID, CompanyName, V ContactName ca bng khch
hng:

CustomerID, CompanyName, ContactName
) VALUES
@CustomerID, @CompanyName, @ContactName
)
Bn c th s dng mt tham s a ch bt c ni u mt gi tr ct l hp l trong mt pht biu Chn la,
Chn, Cp nht, hay Xa .

SELECT *
FROM Customers
WHERE CustomerID = @CustomerID

UPDATE Customers
SET CompanyName = @CompanyName


Chng ta hy xem xt ti m no m to ra mt i tng SqlCommand v gn thuc tnh CommandText
ca n thnh mt pht biu INSERT:

" CustomerID, CompanyName, ContactName" +
") VALUES (" +
" @CustomerID, @CompanyName, @ContactName" +
")";

pht biu INSERT ny s c dng thm mt hng vo bng Customers. Nhng gi tr ct cho hng ny s
c ch r nh s dng nhng tham s. Mi th thc hin trong m trc y, s to ra mt i tng
SqlCommand vi mt pht biu INSERT c tham s a ch. Trc khi bn c th thc hin lnh chn ny, bn
cn thm nhng tham s thc ti i tng SqlCommand v bn s thc hin iu ny trong bc tip theo.

BC 2: THM NHNG THAM S VO I TNG LNH(COMMAND)

thm nhng tham s vo i tng Command ca bn, bn s dng phng thc Add().N b qu ti, v
phin bn c dng trong mc ny chp nhn ba tham s:
Chui tham s a ch cho tham s trong cu lnh SQL ca cc bn. Chng hn, @CustomerID l
placeholder u tin trong pht biu INSERT c trnh by trong mc trc y.
Kiu cho ct trong c s d liu. vi SQL Server, nhng kiu ny c nh ngha trong lp lit k
System.Data.SqlDbType. Bng 8.9 trnh by nhng kiu c s d liu ny:

Bng 8.9: nhng thnh vin Lit k SqlDbType
Thnh vin M t
BigInt Mt s nguyn 64-bit gia -2
63
(-9,223,372,036,854,775,808) v 2
63
=
(9,223,372,036,854,775,807).
Binary
Mt mng ca nhng byte vi chiu di cc i 8,000 phn t.
Bit
Mt gi tr s khng du c th l 0, 1, hay mt tham chiu null.
Char
Mt chui nhng k t khng phi Unicode vi chiu di cc i 8,000 k t.
DateTime
Mt gi tr ngy thng v thi gian gia 12: 00: 00 _ 1, thng 1 , 1753 v 11: 59: 59
PM _31,thng 12, 9999. chnh xc ti 3.33 mili-giy.
Decimal
gi tr s chnh xc v quy m, c nh gia-1038 + 1 (v) 1038 - 1.
Float
Mt s c du chm ng 64-bit gia-1.79769313486232 E308 v 1.79769313486232
E308 chnh xc vi 15 ch s c ngha .
Image
Mt mng ca nhng byte vi chiu di cc i 2^31 =(2,147,483,647).
Int
Mt S nguyn 32-bit c k mu gia-2^31 (-2,147,483,648) V 2^31 =
(2,147,483,647).
Money
Mt gi tr tin t gia-922,337,203,685,477.5808 v 922,337,203,685,477.5807.
chnh xc i vi 1/10,000 th ca mt n v tin t.
NChar
Mt chui ca nhng k t Unicode vi chiu di cc i 4,000 k t.
Ntext
Mt chui nhng k t Unicode vi Mt chiu di cc i 2^30 k t =
(1,073,741,823).
NVarChar
Mt chui nhng k t Unicode vi Mt chiu di cc i 2^30 = (1,073,741,823).
Real
Mt S du chm ng 32-bit gia-3.402823 E38 v 3.402823 E38, chnh xc vi by
ch s c ngha .
SmallDateTime
Mt gi tri ngy thng v thi gian gia 12: 00: 00 AM_ 1, thng1.1900 v 11: 59: 59
_ 6, thng 6, 2079. PM , chnh xc i vi 1 pht.
SmallInt
Mt S nguyn 16-bit gia-2^15 (-32,768) V 2^15 = (32,767).
Thnh vin M t
SmallMoney
Mt gi tr tin t gia-214,748.3648 v 214,748.3647. Chnh xc i vi 1/10,000 th
ca mt n v tin t.
Text
Mt chui nhng k t khng phi Unicode vi chiu di cc i 2^31 =
(2,147,483,647).
Timestamp
Mt chui ngy thng v thi gian trong nh dng yyyymmddhhmmss.
TinyInt
mt s nguyn khng du 8-bit gia 0 v 2^8 - 1 (255).
UniqueIdentifier
Mt Gi tr s nguyn 128-bit (16 byte) v l duy nht ngang qua tt c cc my tnh
v nhng mng.
VarBinary
Mt mng nhng byte vi chiu di cc i 8,000 phn t.
VarChar
Mt chui nhng k t khng phi Unicode vi chiu di cc i 4,000 k t.
Variant
Mt kiu d liu m c th cha nhng s, nhng chui, nhng byte hay nhng gi tr
ngy thng.
Chiu di cc i ca gi tr tham s. Bn ch nh tham s ny ch khi s dng nhng kiu di
bin s, chng hn, Char v VarChar.
Trc trong bc 1, thuc tnh CommandText cho mySqlCommand c ba tham s a ch placeholders
v l tp hp nh sau:

") VALUES (" +
")";

Nhng pht biu sau y s dng Thm phng thc Add() Thm ba tham s Ti mySqlCommand:

mySqlCommand.Parameters.Add("@CustomerID", SqlDbType.NChar, 5);
mySqlCommand.Parameters.Add("@CompanyName", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 40);
mySqlCommand.Parameters.Add("@ContactName", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 30);

Ch bn gi phng thc Add() thng qua thuc tnh Parameters ca mySqlCommand. yu cu mt vi gii
thch. Mt i tng SqlCommand ct gi nhng tham s s dng Mt i tng SqlParameterCollection, v
l Mt tp hp Ca nhng i tng SqlParameter (mt i tng SqlParameter cha ng nhng chi tit ca
mt tham s). Mt trong s nhng phng thc ca SqlParameterCollection l Add(),v bn thng s dng
thm mt i tng SqlParameter vo tp hp. Bi vy, thm mt tham s Ti mySqlCommand, Bn gi
phng thc Add() thng qua thuc tnh Parameters ca n.

nh bn c th thy t m trc y l thm ba tham s n mySqlCommand, tham s @CustomerID c
nh ngha nh mt NChar_ mt chui ca nhng k t Unicode vi chiu di cc i 4,000 k t. Mt gi tr
ca 5 c gi i nh tham s th ba ti phng thc Add() cho @CustomerID, ngha l mt "s cc i 5
k t" c th cung cp nh gi tr tham s. Tng t, tham s @CompanyName v @ContactName c nh
ngha nh mt NVarChar_ mt chui nhng k t Unicode- vi chiu di cc i tng ng 40 v 30 k t,
nh ch nh bi tham s th ba ti phng thc Add(). Bn s thy s thit t ca nhng tham s ny vi
nhng gi tr c th trong bc tip theo.

BUC 3: GN NHNG THAM S VI NHNG GI TR C TH:

Bn s dng thuc tnh Value ca mi tham s t n ti mt Gi tr ch nh trong i tng Lnh
(Command) cc bn. Nhng gi tr ny s thay th cho tham s a ch ( placeholders) trong cu lnh SQL ca
bn. V d sau y s dng thuc tnh Value t nhng Gi tr cho nhng tham s b sung Trong mc trc
y:

mySqlCommand.Parameters["@CustomerID"].Value = "J4COM";
mySqlCommand.Parameters["@CompanyName"].Value = "J4 Company";
mySqlCommand.Parameters["@ContactName"].Value = "Jason Price";

Trong v d ny,nhng tham s @CustomerID, @CompanyName, V @ContactName c gn cc gi tr
tng ng : J4COM, J4 Company, v Jason Price . Nhng gi tr ny s c th cho tham s a ch
placeholders trong pht biu INSERT, tr thnh:

INSERT INTO Customers (
) VALUES (
'J4COM', 'J4 Company', 'Jason Price'
)

Nh bn c th nhn thy, nhng gi tr ct ging nh nhng gi tr c ch nh trong thuc tnh Value cho
mi tham s.
Bn cng c th thm mt tham s v t gi tr ca n trong cng mt bc. Chng hn:

mySqlCommand.Parameters.Add("@CustomerID", SqlDbType.NChar, 5).Value = "J4COM";

Bn cng c th t mt tham s vi mt gi tr null. nh bn bn hc trong Chng 2, "Gii thiu v nhng
c s d liu, " Mt ct nh ngha vi gi tr Null c th cha mt gi tr Null. Mt gi tr Null ch nh mt
gi tr ct cha c bit. Bn ch nh mt tham s c th chp nhn mt gi tr null bng cch t thuc tnh
IsNullable l true (nu false th ngc li). Chng hn:

mySqlCommand.Parameters["@ContactName"].IsNullable = true;

Bn cng c th t thuc tnh Value ca tham s vi gi tr Null s dng lp System.DBNull. Chng hn:

mySqlCommand.Parameters["@ContactName"].Value = DbNull.Value;

Thuc tnh DBNull.Value tr li mt Gi tr null. Trong v d ny, cui cng pht biu INSERT tr thnh:

INSERT INTO Customers (
) VALUES (
'J4COM', 'J4 Company', NULL
)

vic duy nht cn li l thc hin cu lnh SQL.

BC 4: THC THI CU LNH (COMMAND)

thc thi lnh, bn s dng mt trong s nhng phng thc ca i tng Lnh (Command) . Chng hn:


m lnh ny chy pht biu INSERT thm hng mi vo bng Customers. Ti s dng phng thc
ExecuteNonQuery() v mt pht biu INSERT khng tr li mt tp hp kt qu t c s d liu. Bn cng c
th s dng phng php ny thc hin pht biu UPDATE v DELETE . Nu bn ang thc hin mt pht
biu SELECT , bn s dng nhng phng thc ExecuteReader(), ExecuteScalar(), Hay ExecuteXmlReader() .

Danh sch 8.10 minh ha bn bc ny.
Danh sch 8.10: USINGPARAMETERS.CS

/*
UsingParameters.cs illustrates how to run an INSERT
statement that uses parameters
*/

using System;
using System.Data;

class UsingParameters
{
{
new SqlConnection(


// step 1: create a Command object containing a SQL statement
// with parameter placeholders
") VALUES (" +
")";

// step 2: add parameters to the Command object
mySqlCommand.Parameters.Add("@CustomerID", SqlDbType.NChar, 5);
mySqlCommand.Parameters.Add("@CompanyName", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 40);
mySqlCommand.Parameters.Add("@ContactName", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 30);
// step 3: set the parameters to specified values
mySqlCommand.Parameters["@CustomerID"].Value = "J4COM";
mySqlCommand.Parameters["@CompanyName"].Value = "J4 Company";
mySqlCommand.Parameters["@ContactName"].IsNullable = true;
mySqlCommand.Parameters["@ContactName"].Value = DBNull.Value;

// step 4: execute the command
Console.WriteLine("Successfully added row to Customers table");

}
}

u ra t chng trnh ny Nh sau:

Successfully added row to Customers table

TH THI NHNG TH TC LU TR TRONG SQL Server:

Trong Chng 4, bn thy cch to v thc thi nhng th tc lu tr (stored procedures )s dng pht
biu T- SQL nh th no. Trong mc ny, bn s thy cch thc thi nhng th tc lu tr SQL Server nh th
no khi s dng ADO.NET. Trong Bng 8.1, c trnh by trc trong chng ny, Ti cp n
CommandType ca StoredProcedure. Mc du bn c th s dng CommandType ny ch r l mt
lnh(Command) s thc hin mt th tc lu tr, bn tht s tt hn t b s dng lnh(Command) thc thi T-
SQL Thc hin mt th tc lu tr. y l bi v bn c th c nhng gi tr c tr v t mt th tc lu
tr thng qua mt pht biu RETURN, m bn khng th lm khi t CommandType l StoredProcedure.
ng thi, n lm cho m ca cc bn d hiu hn khi bn s dng EXECUTE Command.

C mt i cch m bn c th thc hin mt th tc lu tr (stored procedure) ph thuc vo th tc ca cc
bn c tr li mt tp hp kt qu hay khng. ( mt tp hp kt qu l mt hoc nhiu hng c truy xut t
mt bng bi mt pht biu SELECT ). Bn s hc hai cch ny thc hin mt th tc lu tr tip theo y.

THC THI MT TH TC KU TR (Stored Procedure)M KHNG TR
LI MT TP HP KT QU:

Nu th tc ca cc bn khng tr li mt tp hp kt qu, th bn s dng nhng bc sau y thc hin n:
1. To mt i tng Command v gn thuc tnh CommandText vi mt pht biu thc thi (EXECUTE)
cha lnh gi Procedure ca bn.
2. Thm bt k tham s c yu cu no cho lnh gi th tc vo i tng Lnh (Command ) ca bn,
3. Thc thi i tng Command ca cc bn s dng phng thc ExecuteNonQuery() .
4. c nhng gi tr ca bt k tham s u ra no.

Bn s thy cch s dng bn bc ny gi nhng th tc lu tr SQL Sever sau y nh th no:
Th tc u tin, AddProduct(), s tr li mt tham s u ra c nh ngha s dng t kha
OUTPUT.
Th tc th hai, AddProduct2(), S tr v mt tham s u ra s dng lnh RETURN.
Nhng v d ny s cho bn thy nhng cch c th thc hin mt th tc lu tr s dng ADO.NET v c
nhng tham s u ra.

THC THI TH TC STORED PROCEDURE AddProduct():

Trong Chng 4, bn thy cch to ra mt th tc lu tr (Stored Procedure) trong c s d liu Northwind
SQL Server. Th tc bn nhn thy c tn AddProduct(),v Danh sch 8.11 trnh by AddProduct.sql Nguyn
bn, iu to ra th tc AddProduct().Bn thy cch chy nguyn bn (Script) ny nh th no Trong
Chng 4. Nu bn cha chy nguyn bn (Script) ny khi cChng 4, v bn mun chy v d chng
trnh C# c trnh by sau , bn s cn chy nguyn bn ny. AddProduct() Thm mt hng vo bng
Products v tr li ProductID ca hng mi nh mt tham s u ra.

Danh sch 8.11: ADDPRODUCT.SQL
/*
AddProduct.sql To ra mt th tc thm mt hng vo bng Products s dng nhng gi tr
gi qua nh nhng tham s Ti th tc. Th tc tr li ProductID ca hng mi trong mt tham
s u ra c tn @MyProductID

*/

CREATE PROCEDURE AddProduct
@MyProductID int OUTPUT,
@MyProductName nvarchar(40),
@MySupplierID int,
@MyCategoryID int,
@MyQuantityPerUnit nvarchar(20),
@MyUnitPrice money,
@MyUnitsInStock smallint,
@MyUnitsOnOrder smallint,
@MyReorderLevel smallint,
@MyDiscontinued bit
AS
- thm mt hng vo bng Product
INSERT INTO Products (
ProductName, SupplierID, CategoryID, QuantityPerUnit,
UnitPrice, UnitsInStock, UnitsOnOrder, ReorderLevel,
Discontinued
) VALUES (
@MyProductName, @MySupplierID, @MyCategoryID, @MyQuantityPerUnit,
@MyUnitPrice, @MyUnitsInStock, @MyUnitsOnOrder, @MyReorderLevel,
@MyDiscontinued
)

- s dng hm SCOPE_IDENTITY() c gi tr kha chnh sau cng, c chn vo trong - -
mt bng c thc hin bn trong
- b phn c s d liu hin thi v th tc lu tr,
- v th SCOPE_IDENTITY tr li ProductID cho hng mi trong bng Products trong trng -
hp ny

SELECT @MyProductID = SCOPE_IDENTITY()

Ch tham s u ra c tn @MyProductID c tr v bi th tc lu tr AddProduct().V AddProduct()
Khng tr li mt tp hp kt qu, bn s dng tp hp u tin ca nhng bc c phc tho trc .
Chng ta hy kho st nhng chi tit ca bn bc ny thc thi th tc lu tr ny.

BUC 1: TO MT I TNG COMMAND V GN THUC TNH
CommandText CA N VI PHT BIU EXECUTE

Bc u tin ca bn l to ra mt i tng Command v t thuc tnh CommandText ca n vi mt pht
biu EXECUTE c cha lnh gi ti th tc lu tr AddProduct();ch tham s a ch placeholders thng
nh du v tr ni nhng gi tr tham s s c thay th trong bc 2

"EXECUTE AddProduct @MyProductID OUTPUT, @MyProductName, " +
"@MySupplierID, @MyCategoryID, @MyQuantityPerUnit, " +
"@MyUnitPrice, @MyUnitsInStock, @MyUnitsOnOrder, " +
"@MyReorderLevel, @MyDiscontinued";

Ch tham s a ch (placeholder) u ra c tn @MyProductID. n c dng ct gi tham s u ra
c tr v bi th tc lu tr AddProduct(), nhng tham s a ch (placeholders) khc c dng gi
nhng gi tr ti th tc lu tr AddProduct(), v th tc ny s s dng nhng gi tr trong pht biu
INSERT .

BC 2: THM BT K THAM S CN THIT NO V I TNG
COMMAND:

Bc th hai ca bn l thm bt k tham s no vo i tng Command ca cc bn, nh t thuc tnh
phng hng (Direction) cho bt k tham s u ra no thnh ParameterDirection.Output.

Trong v d ny, th tc lu tr AddProduct() ch i mt tham s u ra ct gi mt ga tr ProductID cho
hng mi, v do bn cn thm mt tham s u ra vo i tng Lnh (Command) ca bn. Bn thc hin
iu ny bi s thit t thuc tnh phng hng Direction ca tham s ca bn thnh
ParameterDirection.Output. th d :

mySqlCommand.Parameters.Add("@MyProductID", SqlDbType.Int);
mySqlCommand.Parameters["@MyProductID"].Direction =
ParameterDirection.Output;

Nhng tham s khc c yu cu gi th tc lu tr AddProduct() :

mySqlCommand.Parameters.Add(
"@MyProductName", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 40).Value = "Widget";
"@MySupplierID", SqlDbType.Int).Value = 1;
"@MyCategoryID", SqlDbType.Int).Value = 1;
"@MyQuantityPerUnit", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 20).Value = "1 per box";
"@MyUnitPrice", SqlDbType.Money).Value = 5.99;
"@MyUnitsInStock", SqlDbType.SmallInt).Value = 10;
"@MyUnitsOnOrder", SqlDbType.SmallInt).Value = 5;
"@MyReorderLevel", SqlDbType.SmallInt).Value = 5;
"@MyDiscontinued", SqlDbType.Bit).Value = 1;

Ch nhng kiu tham s SqlDbType tng ng ti nhng kiu c ch i bi th tc lu tr
AddProduct().Nhng gi tr, nhng tham s c t ra ri c th cho placeholders trong thc thi pht
biu c c trnh by trong bc 1.

BC 3: THC THI I TNG LNH(COMMAND) S DNG PHNG
THC ExecuteNonQuery()

Bc th ba ca bn l thc thi i tng Lnh (Command) ca bn s dng phng thc ExecuteNonQuery().
Bn s dng ExecuteNonQuery() V Th tc AddProduct() khng tr li mt tp hp kt qu. Chng hn:


BC 4: C NHNG GI TR CA BT K THAM S U RA NO:

Bc cui cng ca) bn l c nhng gi tr ca bt k tham s u ra no. th tc lu tr AddProduct() s
dng mt tham s u ra c tn @MyProductID. Bn c gi tr tr v ny t thuc tnh Value ca
@MyProductID:

Console.WriteLine("New ProductID = " +
mySqlCommand.Parameters["@MyProductID"].Value);

m lnh ny s hin th nhng gi tr ca ProductID pht sinh bi SQL Server cho hng mi trong bng
Products.

Danh sch 8.12 minh ha nhng bc gi th tc lu tr AddProduct() ny .

Danh sch 8.12: EXECUTEADDPRODUCT.CS

/*
ExecuteAddProduct.cs illustrates how to call the SQL Server
AddProduct() stored procedure
*/

using System;
using System.Data;

class ExecuteAddProduct
{
{
new SqlConnection(

// step 1: create a Command object and set its CommandText
// property to an EXECUTE statement containing the stored
// procedure call
"EXECUTE AddProduct @MyProductID OUTPUT, @MyProductName, " +

// step 2: add the required parameters to the Command object

// step 3: execute the Command object using the
// ExecuteNonQuery() method

// step 4: read the value of the output parameter

}
}

u ra t chng trnh ny Nh sau:
New ProductID = 81

Tt nhin, ph thuc vo nhng hng hin hu trong bng Products ca cc bn, bn s c mt kt qu khc.

THC THI TH TC LU TR AddProduct2()

Nh bn s thy, Th tc lu tr AddProduct2() cng tng t nh AddProduct()ch c iu n s dng mt
pht biu RETURN thay v mt tham s u ra tr v ProductID cho hng mi. Danh sch 8.13 trnh by
Nguyn bn (Script)AddProduct2.sql n to ra th tc AddProduct2(). Bn s cn chy nguyn bn (Script) ny
trc khi chy chng trnh C# .

Danh sch 8.13: ADDPRODUCT2. SQL

/*
AddProduct2.sql To ra mt th tc thm mt hng vo bng Products s dng nhng gi tr
gi qua nh nhng tham s ti th tc. Th tc tr v ProductID ca hng mi s dng mt pht
biu RETURN.
*/

CREATE PROCEDURE AddProduct2
@MySupplierID int,
@MyCategoryID int,
@MyUnitPrice money,
@MyDiscontinued bit
AS

- khai bo bin @MyProductID
DECLARE @MyProductID int

- chn mt hng vo trong bng sn phm
Discontinued
) VALUES (
@MyDiscontinued )

- s dng hm SCOPE_IDENTITY() ly gi tr kha chnh sau cng c chn vo trong
-mt bng c thc hin bn trong b phn c s d liu hin thi v th tc lu tr,
- v vy SCOPE_IDENTITY tr v ProductID cho hng mi
- trong bng Products trong trng hp ny

SET @MyProductID = SCOPE_IDENTITY()

RETURN @MyProductID

Ch pht biu RETURN cui tr v @MyProductID.V AddProduct2() khng tr v mt tp hp kt qu
ca nhng hng, bn s dng tng t nh bn bc c trnh by trong mc trc thc hin th tc lu
tr s dng ADO.NET. S khc nhau duy nht trong cu trc ca lnh EXECUTE ca bn l t thuc tnh
CommandText trong bc 1. gi AddProduct2() bn t thuc tnh CommandText ca i tng
Lnh(command) ca bn nh sau:

"EXECUTE @MyProductID = AddProduct2 @MyProductName, " +

Ch n s thay i v tr ca tham s @MyProductID: n c chuyn n ngay sau t kha EXECUTE v
t du bng ti gi tr tr v bi AddProduct2().S thay i ny c lm v Add- Product2() s dng mt
pht biu RETURN xut tr v gi tr @MyProductID. Phn cn li ca m C# c yu cu gi
AddProduct2() cng tng t nh trnh by trc trong Danh sch 8.12.

Ghi ch v ch EXECUTE l khc nhau, Ti b qua chng trnh gi AddProduct2() trong sch ny.
Bn c th thy chng trnh ny trong File ExecuteAddProduct2.cs m ti cung cp. hy thoi mi chy
th v kho st n.

THC THI MT TH TC LU TR (Stored Procedure) M TR V MT
TP HP KT QU:

Nu th tc ca bn thuc lai tr v mt tp kt qu, th bn s dng nhng bc sau thc thi:
1. To ra mt i tng Command v gn thuc tnh CommandText ca n ti mt pht biu EXECUTE
c cha hm gi th tc ca bn.
2. thm bt k tham s yu cu no vo i tng Command ca bn, nh gn thuc tnh Direction cho
bt k tham s u ra no vi ParameterDirection.Output.
3. thc thi Command ca bn s dng phng thc ExecuteReader(),lu gi i tng DataReader c
tr v.
4. c nhng hng trong tp hp kt qu s dng i tng DataReader ca bn.
5. ng i tong DataReader ca bn. bn phi thc hin iu ny trc khi bn c th c bt k tham
s u ra no.
6. c cc tham s u ra (output parameters).

Trong v d sau y, bn s thy mt th tc lu tr c tn AddProduct3() n s tr li mt tp hp kt qu
cng vi mt tham s u ra s dng mt pht biu RETURN.

Th tc AddProduct3() cng tng t nh AddProduct2(), ngai tr n cng tr li mt tp hp kt qu s
dng mt pht biu SELECT. pht biu SELECT ny cha nhng ct ProductName v UnitPrice cho hng
mi thm vo bng Products. Ngoi ra tp hp kt qu ny cn tr v ProductID ca hng mi bi pht biu
RETURN, Danh sch 8.14 trnh by Nguyn bn (Script) AddProduct3.sql v script ny to ra Th tc
AddProduct3() . Bn cn chy nguyn bn ny trc khi chy c chng trnh C#.


/*
AddProduct3.sql creates a procedure that adds a row to the
Products table using values passed as parameters to the
procedure. The procedure returns the ProductID of the new row
using a RETURN statement and returns a result set containing
the new row
*/

@MySupplierID int,
@MyCategoryID int,
@MyUnitPrice money,
@MyDiscontinued bit
AS

- declare the @MyProductID variable

- insert a row into the Products table
Discontinued
) VALUES (
@MyDiscontinued
)

- use the SCOPE_IDENTITY() function to get the last
- identity value inserted into a table performed within
- the current database session and stored procedure,
- so SCOPE_IDENTITY returns the ProductID for the new row
- in the Products table in this case

- return the result set
SELECT ProductName, UnitPrice
FROM Products
WHERE ProductID = @MyProductID

- return @MyProductID
RETURN @MyProductID

Do bn thy nhng c s cho m thc thi su bc c trnh by trc trong mc ny, Ti s i thng ti
m vi gii thch s lc. Danh sch 8.15 trnh by chng trnh gi AddProduct3().Nhng th quan trng cn
ch :

Danh sch 8.15: EXECUTEADDPRODUCT3. CS

/*
ExecuteAddProduct3.cs illustrates how to call the SQL Server
AddProduct3() stored procedure
*/

using System;
using System.Data;

class ExecuteAddProduct3
{
{
new SqlConnection(

// step 1: create a Command object and set its CommandText
// property to an EXECUTE statement containing the stored
// procedure call
"EXECUTE @MyProductID = AddProduct3 @MyProductName, " +

// step 2: add the required parameters to the Command object

// step 3: execute the Command object using the ExecuteReader()
// method

// step 4: read the rows using the DataReader object
{
Console.WriteLine("mySqlDataReader[\" ProductName\"] = " +
mySqlDataReader["ProductName"]);
Console.WriteLine("mySqlDataReader[\" UnitPrice\"] = " +
mySqlDataReader["UnitPrice"]);
}

// step 5: close the DataReader object

// step 6: read the value of the output parameter

}
}

Phng thc ExecuteReader() c dng tr li tp hp kt qu cha nhng ct ProductName v UnitPrice
cho hng mi.
Tp hp kt qu ri s c c s dng mt i tng SqlDataReader.
i tng SqlDataReader c ng trc khi c th c c tham s u ra.

u ra t chng trnh ny nh sau:

mySqlDataReader["ProductName"] = Widget
mySqlDataReader["UnitPrice"] = 5.99
New ProductID = 83

TO MT I TNG COMMAND S DNG VISUAL STUDIO.NET

to ra mt i tng SqlCommand s dng Visual Studio.NET (VS.NET), bn ko mt i tng
SqlCommand t tab Data ca Toolbox vo form bn. Bn c th cng ko mt i tng OleDbCommand t
tab Data ca Toolbox n form ca bn.

Trc khi bn thc hin th tc c gii thch trong mc ny, thc hin cc bc sau:
1. to mt chng trnh mi tn MyDataReader cha mt trnh ng dng Windows.
2 thm mt i tng SqlConnection vo chng trnh (quay tr li chng trc y xem cch
thm mt i tng SqlConnection s dng VS.NET) i tng ny s c tn mc nh l
SqlConnection1.
3. nh hnh i tng sqlConnection1 ca bn truy nhp c s d liu Northwind ca bn.

Ko mt i tng SqlCommand vo form ca bn. Hnh 8.1 cho thy mt form vi mt i tng
SqlCommand. i tng ny c gn tn mc nh l sqlCommand1.

Hnh 8.1: Mt i tng SqlCommand trong Mt form

sau Bn t thuc tnh Kt ni (Connection ) cho sqlCommand1 s dng danh sch th xung (dropdown
list) bn phi ca thuc tnh connection trong ca s thuc tnh (property window). Bn c th la chn mt
i tng kt ni(Connection) hin hu trong danh sch th xung; bn c th cng to ra mt i tng
Connection mi bi la chn New t danh sch. Cho v d ny, chn i tng sqlConnection1 hin hu cho
thuc tnh Connection ca i tng sqlCommand1, nh trnh by trong hnh 8.1

Bn c th s dng trnh to truy vn (Query Builder) to mt cu lnh SQL bi vic kch vo nt "..." bn
phi ca thuc tnh CommandText, v bn c th gn nhng tham s cho mt lnh (Command) bi vic kch
nt "..." bn tri ca nhng thuc tnh tham s. Bn s gn thuc tnh CommandText ca i tng
SqlCommand ca bn n mt pht biu SELECT truy xut cc ct CustomerID, CompanyName, and
ContactName t bng Customers, Bn s xy dng pht biu SELECT ny s dng trnh to Query. bt
u, kch nt "..." bn phi ca thuc tnh CommandText cho i tng SqlCommand ca cc bn.

Trong hp thai Add Table, chn bng Customers, nh trnh by trong hnh 8.2. click nt Add thm bng
Customers vo query ca bn. click nut close tip tc.

Hnh 8.2: thm bng Customers vo truy vn s dng hp thai Add Table

Tip theo, bn xy dng truy vn ca bn s dng trnh xy dng truy vn (Query Builder). Bn la chn
nhng ct Bn mun truy xut y. Thm nhng ct CustomerID, CompanyName, v ContactName s dng
trnhxy dng truy vn (Query Builder), nh Hnh 8.3.

Hnh 8.3: Thm nhng ct CustomerID, CompanyName, v ContactName vo truy vn s dng Query
Builder.

Kch nt Ok tip tc. Thuc tnh CommandText ca i tng SqlCommand ca bn c gn bng pht
biu SELECT bn to ra trong Query Builder.

Ghi ch lu d n MyDataReader ca bn bng cch chn File - Save All. Bn s thy s s dng i tng
SqlCommand Bn thm vo d n ca bn trong chng k tip.

TM TT:

Trong chng ny, bn hc cch thc hin nhng lnh c s d liu nh th no. C ba lp Lnh
SqlCommand, OleDbCommand, V OdbcCommand. Bn s dng mt i tng Command thc hin mt
pht biu SQL SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, hay DELETE . Bn c th cng s dng mt i tng
Command thc hin mt s gi th tc lu tr( Stored Procedure), hay truy xut tt c nhng hng v nhng
ct t mt bng c th; n c bit nh mt TableDirect Command. Bn s dng mt i tng ca lp
SqlCommand thc hin mt lnh truy nhp mt c s d liu SQL Server, mt i tng ca lp
SqlDataReader c nhng hng truy xut c t mt c s d liu SQL Server, v mt i tng ca lp
SqlTransaction i din cho mt giao dch c s d liu trong mt c s d liu SQL Server.

Trong chng k tip, bn s hc nhng chi tit ca nhng i tng DataReader.

CHNG 9: S DNG NHNG I TNG DATAREADER C
NHNG KT QU

TNG QUAN:

c nhng hng s dng mt i tng DataReader (i khi c bit n nh mt con tr firehose) in hnh
nhanh chng hn hn c t mt Dataset. Nhng i tng DataReader l b phn ca nhng trnh cung cp
c qun l, v c ba lp DataReader: SqlDataReader, OleDbDataReader, v OdbcDataReader. Bn s dng
mt i tng DataReader c nhng hng truy xut c t c s d liu s dng mt i tng
Command.

Nhng i tng DataReader c th c s dng c nhng hng ch theo mt hng xui. Nhng i
tng DataReader ng vai nh mt gii php i vi mt i tng Dataset (Nhng i tng Dataset cho
php bn lu tr mt bn sao ca nhng hng t c s d liu, v bn c th lm vic vi bn sao ny trong khi
ngt kt ni vi c s d liu) Bn khng th s dng mt DataReader sa i nhng hng trong c s d
liu.

Nhng im chinh trong chng ny:

Lp SqlDataReader
To mt i tng SqlDataReader
c nhng hng t mt i tng SqlDataReader
Tr v nhng gi tr nh kiu mnh ca ct
c nhng gi tr Null
Thc hin nhiu cu lnh SQL
S dng mt i tng DataReader trong Visual Studio.NET

LP SQLDATAREADER:

Bn s dng mt i tng ca lp SqlDataReader c nhng hng c truy xut t mt c s d liu may
ch phc v SQL, mt i tng ca lp OleDbDataReader c nhng hng t bt k c s d liu no h
tr OLE DB, nh Oracle hay Access, v mt i tng ca lp OdbcDataReader c nhng hang t bt k
c s d liu no h tr ODBC. Bng 9.1 cho thy mt s thuc tnh SqlDataReader.

Bng 9.1: nhng thuc tnh SqlDataReader

Thuc tnh Kiu M t
Depth int Gi mt gi tr ch nh chiu su ca s lng nhau cho hng hin thi.
FieldCount int Gi s ct trong hng hin thi.
Thuc tnh Kiu M t
IsClosed bool Gi mt gi tr bool ch nh liu i tng c d liu c ng.
RecordsAffected int Gi s lng hng c thm vo, c sa i, hay c loi b bi s thc hin
ca cu lnh SQL.

Ghi ch mc du lp SqlDataReader c dnh ring cho SQL SErver, rt nhiu thuc tnh v nhng phng
thc trong lp ny cng tng t nh cy trong lp OleDbDataReader v lp OdbcDataReader.

Bng 9.2 cho thy mt s phng thc dng chung trong SqlDataReader .

Bng 9.2: nhng phng thc ca t SqlDataReader
Phng thc Gi tr tr
v
M t
GetBoolean() bool Tr li gi tr ca ct c ch r nh mt gi tr bool.
GetByte() byte Tr li gi tr ca ct c ch r nh mt Byte.
GetBytes() long c mt lung ca nhng gi tr byte t ct c ch nh vo trong mt
mng byte. Gi tr di c tr li l s ca nhng gi tr byte c c t
ct.
GetChar() char Tr li gi tr ca ct c ch r nh mt char.
GetChars() long c mt lung ca nhng gi tr char t ct c ch nh vo trong mt
mng char. Gi tr di c tr li l s ca nhng gi tr char c t ct.
GetDataTypeName() string tr v tn ca kiu d liu ngun cho ct c ch nh.
GetDateTime() DateTime Tr li gi tr ca ct c ch r l mt kiu DateTime.
GetDecimal() decimal Tr li gi tr ca ct c ch nh nh mt s thp phn.
GetDouble() double Tr li gi tr ca ct c ch r nh mt double.
GetFieldType() Type Tr li kiu ca ct c ch nh.
GetFloat() float Tr li gi tr ca ct c ch nh nh mt float.
GetGuid() Guid tr v gi tr ca ct c ch nh nh mt kha chnh duy nht tan cc
(GUID).
GetInt16() short Tr li gi tr ca ct c ch r nh mt short.
GetInt32() int Tr li gi tr ca ct c ch r nh mt int.
GetInt64() long Tr li gi tr ca ct c ch nh nh mt long.
GetName() string Tr li tn ca ct c ch r.
GetOrdinal() int Tr li v tr s, hay s th t, ca ct c ch nh (ct u tin c mt s
th t l 0).
GetSchemaTable() DataTable Tr li mt DataTable cha ng nhng chi tit ca nhng ct c ct
gi trong i tng c d liu.
GetSqlBinary() SqlBinary Tr li gi tr ca ct c ch r nh mt i tng SqlBinary. Lp
SqlBinary c khai bo trong khng gian tn (namespace)
System.Data.SqlTypes .
Tt c nhng phng thc GetSql* c ch nh cho lp SqlDataReader.
GetSqlBoolean() SqlBoolean Tr li gi tr ca ct c ch r nh mt i tng SqlBoolean.
GetSqlByte() SqlByte Tr li gi tr ca ct c ch r nh mt i tng SqlByte.
GetSqlDateTime() SqlDateTime Tr li gi tr ca ct c ch r nh mt i tng SqlDateTime.
GetSqlDecimal() SqlDecimal Tr li gi tr ca ct c ch r nh mt i tng SqlDecimal.
Phng thc Gi tr tr
v
M t
GetSqlDouble() SqlDouble Tr li gi tr ca ct c ch r nh mt i tng SqlDouble.
GetSqlGuid() SqlGuid Tr li gi tr ca ct c ch r nh mt i tng SqlGuid.
GetSqlInt16() SqlInt16 Tr li gi tr ca ct c ch r nh mt i tng SqlInt16.
GetSqlInt32() SqlInt32 Tr li gi tr ca ct c ch r nh mt i tng SqlInt32
GetSqlInt64() SqlInt64 Tr li gi tr ca ct c ch r nh mt i tng SqlInt64
GetSqlMoney() SqlMoney Tr li gi tr ca ct c ch r nh mt i tng SqlMonney.
GetSqlSingle() SqlSingle Tr li gi tr ca ct c ch r nh mt i tng SqlSingle.
GetSqlString() SqlString Tr li gi tr ca ct c ch r nh mt i tng SqlString.
GetSqlValue() object Tr li gi tr ca ct c ch r nh mt i tng.
GetSqlValues() int Sao chp gi tr ca tt c nhng ct trong hng hin thi vo trong mt
i tng mng c ch nh. Tr s Int tr v bi phng thc ny l s
phn t c trong mng.
GetString() string Tr li gi tr ca ct c ch r nh mt chui.
GetValue() object Tr li gi tr ca ct c ch r nh mt i tng.
GetValues() int Sao chp gi tr ca tt c nhng ct trong hng hin thi vo trong mt
i tng mng c ch nh. Tr s Int tr v bi phng thc ny l s
phn t c trong mng.
IsDBNull() bool Tr li mt gi tr Bool cho bit liu c phi ct ch nh cha mt gi tr
null.
NextResult() bool Di chuyn i tng c d liu ti hng k tip trong tp hp kt qu. Gi
tr Bool tr v bi phng thc ny cho bit liu c phi cn c hng tip
trong tp hp kt qu.
Read() bool Di chuyn i tng c d liu ti hng k tip trong tp hp kt qu v
c hng. Gi tr Bool tr v bi phng thc ny cho bit liu c phi cn
c nhiu hng hn trong tp hp kt qu.

Ghi nh nhng chi tit ct DataTable bao gm tn (tn ct c lu tr trong ColumnName ca DataTable
c tr li), s th t (c ct gi ColumnOrdinal), chiu di cc i ca gi tr c ct gi trong ct
(c ct gi trong ColumnSize), s chnh xc v quy m ca mt ct s (c ct gi trong NumericPrecision
v NumericScale), ngoi ra. S Chnh xc l s tng ca nhng ch s to ra mt s, v quy m l s tng ca
nhng ch s v bn phi du phy s thp phn. Bn thy cch c mt m hnh s dng mt chng
trnh trong chng trc y.

Mo nh: Khng gian tn System.Data.SqlTypes cung cp nhng lp cho nhng kiu d liu bn ng c
dng bn trong SQL server. Nhng lp ny cung cp mt gii php nhanh chng hn v an ton hn cho nhng
kiu d liu khc c tr v bi nhng phng thc Get*. S dng nhng lp trong namespace ny gip ngn
nga nhng li do s chuyn i kiu gy ra s mt chnh xc. Bi v nhng kiu d liu khc c chuyn i
xui ngc ti SqlTypes pha sau, r rng vic to ra v s dng nhng i tng bn trong namespace ny
khin cho m thc thi nhanh chng hn hn na. Bn s hc nhiu hn v namespace SqlTypes sau Trong Mc
" S dng nhng phng thc GetSql* c nhng gi tr Ct ".

TO MT I TNG SQLDATAREADER:

Bn c th to ra mt i tng DataReader vi cch duy nht l gi phng thc ExecuteReader() ca i
tng Command. Nhng i tng Command c trnh by trong chng trc. th d, code sau y to
nhng i tng cn thit v thc thi mt pht biu SELECT truy xut nm hng u tin t bng Product ca
c s d liu SQL Server Northwind, lu gi nhng hng c tr v trong mt i tng SqlDataReader:

new SqlConnection(
);
"SELECT TOP 5 ProductID, ProductName, UnitPrice, " +
"UnitsInStock, Discontinued " +
"FROM Products " +
"ORDER BY ProductID";

Ch i tng SqlDataReader tr v bi phng thc ExecuteReader() c ct gi trong i tng
productsSqlDataReader. Bn s hc cch s dng productsSqlDataReader nh th no trong mc sau y.

C NHNG HNG T MT I TNG SQLDATAREADER

Bn c nhng hng t mt i tng DataReader s dng phng php Read() . Phng php ny tr li gi
tr true (Bool) khi c hng khc c, ngc li tr v false.

Bn c th c mt gi tr ct ring l trong mt hng t mt DataReader bi s gi qua tn ca ct trong cp
ngoc vung. v d, c ct CustomerID, bn s dng productsSqlDataReader[ " ProductID"]. Bn c th
cng ch r ct bn mun c bng cch gi qua mt gi tr s trong du ngoc vung. Chng hn,
productsSqlDataReader[0] Cng tr v gi tr ct ProductID.

Mo nh: s khc nhau gia hai cch c gi tr mt ct s thc hin: s dng con s ch nhng v tr ct
thay v nhng tn ct dn n s thc hin nhanh chng hn ca m. Chng ta hy xem xt hai an m minh
ha hai cch c gi tr ct ny. on m u tin s dng nhng tn ct c gi tr ct .

while (productsSqlDataReader.Read())
{
Console.WriteLine(productsSqlDataReader["ProductID"]);
Console.WriteLine(productsSqlDataReader["ProductName"]);
Console.WriteLine(productsSqlDataReader["UnitPrice"]);
Console.WriteLine(productsSqlDataReader["Discontinued"]);
}

Mc d on m th hai nhanh chng hn .nhng n t linh hot hn v bn phi vit m cng nhng s ct v
tr. Nu nhng v tr ct trong pht biu SELECT c thay i, bn cn thay i m cng v tr ct -v y l
mt cn c mng bo tr. ng thi, s m ha cng v tr ct lm nhng chng trnh ca cc bn kh c
hn.

C mt gii php cho vn ny: bn c th gi phng thc GetOrdinal() ca i tng DataReader. phng
thc GetOrdinal() tr li v tr ca mt ct c tn c a vo nh mt tham s; v tr ny c bit nh th t
ct . Bn c th ri s dng v tr c tr v bi GetOrdinal() truy xut nhng gi tr ct t DataReader ca
cc bn.

Chng ta hy xem xt on m s dng phng thc GetOrdinal() truy xut v tr ca nhng ct trong pht
biu v d SELECT sau:

int productIDColPos =
productsSqlDataReader.GetOrdinal("ProductID");
int productNameColPos =
productsSqlDataReader.GetOrdinal("ProductName");
int unitPriceColPos =
productsSqlDataReader.GetOrdinal("UnitPrice");
int discontinuedColPos =
productsSqlDataReader.GetOrdinal("Discontinued");

V bn c th s dng nhng gi tr int ny truy xut nhng gi tr ct t i tng productsSqlDataReader:

{
Console.WriteLine(productsSqlDataReader[productIDColPos]);
Console.WriteLine(productsSqlDataReader[productNameColPos]);
Console.WriteLine(productsSqlDataReader[unitPriceColPos]);
Console.WriteLine(productsSqlDataReader[discontinuedColPos]);
}

Cch ny cho bn nhng u im ca c hai phng n trn : s thc hin v tnh linh hot cao.

Cnh bo: Khi bn kt thc c nhng hng t i tng DataReader ca bn, hy ng n bng
phng thc Close().L do l mt i tng DataReader ang tri buc i tng Kt ni ny, v nhng lnh
khc(Command) khng th c thc hin khi c mt DataReader ang m v gi kt ni ny( i tng
Connection). V d sau y ng productsSqlDataReader s dng phng thc Close() .


Mt khi bn ng DataReader ca bn, Bn c th thc hin nhng lnh(Command) khc s dng i tng
Kt ni (Connection)ca bn.

Lit k 9.1 nhng v d v s dng m c trnh by trong mc ny.

Danh sch 9.1: USINGCOLUMNORDINALS.CS
/*
UsingColumnOrdinals.cs illustrates how to use the GetOrdinal()
method of a DataReader object to get the numeric positions of a column
*/

using System;
using System.Data;

class UsingColumnOrdinals
{
{
new SqlConnection(


"FROM Products " +



// s dng phng thc GetOrdinal() ca i tng DataReader
// ly s ch v tr ca ct
int unitsInStockColPos =
productsSqlDataReader.GetOrdinal("UnitsInStock");

{
Console.WriteLine("ProductID = " +
productsSqlDataReader[productIDColPos]);
Console.WriteLine("ProductName = " +
productsSqlDataReader[productNameColPos]);
Console.WriteLine("UnitPrice = " +
productsSqlDataReader[unitPriceColPos]);
Console.WriteLine("UnitsInStock = " +
productsSqlDataReader[unitsInStockColPos]);
Console.WriteLine("Discontinued = " +
productsSqlDataReader[discontinuedColPos]);
}

}
}
ProductID = 1
ProductName = Chai
UnitPrice = 18
UnitsInStock = 39
Discontinued = False
ProductID = 2
ProductName = Chang
UnitPrice = 19
UnitsInStock = 17
ProductID = 3
ProductName = Aniseed Syrup
UnitPrice = 10
UnitsInStock = 13
ProductID = 4
ProductName = Chef Anton's Cajun Seasoning
UnitPrice = 22
UnitsInStock = 53
ProductID = 5
ProductName = Chef Anton's Gumbo Mix
UnitPrice = 21.35
UnitsInStock = 0
Discontinued = True

TR V NHNG GI TR CT NH KIU MNH:

n lc ny, bn truy xut nhng gi tr ct t ch mt DataReader nh nhng i tng chung ca lp
System.Object (nhng i tng thng c tham chiu ti nh mt hin thn ca kiu i tng C#).

Ghi ch: Tt c cc lp trong C# u c dn xut t lp System.Object.

Ti s vit li vng lp "while" c trnh by trong v d Trong mc trc y cho thy cch bn ct gi
nhng gi tr ct nh nhng i tng ca lp System.Object nh th no:

{
object productID =
productsSqlDataReader[productIDColPos];
object productName =
productsSqlDataReader[productNameColPos];
object unitPrice =
productsSqlDataReader[unitPriceColPos];
object unitsInStock =
productsSqlDataReader[unitsInStockColPos];
object discontinued =
productsSqlDataReader[discontinuedColPos];

Console.WriteLine("productID = " + productID);
Console.WriteLine("productName = " + productName);
Console.WriteLine("unitPrice = " + unitPrice);
Console.WriteLine("unitsInStock = " + unitsInStock);
Console.WriteLine("discontinued = " + discontinued);
}
on m ny dn n kt qu u ra ging nh trong Danh sch 9.1 trn. Tt c nhng g ti trnh by
trong danh sch 9.1 l thuyt minh r rng mt DataReader tr v mt gi tr ct nh mt i tng ca lp
System.Object theo mc nh. Khi mt i tng ca lp System.Object c trnh by bi phng thc
Console.WriteLine(),trc tin i tng phi c tuyt i chuyn i thnh mt chui v sau mi trnh
by.

Nh th s tt ch trnh by nhng gi tr ct, nhng s th no nu nh bn mun thc hin vi kiu tnh
ton no vi mt gi tr? lm iu ny, trc tin bn phi p kiu gi tr Ti mt kiu c th. V d sau
y p kiu i tng unitPrice ti mt s thp phn (decimal) v sau nhn n vi 1.2

decimal newUnitPrice = (decimal) unitPrice * 1.2m;

Ghi ch Bn thm m vo cui ca mt s k t ch bo n thc kiu thp phn.

Nhng cng vic p mt i tng ti mt kiu c th, nhng n khng c thanh lch lm. N cng chng
li mt trong nhng li ch chnh ca mt ngn ng lp trnh hin i: s s dng s nh kiu mnh. s nh
kiu mnh c ngha l bn chn ng kiu ca mt bin hay i tng khi khai bo n. Li ch chnh ca s
nh kiu mnh l bn t c kh nng c nhng li trong thi gian chy (runtime) nhng chng trnh ca bn
gy ra bi vic s dng kiu sai. y l nh trnh bin tp kim tra m ca bn chc chn rng ng cnh ca
kiu l ng. iu cui cng l bn nn c gng chn cho tt c nhng bin v nhng i tng ca bn vi
kiu thch hp , v ch s dng p kiu khi bn khng cn s la chn khc. Trong trng hp ny, bn c mt
s la chn: thay v vic p kiu, bn c th s dng mt trong nhng phng thc Get* ca i tng
DataReader ly mt gi tr ct vi mt kiu thch hp.

Ghi ch
Ti s dng du sao trong Get* ch bo c nhiu phng thc bt u vi Get. Bn c th xem tt c
phng thc Get* trong Bng 9.2, trnh by trong mc trc.

V d , mt trong nhng phng thc Get* l GetInt32(), s tr li mt gi tr ct nh mtgi tr int.
int productID =
productsSqlDataReader.GetInt32(productIDColPos);
Nh bn c th thy, bn xem qua s th t ca ct m c gi tr bn mun thu c ti phng thc Get*.
Bn thy cch ly gi tr th t ca ct nh th no trong mc trc y.

S DNG NHNG PHNG THC Get*() C NHNG GI TR CT:

Trc khi ti trnh by bn nhng phng thc Get*() c nhng gi tr ct, bn cn bit nhng kiu C# tiu
chun v nhng gi tr m chng h tr. Bn cn bit nhng iu ny nh bn c th hiu nhng kiu tng
thch gia C# v SQL Server trnhby sau. Bng 9.3 trnh by nhng kiu C# tiu chun , cng vi kiu .NET
v nhng gi tr c th c ct gi trong kiu C#.

Bng 9.3: Nhng kiu C# Tiu chun V. .NET

KIU C# KIU .NET NHNG GI TR
bool Boolean Mt gi tr boolean true hoc false.
byte Byte mt s nguyn khng du 8 bit gia 0 v 2
8
(255).
char Char Mt k t Unicode 16 bit.
DateTime DateTime Mt ngy thng v thi gian gia 12: 00: 00 AM Thng ging 1, 0001 v 11: 59 59
Thng mi hai 31, 9999. PM
decimal Decimal Mt s chnh xc v quy m c nh gia khang + /- 1.0* 10-28 V + /- 7.9* 10-28
vi 28 ch s c ngha ca chnh xc.
double Double Mt s du chm ng 64-bit gia xp x+ /- 5* 10^-324 V + /- 1.7* 10^308 vi 15
ti 16 ch s c ngha ca chnh xc.
float Single Mt s du chm ng 32-bit gia xp x + /- 1.5* 10^-45 v + /- 3.4* 10^38 vi 7
ch s c ngha ca chnh xc.
Guid Guid Mt gi tr s nguyn khng du 128-bit (16 byte) m l duy nht ngang qua tt
c cc my tnh v nhng mng.
int Int32 Mt s nguyn 32 bit gia -2
31
(-2,147,483,648) and 2
31
- 1 (2,147,483,647).
long Int64 Mt s nguyn 64 bit gia -2
63
(-9,223,372,036,854,775,808) and 2
63
- 1
(9,223,372,036,854,775,807).
sbyte SByte Mt s nguyn 8 bit gia -2
7
(-128) and 2
7
- 1 (127).
short Int16 Mt s nguyn 16 bit gia -2
15
(-32,768) and 2
15
- 1 (32,767).
string String Mt chui di -bin ca nhng k t Unicode16-bit.
uint UInt32 Mt s nguyn khng du 32-bit gia 0 V 2
32
- 1 (4,294,967,295).
ulong UInt64 Mt s nguyn khng du 64-bit gia 0 V 2
64
- 1 (18,446,744,073,709,551,615).
ushort UInt16 Mt s nguyn khng du16-bit gia 0 V 2
16
- 1 (65,535).

Bng 9.4 trnh by nhng kiu d liu SQL Server, nhng kiu C# tiu chun thch hp, v mi phng thc
DataReader Get*() tr v mi kiu C#. Bn s dng bng ny chn ra phng thc no truy xut mt
kiu ct c th. Chng hn, nu bn cn ly gi tr ca mt ct bigint(s nguyn ln), bn gi phng thc
GetInt64() tr v mt gi tr long.
Table 9.4: NHNG KIU SQL SERVER, KIU C# TIU CHUN THCH HP, V PHNG THC GET*
KIU SQL SERVER KIU C# TIU CHUN PHNG THC GET* ()
binary byte[] GetBytes()
bigint long GetInt64()
bit bool GetBoolean()
char string GetString()
datetime DateTime GetDateTime()
decimal decimal GetDecimal()
float double GetDouble()
image byte[] GetBytes()
int int GetInt32()
money decimal GetDecimal()
nchar string GetString()
ntext string GetString()
nvarchar string GetString()
numeric decimal GetDecimal()
real float GetFloat()
smalldatetime DateTime GetDateTime()
smallint short GetInt16()
smallmoney decimal GetDecimal()
sql_varient object GetValue()
text string GetString()
timestamp byte[] GetBytes()
tinyint byte GetByte()
varbinary byte[] GetBytes()
varchar string GetString()
uniqueidentifier Guid GetGuid()

Ghi ch Bn c th xem nhng kiu d liu SQL Server v nhng gi tr c h tr bi nhng kiu ny trong
Bng 2.3 ca Chng 2," Gii thiu v nhng c s d liu."
Ghi ch Nhng phng thc Get* c nh ngha trong tt c nhng lp DataReader v lm vic cho tt c
cc c s d liu.
Tip theo bn s thy cch s dng mt s nhng phng thc trnh by trong bng trn Bng 9.4.

MT TH D V S S DNG NHNG PHNG THC Get*():

Chng ta hy xem xt mt v d c nhng ct ProductID,ProductName, UnitPrice, UnitsInStock, t bng
Products s dng nhng phng thc Get*() .
hnh dung ra phi s dng phng thc Get*() no truy xut mt kiu d liu ct SQL Server c th ,
bn s dng Bng 9.4, c trnh by trc . Chng hn, ct ProductID l mt kiu int trong SQL Server, v
tra tm kiu int SQL server ny trong Bng 9.4, bn c th nhn thy bn cn s dng phng thc GetInt32()
thu c gi tr ct nh mt C# int. Bng 9.5 tng kt nhng tn ct, nhng kiu SQL Server, nhng
phng thc Get*(), v nhng kiu tr li C# cn thit truy xut nm ct t Bng Products.

Bng 9.5: nhng ct ca bng, nhng kiu, v nhng phng thc.
TN CT KIU CT TRONG SQL Server PHNG THC GET* KIU TR V C#
ProductID int GetInt32() int
ProductName nvarchar GetString() string
UnitPrice money GetDecimal() decimal
UnitsInStock smallint GetInt16() short
Discontinued bit GetBoolean() bool
Chng ta hy gi thit rng bn c mt i tng SqlDataReader t tn productsSqlDataReader v n s
c s dng c nm ct t bng Products. Vng lp "while" sau y s dng phng thc Get*(), v
nhng kiu C# c tr li c trnh by trong Bng 9.5 thu c nhng gi tr ct t
productsSqlDataReader:

{
int productID =

string productName =
productsSqlDataReader.GetString(productNameColPos);

decimal unitPrice =
productsSqlDataReader.GetDecimal(unitPriceColPos);

short unitsInStock =
productsSqlDataReader.GetInt16(unitsInStockColPos);

bool discontinued =
productsSqlDataReader.GetBoolean(discontinuedColPos);
}
Nh bn thy, lm bin ca kiu thch hp c to ra trong vng lp "while" ny, mi bin c dng ct
gi kt qu tr v t phng thc Get*(). Chng hn, bin ProductID c dng ct gi gi tr ct
ProductID, v do ProductID l kiu int SQL Server, kiu C# thch hp vi bin ProductID l int. ly gi tr
ct ProductID nh mt C# int, Bn gi phng thc GetInt32().Tng t, bin productName l mt chui C#
v c s dng ct gi gi tr ct ProductName. Ct ny thuc kiu nvarchar trong SQL Server, v ly
gi tr ct ProductName , phng thc GetString() c s dng.

Tt nhin, m ny ph thuc vo nhng thng tin ca bn nm bt v kiu ca ct c s d liu. Nu bn
khng bit v kiu ca mt ct. bn c th s dng trnh duyt server (Server Explorer) ca Visual Studio .NET.
Chng hn,Hnh 9.1 cho thy nhng chi tit ca ct ProductID trong bng Products. Nh bn thy, ProductID
l mt int.

Hnh 9.1: truy tm kiu ca mt ct s dng trnh duyt server (Server Explorer) ca Visual Studio .NET.

Trc khi ng mc ny, Ti s ch cho bn cch ly kiu ca .NET. v kiu c s d liu ca mt ct s
dng C#. Bn ly kiu ca .NET i din cho mt ct s dng phng thc GetFieldType() ca i tng
DataReader ca bn. th d:
Console.WriteLine("ProductID .NET type = " +
productsSqlDataReader.GetFieldType(productIDColPos));

M ny s hin th nh sau:
ProductID .NET type = System.Int32
Nh bn thy, kiu System.Int32 .NET c dng i din cho ct ProductID. Kiu System.Int32. NET
tng ng ti kiu int trong C#. Bn c th xem li s tng ng ca kiu ny Trong Bng 9.3, ch ra trc .
Bn c th ly kiu c s d liu cho mt ct s dng phng thc GetDataTypeName() ca i tng
DataReader ca bn. th d:

Console.WriteLine("ProductID database type = " +
productsSqlDataReader.GetDataTypeName(productIDColPos));

Th d ny hin th:

ProductID database type = int
Nh bn thy, ct ProductID thuc kiu int trong SQL Server.
Danh sch 9.2 s dng nhng v d m c trnh by trong mc ny.

/*
StronglyTypedColumnValues.cs illustrates how to read
column values as C# types using the Get* methods
*/

using System;
using System.Data;

class StronglyTypedColumnValues
{
{
new SqlConnection(
);


"FROM Products " +




// use the GetFieldType() method of the DataReader object
// to obtain the .NET type of a column
Console.WriteLine("ProductID .NET type = " +
productsSqlDataReader.GetFieldType(productIDColPos));
Console.WriteLine("ProductName .NET type = " +
productsSqlDataReader.GetFieldType(productNameColPos));
Console.WriteLine("UnitPrice .NET type = " +
productsSqlDataReader.GetFieldType(unitPriceColPos));
Console.WriteLine("UnitsInStock .NET type = " +
productsSqlDataReader.GetFieldType(unitsInStockColPos));
Console.WriteLine("Discontinued .NET type = " +
productsSqlDataReader.GetFieldType(discontinuedColPos));

// use the GetDataTypeName() method of the DataReader object
// to obtain the database type of a column
Console.WriteLine("ProductID database type = " +
productsSqlDataReader.GetDataTypeName(productIDColPos));
Console.WriteLine("ProductName database type = " +
productsSqlDataReader.GetDataTypeName(productNameColPos));
Console.WriteLine("UnitPrice database type = " +
productsSqlDataReader.GetDataTypeName(unitPriceColPos));
Console.WriteLine("UnitsInStock database type = " +
productsSqlDataReader.GetDataTypeName(unitsInStockColPos));
Console.WriteLine("Discontinued database type = " +
productsSqlDataReader.GetDataTypeName(discontinuedColPos));

// read the column values using Get* methods that
// return specific C# types
{
int productID =

string productName =
productsSqlDataReader.GetString(productNameColPos);

decimal unitPrice =

short unitsInStock =
productsSqlDataReader.GetInt16(unitsInStockColPos);

bool discontinued =
productsSqlDataReader.GetBoolean(discontinuedColPos);
}

}
}
ProductID .NET type = System.Int32
ProductName .NET type = System.String
UnitPrice .NET type = System.Decimal
UnitsInStock .NET type = System.Int16
Discontinued .NET type = System.Boolean
ProductID database type = int
ProductName database type = nvarchar
UnitPrice database type = money
UnitsInStock database type = smallint
Discontinued database type = bit
productID = 1
productName = Chai
unitPrice = 18
unitsInStock = 39
discontinued = False
productID = 2
productName = Chang
unitPrice = 19
unitsInStock = 17
productID = 3
productName = Aniseed Syrup
unitPrice = 10
unitsInStock = 13
productID = 4
productName = Chef Anton's Cajun Seasoning
unitPrice = 22
unitsInStock = 53
productID = 5
productName = Chef Anton's Gumbo Mix
unitPrice = 21.35
unitsInStock = 0
discontinued = True

S DNG NHNG PHNG THC GetSql*() C NHNG GI TR
CT:

b xung thm v s s dng nhng phng thc Get* c nhng gi tr ct nh nhng kiu C# tiu chun,
nu bn ang s dng SQL Server, bn c th cng s dng nhng phng thc GetSql *. Nhng phng thc
GetSql* tr li nhng gi tr nh nhng kiu Sql* , n tng ng vi nhng kiu thc t c s dng bi SQL
Server trong c s d liu.

Ghi ch Bn c th thy tt c nhng phng thc GetSql * trongBng 9.2, ch ra trc .
Nhng phng thc GetSql* v nhng kiu Sql* c nh ngha trong khng gian tn System.Data. SqlTypes,
v chng dnh ring cho SQL Server. Ngoi ra, Nhng phng thc GetSql* cng c trng i vi lp
SqlDataReader. Vic s dng nhng phng thc GetSql* v nhng kiu Sql* gip ngn nga nhng li do s
chuyn i kiu gy ra bi s mt chnh xc trong nhng gi tr s. Nhng phng thc GetSql* lun nhanh
hn so vi nhng phng thc Get*() tng ng ca chng. Bi v nhng phng thc GetSql* khng cn
chuyn i gia nhng kiu SQL Server v nhng kiu C# tiu chun, cn nhng phng thc Get*() li phi
thc hin .

Mo nh : Nu bn ang s dng SQL Server, nn lun s dng nhng phng thc GetSql* v
nhng kiu Sql* hn l nhng phng thc Get*() v nhng kiu C# tiu chun . Ti trnh by vi bn
nhng phng thc Get*() trc ch v chng lm vic vi nhng c s d liu khng thuc SQL
Server.
Bng 9.6 cho thy nhng kiu Sql* v nhng gi tr c th c ct gi trong nhng kiu ny.
Bng 9.6: Sql* TYPES
Sql* TYPE VALUES
SqlBinary
Mt chui di bin ca d liu nh phn.
SqlBoolean
Mt s nguyn vi mt gi tr 1 hoc 0 .
SqlByte Mt Gi tr s nguyn khng du 8-bit gia 0 v 2
8
(255).
SqlDateTime Mt gi tr ngy thng v thi gian gia 12:00:00 AM thng ging 1, 1753 v 11:59:59 PM thng
chp 31, 9999. chnh xc ti mi 3.33 mili-giy .
SqlDecimal
mt gi tr s chnh xc v quy m c nh gia -10
38
+ 1 v 10
38
- 1.
SqlDouble
Mt s du chm ng 64-bit gia -1.79769313486232E308 and 1.79769313486232E308 vi 15
ch s c ngha ca chnh xc.
SqlGuid
Mt gi tr s nguyn mu (16 byte) v duy nht ngang qua tt c cc my tnh v nhng mng.
SqlInt16
Mt s nguyn c du 16-bit gia -2
15
(-32,768) v 2
15
(32,767).
SqlInt32
31
(-2,147,483,648) v 2
31
(2,147,483,647).
SqlInt64
63
(-9,223,372,036,854,775,808) v 2
63

(9,223,372,036,854,775,807).
SqlMoney
Mt gi tr tin t gia -922,337,203,685,477.5808 v 922,337,203,685,477.5807. chnh xc ti
vi 1/10,000 th ca mt n v tin t.
SqlSingle
Mt s du chm ng 32-bit gia -3.402823E38 and 3.402823E38 vi by ch s c ngha ca
chnh xc.
SqlString
Mt chui di bin ca nhng k t.
Bng 9.7 cho thy nhng kiu SQL Server, Nhng kiu Sql tng ng* , v nhng phng thc GetSql* c
dng c mt ct nh Kiu Sql*.
KIU SQL SERVER KIU Sql* PHNG THC GetSql*
bigint SqlInt64 GetSqlInt64()
int SqlInt32 GetSqlInt32()
smallint SqlInt16 GetSqlInt16()
tinyint SqlByte GetSqlByte()
bit SqlBoolean GetSqlBoolean()
decimal SqlDecimal GetSqlDecimal()
numeric SqlDecimal GetSqlDecimal()
money SqlMoney GetSqlMoney()
smallmoney SqlMoney GetSqlMoney()
KIU SQL SERVER KIU Sql* PHNG THC GetSql*
float SqlDouble GetSqlDouble()
real SqlSingle GetSqlSingle()
datetime SqlDateTime GetSqlDateTime()
smalldatetime SqlDateTime GetSqlDateTime()
char SqlString GetSqlString()
varchar SqlString GetSqlString()
text SqlString GetSqlString()
nchar SqlString GetSqlString()
nvarchar SqlString GetSqlString()
ntext SqlString GetSqlString()
binary SqlBinary GetSqlBinary()
varbinary SqlBinary GetSqlBinary()
image SqlBinary GetSqlBinary()
sql_varient object GetSqlValue()
timestamp SqlBinary GetSqlBinary()
uniqueidentifier SqlGuid GetSqlGuid()

Tip theo bn s thy cch s dng mt s phng thc trnh by trong Bng 9.7.

MT TH` D S DNG NHNG PHNG THC GetSql*():

Chng ta hy xem xt mt v d m c nhng ct ProductID, ProductName, UnitPrice, UnitsInStock, V
Discontinued t bng Products s dng nhng phng thc GetSql*.

hnh dung ra phng thc GetSql*() no c s dng truy xut mt kiu ct c th, bn s dng Bng
9.7, c ch ra trc . Chng hn, ct ProductID l mt kiu int SQL Server, V bn tra kiu ny trong
Bng 9.7, bn c th nhn thy bn phi s dng phng thc GetSqlInt32() thu c gi tr ct nh mt C#
SqlInt32. Bng 9.8 tng kt nhng tn ct, nhng kiu SQL Server, Nhng phng thc GetSql* , v nhng
kiu tr v Sql* cho nhng ct truy xut c t Bng Products.

Bng 9.8: nhng ct ca bng Products, nhng kiu, v nhng phng thc GetSql*
COLUMN NAME/ SQL SERVER COLUMN TYPE/ GETSql* METHOD/ Sql* Return Type
ProductID int GetInt32() SqlInt32
ProductName nvarchar GetSqlString() SqlString
UnitPrice money GetSqlMoney() SqlMoney
UnitsInStock smallint GetSqlInt16() SqlInt16
Discontinued bit GetSqlBoolean() SqlBoolean

Chng ta hy gi thit rng bn c mt i tng SqlDataReader c tn productsSqlDataReader v n c th
c dng c nhng ct t bng nhng sn phm. Vng lp "while" sau y s dng nhng phng thc
GetSql* v nhng kiu Sql* tr v c trnh by trc Trong Bng 9.8 thu c nhng gi tr ct t
productsSqlDataReader:

{
SqlInt32 productID =
productsSqlDataReader.GetSqlInt32(productIDColPos);

SqlString productName =
productsSqlDataReader.GetSqlString(productNameColPos);

SqlMoney unitPrice =
productsSqlDataReader.GetSqlMoney(unitPriceColPos);

SqlInt16 unitsInStock =
productsSqlDataReader.GetSqlInt16(unitsInStockColPos);

SqlBoolean discontinued =
productsSqlDataReader.GetSqlBoolean(discontinuedColPos);
}
Danh sch 9.3 s dng vng lp "while" ny.

/*
StronglyTypedColumnValuesSql.cs illustrates how to read
column values as Sql* types using the GetSql* methods
*/

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlTypes;

class StronglyTypedColumnValuesSql
{
{
new SqlConnection(
);


"FROM Products " +




// read the column values using GetSql* methods that
// return specific Sql* types
{
SqlInt32 productID =
productsSqlDataReader.GetSqlInt32(productIDColPos);

SqlString productName =
productsSqlDataReader.GetSqlString(productNameColPos);


SqlInt16 unitsInStock =
productsSqlDataReader.GetSqlInt16(unitsInStockColPos);

SqlBoolean discontinued =
productsSqlDataReader.GetSqlBoolean(discontinuedColPos);
}

}
}
productID = 1
productName = Chai
unitPrice = 18
unitsInStock = 39
productID = 2
productName = Chang
unitPrice = 19
unitsInStock = 17
productID = 3
productName = Aniseed Syrup
unitPrice = 10
unitsInStock = 13
productID = 4
productName = Chef Anton's Cajun Seasoning
unitPrice = 22
unitsInStock = 53
productID = 5
productName = Chef Anton's Gumbo Mix
unitPrice = 21.35
unitsInStock = 0
discontinued = True

C NHNG GI TR NULL:

Nh bn hc Trong Chng 2, mt ct nh ngha l null c th lu tr mt gi tr null( ct trng cha gn
gi tr). Mt gi tr null cho bit gi tr ct cha c bit. Mt kiu C# tiu chun khng th ct gi Mt gi tr
null, nhng mt kiu Sql* c th.

Chng ta hy xem xt mt v d v vic c mt gi tr null t c s d liu. cho l bn thc hin mt pht
biu SELECT truy xut ct UnitPrice cho mt hng t bng nhng sn phm, v ct UnitPrice ny cha mt
gi tr null. Nu bn th ct gi gi tr null ny trong mt kiu C# tiu chun (nh mt s thp phn) vi m
sau y:

decimal unitPrice =

v bn s c ngoi l sau y:
System.Data.SqlTypes.SqlNullValueException
Bn s cng c ngoi l ny nu Bn th ct gi gi tr null trong mt i tng, nh trong v d sau y:
object unitPriceObj =
productsSqlDataReader["UnitPrice"];
Bn c th kim tra mt ct c cha mt gi tr null hay khng s dng phng thc IsDBNull() ca mt i
tng DataReader. Phng php ny tr v mt i s Boole gi tr true hay false cho bit liu c phi gi tr
ct l null. Bn c th s dng kt qu i s Boole ny quyt nh nn lm g. Chng hn:

if (productsSqlDataReader.IsDBNull(unitPriceColPos))
{
Console.WriteLine("UnitPrice column contains a null value");
}
else
{
unitPrice = productsSqlDataReader.GetDecimal(unitPriceColPos);
}

V productsSqlDataReader.IsDBNull(unitPriceColPos) tr v true, v d ny hin th kt qu sau:

UnitPrice column contains a null value

Nh c cp, Mt kiu Sql* c th ct gi mt gi tr null. Mt gi tr null c ct gi nh mt gi tri '
null '. Chng hn:
Nhng kt qu ca v d ny:

unitPrice = Null
Mi kiu trong nhng kiu Sql* cng u c mt thuc tnh Boolean c tn IsNull l true khi i tng Sql *
cha mt gi tr null. Chng hn:

Console.WriteLine("unitPrice.IsNull = " + unitPrice.IsNull);
Nhng kt qu ca v d ny:
unitPrice.IsNull = True
true c trnh by bi v unitPrice cha mt gi tr null.

THC THI NHIU PHT BIU SQL:

in hnh, chng trnh C# v c s d liu ca bn s chy trn nhng my tnh khc nhau v truyn thng
qua mt mng. Mi ln bn thc hin mt lnh trong chng trnh ca bn, n phi hnh trnh qua mng ti c
s d liu v c thc hin bi c s d liu, v bt k kt qu no phi c gi tr li ngang qua mng n
chng trnh ca bn. l s qu ti giao thng mng! Mt cch tim tng gim bt giao thng mng l
thc hin nhiu cu lnh SQL ti cng mt thi im.

Trong mc ny, bn s thy cch thc thi nhiu pht biu SELECT v truy xut kt qu, v bn s thy cch
thc hin nhiu pht biu SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE , v DELETE nh th no, v s t xen k cc lnh ra
sao.

THC THI NHIU PHT BIU SELECT:

Chng ta hy xem xt cch thc hin nhiu pht biu SELECT v truy xut nhng kt qu nh th no .
M sau y u tin to ra mt i tng SqlCommand c tn mySqlCommand v gn thuc tnh
CommandText ti ba pht biu SELECT khc nhau :
"SELECT TOP 5 ProductID, ProductName " +
"FROM Products " +
"ORDER BY ProductID;" +
"SELECT TOP 3 CustomerID, CompanyName " +
"FROM Customers " +
"ORDER BY CustomerID;" +
"SELECT TOP 6 OrderID, CustomerID " +
"FROM Orders " +
"ORDER BY OrderID;";

Ch tt c nhng pht biu SELECT c tch ra bi nhng du chm phy.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
S DNG TABLE Joins
Cn thn ch truy xut nhng hng v nhng ct bn tht s cn. ng thi, chc chn rng bn s dng nhng
pht biu SELECT m truy xut nhng hng t nhiu bng. Chng hn, nu bn mun xem tt c nhng n
t (orders) c t bi khch hng c CustomerID l ALFKI, ng thc hin hai pht biu SELECT ring
bit truy nhp nhng nhng bng khch hng v n t . Thay vo , s dng mt table join, nh c
trnh by trong pht biu SELECT sau y:
SELECT Customers.CustomerID, CompanyName, OrderID
FROM Customers, Orders
WHERE Customers.CustomerID = Orders.CustomerID
AND Customers.CustomerID = 'ALFKI';
_______________________________________________________________________________________
chy nhng cu lnh SQL u, bn gi phng thc ExecuteReader() , n tr v mt i tng
SqlDataReader:

Lnh s tr li ba tp hp kt qu, mt cho mi pht biu SELECT. c tp hp kt qu u tin , bn gi
phng thc Read() ca mySqlDataReader. Phng thc Read() tr v false khi khng cn hng cho s c.
Khi bn ch cui ca mt tp hp kt qu, bn gi phng thc NextResult() ca mySqlDataReader trc
khi c tp hp kt qu k tip. Phng thc NextResult s chuyn mySqlDataReader v tp hp kt qu k
tip v tr v false khi khng cn tp hp kt qu no.

M sau y minh ha s s dng phng thc Read() V NextResult() c ba tp hp kt qu t nhng pht
biu SELECT.
do
{
{
Console.WriteLine("mySqlDataReader[0] = " +
mySqlDataReader[0]);
}
}
while (mySqlDataReader.NextResult());

Ch s s dng ca vng lp ngoi "do ...while loop", th gi tr tr v t mySqlDataReader.NextResult()
ti im kt thc. V vng lp "do ...while loop" kim tra iu kin cui vng, iu c ngha l nhng pht
biu trong vng lp "do ...while loop" c thc hin t nht mt ln. Bn mun t lnh gi NextResult()
cui v trc tin n th tr mySqlDataReader ti tp hp kt qu k tip v sau tr li kt qu i s Boole
xem liu c phi cn c mt tp kt qu khc di chuyn Ti. Nu bn t lnh gi NextResult() Trong
mt vng lp "while loop" bnh thng, th mySqlDataReader s b qua qua tp hp kt qu u tin, v bn
khng mun lm iu !

Danh sch 9.4 minh ha cch thc hin nhiu pht biu SELECT v c nhng kt qu.

/*
ExecuteMultipleSelects.cs illustrates how to execute
multiple SELECT statements using a SqlCommand object
and read the results using a SqlDataReader object
*/

using System;
using System.Data;

class ExecuteSelect
{
{
new SqlConnection(


// the mutliple SELECT statements
"FROM Products " +
"FROM Customers " +
"SELECT TOP 6 OrderID, CustomerID " +
"FROM Orders " +
"ORDER BY OrderID;";



// read the result sets from the SqlDataReader object using
// the Read() and NextResult() methods
do
{
{
}
Console.WriteLine(""); // visually split the results
} while (mySqlDataReader.NextResult());

}
}
mySqlDataReader[0] = 1
mySqlDataReader[1] = Chai
mySqlDataReader[1] = Chang
mySqlDataReader[1] = Aniseed Syrup
mySqlDataReader[1] = Chef Anton's Cajun Seasoning
mySqlDataReader[1] = Chef Anton's Gumbo Mix

mySqlDataReader[0] = ALFKI
mySqlDataReader[1] = Alfreds Futterkiste
mySqlDataReader[0] = ANATR
mySqlDataReader[1] = Ana Trujillo3 Emparedados y helados
mySqlDataReader[0] = ANTON
mySqlDataReader[1] = Antonio Moreno Taquera

mySqlDataReader[1] = VINET
mySqlDataReader[1] = TOMSP
mySqlDataReader[1] = HANAR
mySqlDataReader[1] = VICTE
mySqlDataReader[1] = SUPRD
mySqlDataReader[1] = HANAR

THC THI NHIU PHT BIU SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, V DELETE:

Bn c th t xen nhiu pht biu SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, v DELETE. iu ny c th gim thiu
giao thng mng bi v bn gi nhiu cu lnh SQL ti c s d liu vo mt chuyn i. M sau y u
tin to ra mt i tng SqlCommand c tn mySqlCommand v gn thuc tnh CommandText l tp hp
nhiu cu lnh SQL c t xen:

"INSERT INTO Customers (CustomerID, CompanyName) "+
"VALUES ('J5COM', 'Jason 5 Company');" +
"FROM Customers " +
"WHERE CustomerID = 'J5COM';" +
"SET CompanyName = 'Another Jason Company' " +
"FROM Customers " +
"WHERE CustomerID = 'J5COM';";

Nhng cu lnh SQL nh sau :

Pht biu INSERT thm mt hng mi vo bng khch hng.
Pht biu SELECT u tin truy xut hng mi.
Pht biu UPDATE sa i ct CompanyName ca hng.
Pht biu SELECT th hai truy xut hng ln na.
Pht biu DELETE loi b hng.

Bn c th s dng vng lp "do ...while loop" tng t nh trnh by trong mc trc y truy xut hai tp
hp kt qu c tr v bi nhng s pht biu SELECT. Vng lp tng t ny cng lm vic mc d th d
thc thi nhng pht biu khng phi l SELECT . n lm vic v ch nhng pht biu SELECT tr li nhng
tp hp kt qu, v phng thc NextResult() tr v true ch vi nhng s pht biu SELECT; n tr v false
vi nhng cu lnh SQL khc. Bi vy, NextResult() Tr v false cho pht biu INSERT v chuyn n tp
hp kt qu cho pht biu SELECT u tin, vn vn.

Danh sch 9.5 minh ha cch thc hin nhiu cu lnh SQL nh th no.

/*
ExecuteMultipleSQL.cs illustrates how to execute
multiple SQL statements using a SqlCommand object
*/
using System;
using System.Data;

class ExecuteMultipleSQL
{
{
new SqlConnection(


// the INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements
"INSERT INTO Customers (CustomerID, CompanyName) " +
"VALUES ('J5COM', 'Jason 5 Company');" +
"FROM Customers " +
"SET CompanyName = 'Another Jason Company' " +
"FROM Customers " +
"WHERE CustomerID = 'J5COM';";



// read the result sets from the SqlDataReader object using
// the Read() and NextResult() methods
do
{
{
}
Console.WriteLine(""); // visually split the results
} while (mySqlDataReader.NextResult());

}
}

mySqlDataReader[0] = J5COM
mySqlDataReader[1] = Jason 5 Company

mySqlDataReader[0] = J5COM
mySqlDataReader[1] = Another Jason Company

S DNG MT I TNG DATAREADER TRONG VISUAL
STUDIO .NET:

Bn khng th to ra mt i tng DataReader trc quan trong Visual Studio .NET (VS .NET); bn ch c th
to ra chng s dng nhng lnh chng trnh.
Trong mc ny, bn s thy cch to ra mt i tng SqlDataReader v s dng n truy xut tp hp kt
qu t mt i tng SqlCommand nh th no, v bn thy cch to ra s dng VS .NET trong chng
trc y. i tng SqlCommand cha mt pht biu SELECT truy xut nhng ct CustomerID,
CompanyName, V ContactName t bng khch hng. Bn s hiu cch thc hin pht biu SELECT , c
tp hp kt qu s dng i tng SqlDataReader, v hin th tp hp kt qu trong mt iu khin ListView
nh th no. Mt iu khin ListView cho php bn xem thng tin c t trong mt li.

Ghi ch
Bn c th sa i d n MyDataReader Bn to ra Trong chng trc y, hay nu bn khng mun i
theo nhng ch dn trong mc ny, bn c th n gin m d n hon chnh VS .NET cha trong th mc
DataReader. m d n c b sung, la chn File Open Project, duyt ti VS .NET Project \ th mc
DataReader, v m File WindowsApplication4.csproj .

Nu bn ang sa i ng dng Windows hin c ca bn, ko mt iu khin ListView vo Form ca bn.
Hnh 9.2 cho thy mt Form vi mt iu khin ListView. Chc chn rng thuc tnh "Name" ca ListView
ca bn c gn tn l listView1 (y l Tn mc nh, v vy bn khng nn thay i n).

Hnh 9.2: thm mt iu khin ListView vo Form

Cnh bo : nu bn m d n c b sung, bn khng cn phi thm mt ListView controI; n n c
trn form b xung. Bn s cn thay i thuc tnh ConnectionString ca i tng sqlConnection1, nh th n
s kt ni ti c s d liu Northwind SQL Server ca bn. Mt khi bn thit t ConnectionString ca bn,
Bn c th chy form bng cch chn Debug Start Without Debugging.

Tip theo, nhn p mt vng trn form ca bn bn ngoi iu khin ListView. thao tc ny lm VS .NET
hin th ca s bin tp m , v bn s nhn thy con tr nh v trong phng thc Form1_Load() ; phng
thc ny c gi khi form ca bn c ti giai an thot tin . in hnh, y l phng thc m t
bn mun thc hin nhng thao tc vi c s d liu ca bn. thit t phng thc Form1_Load() ca bn vi
m sau y:

private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
{
sqlConnection1.Open();
System.Data.SqlClient.SqlDataReader mySqlDataReader =
sqlCommand1.ExecuteReader();
{
listView1.Items.Add(mySqlDataReader["CustomerID"].ToString());
listView1.Items.Add(mySqlDataReader["CompanyName"].ToString());
listView1.Items.Add(mySqlDataReader["ContactName"].ToString());
}
sqlConnection1.Close();
}

Ch bn thm mt mc vo iu khin ListView s dng phng thc Add(), c truy nhp s dng thuc
tnh Items. phng thc Add() ch i mt tham s chui, v do bn gi phng thc ToString() chuyn
i i tng c tr li bi SqlDataReader thnh mt chui. bn cng cn ch bao gm khng gian tn khi
tham chiu n lp SqlDataReader . bn s dng System.Data.SqlClient .SqlDataReader khi to ra i tng
SqlDataReader.

M trc y m kt ni c s d liu, to ra mt i tng SqlDataReader, v s dng n c nhng hng
t tp hp kt qu c tr li bi i tng SqlCommand. Mi ct ca tp hp kt qu ri c thm vo iu
khin ListView s dng phng thc Add().

Hnh 9.3 cho thy m ca phng thc Form1_Load() .

Trc khi bn chy form, bn s cn thm mt chui con cha mt khu cho s kt ni c s d liu ti thuc
tnh ConnectString ca i tng SqlConnection ca bn. Cho s ci t SQL Server trong my ca ti , mt
khu truy nhp c s d liu Northwind l sa, V thuc tnh ConnectionString ca ti c t l :

data source=localhost;initial catalog=Northwind;persist security info=False;user
id=sa;pwd=sa;workstation id=JMPRICE-DT1;packet size=4096

Ch chui con pwd= sa trong chui ny t mt khu.

Cui cng, chy form ca bn bng cch nhn Ctl+ F5 trn bn phm, hay chn Debug Start Without
Debugging. Hnh 9.4 trnh by s vn hnh form.

Lu d n MyDataReader ca bn _ chn File Save All. Bn s s dng d n ny trong nhng chng sau .
Nu bn mun s dng d n han chnh DataReader hn l sa i d n hin hu ca bn, ng lo lng: bn
s c kh nng s dng d n han chnh DataReader cng trong nhng chng sau

TM LC:

Trong chng ny, bn hc cch s dng mt i tng DataReader c nhng kt qu tr li t c s d
liu. Nhng i tng DataReader l b phn ca nhng trnh cung cp c qun l, v c ba lp DataReader:
SqlDataReader, OleDbDataReader, v OdbcDataReader. Bn s dng mt i tng ca lp SqlDataReader
c nhng hng truy xut t mt c s d liu SQL Server; mt i tng ca lp OleDbDataReader c
nhng hng t bt k c s d liu no m h tr OLE DB, nh Oracle hay Access; v mt i tng ca lp
OdbcDataReader c nhng hng t bt k c s d liu no m h tr ODBC. Nhng i tng
DataReader c th c dng c ch nhng hng trong mt hng xui, v bn khng th s dng chng
sa i c s d liu, nhng chng cung cp s truy xut rt nhanh nhng hng. Nhng i tng DataReader
ng vai tr mt gii php i vi mt i tng Dataset. Nhng i tng Dataset cho php bn lu tr mt
bn sao ca nhng hng t c s d liu, v bn c th lm vic vi bn sao ny trong khi ngt kt ni vi c
s d liu.

CHNG 10: S DNG NHNNG I TNG DATASET LU TR
D LIU:

Tng quan:

Trong chng ny, bn s hc nhng chi tit v vic s dng Dataset lu tr nhng kt qu tr v t c s
d liu. Nhng i tng Dataset cho php bn lu tr mt bn sao ca thng tin t c s d liu, v bn c
th lm vic vi bn sao ny trong khi ngt ra khi c s d liu. Khng ging nhng i tng b cung cp
c qun l Nh SqlDataReader, Mt Dataset l chung v bi vy n lm vic vi bt k c s d liu no.
Mt i tng Dataset cng cho php bn sa i nhng hng v c nhng hng trong bt k trt t no,
khng ging Mt SqlDataReader, ch cho php bn c nhng hng theo mt hng xui tun t. y khng
phi ni l nhng i tng SqlDataReader l km: nh bn hc trong Chng 9, chng cung cp s truy
nhp rt nhanh n d liu.

Bn s cng hc nhng chi tit ca vic s dng mt i tng DataAdapter c nhng hng t c s d
liu vo trong mt Dataset. DataAdapter l mt b phn ca nhng lp cung cp c qun l, v c ba lp
DataAdapter: SqlDataAdapter, OleDbDataAdapter, V OdbcDataAdapter. Bn s dng mt DataAdapter
sao chp nhng hng t c s d liu n Dataset ca bn v cng y bt k thay i no Bn thc hin ti
nhng hng trong Dataset ca bn ti c s d liu. Bn s xem cch thc hin nhng thay i n nhng
hng trong mt Dataset v y nhng thay i ti c s d liu trong Chng 11, "s dng nhng i tng
Dataset Sa i D liu." Trong chng ny, bn s tp trung vo vic sao chp nhng hng t c s d liu
v lu tr chng trong mt Dataset.

Nhng mc chnh trong chng ny:
Lp SqlDataAdapter
To ra mt i tng SqlDataAdapter
Lp Dataset
To ra mt i tng Dataset
C tr mt i tng Dataset
S dng phng thc Merge()_ (Ha trn)
Vit v c XML s dng mt i tng Dataset
V bn nhng bng v nhng ct
To v s dng nhng lp Dataset nh kiu mnh .
To ra mt i tng DataAdapter v i tng Dataset s dng Visual Studio .NET

LP SQLDATAADAPTER:

Bn s dng mt i tng ca lp SqlDataAdapter ng b ha d liu c ct gi trong mt i tng
Dataset vi mt c s d liu SQL Server. Bn s dng mt i tng ca lp OleDbDataAdapter ng b
ha d liu vi mt c s d liu h tr OLE DB, Nh Oracle hay Access. Bn s dng mt i tng ca lp
OdbcDataAdapter ng b ha d liu vi mt c s d liu h tr ODBC.
Ghi ch D lp SqlDataAdapter c ch nh ring cho SQL Server, nhiu thuc tnh v phng thc
trong lp ny cng tng t nh trong lp OleDbDataAdapter v OdbcDataAdapter.

Bng 10.1 trnh by mt s thuc tnh ca SqlDataAdapter.
Thuc tnh Ki M t
AcceptChangesDuringFill bool ly hay t mt gi tr bool ch nh liu phng thc
AcceptChanges() c c gi sau khi mt i tng
DataRow c thm, iu chnh, hay loi b trong
mt i tng DataTable. gi tr mc nh l true
ContinueUpdateOnError bool
ly hay t mt gi tr bool ch nh liu c phi tip
tc cp nht c s d liu khi mt li xut hin.
khi t l true, khng c ngoi l no c xut ra
khi mt li xut hin trong thi gian cp nht mt
hng. s cp nht ca hng c b qua v thng tin
li c t trong thuc tnh RowError ca DataRow
m gy ra li. DataAdapter tip tc cp nht nhng
hng k tip.
khi t l false, mt ngoi l c nm khi mt li
xut hin. gi tr mc nh l false.
DeleteCommand SqlCommand ly hay gn mt lnh cha mt pht biu SQL
DELETE hoc mt lnh gi th tc lu tr loi b
nhng hng t c s d liu.
InsertCommand SqlCommand ly hay gn mt lnh cha mt pht biu SQL
INSERT hoc mt lnh gi th tc lu tr thm
nhng hng vo c s d liu.
MissingMappingAction MissingMappingAction
ly hay gn hnh ng thc thi khi bng hay ct
u vo khng c mt bng hay ct thch ng trong
tp hp TableMappings.
Nhng gi tr cho hnh ng ny n t lp lit k
System.Data.MissingMappingAction vi nhng li
Thuc tnh Ki M t
thnh vin, Error, Ignore v Passthrough:
. Li c ngha l mt SystemException c tung
ra.
. Ignore c nghi bng hay ct c l i v
khng c.
. Passthrough c ngha bng hay ct c thm
vo Dataset vi tn nguyn bn ca n.
Gi tr mc nh l Passthrough.
MissingSchemaAction MissingSchemaAction
ly hay t hnh ng thc thi khi ct u vo
khng c mt ct thch ng trong tp hp ct ca i
tng DataTable.
Nhng gi tr cho hot ng ny n t lp lit k
System.Data.MissingSchemaAction vi nhng thnh
vin : Add, AddWithKey, Error, and Ignore:
. Add c nghi ct c thm vo DataTable.
. AddWithKey c nghi thng tin ct v kha
chnh c thm vo DataTable.
. Error c ngha mt SystemException c nm.
. Ignore c ngha ct c l i v khng c.
Mc nh l Add.
SelectCommand SqlCommand ly hay t mt lnh cha mt pht biu SQL
SELECT hay lnh gi th tc lu tr truy xut
nhng hng t c s d liu.
TableMappings DataTableMappingCollection Ly mt tp hp gin bng
(DataTableMappingCollection) cha nh x gia mt
bng c s d liu v mt i tng DataTable trong
Dataset.
UpdateCommand SqlCommand ly hay t mt lnh cha nhng mt pht biu SQL
UPDATE hoc lnh gi th tc sa i nhng
hng trong c s d liu.
Bng 10.2 trnh by mt s phng thc SqlDataAdapter.
Phng thc Kiu tr v M t
Fill() int Qu ti . ng b ha nhng hng trong i tng Dataset ph hp
vi nhng hng trong c s d liu. gi tr int c tr v bi phng
thc ny l s lng hng c ng b ha trong Dataset vi c s d
liu.
FillSchema() DataTable
DataTable[]
Qu ti . Thm mt DataTable vo mt i tng Dataset v nh hnh
m hnh ph hp vi c s d liu.
GetFillParameters() IDataParameter[]
tr li mt mng ca bt k tham s no t cho pht biu SQL
SELECT.
Update() int Qu ti. gi nhng pht biu SQL tng ng INSERT, UPDATE, hay
DELETE hay lnh gi th tc lu tr (lu tr trong thuc tnh tng
ng InsertCommand, UpdateCommand, v DeleteCommand) cho mi
hng c thm, c sa i, hay c loi b t mt i tng
DataTable. gi tr int c tr li bi phng thc ny l s lng hng
c cp nht.

Bng 10.3 trnh by mt s s kin SqlDataAdapter.
S kin
Event
EVENT HANDLER
i tng s l s kin
M t

FillError FillErrorEventHandler pht ra khi mt li xut hin trong thi gian in d liu ca mt
thao tc.
RowUpdating RowUpdatingEventHandler pht ra trc khi mt hng c thm vo, iu chnh, hay xa
trong c s d liu.
RowUpdated RowUpdatedEventHandler Pht ra sau khi thm, iu chnh, hay xa mt hng trong c s d
liu.

Bn s hc cch s dng mt s thuc tnh v nhng phng thc ny lu tr d liu trong nhng i
tng Dataset trong chng ny. Bn s thy cch s dng nhng thuc tnh , nhng phng thc v nhng s
kin khc nh th no trong Chng 11, trong bn s hc sa i d liu trong i tng Dataset nh th
no , v sau gn nhng s sa i ti c s d liu.

TO MT I TNG SQLDATAPDAPTER:

Bn to mt i tng SqlDataAdapter s dng mt trong s nhng b khi to SqlDataAdapter sau y :
1, SqlDataAdapter()
2, SqlDataAdapter(SqlCommand mySqlCommand)
3, SqlDataAdapter(string selectCommandString, SqlConnection mySqlConnection)
4, SqlDataAdapter(string selectCommandString, string connectionString)

Vi
_ mySqlCommand i din i tng SqlCommand ca cc bn.
_ selectCommandString ch nh pht biu SELECT hay lnh gi th tc lu tr ca bn .
_ mySqlConnection i din i tng kt ni (SqlConnection) ca bn.
_ connectionString ch nh chui kt ni ca bn kt ni c s d liu.
V d sau y s dng b khi to SqlDataAdapter() to ra mt i tng SqlDataAdapter.
SqlDataAdapter mySqlDataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter();
Trc khi s dng mySqlDataAdapter lu tr mt Dataset bn phi gn thuc tnh SelectCommand ca n
vi mt SqlCommand cha mt pht biu SELECT hay lnh gi th tc lu tr. V d sau y to ra mt i
tng SqlCommand vi thuc tnh CommandText ca n c gn ti mt pht biu SELECT m s truy xut
nm hng u t bng sn phm, v thuc tnh CommandText ca mySqlDataAdapter c gn n i tng
SqlCommand va ni trn:
"FROM Products " +
mySqlDataAdapter.SelectCommand = mySqlCommand;

V d k tip s dng b khi to SqlDataAdapter(SqlCommand MySqlCommand) :
SqlDataAdapter mySqlDataAdapter = new SqlDataAdapter(mySqlCommand);

V d k tip s dng b khi to SqlDataAdapter(string SelectCommandString, SqlConnection
mySqlConnection) :

new SqlConnection(
string selectCommandString =
"FROM Products " +
ORDER BY ProductID";
SqlDataAdapter mySqlDataAdapter =
new SqlDataAdapter(selectCommandString, mySqlConnection);
V d cui cng s dng b khi to SqlDataAdapter(string SelectCommandString, chui connectionString) :
string selectCommandString =
"FROM Products " +
SqlDataAdapter mySqlDataAdapter =
new SqlDataAdapter(selectCommandString, connectionString);

Cnh bo
b khi dng ny gy ra i tng SqlDataAdapter to ra mt i tng SqlConnection ring bit khc. y
in hnh l iu khng ai mong mun t mt tnh hung thc thi v vic m mt kt ni n c s d liu s
dng mt i tng SqlConnection nm gi mt thi gian tng i di. do bn cn phi trnh s dng b
khi dng SqlDataAdapter(string selectCommandString, String connectionString). Thay vo , bn phi s
dng mt i tng SqlConnection hin hu vi i tng SqlDataAdapter ca cc bn.

Mt i tng DataAdapter khng ct gi nhng hng: n n thun hnh ng nh mt ng dn gia c s
d liu v mt i tng ca lp Dataset. Trong mc k tip, bn s hc v lp Dataset.

LP DATASET:

Bn s dng mt i tng ca lp Dataset i din cho mt bn sao cc b ca thng tin c ct gi trong
c s d liu. Bn c th thc hin nhng thay i ti bn sao cc b ny trong Dataset ca bn v sau sau
ng b ha nhng s thay i vi c s d liu thng qua mt DataAdapter. Mt Dataset c th i din
cho nhng cu trc c s d liu nh nhng bng, nhng hng v nhng ct. Bn c th thm ch thm nhng
s rng buc vo nhng bng cc b c ct gi ca bn gim st nhng s rng buc kha chnh v kha
ngoi.
Hnh 10.1 trnh by Dataset v mi quan h ca n ti vi i tng bn c th lu tr bn trong n. Nh bn
c th thy t hnh ny, bn c th lu tr nhiu i tng DataTable trong mt Dataset, vn vn.

Bng 10.4: nhng thuc tnh Dataset

Thuc tnh Kiu M t
CaseSensitive bool ly hay gn mt gi tr bool ch nh liu c phi nhng s so
snh chui bn trong nhng i tng DataTable th ph thuc
kiu ch.
DataSetName string ly hay gn tn ca i tng Dataset hin thi.
DefaultViewManager DataViewManager ly mt view chnh l ca d liu c lu tr trong i
tng Dataset . Bn s dng mt view lc, tm kim, v nh
hng Dataset.
EnforceConstraints bool ly hay gn mt gi tr bool ch nh liu c phi nhng quy tc
rng buc c gn theo, sau khi cp nht thng tin trong i
tng Dataset.
ExtendedProperties PropertyCollection ly mt tp hp (PropertyCollection) ca thng tin ngi s
dng. Bn c th s dng PropertyCollection lu gi nhng
chui vi bt k thng tin b sung no bn mun. Bn s s
dng phng thc Add() thng qua ExtendedProperties thm
mt chui.
HasErrors bool ly mt gi tr bool ch nh liu c phi c nhng li trong bt
k hng no trong nhng bng ca i tng Dataset.
Locale CultureInfo ly hay gn mt i tng CultureInfo cho Dataset. mt i
tng CultureInfo cha thng tin v mt mt c bit bao gm
tn ca n, h thng ghi v lch.
Namespace string ly hay gn namespace cho i tng Dataset. namespace l
Thuc tnh Kiu M t
mt chui c s dng khi c v vit mt ti liu XML s
dng nhng phng thc ReadXml(), WriteXml(),
ReadXmlSchema(), v WriteXmlSchema() . namespace c
dng gom nhm nhng thuc tnh XML v nhng phn t.
Prefix string ly hay gn tin t XML cho namespace Dataset. Tin t c
s dng trong mt ti liu XML xc nh nhng phn t l
thuc v namespace ca i tng Dataset.
Relations DataRelationCollection ly mt tp hp nhng quan h (DataRelationCollection) m
cho php s dn hng t mt bng cha n mt bng con. Mt
tp hp DataRelationCollection cha nhng i tng
DataRelation.
Tables DataTableCollection ly mt tp hp ca bng (DataTableCollection) m cha nhng
i tng DataTable c lu tr trong Dataset.

Bng 10.5 trnh by mt s phng thc ca Dataset.
AcceptChanges() void Hiu lc ha tt c nhng s thay i thc hin vi i tng Dataset
t khi n c ti hay t ln cui cng phng thc AcceptChanges()
c gi.
BeginInit() void S dng bi trnh thit k ca Visual Studio .NET khi to mt Dataset
c dng trong mt form hay thnh phn.
Clear() void loi b tt c cc hng t tt c cc bng trong i tng Datset.
Clone() DataSet Sao chp cu trc ca i tng Dataset v tr v bn sao ny. bn sao ny
cha tt c nhng m hnh, nhng quan h, nhng s rng buc v d
liu.
Copy() DataSet Copy cu trc v d liu ca i tng Dataset v tr li bn sao ny. bn
sao chp cha ng tt c nhng m hnh, nhng quan h, nhng s rng
buc, v d liu.
EndInit() void s dng bi trnh thit kVisual Studio .NET kt thc s khi to ca
mt Dataset c dng trong mt form hay thnh phn.
GetChanges() DataSet Qa ti. ly mt bn sao ca mi thay i thc hin ti i tng Dataset
t cui s ti hay t ln cui cng phng thc AcceptChanges() c
gi .
GetXml() string tr v trnh by XML ca d liu c lu gi trong i tng Dataset.
GetXmlSchema() string Tr v bn trnh by XML ca m hnh cho i tng Dataset.
HasChanges() bool S qu ti . Tr li mt gi tr bool ch bo liu c phi i tng Dataset
c thay i m cha c giao ph(cp nht c s d liu).
Merge() void Qu ti. trn Dataset ny vi i tng Dataset c ch nh khc.
ReadXml() XmlReadMode Qu ti . ti d liu t mt file XML vo trong i tng Dataset.
ReadXmlSchema() void Qu ti. np mt m hnh t mt file XML sp xp vo trong i tng
Dataset.
RejectChanges() void Hu tt c thay i c thc hin vi i tng Dataset t khi n c
to ra hay t ln cui cng phng thc AcceptChanges() c gi .
Reset() void t li i tng Dataset ti trng thi nguyn bn ca n.
WriteXml() void Qu ti. Vit d liu t i tng Dataset n mt file XML.
WriteXmlSchema() void Qu ti . Vit m hnh ca i tng Dataset ti mt file XML.

Bng 10.6 trnh by mt trong s nhng s kin Dataset.
MergeFailed MergeFailedEventHandler pht ra khi mt n lc thm mt DataRow vo mt Dataset m gi tr
kha chnh ca DataRow ny tn ti trong Dataset.

Trong mc k tip, bn s hc cch to ra mt i tng Dataset nh th no.

TO MT I TNG Dataset:

Bn to ra mt i tng Dataset s dng mt trong nhng b khi to Dataset sau y:

1, DataSet()
2, DataSet(string dataSetNameString)

dataSetNameString l chui gn ti thuc tnh DataSetName ca i tng dataset ca bn. S thit t
thuc tnh DataSetName l ty chn.

V d sau y s dng b khi dng Dataset() to mt i tng Dataset.

DataSet myDataSet = new DataSet();

V d k tip s dng b khi to Dataset(string dataSetNameString) to mt i tng dataset.

DataSet myDataSet = new DataSet("myDataSet");

LU TR MT I TNG DATASET:

Trong mc ny bn lm s hc cch lu tr mt Dataset nh th no_ s dng phng thc Fill() ca mt i
tng DataAdapter. c bit, bn s thy cch lu tr mt Dataset nh th no, s dng:

mt pht biu SELECT.
Mt phm vi nhng hng
mt th tc ni (stored procedure)

S DNG MT PHT BIU SELECT:

Trc khi bn lu tr mt Dataset u tin bn cn mt Connection, mt Command v Mt DataAdapter:

new SqlConnection(
"FROM Products " +

Ch : i tng mySqlCommand cha mt pht biu SELECT truy xut ProductID, ProductName, v
nhng ct UnitPrice ca nam hng u tin t bng Products.
______________________________________________________________________________________

Truy xut t nhiu bng
ng nhin, bn khng c gii hn mt pht biu SELECT m truy xut t mt bng n. Bn c
th s dng mt pht biu SELECT m truy xut t nhiu bng ang s dng mt lin kt, tuy nhin, Bn cn
phi in hnh trnh thc hin iu ny v mt DataTable c ngha c dng lu gi nhng hng t mt
bng c s d liu n.
_________________________________________________________________________________________

Tip theo, lu tr myDataSet vi nhng hng t bng Products, bn gi phng thc Fill() ca
mySqlDataAdapter. Chng hn:
int numberOfRows = mySqlDataAdapter.Fill(myDataSet, "Products");
Gi tr Int c tr li bi phng thc Fill() l s lng hng c ng b ha gia Dataset v c s d liu
qua DataAdapter. Trong v d trc, int l s lng hng c sao chp t bng Product n myDataSet v
c gn l 5- tc s lng hng c truy xut bi pht biu Select c trnh by trc.

Tham s u tin gn ti phng thc Fill() l Dataset ca bn, v tham s th hai l mt chui cha tn bn
mun gn cho DataTable c to ra trong Dataset ca bn.

Ghi ch:
Tn bn gn cho DataTable ca bn khng phi trng tn ca bng c s d liu. Bn c th s dng bt k
chui no, in hnh bn vn cn phi s dng tn ging nh vy, v n gip bn theo di ci m bng c s d
liu s dng lu tr DataTable ny.

Khi bn gi phng thc Fill() ln u, nhng bc sau y c thc hin bi ADO.NET:
1. pht biu SELECT trong SqlCommand ca bn c thc thi.
2. mt i tng DataTable mi c to ra trong Dataset ca bn.
3. DataTable ca bn c lu tr cng vi tp kt qu tr v bi pht biu SELECT.
Nu bn kt thc vi c s d liu sau khi gi phng thc Fill() bn cn phi ng i tng kt ni ca bn
s dng phng thc Close() .

Ghi ch:
phng thc Fill() s tht s m v ng Kt ni cho bn nu bn khng m n trc, tuy nhin, tt nht l m
v ng kt ni mt cch tng minh bi v cch ny l b thu dn m chng trnh ca bn thc hin. ng
thi, nu bn gi phng thc Fill() nhiu ln qua mt on ngn ca m, bn s mun gi kt ni c s d
liu m v ch ng n khi bn han tt. Dataset by gi c lu tr vi mt DataTable tn l Products . Bn
c th c Products DataTable t myDataSet s dng v d sau y:

DataTable myDataTable = myDataSet.Tables["Products"];

Bn c th cng c Products DataTable s dng mt gi tr int :

DataTable myDataTable = myDataSet.Tables[0];

Bn c th trnh by nhng gi tr ct cho mi hng myDataTable s dng vng lp foreach sau y duyt
qua nhng i tng DataRow c ct gi trong myDataTable; ch s s dng thuc tnh nhng hng ca
i tng myDataTable.

{
Console.WriteLine("ProductID = " + myDataRow["ProductID"]);
Console.WriteLine("ProductName = " + myDataRow["ProductName"]);
Console.WriteLine("UnitPrice = " + myDataRow["UnitPrice"]);
}

Nhng thuc tnh ca hng tr li mt i tng DataRowCollection cho php bn truy nhp tt c nhng i
tng DataRow ct gi trong myDataTable. Bn c th c mi gi tr ct mt DataRow s dng tn ca ct;
chng hn, c gi tr ct ProductID bn s dng myDataRow[ " ProductID "]. Bn cng c th s dng s ch
v tr ca ct; chng hn, myDataRow[0] tr v gi tr cho ct u tin . y l ct ProductID.

Bn cng c th s dng m sau y duyt qua mi DataTable, DataRow, V DataColumn c ct gi
trong myDataSet:

foreach (DataTable myDataTable in myDataSet.Tables)
{
{
{
}
}
}

Ch bn khng cn bit nhng tn ca nhng i tng DataTable hay DataColumn trnh by chng. S
gi phng thcWriteLine() s hin th myDataColumn, n tr v tn ca ct, V
myDataRow[myDataColumn], s tr li gi tr ct cho dng hin ti.

Ghi nh :Bn s thy nhng chi tit ca cc lp DataTable, DataRow, v DataColumn trong Chng 11.

Lit k 10.1 trnh by mt chng trnh s dng nhng v d m nu trong mc ny.

/*
PopulateDataSetUsingSelect.cs illustrates how to populate a DataSet
object using a SELECT statement
*/

using System;
using System.Data;

class PopulateDataSetUsingSelect
{
{
new SqlConnection(

// create a SqlCommand object and set its CommandText property
// to a SELECT statement that retrieves the top 5 rows from
// the Products table
"FROM Products " +

// create a SqlDataAdapter object and set its SelectCommand
// property to the SqlCommand object

// create a DataSet object

// open the database connection

// use the Fill() method of the SqlDataAdapter object to
// retrieve the rows from the table, storing the rows locally
// in a DataTable of the DataSet object
Console.WriteLine("Retrieving rows from the Products table");
Console.WriteLine("numberOfRows = " + numberOfRows);
// close the database connection

// get the DataTable object from the DataSet object

// display the column values for each row in the DataTable,
// using a DataRow object to access each row in the DataTable
{
}
}
}
Retrieving rows from the Products table
numberOfRows = 5
ProductID = 1
ProductName = Chai
UnitPrice = 18
ProductID = 2
ProductName = Chang
UnitPrice = 19
ProductID = 3
UnitPrice = 10
ProductID = 4
UnitPrice = 22
ProductID = 5
UnitPrice = 21.35

S DNG MT DI NHNG HNG:

Trong mc ny bn s hc cch lu tr mt Dataset nh th no vi mt phm vi ca nhng hng. By gi,
phng thc Fill() b qu ti v mt b phn danh sch ca nhng phng thc Fill() nh sau:

int Fill(DataSet myDataSet)
int Fill(DataTable myDataTable)
int Fill(DataSet myDataSet, string dataTableName)
int Fill(DataSet myDataSet, int startRow, int numOfRows,
string dataTableName)

dataTableName: ch nh mt chui cha ng tn ca DataTable in vo.
startRow: l mt int ch r v tr ca hng trong tp hp kt qu c (bt u ti 0).
NumOfRows: l mt int ch r s lng hng c.

Phm vi ca nhng hng t startRow n startRow+ numOfRows ri c ct gi trong DataTable. Int c
tr v bi phng thc Fill() l s lng hng truy xut c t c s d liu.

nh bn c th thy, phng thc Fill() cui cng cho php bn c tr mt Dataset vi mt phm vi nhng
hng. V d sau y cho thy cch s dng ca phng thc Fill() ny ct gi mt phm vi ca nhng hng.
N truy xut nm hng u tin t bng Products, nhng ct gi ch ba hng trong Products DataTable, Bt u
ti v tr 1 (v nhng hng c ghi s bt u ti 0 v tr 1 tng ng ti hng th hai trong tp hp kt qu tr
v bi pht biu SELECT) :

"FROM Products " +
int numberOfRows = mySqlDataAdapter.Fill(myDataSet, 1, 3, "Products");

Bin numberOfRows c gn l 3 _ l S lng hng c lu tr vi myDataSet . Mt iu nh l
DataAdapter vn truy xut tt c nm hng t bng Products, nhng ch ba hng tht s c dng c tr
Dataset: cn hai hng khc b b i.

Lit k 10.2 cho thy mt chng trnh s dng nhng v d m trnh by trong mc ny.

/*
PopulateDataSetUsingRange.cs illustrates how to populate a DataSet
object with a range of rows from a SELECT statement
*/

using System;
using System.Data;

class PopulateDataSetUsingRange
{
{
new SqlConnection(
// to a SELECT statement that retrieves the top 5 rows from
// the Products table
"FROM Products " +

// use the Fill() method of the SqlDataAdapter object to
// retrieve the rows from the table, storing a range of rows
// in a DataTable of the DataSet object
Console.WriteLine("Retrieving rows from the Products table");
int numberOfRows = mySqlDataAdapter.Fill(myDataSet, 1, 3, "Products");



{
}
}
}
Retrieving rows from the Products table
numberOfRows = 3
ProductID = 2
ProductName = Chang
UnitPrice = 19
ProductID = 3
UnitPrice = 10
ProductID = 4
UnitPrice = 22

S DNG MT TH TC LU TR:

Bn cng c th c tr mt i tng Dataset s dng mt th tc lu tr tr v mt tp hp kt qu . Chng
hn, c s d liu Northwind Ngi phc v SQL cha mt th tc lu tr c gi l CustOrderHist() n tr
v nhng sn phm v s lng sn phm c t bi mt khch hng. CustomerID ca khch hng c s
dng nh mt tham s cho CustOrderHist().

Danh sch 10.3 trnh by nh ngha ca th tc lu tr CustOrderHist() .

CREATE PROCEDURE CustOrderHist @CustomerID nchar(5)
AS
SELECT ProductName, Total=SUM(Quantity)
FROM Products P, [Order Details] OD, Orders O, Customers C
WHERE C.CustomerID = @CustomerID
AND C.CustomerID = O.CustomerID
AND O.OrderID = OD.OrderID
AND OD.ProductID = P.ProductID
GROUP BY ProductName

Ghi ch: Bn khng cn t to ra th tc lu tr CustOrderHist() . N c nh ngha trong c s d liu
Northwind.

Vic gi CustOrderHist() v vic lu tr mt Dataset vi tp hp kt qu c tr v l iu d dng. Chng
hn, m sau y to ra mt i tng SqlCommand, t i tng CommandText ca vi pht biu thc thi s
m gi th tc lu tr CustOrderHist(), v t tham s @CustomerID l ALFKI ( Nhng tham s ni qua trong
Chng 8, " Nhng lnh thc thi c s d liu "):

"EXECUTE CustOrderHist @CustomerID";
"@CustomerID", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 5).Value = "ALFKI";

Bn ri s dng m tng t nh trnh by trong mc trc lu tr mt Dataset vi tp hp kt qu c
tr v bi CustOrderHist():

int numberOfRows = mySqlDataAdapter.Fill(myDataSet, "CustOrderHist");

DataTable CustOrderHist cha bn trong myDataSet c lu tr vi tp hp kt qu tr v bi th tc
CustOrderHist() .

Danh sch 10.4 trnh by mt chng trnh s dng nhng v d m s dng trong mc ny.

/*
PopulateDataSetUsingProcedure.cs illustrates how to populate a
DataSet object using a stored procedure
*/

using System;
using System.Data;

class PopulateDataSetUsingProcedure
{
{
new SqlConnection(

// to call the CustOrderHist() stored procedure
"EXECUTE CustOrderHist @CustomerID";
"@CustomerID", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 5).Value = "ALFKI";

Console.WriteLine("Retrieving rows from the CustOrderHist() Procedure");
int numberOfRows = mySqlDataAdapter.Fill(myDataSet, "CustOrderHist");

DataTable myDataTable = myDataSet.Tables["CustOrderHist"];
{
Console.WriteLine("Total = " + myDataRow["Total"]);
}
}
}

u ra chng trnh ny nh sau:

Retrieving rows from the CustOrderHist() Procedure
numberOfRows = 11
Total = 6
ProductName = Chartreuse verte
Total = 21
ProductName = Escargots de Bourgogne
Total = 40
ProductName = Flotemysost
Total = 20
ProductName = Grandma's Boysenberry Spread
Total = 16
ProductName = Lakkalikri
Total = 15
ProductName = Original Frankfurter grne Soe
Total = 2
ProductName = Raclette Courdavault
Total = 15
ProductName = Rssle Sauerkraut
Total = 17
ProductName = Spegesild
Total = 2
ProductName = Vegie-spread
Total = 20

LU TR MT DATASET VI NHIU I TNG TADATABLE:

Bn c th c tr mt Dataset vi nhiu i tng DataTable. Bn c th mun lm iu khi bn cn truy
nhp thng tin c ct gi trong nhiu bng trong c s d liu. Bn c th s dng bt k k thut no sau
y c tr mt Dataset vi nhiu i tng DataTable :
S dng nhiu pht biu SELECT trong cng mt SelectCommand .
Thay i thuc tnh CommandText ca SelectCommand trc mi lnh gi phng thc Fill().
S dng nhiu i tng DataAdapter c tr cng mt Dataset .

Chng ta hy xem xt tt c nhng k thut ny.

S DNG NHIU PHT BIU SELECT TRONG CNG MT
SelectedCoommand:

Nhng v d sau y t thuc tnh CommandText ca mt SqlCommand vi hai pht biu SELECT ring bit


"FROM Products " +
"FROM Customers " +
"WHERE CustomerID = 'ALFKI';";

Ch : mi pht biu SELECT c tch ra bi mt du chm phy (;). Khi nhng pht biu SELECT ny
chy, hai tp hp kt qu c tr v: mt cha hai hng t bng Products, tp hp kt qu th hai cha mt
hng t bng Customers. Hai tp hp kt qu ny c ct gi trong nhng i tng DataTable ring bit bi
m sau y:

int numberOfRows = mySqlDataAdapter.Fill(myDataSet);

Ch : s s dng phng thc Fill(mydataset), khng ch nh tn ca DataTable s c to ra. Thay vo ,
tn ca hai i tng DataTable (dng ct gi nhng tp kt qu) c t ng gn theo mc nh l Table v
Table1. Table ct gi tp hp kt qu t Bng Products, v Table1 ct gi kt qu t nhng Bng Customers.

Tn ca mt i tng DataTable c ct gi trong thuc tnh TableName ca n, v bn c th thay i.
Chng hn, m sau y thay i tn ca Table ca Dataset thnh Products v Table1 ca Dataset thnh
Customers:

myDataSet.Tables["Table"].TableName = "Products";
myDataSet.Tables["Table1"].TableName = "Customers";

Danh sch 10.5 trnh by mt chng trnh s dng nhng v d m hin s dng trong mc ny.

/*
MutlipleDataTables.cs illustrates how to populate a DataSet
with multiple DataTable objects using multiple SELECT statements
*/

using System;
using System.Data;

class MultipleDataTables
{
{
new SqlConnection(

// to mutliple SELECT statements
"FROM Products " +
"FROM Customers " +


// change the TableName property of the DataTable objects
myDataSet.Tables["Table1"].TableName = "Customers";

{
Console.WriteLine("\nReading from the " +
myDataTable.TableName + "DataTable");
{
{
}
}
}
}
}
_________________________________________________________________________________________

u ra t chng trnh ny nh sau

numberOfRows = 3

Reading from the Products DataTable
ProductID = 1
ProductName = Chai
UnitPrice = 18
ProductID = 2
ProductName = Chang
UnitPrice = 19

Reading from the Customers DataTable
CustomerID = ALFKI
CompanyName = Alfreds Futterkiste

THAY I THUC TNH COMMANDTEXT CA SELECTCOMMAND:

Bn cng c th c tr mt Dataset vi nhiu i tng DataTable bi thay i thuc tnh CommandText ca
SelectCommand cho i tng DataAdapter ca bn trc trc mi lnh gi phng thc Fill(). u tin, m
sau y c tr mt Dataset vi mt DataTable cha hai hng t bng Products:

"FROM Products " +
i tng myDataSet by gi cha mt DataTable c tn Products.
Tip theo,thuc tnh CommandText cho SelectCommand ca mySqlDataAdapter c thay i ti mt pht
biu SELECT truy xut nhng hng t bng Customers, v phng thc Fill() c gi ln na:
mySqlDataAdapter.SelectCommand.CommandText =
"FROM Customers " +
"WHERE CustomerID = 'ALFKI'";
numberOfRows = mySqlDataAdapter.Fill(myDataSet, "Customers");

i tng MyDataSet by gi cha mt DataTable b sung t tn Customers.

Lit k 10.6 trnh by mt chng trnh s dng nhng v d m dng trong mc ny.

/*
MutlipleDataTables2.cs illustrates how to populate a DataSet
object with multiple DataTable objects by changing the
CommandText property of a DataAdapter object's SelectCommand
*/

using System;
using System.Data;

class MultipleDataTables2
{
{
new SqlConnection(
);

"FROM Products " +

// change the CommandText property of the SelectCommand
mySqlDataAdapter.SelectCommand.CommandText =
"FROM Customers " +
numberOfRows = mySqlDataAdapter.Fill(myDataSet, "Customers");


foreach (DataTable myDataTable in myDataSet.Tables) {
{
{
}
}
}
}
}
numberOfRows = 2
numberOfRows = 1

ProductID = 1
ProductName = Chai
UnitPrice = 18
ProductID = 2
ProductName = Chang
UnitPrice = 19

CustomerID = ALFKI

S DNG NHIU I TNG DATAADAPTER LU TR CNG MT
I TNG DATASET.

Bn cng c th c tr cng mt Dataset vi nhiu i tng DataTable s dng nhng i tng DataAdapter
khc nhau. Chng hn, gi thit bn c mt Dataset c tn myDataSet c c tr s dng mt
SqlDataAdapter c tn mySqlDataAdapter, V myDataSet ny ang cha mt DataTable t tn Products. V
d sau y to ra SqlDataAdapter khc v s dng c tr myDataSet vi DataTable khc tn Customers

SqlDataAdapter mySqlDataAdapter2 = new SqlDataAdapter();
mySqlDataAdapter2.SelectCommand = mySqlCommand;
mySqlDataAdapter2.SelectCommand.CommandText =
"FROM Customers " +
numberOfRows = mySqlDataAdapter2.Fill(myDataSet, "Customers");

Lit k 10.7 trnh by mt chng trnh s dng nhng v d m nu trong mc ny

/*
utlipleDataTables3.cs illustrates how to populate a DataSet
bject with multiple DataTable objects using multiple
ataAdapter objects to populate the same DataSet object
*/

using System;
using System.Data;
class MultipleDataTables3

Pblic static void Main()
{
new SqlConnection(

"FROM Products " +
int numberOfRows = mySqlDataAdapter1.Fill(myDataSet, "Products");

// create another DataAdapter object
mySqlDataAdapter2.SelectCommand.CommandText =
"FROM Customers " +
numberOfRows = mySqlDataAdapter2.Fill(myDataSet, "Customers");

{
{
{
}
}
}
}


numberOfRows = 2
numberOfRows = 1

ProductID = 1
ProductName = Chai
UnitPrice = 18
ProductID = 2
ProductName = Chang
UnitPrice = 19

CustomerID = ALFKI

TRN NHNG I TNG DATAROW, DATASET, V DATATABLE VO
TRONG DATASET KHC:

Trong mc ny, bn s hc cch s dng phng thc Merge() trn nhng i tng DataRow, Dataset, v
DataTable vo trong Dataset khc nh th no. Bn c th s mun lm iu ny khi Bn c nhiu ngun d
liu; v d bn c nhiu d liu t nhiu vn phng khu vc c gi n tr s chnh, v bn cn trn tt c d
liu vo trong mt Dataset.

Phng thc Merge() qu ti nh sau:

void Merge(DataRow[] myDataRows)
void Merge(DataSet myDataSet)
void Merge(DataTable myDataTable)
void Merge(DataSet myDataSet, bool preserveChanges)
void Merge(DataRow[] myDataRows, bool preserveChanges,
MissingSchemaAction myMissingSchemaAction)
void Merge(DataSet myDataSet, bool preserveChanges,
void Merge(DataTable myDataTable, bool preserveChanges,

Vi:
PreserveChanges: ch r liu c phi nhng s thay i trong Dataset hin thi (Dataset vi phng
thc Merge() c gi) s c gi li.
MyMissingSchemaAction : ch nh hot ng nm bt khi Dataset hin thi khng c nhng bng
hay nhng ct ging nh trong DataRow, Dataset, hay DataTable ang c trn vo trong
Dataset ny.

Bn gn myMissingSchemaAction vi mt trong s nhng hng s c nh ngha trong lp lit k
System.Data.MissingSchemaAction.
Bng 10.7 cho thy nhng hng s nh ngha trong lp lit k MissingSchemaAction.
Bng 10.7: Lit k nhng phn t MissingSchemaAction
Hng s M t
Add Ct hay bng c thm vo Dataset hin thi. Add l mc nh.
AddWithKey Thng tin ct v kha chnh c thm vo Dataset hin thi.
Error Mt SystemException c tung ra.
Ignore Ct hay bng c l i v khng phi c.

Danh sch 10.8 minh ha cch s dng phng thc Merge().
/*
Merge.cs illustrates how to use the Merge() method
*/

using System;
using System.Data;

class Merge
{
{
new SqlConnection(


// populate myDataSet with three rows from the Customers table
"SELECT CustomerID, CompanyName, ContactName, Address " +
"FROM Customers " +
"WHERE CustomerID IN ('ALFKI', 'ANATR', 'ANTON')";
mySqlDataAdapter.Fill(myDataSet, "Customers");

// populate myDataSet2 with two rows from the Customers table
"SELECT CustomerID, CompanyName, ContactName, Address " +
"FROM Customers " +
"WHERE CustomerID IN ('AROUT', 'BERGS')";
DataSet myDataSet2 = new DataSet();
mySqlDataAdapter.Fill(myDataSet2, "Customers2");

// populate myDataSet3 with five rows from the Products table
"FROM Products " +
DataSet myDataSet3 = new DataSet();
mySqlDataAdapter.Fill(myDataSet3, "Products");


// merge myDataSet2 into myDataSet
myDataSet.Merge(myDataSet2);

// merge myDataSet3 into myDataSet
myDataSet.Merge(myDataSet3, true, MissingSchemaAction.Add);

// display the rows in myDataSet
{
Console.WriteLine("\nReading from the " + myDataTable + "DataTable");
{
{
}
}
}
}
}

CustomerID = ALFKI
ContactName = Maria Anders
Address = Obere Str. 57
CustomerID = ANATR
CompanyName = Ana Trujillo3 Emparedados y helados
ContactName = Ana Trujillo
Address = Avda. de la Constitucin 2222
CustomerID = ANTON
CompanyName = Antonio Moreno Taquera
ContactName = Antonio Moreno
Address = Mataderos 2312

Reading from the Customers2 DataTable
CustomerID = AROUT
CompanyName = Around the Horn
ContactName = Thomas Hardy
Address = 120 Hanover Sq.
CustomerID = BERGS
CompanyName = Berglunds snabbkp
ContactName = Christina Berglund
Address = Berguvsvgen 8

ProductID = 1
ProductName = Chai
UnitPrice = 18
ProductID = 2
ProductName = Chang
UnitPrice = 19
ProductID = 3
UnitPrice = 10
ProductID = 4
UnitPrice = 22
ProductID = 5
UnitPrice = 21.35

VIT V C XML S DNG I TNG DATASET:

XML l mt nh dng tin li cho s chuyn di thng tin qua li. Bn c th vit ra ni dung ca nhng i
tng DataTable c cha trong mt Dataset thnh mt file XML s dng phng thc WriteXml() . file
XML c vit bi phng thc ny cha ng nhng tn ct v nhng gi tr ca DataTable .

Bn c th vit ra m hnh ca mt i tng Dataset thnh mt file XML s dng phng thc
WriteXmlSchema() . file XML c vit bi phng php ny cha ng cu trc ca nhng i tng
DataTable lu tr trong Dataset. Bn cng c th ly XML trong mt Dataset s dng phng thc GetXml() ,
tr v XML trong mt chui.

Bn c th c ni dung ca nhng i tng DataTable trong mt file XML vo trong mt Dataset s dng
phng thc ReadXml() . Bn cng c th c m hnh cha trong mt mt file XML s dng phng thc
ReadXmlSchema() .
Ghi ch
my ch phc v SQL cng cha chc nng XML dng sn rng ln, m bn s hc Trong Chng 16, "s
dng H tr XML ca my ch phc v SQL ."

S DNG PHNG THC WriteXml():

Cho rng bn c mt i tng Dataset t tn MyDataSet. Gi thit rng myDataSet c mt DataTable cha
nhng ct CustomerID, CompanyName, ContactName, V Address thuc hai hng u tin t bng Customers.
M sau y cho thy iu ny

"FROM Customers " +
Console.WriteLine("Retrieving rows from the Customers table");

Bn c th vit ra ni dung ca myDataSet thnh mt file XML s dng phng thc WriteXml() . th d:

myDataSet.WriteXml("myXmlFile.xml");

m ny vit ra mt file XML c tn myXmlFile.xml, Nh trnh by trong Danh sch 10.9.

Danh sch 10.9: MYXMLFILE XML
<?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes"?>
<NewDataSet>
<Customers>
<CustomerID>ALFKI</CustomerID>
<CompanyName>Alfreds Futterkiste</CompanyName>
<ContactName>Maria Anders</ContactName>
<Address>Obere Str. 57</Address>
</Customers>
<Customers>
<CustomerID>ANATR</CustomerID>
<CompanyName>Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados</CompanyName>
<ContactName>Ana Trujillo</ContactName>
<Address>Avda. de la Constitucin 2222</Address>
</Customers>
</NewDataSet>

Nh bn c th thy, file ny cha nhng ct thuc nhng hng truy xut t bng Customers.

Phng thc WriteXml() c ti nh sau:
void WriteXml(Stream myStream);
void WriteXml(string fileName);
void WriteXml(TextWriter myTextWriter);
void WriteXml(XmlWriter myXmlWriter);
void WriteXml(stream myStream, XmlWriteMode myXmlWriteMode);
void WriteXml(string fileName, XmlWriteMode myXmlWriteMode);
void WriteXml(TextWriter myTextWriter, XmlWriteMode myXmlWriteMode);
void WriteXml(XmlWriter myXmlWriter, XmlWriteMode myXmlWriteMode);

vi myXmlWriteMode l mt hng s t lp lit k System.Data.XmlWriteMode n ch nh vit d liu v
m hnh XML nh th no
Bng 10.8 cho thy nhng hng s nh ngha trong kiu lit k XmlWriteMode.

Hng s M t
DiffGram Vit ra DataSet nh mt DiffGram, cha nhng gi tr ban u v nhng s thay i ti
nhng gi tr ny lm chng lu hnh. Bn c th pht sinh mt DiffGram m ch cha
nhng s thay i bi gi phng thc GetChanges() ca Dataset ca bn, v sau gi
WriteXml().
IgnoreSchema Ch vit ra d liu trong Dataset, khng vit ra m hnh. IgnoreSchema l mc nh.
WriteSchema Vit ra m hnh trong Dataset.

V d sau y cho thy s s dng hng s XmlWriteMode.WriteSchema
myDataSet.WriteXml("myXmlFile2.xml", XmlWriteMode.WriteSchema);

M ny ghi ra mt file XML c tn myXmlFile2.xml, Nh trnh by trong Danh sch 10.10.
Danh sch 10.10: MYXMLFILE2. XML
<NewDataSet>
<xsd:schema id="NewDataSet" targetNamespace="" xmlns=""
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:msdata="urn:schemas-microsoft-
com:xml-msdata">
<xsd:element name="NewDataSet" msdata:IsDataSet="true">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:choice maxOccurs="unbounded">
<xsd:element name="Customers">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="CustomerID" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" />
<xsd:element name="CompanyName" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" />
<xsd:element name="ContactName" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" />
<xsd:element name="Address" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" />
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:choice>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:schema>
<Customers>
<ContactName>Maria Anders</ContactName>
<Address>Obere Str. 57</Address>
</Customers>
<Customers>
<CompanyName>Ana Trujillo3 Emparedados y helados</CompanyName>
<ContactName>Ana Trujillo</ContactName>
<Address>Avda. de la Constitucin 2222</Address>
</Customers>
</NewDataSet>

Nh bn c th thy, file ny cha nh ngha m hnh cho nhng ct c dng trong pht biu nguyn thu
SELECT, cng nh nhng gi tr ct cho nhng hng c truy xut.

S DNG PHNG THC WriteXmlSchema():

Bn c th vit ra m hnh ca myDataSet ti mt file XML s dng phng thc WriteXmlSchema() . Chng
hn:
myDataSet.WriteXmlSchema("myXmlSchemaFile.xml");

M ny vit ra mt file XML c tn myXmlSchemaFile.xml, nh trnh by trong Danh sch 10.11.
Danh sch 10.11: MYXMLSCHEMAFILE.XML
<xsd:schema id="NewDataSet" targetNamespace="" xmlns=""
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
xmlns:msdata="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata">
<xsd:element name="NewDataSet" msdata:IsDataSet="true">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:choice maxOccurs="unbounded">
<xsd:element name="Customers">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="CustomerID" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" />
<xsd:element name="CompanyName" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" />
<xsd:element name="ContactName" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" />
<xsd:element name="Address" type="xsd:string" minOccurs="0" />
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:choice>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:schema>

Nh bn c th thy, file ny cha nh ngha m hnh cho nhng ct c truy xut t bng Customers bi
pht biu nguyn thu SELECT.

S DNG PHNG THC ReadXml()

Bn c th c ni dung ca mt file XML vo trong mt i tng Dataset s dng phng thc ReadXml() .
Phng thc ny c nhng hng v nhng ct t file XML vo trong nhng i tng DataTable ca Dataset.
Chng hn, pht biu sau y s dng phng thc ReadXml() c file XML myXmlFile.xml c vit
trc bi phng thc WriteXml() :
myDataSet.ReadXml("myXmlFile.xml");

Phng thc ReadXml() c ti nh sau:

void ReadXml(Stream myStream);
void ReadXml(string fileName);
void ReadXml(TextReader myTextReader);
void ReadXml(XmlReader myXmlReader);
void ReadXml(stream myStream, XmlReadMode myXmlReadMode);
void ReadXml(string fileName, XmlReadMode myXmlReadMode);
void ReadXml(TextReader myTextReader, XmlReadMode myXmlReadMode);
void ReadXml(XmlReader myXmlReader, XmlReadMode myXmlReadMode);

vi myXmlReadMode l mt hng s t s lit k System.Data.XmlReadMode n ch nh cch c D liu
v m hnh XML .
Bng 10.9 cho thy nhng hng s nh ngha trong kiu lit k XmlReadMode.
Bng 10.9: nhng thnh vin Lit k XmlReadMode
Hng s M t
Auto
c file XML trong mt thi thch hp:
Nu file XML cha mt DiffGram, th XmlReadMode c gn ti DiffGram.
Nu Dataset cha mt m hnh hay file XML cha mt m hnh, th XmlReadMode
c gn l ReadSchema.
Nu DataSet khng cha mt m hnh v file XML khng cha mt m hnh, th
XmlReadMode c gn l InferSchema.
Auto l mc nh
DiffGram c file XML nh mt DiffGram, cha nhng gi tr ban u v nhng thay i ti nhng gi
tr lm chng lu hnh. ri nhng thay i ny c ng dng vo Dataset ca bn . n
tng t nh gi phng thc Merge() ca mt Dataset trong nhng s thay i t mt
Dataset c trn vi ci khc.
Fragment c mt file XML c cha nhng on m hnh inline XDR nh nhng th c pht sinh bi
vic thc thi nhng pht biu SELECT cha nhng mnh FOR XML .
IgnoreSchema Ch c d liu trong Dataset, khng c m hnh.
InferSchema Phn tch m hnh ca file XML bi vic kho st d liu c lu tr trong n.
ReadSchema c m hnh t file XML ri ghi vo trong Dataset.

V d sau y cho thy s s dng hng s XmlReadMode.ReadSchema:

myDataSet.ReadXml("myXmlFile2.xml", XmlReadMode.ReadSchema);

Danh sch 10.12 minh ha cch vit v c nhng file XML s dng ADO.NET.

Danh sch 10.12: WRITEANDREADXML.CS

/*
WriteAndReadXml.cs illustrates how to write and read XML files
*/

using System;
using System.Data;

class WriteAndReadXML
{
{
new SqlConnection(

"FROM Customers " +
Console.WriteLine("Retrieving rows from the Customers table");

// use the WriteXml() method to write the DataSet out to an
// XML file
Console.WriteLine("Writing rows out to an XML file named " +
"myXmlFile.xml using the WriteXml() method");
myDataSet.WriteXml("myXmlFile.xml");

Console.WriteLine("Writing schema out to an XML file named " +
"myXmlFile2.xml using the WriteXml() method");
myDataSet.WriteXml("myXmlFile2.xml", XmlWriteMode.WriteSchema);

// use the WriteXmlSchema() method to write the schema of the
// DataSet out to an XML file
Console.WriteLine("Writing schema out to an XML file named " +
"myXmlSchemaFile.xml using the WriteXmlSchema() method");
myDataSet.WriteXmlSchema("myXmlSchemaFile.xml");

// use the Clear() method to clear the current rows in the DataSet
myDataSet.Clear();

// use the ReadXml() method to read the contents of the XML file
// into the DataSet
Console.WriteLine("Reading rows from myXmlFile.xml " +
"using the ReadXml() method");
myDataSet.ReadXml("myXmlFile.xml");

DataTable myDataTable = myDataSet.Tables["Customers"];
{
Console.WriteLine("CustomerID = " + myDataRow["CustomerID"]);
Console.WriteLine("CompanyName = " + myDataRow["CompanyName"]);
Console.WriteLine("ContactName = " + myDataRow["ContactName"]);
Console.WriteLine("Address = " + myDataRow["Address"]);
}
}
}
Retrieving rows from the Customers table
Writing rows out to an XML file named myXmlFile.xml using
the WriteXml() method
Writing schema out to an XML file named myXmlFile2.xml
using the WriteXml() method
Writing schema out to an XML file named myXmlSchemaFile.xml
using the WriteXmlSchema() method
Reading rows from myXmlFile.xml using the ReadXml() method
CustomerID = ALFKI
ContactName = Maria Anders
CustomerID = ANATR
CompanyName = Ana Trujillo3 Emparedados y helados
ContactName = Ana Trujillo
Address = Avda. de la Constitucin 2222

V BN NHNG BNG V CT:

Trong chng 3, "Gii thiu ngn ng truy vn c cu trc (SQL) ," bn hc iu ny t kha As c dng
ch nh mt b danh cho mt bng hay ct. V d sau y s dng t kha As t b danh cho ct
CustomerID l MyCustomer v b danh bng Customers l Cust:

SELECT CustomerID AS MyCustomer, CompanyName, Address
FROM Customers AS Cust
WHERE CustomerID = 'ALFKI';

Hnh 10.2 cho thy nhng kt qu ca pht biu SELECT ny.

M sau y s dng pht biu SELECT ny c tr mt i tng Dataset c tn myDataSet:

"SELECT CustomerID AS MyCustomer, CompanyName, Address " +
"FROM Customers AS Cust " +

Ch phng thc Fill() ch nh tn ca DataTable nh Customers, m c bit nh l tn ca DataTable
ngun.

v bn mt DataTable trong Dataset ca bn, bn to ra mt i tng ca lp DataTableMapping s
dng phng thc Add(); lp ny thuc namespace System.Data.Common , m bn cn phi ti vo trong
chng trnh ca bn. V d sau y to ra mt i tng DataTableMapping c tn myDataTableMapping, v
chuyn giao Customers v Cust (nh hai tham s) ti phng thc Add():

DataTableMapping myDataTableMapping =
mySqlDataAdapter.TableMappings.Add("Customers", "Cust");

Ch rng phng thc Add() c gi thng qua thuc tnh TableMappings. Thuc tnh TableMappings tr
li mt i tng ca lp TableMappingCollection .i tng ny l mt tp hp ca nhng i tng
TableMapping, v bn s dng mt i tng TableMapping v bn tn ngun ny ti mt tn DataTable
khc, bi vy, v d trc y v bn tn ngun ca Customers ti Cust.

Bn c th c bn ny s dng nhng thuc tnh ca SourceTable v DataSetTable ca
myDataTableMapping. Chng hn:

Console.WriteLine("myDataTableMapping.SourceTable = " +
myDataTableMapping.SourceTable);
Console.WriteLine("myDataTableMapping.DataSetTable = " +
myDataTableMapping.DataSetTable);

V d ny hin th nh sau:

myDataTableMapping.DataSetTable = Cust
myDataTableMapping.SourceTable = Customers

Bn cng cn phi thay i thuc tnh TableName ca i tng DataTable trong Dataset ca bn gi cho
nhng tn vng chc:

myDataSet.Tables["Customers"].TableName = "Cust";

Mo nh : iu quan trng l bn phi thay i TableName v nu khng n s gi tn nguyn bn ca
Customers, v l mt cht rc ri khi bn ch nh nh x t Customers n Cust trc .

Tip theo, t b danh ct CustomerID l MyCustomer, Bn gi phng thc Add() thng qua thuc tnh
ColumnMappings ca myDataTableMapping:

myDataTableMapping.ColumnMappings.Add("CustomerID", "MyCustomer");

Thuc tnh ColumnMappings tr li mt i tng ca lp DataColumnMappingCollection. i tng ny l
mt tp hp ca nhng i tng DataColumnMapping. Bn s dng mt i tng DataColumnMapping
v bn mt tn ct t c s d liu n mt tn ct d liu khc, do , v d trc y v bn tn ct
CustomerID t c s d liu n tn MyCustomer DataColumn.

Danh sch 10.13 minh ha cch v bn nhng tn bng v ct s dng m trnh by trong mc ny.

Danh sch 10.13: MAPPINGS.CS

/*
Mappings.cs illustrates how to map table and column names
*/

using System;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.Common;

class Mappings
{
{
new SqlConnection(
"SELECT CustomerID AS MyCustomer, CompanyName, Address " +
"FROM Customers AS Cust " +

// create a DataTableMapping object
DataTableMapping myDataTableMapping =
mySqlDataAdapter.TableMappings.Add("Customers", "Cust");

// change the TableName property of the DataTable object
myDataSet.Tables["Customers"].TableName = "Cust";

// display the DataSetTable and SourceTable properties
Console.WriteLine("myDataTableMapping.DataSetTable = " +
myDataTableMapping.DataSetTable);
Console.WriteLine("myDataTableMapping.SourceTable = " +
myDataTableMapping.SourceTable);

// map the CustomerID column to MyCustomer
myDataTableMapping.ColumnMappings.Add("CustomerID", "MyCustomer");

DataTable myDataTable = myDataSet.Tables["Cust"];
{
Console.WriteLine("CustomerID = " + myDataRow["MyCustomer"]);
Console.WriteLine("CompanyName = " + myDataRow["CompanyName"]);
Console.WriteLine("Address = " + myDataRow["Address"]);
}
}
}

myDataTableMapping.DataSetTable = Cust
myDataTableMapping.SourceTable = Customers
CustomerID = ALFKI

C MT GI TR CT S DNG NHNG LP DATASET NH KIU
D LIU MNH:

Mt i tng Dataset nh kiu mnh cho php bn c mt gi tr ct s dng mt thuc tnh cng tn vi
ct. Chng hn, c gi tr CustomerID ca mt ct, bn c th s dng myDataRow.CustomerID hn l
myDataRow[ " CustomerID "]. y l mt c tnh hay bi v trnh bin dch c th bt bt k li chnh t no
trong tn ct trong thi gian bin tp hn l thi gian chy. Chng hn, nu bn ghi sai CustomerID l
CustimerID, v li b bt ngay bi trnh bin dch.

c tnh khc ca mt Dataset nh kiu d liu mnh l khi bn lm vic vi n trong VS .NET, trnh cm
ng thng minh t ng bt ra nhng thuc tnh v nhng phng thc ca Dataset ny khi bn ang g phm.
v Bn c th chn thuc tnh hay phng thc t danh sch, hn l phi g mi th vo.

B su ca vic s dng mt Dataset nh kiu d liu mnh l bn phi thc hin vi cng vic ban u no
to ra n trc khi bn c th s dng n. Nu nhng ct trong nhng bng c s d liu ca bn khng
thng xuyn thay i , th bn cn phi cn trng s dng nhng i tng Dataset nh kiu d liu mnh.
Mt khc, nu nhng bng c s d liu ca cc bn thng thay i, bn cn phi trnh chng bi v bn s
phi to li Dataset nh kiu mnh gi cho n ng b vi nh ngha ca bng c s d liu.

Ghi nh: Bn s tm thy mt d n v d c b sung VS .NET cho mc ny trong th mc
StronglyTypedDataSet. Bn c th m d n ny trong VS .Net bi chn File _ Open Project v m file
WindowsApplication4.csproj . Bn s cn thay i thuc tnh ConnectionString ca i tng sqlConnection1
ni ti c s d liu Northwind SQL Server ca bn. Bn c th cng theo cng vi nhng ch dn trong
mc ny bi vic sao chp th mc DataReader n th mc khc v s dng d n ny nh im xut pht
ca bn.

TO MT LP DATASET NH KIU MNH:

Trong mc ny, bn s to ra mt lp Dataset nh kiu mnh m c dng truy nhp bng Customers.
Nu bn theo nhng ch dn ny, m d n DataReader trong VS .NET v nhn p Form1.cs trong ca s
Solution Explorer. Bn m ca s Solution Explorer bng cch chn View Solution Explorer.

Tip theo, chn File Add New Item. Chn Dataset t vng khung mu v g vo MyDataSet.xsd, nh trnh
by trong hnh 10.3 .

Kch nt Open tip tc.

VS .NET s thm MyDataSet.xsd ti d n ca bn, nh trnh by trong hnh 10.4.

di v pha tri ca Hnh 10.4, bn ch hai tab: Dataset v XML. tab Dataset c trnh by theo mc
nh v bn s dng n xem visual view ca Dataset ca bn. tab XML cho php bn xem File XML ca
Dataset ca bn.

Tip theo, hy chc chn rng bn m ca s Explorer window; m ca s, chn View Server Explorer.
M nt Data Connections v hoc s dng mt kt ni hin hu ti c s d liu Northwind hoc to ra mt
kt ni mi bng cch nhn phi trn nt Data Connection v chn Add Connection t thc n s xung.

Nhn p i tng kt ni ca bn trong ca s Sever Explorer v tm xung ti bng, View hay th tc lu
tr m bn mun s dng, v ri ko n vo form ca bn , bt u thc hin _ko bng Customers ln form
ca bn.

Hnh 10.5 cho thy form khi bng Customers c thm.

Ghi nh : Bn c th thm nhiu bng vo form ca bn v nh ngha nhng quan h gia chng.

Tip theo, lu cng vic ca bn bi chn File Save All hay nhn Ctrl+ S trn bn phm .

D n ca bn by gi cha ng mt File XSD c tn MyDataSet.xsd, nh trnh by trong danh sch 10.14 .
Bn c th xem file ny bi vic kch tab XML ti y ca ca s thit k XML.

Danh sch 10.14: MYDATASET.XSD

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<xs:schema id="MyDataSet"
targetNamespace="http://tempuri.org/MyDataSet.xsd" elementFormDefault="qualified"
attributeFormDefault="qualified"
xmlns="http://tempuri.org/MyDataSet.xsd"
xmlns:mstns="http://tempuri.org/MyDataSet.xsd"
xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
xmlns:msdata="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata">
<xs:element name="MyDataSet" msdata:IsDataSet="true">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:choice maxOccurs="unbounded">
<xs:element name="Customers">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="CustomerID" type="xs:string" />
<xs:element name="CompanyName" type="xs:string" />
<xs:element name="ContactName" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" />
<xs:element name="ContactTitle" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" />
<xs:element name="Address" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" />
<xs:element name="City" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" />
<xs:element name="Region" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" />
<xs:element name="PostalCode" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" />
<xs:element name="Country" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" />
<xs:element name="Phone" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" />
<xs:element name="Fax" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" />
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
</xs:choice>
</xs:complexType>
<xs:unique name="MyDataSetKey1" msdata:PrimaryKey="true">
<xs:selector xpath=".//mstns:Customers" />
<xs:field xpath="mstns:CustomerID" />
</xs:unique>
</xs:element>
</xs:schema>

Ch : file ny cha nhng chi tit ca nhng ct trong bng Customs.

D n ca bn cng cha mt lp mi c tn file l MyDataSet.cs, n cha lp Dataset nh kiu mnh ca bn.
Bn c xem ni dung ca file ny s dng Ca s Solution Explorer . Bn m ca s Solution Explorer bi
chn View Solution Explorer .

Ghi ch: xem file MyDataSet.cs, kch nt Show All Files trong ca s Solution Explorer.

Tip theo, bung nt bn di MyDataSet.xsd. Bn s thy MyDataSet.cs, nh trnh by trong Hnh 10.6 , v
mt file c tn MyDataSet.xsx, n cha thng tin v cch trnh by cnh quan trc quan ca Dataset ca bn.

khi s _ m MyDataSet.cs bng cch nhn p n trong ca s Solution Explorer. xem m ca form ny bi
vic chn View Code. Mt trong nhng lp c khai bo trong file ny l MyDataSet. Lp ny bt ngun t
lp Dataset. Bn s s dng n trong mc tip theo to ra mt i tng Dataset nh kiu mnh truy
nhp bng Customers .

S DNG LP DATASET NH KIU MNH:

Mt khi bn c lp MyDataSet nh kiu mnh , bn c th to ra mt i tng ca lp ny s dng m sau
y:

MyDataSet myDataSet = new MyDataSet();

Bn cng c th to ra mt i tng bng DataTable nh kiu mnh s dng lp MyDataSet.
CustomersDataTable v c tr n vi nhng hng t bng Customers. v d, bn c th t phng thc
Form1_Load() ca form ca bn truy xut nhng gi tr ct CustomerID, CompanyName, V Address t
bng Customers v gn chng vo mt iu khin ListView c tn listView1. lm iu ny, nhn p
Form1.cs Trong ca s Solution Explorer , xem m, v t phng thc Form1_Load() nh sau:

{
System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand mySqlCommand =
sqlConnection1.CreateCommand();
"SELECT CustomerID, CompanyName, Address " +
"FROM Customers " +
System.Data.SqlClient.SqlDataAdapter mySqlDataAdapter =
new System.Data.SqlClient.SqlDataAdapter();
MyDataSet myDataSet = new MyDataSet();
MyDataSet.CustomersDataTable myDataTable = myDataSet.Customers;
foreach (MyDataSet.CustomersRow myDataRow in myDataTable.Rows)
{
listView1.Items.Add(myDataRow.CustomerID);
listView1.Items.Add(myDataRow.CompanyName);
listView1.Items.Add(myDataRow.Address);
}
}

Thuc tnh myDataRow.CustomerID tr li gi tr ct CustomerID, vn vn. Bin tp v chy form ca bn
trong mt bc bi chn Debug Start Without Debugging. Hnh 10.7 cho thy kt qu s chy form.

Ghi nh: lp MyDataSet cha mt s phng thc cho php bn sa i nhng hng c ct gi trong mt
i tng MyDataSet. Nhng phng thc ny bao gm NewCustomersRow(), AddCustomersRow(),
FindByCustomerID(), V RemoveCustomersRow(). Bn cng c th kim tra liu mt gi tr ct cha ng
mt gi tr null s dng nhng phng thc nh IsContactNameNull(), V Bn c th t mt ct vi gi tr
null s dng nhng phng thc nh SetContactNameNull(). Bn s hc cch s dng nhng phng thc ny
trong Chng 11.

TO MT I TNG DataAdapter S DNG VISUAL STUDIO .NET:

Trong mc ny, bn s hc cch to mt DataAdapter nh th no s dng Visual Studio .NET.

Ghi nh: Bn s tm thy mt d n VS .NET cho mc ny trong th mc DataAdapter. Bn c th m d
n ny Trong VS .NET bi chn File Open Project v M File WindowsApplication4.csproj . Bn s cn
thay i thuc tnh ConnectionString ca i tng sqlConnection1 kt ni ti c s d liu ca bn.
Bn c th cng c th theo nhng ch dn trong mc ny bi vic sao chp th mc DataReader n th
mc khc v s dng d n ny nh im xut pht ca bn.

M form ca bn bng cch nhn p Form1.cs trong ca s Solution Explorer. Tip theo, to mt i tng
SqlDataAdapter bng cch ko mt i tng SqlDataAdapter t tab D liu ca hp Toolbox n form ca
bn. Khi bn ko mt i tng SqlDataAdapter ti form , mt trnh Wizard Data Adapter Configuration khi
chy (Cu hnh B tip hp D liu), nh trnh by trong Hnh 10.8.

Hnh 10.8: trnh hng dn to Cu hnh B tip hp D liu

Kch nt Next tip tc.

Bn by gi chn i tng kt ni c s d liu Bn mun s dng, hay Bn c th to ra mt i tng kt
ni mi. chn c s d liu cn kt ni Northwind trong danh sch comboBox( Hay to ra mt kt ni mi nu
bn cha c sn ), Nh trnh by trong Hnh 10.9.

Hnh 10.9: chn kt ni d liu ca bn

Kch nt Next tip tc.

Tip theo, bn t query type ca bn l "Use SQL statements." ( S dng nhng cu lnh SQL.) Nh bn c
th thy t Hnh 10.10, bn t query type ca bn s dng nhng cu lnh SQL, to ra nhng th tc lu
tr mi, hay s dng nhng th tc lu tr hin c. Nhng cu lnh SQL hay nhng th tc lu tr ri c s
dng trong nhng thuc tnh SelectCommand, InsertCommand, UpdateCommand, V DeleteCommand ca
i tng SqlDataAdapter ca bn. Bn s hc ba thuc tnh sau cng ny trong Chng 11; chng c dng
chn, cp nht, v xa nhng hng.

Hnh 10.10: chn query type ca cc bn

Chc chn rng bn c chn "Use SQL statements", v kch nt Next tip tc.

Hnh 10.11: pht sinh nhng cu lnh SQL

Pht biu SELECT m bn nhp vo by gi c dng pht sinh nhng cu lnh SQL INSERT, UPDATE,
and DELETE cng vi nhng nh x bng. Hnh 10.12 cho thy hp thoi cui cng ca wizard to "Cu hnh
B tip hp D liu"(Data Adapter Configuration Wizard ).

Hnh 10.12:Hp thoi Cui cng ca wizard to Cu hnh B tip hp D liu

Kch nt Finish hon thnh wizard. Mt i tng SqlDataAdapter c tn sqlDataAdapter1, by gi c
thm vo khay di form ca bn , nh trong Hnh 10.13.

Hnh 10.13: i tng SqlDataAdapter mi trong khay

Cnh bo: Bn cn t thuc tnh Connection ca SelectCommand trong i tng sqlDataAdapter1 ca cc
bn ti i tng Kt ni (Connection) ca bn trc khi DataAdapter c th truy nhp c s d liu. Bn thc
hin iu ny s dng ca s nhng thuc tnh bng cch duyt xung t SelectCommand n Connection. ri
Bn kch danh sch x xung, chn Existing, ri chn i tng SqlConnection ca bn , n phi c tn l
sqlConnection1 . ng thi kim tra thuc tnh ConnectionString ca i tng SqlConnection ca bn chc
chn rng n c t ni ti c s d liu Northwind ca bn.

Ch : ba lin kt y ca ca s nhng thuc tnh Cho sqlDataAdapter1:

Configure Data Adapter : mi lin kt ny cho php bn ghi li Wizard nh hnh DataAdapter ca
cc bn.
Generate Dataset : mi lin kt ny cho php bn pht sinh mt i tng Dataset s dng tp hp thng
tin cho DataAdapter ca bn. Bn s s dng mi lin kt ny trong mc k tip pht sinh mt Dataset
mi.
Preview Data : mi lin kt ny cho php bn xem trc d liu c tr li bi SelectCommand ca
DataAdapter ca cc bn.

hy thoi mi kho st m sinh ra bi Wizard trong form ca cc bn cho i tng sqlDataAdapter1. Khi bn
sn sng, chn File Save All.

Ghi nh : ng vi vng chy d n ca bn ngay, bi v bn s cn thm mt Dataset ,n s c c tr
bi s dng DataAdapter ca bn trong mc k tip.

TO MT I TNG DATASET S DNG Visual Studio .NET:

Trong mc ny, bn s hc cch to ra mt Dataset s dng Visual.Studio .NET.

Ghi nh: Bn s tm thy mt d n v d c b sung Visual Studio .NET cho mc ny trong th mc
Dataset. Bn c th m d n ny trong Visual Studio .NET bi chn File Open Project v m File
WindowsApplication4.csproj . Bn cng c th theo nhng ch dn trong mc ny bng cch tip tc sa i
bn sao chp ca d n DataReader m bn s dng trong mc trc .

Nu bn theo nhng ch dn ny, m bn sao ca d n DataReader m bn sa i trong mc trc , v m
Form1.cs bng cch nhn p n trong ca s Solution Explorer . to ra mt i tng Dataset , bn c th
thc hin mt trong s vic sau :

Ko mt i tng Dataset t tab Data ca Toolbox n form ca bn, v thm m vo form ca bn

in n s dng phng thc Fill() ca mt i tng DataAdapter.
Kch lin kt Generate Dataset ti y ca ca s nhng thuc tnh ca DataAdapter ca bn. Bn
c
th nhn thy mi lin kt ny trong Hnh 10.13.

Bn s s dng hai bc, v bt u - kch lin kt Generate Dataset . hp thoi Generate Dataset xut hin,
nh trnh by trong Hnh 10.14.

Hnh 10.14: hp thoi pht sinh Dataset

Kch nt Ok tip tc. i tng tp d liu mi c tn dataSet11 c thm vo khay di form ca bn,
nh trong Hnh 10.15.

Hnh 10.15: i tng Dataset mi trong khay
Bc tip theo ca bn l gn phng thc Form1_Load() ca form nh sau:

{
sqlDataAdapter1.Fill(dataSet11, "Products");
System.Data.DataTable myDataTable =
dataSet11.Tables["Products"];
foreach (System.Data.DataRow myDataRow in myDataTable.Rows)
{
listView1.Items.Add(myDataRow["ProductID"].ToString());
listView1.Items.Add(myDataRow["ProductName"].ToString());
listView1.Items.Add(myDataRow["UnitPrice"].ToString());
}
}

Ghi ch:
Nh, xem m form ca bn, bn chn view code. Ri bn thay th phng thc Form1_Load() vi
m trc y.
v by gi bn c th bin tp v chy form ca bn. Hnh 10.16 cho thy s vn hnh ca form.

Hnh 10.16: form ang chy

TM LC:
Trong chng ny, bn hc nhng chi tit v vic s dng nhng i tng Dataset lu tr nhng kt
qu tr li t c s d liu. Nhng i tng Dataset cho php bn lu tr mt bn sao chp ca nhng bng v
nhng hng t c s d liu, v bn c th lm vic vi bn sao cc b ny trong khi ngt kt ni vi c s d
liu. Khng ging nhng i tng b cung cp c qun l(managed provider) nh nhng i tng
SqlDataReader, nhng i tng Dataset l dng chung v bi vy lm vic vi bt k c s d liu no.
Nhng i tng Dataset cng cho php bn c nhng hng trong bt k trt t no v sa i nhng hng.

Bn cng hc nhng chi tit v vic s dng mt i tng DataAdapter c nhng hng t c s d
liu vo trong mt i tng Dataset. DataAdapter l b phn ca lp nh cung cp c qun l , v c ba
lp DataAdapter : SqlDataAdapter, OleDbDataAdapter, V OdbcDataAdapter.

Bn s dng mt i tng DataAdapter di chuyn nhng hng gia i tng Dataset ca bn v c s d
liu, v ng b ha bt k s thay i no Bn lm cho nhng hng lu tr cc b ca bn vi c s d
liu. Chng hn, bn c th c nhng hng t c s d liu vo trong mt Dataset thng qua mt DataAdapter,
Sa i nhng hng trong Dataset ca bn, v y nhng s thay i ti c s d liu thng qua i
tng DataAdapter ca bn.

Trong Chng 11, bn s thy cch thc hin nhng thay i ti nhng hng trong mt Dataset v sau
y nhng thay i ti c s d liu.

S DNG NHNG I TNG DATASET SA I D LIU:

Tng quan
Trong chng 10, bn thy cch s dng mt Dataset ct gi mt bn sao ca nhng hng truy xut t c
s d liu. Trong chng ny, bn s hc cch sa i nhng hng trong mt Dataset, v y nhng thay i
ny ti c s d liu qua mt DataAdapter.

Nhng iu ni bt trong chng ny:
Nhng lp DataTable, DataRow, v DataColumn
Thm nhng s hn ch vo nhng i tng DataTable v DataColumn
Tm kim, lc v sp xp nhng i tng DataRow trong mt DataTable
Sa i nhng hng trong mt DataTable v y nhng s thay i ti c s d liu
S dng nhng th tc lu tr thm, sa i, v loi b nhng hng t c s d liu
S dng mt i tng CommandBuilder t ng pht sinh nhng cu lnh SQL
Duyt tm nhng bin c ca DataAdapter v DataTable
Gii quyt nhng s tht bi cp nht (update).
S dng nhng giao dch vi mt Tp d liu
Sa i d liu s dng mt Dataset nh kiu mnh.

LP DATATABLE:

Bn s dng mt i tng ca lp DataTable i din cho mt bng. Bn cng c th ct gi nhiu i
tng DataTable trong mt Dataset. Bng 11.1 cho thy mt s nhng thuc tnh DataTable.

Bng 11.1: nhng thuc tnh DataTable
THUC
TNH
KIU M T
CaseSensitive bool Ly hay gn mt gi tr bool ch nh liu c phi nhng s so snh
chui bn trong nhng i tng DataTable ph thuc kiu ch.
ChildRelations DataRelationCollection ly tp hp ca nhng quan h (DataRelationCollection) n cho php
s dn hng t mt bng cha n mt bng con. Mt
DataRelationCollection gm c nhng i tng DataRelation.
Columns DataColumnCollection Ly tp hp ca nhng ct (DataColumnCollection) n cha ng
nhng i tng DataColumn i din cho nhng ct trong i tng
DataTable .
THUC
TNH
KIU M T
Constraints ConstraintCollection c tp hp ca nhng s rng buc (ConstraintCollection) n cha
ng nhng i tng rng buc i din cho nhng s rng buc
kha chnh (UniqueConstraint) hay kha ph (ForeignKeyConstraint)
trong i tng DataTable.
DataSet DataSet ly Dataset m DataTable thuc v n.
HasErrors bool tr li Gi tr mt bool m ch nh c nhng li trong bt k nhng
hng trong DataTable hay khng.
PrimaryKey DataColumn[] Ly hay gn mt mng ca nhng i tng DataColumn l nhng
kha chnh cho DataTable.
Rows DataRowCollection ly tp hp ca nhng hng (DataRowCollection) c cha nhng i
tng DataRow c ct gi trong DataTable.
TableName string Ly hay gn tn ca i tng DataTable.

Bng 11.2 trnh by mt s nhng phng thc DataTable.
Phng thc Kiu tr
v
M t
AcceptChanges() void hiu lc ha tt c nhng s thay i thc hin vi i tng DataTable t khi
n c ti hay t ln cui cng phng thc AcceptChanges() c gi.
Clear() void Loi b tt c cc hng t i tng DataTable.
Clone() DataTable Sao chp cu trc ca nhng i tng DataTable v s tr v bn sao ny.
Compute() object Tnh ton biu thc cho trn nhng hng hin thi thng qua iu kin lc.
GetChanges() DataTable Qu ti . Tr li mt bn sao ca i tng DataTable t lc cui cng n c
ti hay t ln cui cng phng thc AcceptChanges() c gi .
GetErrors() DataRow[] Qu ti . ly mt bn sao ca tt c nhng i tng DataRow m c nhng li.
LoadDataRow() DataRow Tm v cp nht mt i tng DataRow ch nh. Nu khng tm thy i tng
thch ng , mt hng mi c to ra s dng nhng gi tr ch nh.
NewRow() DataRow To ra mt i tng DataRow mi trong DataTable.
RejectChanges() void hy tt c nhng s thay i thc hin vi i tng DataTable mt khi n c
to ra hay t ln cui cng phng thc AcceptChanges() c gi.
Select() DataRow[] Qu ti. Tr li mng ca nhng i tng DataRow c ct gi trong
DataTable m ph hp vi chui lc c ch r. Bn cng c th thng qua mt
chui vic cha nhng chi tit v vic sp nhng i tng DataRow.

Bng 11.3 trnh by mt s bin c DataTable.
Bin c B s l bin c M t
ColumnChanging DataColumnChangeEventHandler pht khi trc khi mt gi tr c thay i ca
DataColumn c cp nht DataRow.
ColumnChanged DataColumnChangeEventHandler pht khi sau khi mt gi tr DataColumn c thay i
dc cp nht DataRow.
RowChanging DataRowChangeEventHandler pht khi trc khi mt DataRow c thay i c
c cp nht mt DataTable.
RowChanged DataRowChangeEventHandler Pht khi sau khi mt DataRow c thay i c cp
nht mt DataTable.
RowDeleting DataRowChangeEventHandler Pht khi trc khi mt DataRow b xa t mt
Bin c B s l bin c M t
DataTable.
RowDeleted DataRowChangeEventHandler Pht khi sau khi mt DataRow b xa t mt
DataTable.

LP DATAROW:

Bn s dng mt i tng ca lp DataRow i din cho mt hng. Bn cng c th ct gi nhiu i
tng DataRow mt DataTable. Bng 11.4 trnh by mt s thuc tnh DataRow.

Bng 11.4: nhng thuc tnh DataRow

Thuc tnh Kiu M t
HasErrors bool Tr li mt gi tr bool cho bit liu c bt k nhng i tng DataColumn no
trong DataRow c li hay khng.
ItemArray object[] Ly hay gn tt c i tng DataColumn trong DataRow.
RowState DataRowState Ly thng tin tnh trng DataRow hin thi. Trng thi c th l Added, Deleted,
Detached (tch ra~ FT), Modified , hay Unchanged (Khng thay i). Trng thi
ph thuc thao tc c thc hin trn DataRow v liu phng thc
AcceptChanges() c gi v cp nht nhng s thay i hay khng.
Table DataTable ly i tng DataTable m DataRow thuc vo.

Hng c to ra nhng khng l b phn ca mt i tng DataRowCollection; mt DataRow trong trng
thi ny ngay lp tc sau khi n c to ra v trc khi n c thm vo mt tp hp, hay nu n c
loi b khi mt tp hp.

Bng 11.5 trnh by mt s phng thc ca DataRow.

AcceptChanges() void Cp nht tt c nhng s thay i thc hin vi i tng DataRow t
khi n c ti hay t ln cui cng phng thc AcceptChanges() c
gi.
BeginEdit() void Bt u mt son tho cho i tng DataRow.
CancelEdit() void hy mt son tho cho i tng DataRow v tr li tnh trang nguyn
bn ca n.
ClearErrors() void Xa b bt k li no cho i tng DataRow.
Delete() void Xa i tng DataRow.
EndEdit() void kt thc mt son tho cho i tng DataRow v cp nht s thay i.
GetChildRows() DataRow[] Qu ti . Tr v mt mng ca nhng i tng DataRow cha nhng
hng con s dng i tng DataRelation c ch nh.
GetColumnError() string Qu ti . Tr v mt m t li cho i tng DataColumn ch nh.
GetColumnsInError() DataColumn[] Tr v mt mng ca nhng i tng DataColumn m c nhng li.
GetParentRow() DataRow Qu ti. Tr v mt i tng DataRow c cha hng cha s dng i
tng DataRelation c ch r.
GetParentRows() DataRow[] Qu ti . Tr v mt mng ca nhng i tng DataRow c cha nhng
hng cha s dng i tng DataRelation c ch r.
IsNull() bool Qu ti. Tr v mt gi tr bool cho bit liu i tng DataColumn c
ch r c cha mt gi tr null hay khng.
RejectChanges() void hy tt c cc thay i thc hin vi i tng DataRow t khi phng
thc AcceptChanges() c gi.
SetNull() void Gn mt i tng DataColumnc ch r n mt gi tr null.
SetParentRow() void Qu ti .Gn hng cha ti i tng DataRow c ch r.

LP DATACOLUMN:

Bn s dng mt i tng ca lp DataColumn i din cho mt ct. Bn cng c th ct gi nhiu i
tng DataColumn trong mt DataRow. Bng 11.6 cho thy mt s thuc tnh DataColumn.

Bng 11.6: nhng thuc tnh DataColumn
Thuc tnh Kiu M t
AllowDBNull bool Ly hay gn mt gi tr bool cho bit liu nhng gi tr null c c cho
php trong i tng DataColumn ny. gi tr mc nh l true.
AutoIncrement bool ly hay gn mt gi tr bool cho bit liu i tng DataColumn c t ng
tng dn gi tr ca ct cho nhng hng mi. gi tr mc nh l false.
AutoIncrementSeed long Ly hay gn gi tr khi u cho i tng DataColumn. ch ng dng khi
thuc tnh AutoIncrement c gn l true. mc nh l false.
AutoIncrementStep long ly hay gn bc tng dn c dng. ch p dng khi thuc tnh tng t
ng (AutoIncrement) c gn l true. mc nh l 1.
Caption string Ly hay gn tiu cho ct. Tiu cho ct c hin th trn nhng form
Windows . gi tr mc nh l null.
ColumnName string Ly hay gn tn ca i tng DataColumn.
ColumnMapping MappingType Ly hay gn MappingType ca i tng DataColumn .Ci ny xc nh
cch mt DataColumn c lu gi trong mt ti liu XML s dng phng
thc WriteXml() nh th no .
DataType Type Ly hay gn kiu d liu .NET i din cho gi tr ct c ct gi trong i
tng DataColumn. kiu d liu ny c th l i s Boole, Byte, Char,
DateTime, Decimal(s thp phn), Double, Int16, Int32, Int64, SByte,
Single, string (chui), TimeSpan, UInt16, Hay UInt64.
DafaultValue object Ly hay gn gi tr mc nh cho DataColumn khi nhng hng mi c to
ra. Khi thuc tnh AutoIncrement (s tng t ng) c gn l true, gi tr
mc nh khng c s dng.
MaxLength int Ly hay gn chiu di cc i ca text ( vn bn) c ct gi trong mt i
tng DataColumn . gi tr mc nh l -1.
Ordinal int Ly s v tr ca i tng DataColumn (0 l i tng u tin).
ReadOnly bool Ly hay gn mt gi tr bool cho bit liu c phi i tng DataColumn c
th c thay i mt khi n c thm vo mt DataRow. mc nh l
false.
Table DataTable Ly DataTable m i tng DataColumn thuc v n.
Unique bool Ly hay gn mt gi tr bool cho bit liu c phi nhng gi tr DataColumn
trong mi i tng DataRow l duy nht. mc nh l false.

Bn s thy nhng s dng mt s thuc tnh , phng thc v nhng s kin ny sau trong chng ny.

THM NHNG HN CH VO NHNG I TNG DATATABLE V
DATACOLUMN

Nh bn bit, mt i tng Dataset c dng ct gi mt bn sao ca mt tp con ca c s d liu.
Chng hn, bn c th ct gi mt bn sao ca nhng hng t c s d liu vo trong mt Dataset, vi mi
bng c i din bi mt i tng DataTable. Mt DataTable lu tr nhng ct trong nhng i tng
DataColumn.

Ngoi vic ct gi nhng hng c truy xut t mt bng c s d liu, bn cng c th thm nhng hn ch
vo mt DataTable v nhng i tng DataColumn ca n. iu ny cho php bn m hnh ha nhng s hn
ch nh nhau t ln nhng bng c s d liu v nhng ct trong DataTable ca bn v nhng i tng
DataColumn. Chng hn, bn c th thm nhng s rng buc sau y Ti mt DataTable:
Unique (gi tr duy nht)
Primary key (kha chnh)
Foreign key (kha ph)
Ngoi ra, bn c th thm nhng s hn ch sau y ti mt DataColumn:

Liu c phi ct c th chp nhn mt gi tr null m bn ct gi trong thuc tnh AllowDBNull ca
DataColumn.

Bt k thng tin v s tng t ng no m bn ct gi trong thuc tnh AutoIncrement,
AutoIncrementSeed, v AutoIncrementStep ca DataColumn. Bn gn nhng thuc tnh ny khi
thm nhng hng ti mt DataTable vi mt bng c s d liu tng ng c cha mt ct kha
chnh. Ct ProductID ca bng Products l mt v d ca mt ct nhn dng.

Ghi ch: ADO.NET s khng t ng pht sinh nhng gi tr cho nhng ct kha chnh trong
mt hng mi. Ch c s d liu c th lm iu . Bn phi c gi tr kha chnh c pht
sinh cho ct t c s d liu.
Bn s thy cch lm iu nh th no sau trong nhng mc " truy xut nhng gi tr kha chnh
mi " V
" s dng nhng th tc lu tr Thm, Sa i, v Loi b nhng hng t C s d liu.". ng
thi, nu bng c s d liu ca bn cha nhng ct c gn mt gi tr ngm nh, bn cn phi
c gi tr t c s d liu. nh th tt hn s thit t thuc tnh DefaultValue ca mt
DataColumn v nu gi tr ngm nh gn trong nhng thay i nh ngha bng c s d liu , bn
c th chn gi tr mi t c s d liu hn l phi thay i m ca bn.

Chiu di cc i ca mt chui hay gi tr ct k t m bn ct gi trong thuc tnh MaxLength
ca DataColumn.
Liu c phi ct l ch c- m bn ct gi trong thuc tnh ReadOnly ca DataColumn.
Liu c phi gi tr ct l duy nht- m bn ct gi trong thuc tnh Unique ca DataColumn.

Bng cch thm nhng s hn ch ny ln pha trc, bn ngn nga d liu xu thm vo Dataset ca bn
bt u vi n. Nhng tr gip ny gim thiu nhng li khi th y nhng thay i trong Dataset ca bn ti
c s d liu. Nu mt ngi s dng chng trnh ca bn c thm d liu m xm phm mt s hn ch,
chng s gy ra mt ngoi l . Bn c th bt ngoi l ny trong chng trnh ca bn v hin th mt thng bo
li vi nhng chi tit. v ngi s dng c th thay i d liu h c thm vo chnh nh vn .

Bn cng cn nh ngha mt kha chnh trc khi bn c th tm , lc, v phn loi nhng i tng DataRow
trong mt DataTable. Bn s hc lm iu nh th no sau trong mc " Tm kim, Lc v phn loi nhng
hng trong mt DataTable."

Mo nh: Thm nhng s rng buc gy ra mt s gim cp thc thi khi bn gi phng thc fill() ca
mt DataAdapter. y l bi v nhng hng c truy xut c kim tra chng li nhng s rng
buc ca bn trc khi chng c thm vo Dataset ca bn. do Bn cn phi t thuc tnh
EnforceConstraints ca Dataset ca bn l false trc khi gi phng thc Fill() . ri Bn gn
EnforceConstraints tr li ga tr mc nh true sau khi gi phng thc Fill().

Bn c th s dng mt trong nhng cch sau thm nhng s hn ch vo nhng i tng
DataTable v DataColumn. T bn thm nhng s hn ch bi vic gn nhng thuc tnh ca nhng
i tng DataTable v DataColumn ca bn. iu ny dn n s thc hin m nhanh nht

Gi phng thc FillSchema() ca DataAdapter ca bn sao chp thng tin m hnh t c s d
liu n Dataset ca bn. iu ny c tr nhng thuc tnh ca nhng i tng DataTable v nhng
i tng DataColumn ca chng mt cch t ng.

Bn s hc nhng chi tit ca c hai k thut ny trong nhng mc sau .

T THM NHNG HN CH BNG TAY:

Bn c th thm nhng s hn ch vo nhng i tng DataTable v DataColumn ca bn s dng nhng
thuc tnh ca i tng DataTable v DataColumn.

Th d, gi thit bn c mt i tng Dataset c tn myDataSet c cha ba i tng DataTable t tn l
Products, Orders, v Details c c tr s dng m sau y:

"SELECT ProductID, ProductName " +
"FROM Products;" +
"SELECT OrderID " +
"FROM Orders;" +
"SELECT OrderID, ProductID, UnitPrice " +
"FROM [Order Details];";
mySqlDataAdapter.Fill(myDataSet);
myDataSet.Tables["Table1"].TableName = "Orders";
myDataSet.Tables["Table2"].TableName = "Order Details";

Kha chnh cho bng Products l ct ProductID; kha chnh cho bng Orders l ct OrderID; v kha chnh
cho bng Order Details c to ra t c hai ct OrderID ln ProductID.

Ghi ch : Bn phi bao gm tt c nhng ct ca kha chnh ca bng c s d liu trong cu truy vn
ca bn nu Bn mun nh ngha mt kha chnh trn nhng ct trong DataTable ca bn.

Trong nhng mc sau y, bn s hiu lm th no

Thm nhng s rng buc vo nhng i tng DataTable : Products, Orders v Order Details.
Hn ch nhng gi tr c t trong nhng i tng DataColumn ca DataTable Produsts.

THM NHNG RNG BUC VO NHNG I TNG DATATABLE:

Trong mc ny, bn s thy cch thm nhng s rng buc vo nhng i tng DataTable . c bit, bn s
thy cch thm nhng s rng buc kha chnh vo nhng i tng DataTable : Products,Orders, v Order
Details. Mt s rng buc kha chnh tht s c thc hin nh mt s rng buc duy nht. Bn cng s thy
cch thm nhng s rng buc kha ph t nhng i tng DataTable Order Detail n Products v Orders .

Nhng s rng buc c ct gi trong mt i tng ConstraintCollection m ct gi nhng i tng rng
buc(Constraint). Bn truy nhp ConstraintCollection s dng nhng thuc tnh rng buc(Constraint) ca i
tng DataTable. thm mt i tng rng buc mi Ti ConstraintCollection, Bn gi phng thc Add()
thng qua thuc tnh Constraints. Phng thc Add() cho php bn thm nhng s rng buc kha chnh v
kha ph vo mt DataTable. V mt rng buc kha chnh c thc hin nh mt rng buc duy nht, bn
cng c th s dng phng thc Add() thm mt rng buc kha chnh vo mt DataTable. Bn s thy
cch s dng phng thc Add() tip sau y .

Bn c th cng thm mt s rng buc kha chnh vo mt i tng DataTable bi thit t thuc tnh
PrimaryKey ca n, m bn gn ti mt mng ca nhng i tng DataColumn thuc kha chnh . Mt mng
c yu cu bi v kha chnh ca mt bng c s d liu c th c to ra t nhiu ct. Nh bn s thy
trong nhng v d, iu ny n gin hn so vi s dng phng thc Add() thm mt rng buc kha
chnh.
________________________________________________________________________________________
Gi phng thc Fill() ca mt DataAdapter nhiu hn mt ln

phng thc Fill() truy xut tt c nhng hng t bng c s d liu, nh ch r trong thuc tnh
SelectCommand ca i tng DataAdapter ca cc bn. Nu bn thm mt kha chnh ti DataTable ca bn,
ri gi phng thc Fill() hn mt ln s t nhng hng c truy xut trong DataTable ca bn v xa b bt
k hng hin hu no vi nhng gi tr ct kha chnh ph hp c trong DataTable ca bn.

Nu bn khng thm mt kha chnh Ti DataTable ca bn , ri gi phng thc Fill() nhiu hn mt ln s
ch n gin l thm tt c nhng hng c truy xut vo DataTable ca bn ln na, s trng lp nhng hng
s sy ra.

v y l l do khc thm mt s rng buc kha chnh vo DataTable ca bn bi v bn khng mun c
nhng hng trng lp.
________________________________________________________________________________________

THM MT KHA CHNH VO DATATABLE PRODUCTS

Chng ta hy xem xt vic thm mt kha chnh vo DataTable Products. u tin, v d sau y to ra mt
i tng DataTable tn productsDataTable v gn n n DataTable Products truy xut t myDataSet:

DataTable productsDataTable = myDataSet.Tables["Products"];

By gi, kha chnh ca bng c s d liu Products l ct ProductID; bi vy, bn cn t thuc tnh
PrimaryKey ca productsDataTable ti mt mng cha i tng DataColumn ProductID. V d sau y cho
thy cch thc hin iu ny . N to ra mt mng nhng i tng DataColumn tn productsPrimaryKey v
khi to ng thi gn n ti ct ProductID ca productsDataTable, ri t thuc tnh PrimaryKey ca
productsDataTable ti mng:
Khi to i tng productsPrimaryKey (ct d liu)
DataColumn[] productsPrimaryKey = new DataColumn[]
{ gn ct ProductID thuc bng productsDataTable vo i tng
productsPrimaryKey
productsDataTable.Columns["ProductID"]
}; gn productsPrimaryKey thuc tnh PrimaryKey ca ProductsDataTable
productsDataTable.PrimaryKey = productsPrimaryKey;

Khi bn t thuc tnh PrimaryKey ca mt DataTable, nhng thuc tnh AllowDBNull v Unique ca i
tng DataColumn t ng c thay i nh sau:

Thuc tnh AllowDBNull c thay i ti false cho bit DataColumn khng th chp nhn mt gi tr
null.
Thuc tnh Unique c thay i l true v cho bit gi tr DataColumn trong mi DataRow phi l
duy nht.

Do , trong v d trc y, thuc tnh AllowDBNull v Unique ca ct d liu ProductID t ng c thay
i ti gi tr false v true, tng ng.

THM MT KHA CHNH VO BNG D LIU(DATATABLE) ORDERS:

V d sau y t thuc tnh PrimaryKey ca DataTable -Orders ti OrderID DataColumn:

myDataSet.Tables["Orders"].PrimaryKey = new DataColumn[]
{
myDataSet.Tables["Orders"].Columns["OrderID"]
};

Ch : Ti phi s dng mt pht biu trong v d ny cho ngn gn hn v d trc y.

Bn cng c th s dng Thm phng thc Add() thm mt kha unique, primary , hay foreign vo mt
DataTable. phng thc Add() c ti nh sau:

void Add(Constraint myConstraint) // adds any constraint
void Add(string constraintName, DataColumn myDataColumn,bool isPrimaryKey)
// adds a primary key or unique constraint
void Add(string constraintName, DataColumn parentColumn,DataColumn childColumn)
// adds a foreign key constraint
void Add(string constraintName, DataColumn[] myDataColumn, bool isPrimaryKey)
// adds a primary key or unique constraint
void Add(string cosntraintName, DataColumn[] parentColumns,DataColumn[] childColumns)
// adds a foreign key constraint

VI:
constraintName: l tn bn mun gn ti s rng buc ca cc bn.
isPrimaryKey :cho bit liu c phi rng buc l mt rng buc kha chnh hay ch l mt rng buc duy
nht bnh thng.

V d sau y s dng phng thc Add() thm mt s rng buc kha chnh vo DataTable Products:

myDataSet.Tables["Orders"].Constraints.Add( "Primary key constraint",
myDataSet.Tables["Orders"].Columns["OrderID"],true );

V d ny thc hin tng t nh v d trc y l thm s rng buc kha chnh s dng thuc tnh
PrimaryKey. Ch tham s cui cng ti phng thc Add() c t l true, n cho bit s rng buc thuc
mt kha chnh.

Ngoi ra, nu bn c mt ct khng l kha chnh nhng c gi tr l duy nht, bn c th thm mt i tng
UniqueConstraint vo ConstraintsCollection. Chng hn:

UniqueConstraint myUC =
new UniqueConstraint(myDataTable.Columns["myColumn"]);
myDataTable.Constraints.Add(myUC);

THM MT KHA CHNH VO BNG D LIU ORDER DETAILS:

Chng ta hy xem xt mt v d v thit t thuc tnh PrimaryKey cho bng d liu Order Details . Kha
chnh cho bng Order Details c to ra t nhng ct OrderID v ProductID, v v d sau y cho thy s
thit t thuc tnh PrimaryKey ca bng d liu Order Details ti hai ct ny:

myDataSet.Tables["Order Details"].PrimaryKey =
new DataColumn[]
{
myDataSet.Tables["Order Details"].Columns["OrderID"],
myDataSet.Tables["Order Details"].Columns["ProductID"]
};

V d sau y s dng phng php Add() thc hin cng cng vic:

myDataSet.Tables["Order Details"].Constraints.Add(
"Primary key constraint",
new DataColumn[]
{
},
true
);

Mt iu cn phi nh khi thm nhng s rng buc vo mt DataTable l n ch bit v nhng hng bn ct
gi trong n; n khng bit v bt c hng no khc c ct gi trong bng c s d liu thc t. hiu ti
sao y li l mt vn , xem xt chui s kin sau y n bao gm nhng kha chnh:

1. Bn thm mt s rng buc kha chnh vo mt DataTable.
2. Bn truy xut mt tp con ca nhng hng t mt bng c s d liu v ct gi chng trong DataTable
ca bn.
3. Bn thm mt DataRow mi vo DataTable ca bn vi mt gi tr kha chnh khng phi c dng
trong tp con ca nhng hng c truy xut vo trong DataTable ca bn trong nhng bc trc -
nhng gi tr kha chnh c s dng trong mt hng trong bng c s d liu. DataRow mi ca bn
c thm vo DataTable khng c bt k li no mc d bn thm mt s rng buc kha chnh vo
DataTable ca bn trong bc 1. DataRow mi ca bn c thm vo mt cch thnh cng bi v
DataTable ch bit v nhng hng c ct gi trong n, khng phi l nhng hng khc c ct gi
trong bng c s d liu m khng c truy xut trong bc 2.
4. Bn th y DataRow mi ti c s d liu, nhng bn nhn mt SqlException nhng trng thi Bn
xm phm s rng buc kha chnh trong bng c s d liu. y l bi v mt hng trong bng c s d
liu s dng gi tr kha chnh.

Bn cn nh n vn ny khi thm nhng hng ti mt DataTable, m bn s thy cch thc hin khng lu
sau y.

iu gm thm nhng s rng buc kha chnh vo nhng i tng DataTable. Tip theo, bn s thy cch
thm nhng s rng buc kha ph nh th no .

THM NHNG RNG BUC VO BNG D LIU ORDER DETAILS:

Trong mc ny, bn s thy cch thm mt rng buc kha ph vo DataTable -Order Details nh th no .
lm iu ny bn s dng phng thc Add() thng qua thuc tnh Constraints ca DataTable.

V d sau y thm mt rng buc kha ph t DataColumn(ct d liu) -OrderID ca DataTable(bng d liu)
-Order Details n DataColumn OrderID ca DataTable- Orders :

ForeignKeyConstraint myFKC = new ForeignKeyConstraint(
myDataSet.Tables["Orders"].Columns["OrderID"],
myDataSet.Tables["Order Details"].Columns["OrderID"]
);
myDataSet.Tables["Order Details"].Constraints.Add(myFKC);

Ghi ch: Ch l DataColumn cha(OrderID ca Orders) c nh ngha trc DataColumn con (OrderID
ca Order Details).

V d k tip thm mt rng buc kha ph t DataColumn ProductID ca DataTable Order Details n
DataColumn ProductID ca DataTable Products :

"Foreign key constraint to ProductID DataColumn of the " +
"Products DataTable",
myDataSet.Tables["Order Details"].Columns["ProductID"],
myDataSet.Tables["Products"].Columns["ProductID"]
);

iu bao gm nhng rng buc vo nhng i tng DataTable. Tip theo, bn s thy cch thm nhng
hn ch vo nhng i tng DataColumn nh th no

THM NHNG HN CH VO NHNG I TNG DATACOLUMN:

Trong mc ny, bn s thy cch thm nhng hn ch vo nhng i tng DataColumn c ct gi mt
DataTable nh th no. c bit, bn s thy cch thit t cho nhng thuc tnh AllowDBNull,
AutoIncrement(S tng t ng), AutoIncrementSeed, AutoIncrementStep, ReadOnly, V Unique (duy nht )
ca DataColumn - ProductID ca DataTable - Prtoducts. Bn cng s thy cch t thuc tnh MaxLength ca
DataColumn - ProductName ca DataTable - Products nh th no.

Ct ProductID ca bng c s d liu Products l mt ct nhn dng (kha chnh). seed l gi tr ban u v
step (bc tng) l s tng thm gi tr n s sau cui v c hai (seed v step)c gn l 1 cho ProductID. Do
nhng gi tr nhn dng ProductID s l 1, 2, 3, vn vn.

Mo nh: Khi bn gn nhng thuc tnh AutoIncrementSeed ln AutoIncrementStep cho mt
DataColumn tng ng vi mt ct nhn dng c s d liu, bn cn phi lun lun gn chng ti -1. vi cch
ny, khi bn gi phng thc Fill() , ADO.NET s t ng tnh nhng gi tr gn cho AutoIncrementSeed
v AutoIncrementStep, da vo nhng gi tr truy xut c t c s d liu, v bn khng cn phi tnh n
nhng gi tr ny.

M sau y thit t nhng thuc tnh ca DataColumn - ProductID :

DataColumn productIDDataColumn =
myDataSet.Tables["Products"].Columns["ProductID"];
productIDDataColumn.AllowDBNull = false;
productIDDataColumn.AutoIncrement = true;
productIDDataColumn.AutoIncrementSeed = -1;
productIDDataColumn.AutoIncrementStep = -1;
productIDDataColumn.ReadOnly = true;
productIDDataColumn.Unique = true;

V d tip theo t thuc tnh MaxLength ( di ti a) ca DataColumn - ProductName ti 40. iu ny ngn
bn thit t gi tr ca ct ProductName vi mt chui ln hn 40 k t .

myDataSet.Tables["Products"].Columns["ProductName"].MaxLength = 40;

Lit k 11.1 trnh by nhng m v d s dng trong mc ny v mt mc trc. Ch chng trnh ny cng
trnh by nhng thuc tnh ColumnName v DataType ca nhng i tng DataColumn trong mi DataTable.
Thuc tnh ColumnName cha tn ca DataColumn, v DataType cha kiu d liu .NET thng i din cho
gi tr ct c ct gi trong DataColumn.

Danh sch 11.1: ADDRESTRICTIONS.CS

/*
AddRestrictions.cs illustrates how to add constraints to
DataTable objects and add restrictions to DataColumn objects
*/

using System;
using System.Data;

class AddRestrictions
{
{
new SqlConnection(
);

"FROM Products;" +
"SELECT OrderID " +
"FROM Orders;" +

// set the PrimaryKey property for the Products DataTable
// to the ProductID column
DataColumn[] productsPrimaryKey =
new DataColumn[]
{
};
productsDataTable.PrimaryKey = productsPrimaryKey;

// set the PrimaryKey property for the Orders DataTable
// to the OrderID column
myDataSet.Tables["Orders"].PrimaryKey =
new DataColumn[]
{
myDataSet.Tables["Orders"].Columns["OrderID"]
};

// set the PrimaryKey property for the Order Details DataTable
// to the OrderID and ProductID columns
"Primary key constraint on the OrderID and ProductID columns",
new DataColumn[]
{
},
true
);

// add a foreign key constraint on the OrderID column
// of Order Details to the OrderID column of Orders
ForeignKeyConstraint myFKC = new ForeignKeyConstraint(
myDataSet.Tables["Orders"].Columns["OrderID"],
myDataSet.Tables["Order Details"].Columns["OrderID"]
);
myDataSet.Tables["Order Details"].Constraints.Add(myFKC);
// add a foreign key constraint on the ProductID column
// of Order Details to the ProductID column of Products
"Foreign key constraint to ProductID DataColumn of the " +
"Products DataTable",
myDataSet.Tables["Products"].Columns["ProductID"],
);

// set the AllowDBNull, AutoIncrement, AutoIncrementSeed,
// AutoIncrementStep, ReadOnly, and Unique properties for
// the ProductID DataColumn of the Products DataTable
myDataSet.Tables["Products"].Columns["ProductID"];

// set the MaxLength property for the ProductName DataColumn
// of the Products DataTable
myDataSet.Tables["Products"].Columns["ProductName"].MaxLength = 40;

// display the details of the DataColumn objects for
// the DataTable objects
{
Console.WriteLine("\n\nReading from the " +
myDataTable + "DataTable:\n");

// display the primary key
foreach (DataColumn myPrimaryKey in myDataTable.PrimaryKey)
{
Console.WriteLine("myPrimaryKey = " + myPrimaryKey);
}

// display some of the details for each column
{
Console.WriteLine("\nmyDataColumn.ColumnName = " +
myDataColumn.ColumnName);
Console.WriteLine("myDataColumn.DataType = " +
myDataColumn.DataType);

Console.WriteLine("myDataColumn.AllowDBNull = " +
myDataColumn.AllowDBNull);
Console.WriteLine("myDataColumn.AutoIncrement = " +
myDataColumn.AutoIncrement);
Console.WriteLine("myDataColumn.AutoIncrementSeed = " +
myDataColumn.AutoIncrementSeed);
Console.WriteLine("myDataColumn.AutoIncrementStep = " +
myDataColumn.AutoIncrementStep);
Console.WriteLine("myDataColumn.MaxLength = " +
myDataColumn.MaxLength);
Console.WriteLine("myDataColumn.ReadOnly = " +
myDataColumn.ReadOnly);
Console.WriteLine("myDataColumn.Unique = " +
myDataColumn.Unique);
}
}
}
}


Reading from the Products DataTable:

myPrimaryKey = ProductID

myDataColumn.ColumnName = ProductID
myDataColumn.DataType = System.Int32
myDataColumn.AllowDBNull = False
myDataColumn.AutoIncrement = True
myDataColumn.AutoIncrementSeed = -1
myDataColumn.AutoIncrementStep = -1
myDataColumn.MaxLength = -1
myDataColumn.ReadOnly = True
myDataColumn.Unique = True

myDataColumn.ColumnName = ProductName
myDataColumn.DataType = System.String
myDataColumn.AllowDBNull = True
myDataColumn.AutoIncrement = False
myDataColumn.AutoIncrementSeed = 0
myDataColumn.AutoIncrementStep = 1
myDataColumn.MaxLength = 40
myDataColumn.ReadOnly = False
myDataColumn.Unique = False

Reading from the Orders DataTable:

myPrimaryKey = OrderID
myDataColumn.ColumnName = OrderID

Reading from the Order Details DataTable:




myDataColumn.ColumnName = UnitPrice
myDataColumn.DataType = System.Decimal
myDataColumn.AllowDBNull = True

Thm nhng hn ch bi vic gi phng thc FillSchema() ca i tng
DataAdapter

Thay v thm nhng s hn ch bi chnh bn , bn c th thm chng bng cch gi phng thc FillSchema()
ca DataAdapter ca bn. Phng thc FillSchema() thc hin nhng iu sau:

Sao chp thng tin m hnh t c s d liu.
To ra nhng i tng DataTable trong Dataset ca bn nu chng cha tn ti.
Thm nhng rng buc vo nhng i tng DataTable.
t nhng thuc tnh ca nhng i tng DataColumn ph hp.

Nhng thuc tnh ca nhng i tng DataColumn thit t bi FillSchema() bao gm :

Tn DataColumn -c ct gi trong thuc tnh ColumnName.
kiu d liu DataColumn .NET - c ct gi trong thuc tnh DataType.
Chiu di cc i ca mt kiu d liu di bin c ct gi trong thuc tnh MaxLength.
Cho bit DataColumn c th chp nhn mt gi tr null - c ct gi trong thuc tnh AllowDBNull.
Cho bit gi tr DataColumn phi l duy nht - c ct gi trong thuc tnh Unique.
Bt k thng tin tng t ng no - c ct gi trong nhng thuc tnh AutoIncrement (tng t ng),
AutoIncrementSeed(gi tr u), V AutoIncrementStep(buc tng).

phng thc FillSchema() cng s xc nh liu c phi DataColumn l b phn ca mt kha chnh v lu tr
thng tin ny trong thuc tnh Primarykey ca DataTable.

Cnh bo: Phng thc FillSchema() khng t ng thm nhng i tng ForeignKeyConstraint vo
nhng i tng DataTable. Khng c g khin n truy xut nhng hng thc t t c s d liu; n ch khi
phc thng tin m hnh.

phng thc FillSchema() b qu ti, vi phin bn thng s dng nht ca phng thc ny nh sau:

DataTable[] FillSchema(DataSet myDataSet, SchemaType mySchemaType)

mySchemaType : ch r bn cch mun x l bt k nh x m hnh hin hu nh th no.

Bn gn mySchemaType ti mt trong s nhng hng s c nh ngha trong lp lit k
System.Data.SchemaType. Bng 11.7 cho thy rng nhng hng s nh ngha trong lp lit k SchemaType.

Bng 11.7: nhng thnh vin Lit k SchemaType
Hng s M t
Mapped p dng cho bt k nh x bng hin hu no vo m hnh u vo v nh hnh DataSet vi m hnh
bin i. y l hng s bn cn phi s dng cch in hnh.
Source b qua bt k nh x bng no v nh hnh Dataset khng c bt k s bin i no.

Chng ta hy xem xt mt v d c cha mt lnh gi ti phng thc FillSchema() . Ch lnh gi s dng
hng s SchemaType.Mapped p dng cho bt k nh x bng hin hu no:

"FROM Products;" +
"SELECT OrderID " +
"FROM Orders;" +
mySqlDataAdapter.FillSchema(myDataSet, SchemaType.Mapped);

S gi ti phng thc FillSchema() s sao chp thng tin m hnh t nhng bng Products, Orders, v Order
Details ti myDataSet, thit t thuc tnh PrimaryKey ca mi DataTable v nhng thuc tnh ca nhng i
tng DataColumn cch ph hp.

Danh sch 11.2 cho thy s s dng ca phng thc FillSchema().

/*
FillSchema.cs illustrates how to read schema information
using the FillSchema() method of a DataAdapter object
*/

using System;
using System.Data;

class FillSchema
{
{
new SqlConnection(
);

"FROM Products;" +
"SELECT OrderID " +
"FROM Orders;" +
mySqlDataAdapter.FillSchema(myDataSet, SchemaType.Mapped);

// display the details of the DataColumn objects for
// the DataTable objects
{
Console.WriteLine("\n\nReading from the " +
myDataTable + "DataTable:\n");

// display the primary key
foreach (DataColumn myPrimaryKey in myDataTable.PrimaryKey)
{
Console.WriteLine("myPrimaryKey = " + myPrimaryKey);
}

// display the constraints
foreach (Constraint myConstraint in myDataTable.Constraints)
{
Console.WriteLine("myConstraint.IsPrimaryKey = " + ((UniqueConstraint)
myConstraint).IsPrimaryKey);
foreach (DataColumn myDataColumn in ((UniqueConstraint)
myConstraint).Columns)
{
Console.WriteLine("myDataColumn.ColumnName = " +
}
}

// display some of the details for each column
{
Console.WriteLine("\nmyDataColumn.ColumnName = " +
Console.WriteLine("myDataColumn.DataType = " +
myDataColumn.DataType);

Console.WriteLine("myDataColumn.AllowDBNull = " +
myDataColumn.AllowDBNull);
Console.WriteLine("myDataColumn.AutoIncrement = " +
myDataColumn.AutoIncrement);
Console.WriteLine("myDataColumn.AutoIncrementSeed = " +
myDataColumn.AutoIncrementSeed);
Console.WriteLine("myDataColumn.AutoIncrementStep = " +
myDataColumn.AutoIncrementStep);
Console.WriteLine("myDataColumn.MaxLength = " +
myDataColumn.MaxLength);
Console.WriteLine("myDataColumn.ReadOnly = " +
myDataColumn.ReadOnly);
Console.WriteLine("myDataColumn.Unique = " +
myDataColumn.Unique);
}
}
}
}
Reading from the Products DataTable:

myConstraint.IsPrimaryKey = True


myDataColumn.ColumnName = ProductName
myDataColumn.DataType = System.String
myDataColumn.MaxLength = 40

Reading from the Orders DataTable:



Reading from the Order Details DataTable:



myDataColumn.ColumnName = UnitPrice
myDataColumn.DataType = System.Decimal

TM KIM, LC , PHN LAI NHNG HNG TRONG MT DATATABLE:

Mi hng trong mt DataTable c ct gi trong mt i tng DataRow, v trong mc ny bn s hc cch
tm , lc, v phn loi nhng i tng DataRow mt DataTable nh th no.

TM MT DATAROW TRONG MT DATATABLE:

tm mt DataRow trong mt DataTable, bn theo nhng bc sau:

1. Truy xut nhng hng t c s d liu vo trong DataTable ca bn.
2. Thit t thuc tnh PrimaryKey ca DataTable ca cc bn.
3. Gi phng thc Find() ca DataTable ca bn , thng qua gi tr ct kha chnh ca DataRow bn
cn
tm.

Chng hn, m sau y thc hin nhng bc 1 v 2 trong danh sch ny, truy xut 10 hng u tin t bng
Products v thit t thuc tnh Primarykey ti ct d liu ProductID:

"FROM Products " +
mySqlDataAdapter.Fill(myDataSet, "Products");
productsDataTable.PrimaryKey =
new DataColumn[]{productsDataTable.Columns["ProductID"]};

Tip theo, v d sau y thc hin bc 3: gi phng thc Find() truy xut DataRow c ProductID l 3 t
productsDataTable

DataRow productDataRow = productsDataTable.Rows.Find("3");

Ch : phng thc Find() c gi thng qua thuc tnh nhng hng ca productsDataTable. Thuc tnh
nhng hng tr li mt i tng ca lp DataRowCollection .

Nu kha chnh cho bng c s d liu gm c nhiu ct, th bn c th thng qua mt mng ca nhng i
tng chuyn ti phng thc Find(). Chng hn, nhng kha chnh ca bng Order Details c to ra t
nhng ct OrderID v ProductID. Gi thit bn thc hin nhng bc 1 v 2 v truy xut nhng hng t
nhng bng Order Details vo trong mt i tng DataTable c tn orderDetailsDataTable, Ri theo v d sau
y truy xut DataRow vi mt OrderID v ProductID c gi tr 10248 v 11 tng ng.

object[] orderDetails = new object[] {10248,11};
DataRow orderDetailDataRow= orderDetailsDataTable.Row.Find(orderdetail);

S LC V PHN LAI NHNG I TNG DATAROW MT
DATATABLE:

lc v phn loi nhng i tng DataRow trong mt DataTable, bn s dng phng thc Select() ca
DataTable ca bn. Phng thc Select() c ti nh sau:

DataRow[] Select()
DataRow[] Select(string filterExpression)
DataRow[] Select(string filterExpression, string sortExpression)
DataRow[] Select(string filterExpression, string sortExpression,
DataViewRowState myDataViewRowState)

Vi
filterExpression : ch nh nhng hng chn.
sortExpression : ch r nhng hng c la chn s c sp xp nh th no.
myDataViewRowState : ch nh trng thi ca nhng hng chn. Bn gn myDataViewRowState ti
mt trong s nhng hng s c nh ngha trong lp lit k System.Data.DataViewRowState .
Bng 11.8 trnh by nhng hng s ny.

Bng 11.8: nhng thnh vin Lit k DataViewRowState

Hng s M t
Added Mt hng mi.
CurrentRows Nhng hng hin thi, m bao gm nhng hng Unchanged (khng thay i),
Added( thm vo), v ModifiedCurrent ( thay i) .
Deleted Mt hng xa
ModifiedCurrent Mt hng hin thi c sa i.
ModifiedOriginal Hng nguyn bn trc khi n c sa i.
None Khng ph hp vi bt k hng no ca nhng hng trong DataTable.
OriginalRows Nhng hng nguyn bn, m bao gm nhng hng khng thay i v b xa .
Unchanged Mt hng m khng c thay i.

Chng ta hy xem xt vi v d s dng phng thc Select() .

V d sau y gi phng thc Select() khng c nhng tham s, n tr li tt c cc hng trong DataTable
khng c bt k s lc hay sp xp no

DataRow[] productDataRows = productsDataTable.Select();

V d k tip cung cp mt biu thc lc Sort(), tr li nhng i tng DataRow duy nht vi nhng gi tr
DataColumn ProductID nh hn hay bng 5

DataRow[] productDataRows = productsDataTable.Select("ProductID <= 5");

V d sau y cung cp c hai : mt biu thc lc v mt biu thc phn lai n sp xp nhng i tng
DataRow vi nhng gi tr ProductID gim dn:

DataRow[] productDataRows = productsDataTable.Select("ProductID <= 5", "ProductID DESC");

Nh bn c th thy t nhng v d trc y, nhng biu thc lc v phn lai th tng t nh mnh
WHERE v ORDER BY trong pht biu SELECT. Do bn c th s dng nhng biu thc mnh m trong
nhng lnh gi ca bn ti phng thc Sort() . v d, bn c th s dng nhng tan t so snh AND, OR,
NOT, IN, LIKE, nhng ton t s hc, nhng k t i din, v nhng hm tng th trong nhng biu thc lc
ca bn.

Ghi ch : cho nhng chi tit y v cch s dng nhng biu thc lc, tham chiu ti thuc tnh
DataColumn.Expression trong ti liu trc tuyn .NET.

V d sau y s dng ton t LIKE v k t i din (%)- ph hp vi bt k s lng k t no- lc
nhng hng c ProductName bt u vi 'cha'. V d cng phn loi v sp xp nhng hng vi gi tr
ProductID gim dn v ProductName tng dn .

productDataRows =
productsDataTable.Select("ProductName LIKE 'Cha%'",
"ProductID DESC, ProductName ASC");

Ch : chui Cha% c t trong nhng trch dn n ('Cha%'), m bn phi thc hin cho tt c cc k t
chui.
Ghi nh : Bn cng c th s dng mt i tng DataView lc v phn loi nhng hng, v bn s hc
cch lm trong Chng 13, " cch s dng nhng i tng DataView ."

Danh sch 11.3 trnh by mt chng trnh thc hin vic tm , lc, v sp xp nhng i tng DataRow .

Danh sch 11.3: FINDFILTERANDSORTDATAROWS.CS

/*
FindFilterAndSortDataRows.cs illustrates how to find, filter,
and sort DataRow objects
*/

using System;
using System.Data;

class FindFilterAndSortDataRows
{
{
new SqlConnection(
);

"FROM Products " +
"SELECT TOP 10 OrderID, ProductID, UnitPrice, Quantity " +
"FROM [Order Details] " +
"ORDER BY OrderID";

// set the PrimaryKey property for the Products DataTable
// to the ProductID column
new DataColumn[]
{
};

// set the PrimaryKey property for the Order Details DataTable
// to the OrderID and ProductID columns
DataTable orderDetailsDataTable = myDataSet.Tables["Order Details"];
orderDetailsDataTable.Constraints.Add(
"Primary key constraint on the OrderID and ProductID columns",
new DataColumn[]{orderDetailsDataTable.Columns["OrderID"],
orderDetailsDataTable.Columns["ProductID"]},true);
// find product with ProductID of 3 using the Find() method
// to locate the DataRow using its primary key value
Console.WriteLine("Using the Find() method to locate DataRow object " +
"with a ProductID of 3");
DataRow productDataRow = productsDataTable.Rows.Find("3");
foreach (DataColumn myDataColumn in productsDataTable.Columns)
{
Console.WriteLine(myDataColumn + "= " + productDataRow[myDataColumn]);
}

// find order with OrderID of 10248 and ProductID of 11 using
// the Find() method
Console.WriteLine("Using the Find() method to locate DataRow object " +
"with an OrderID of 10248 and a ProductID of 11");
object[] orderDetails =new object[]{10248,11};
DataRow orderDetailDataRow = orderDetailsDataTable.Rows.Find(orderDetails);
foreach (DataColumn myDataColumn in orderDetailsDataTable.Columns)
{
Console.WriteLine(myDataColumn + "= " + orderDetailDataRow[myDataColumn]);
}

// filter and sort the DataRow objects in productsDataTable
// using the Select() method
Console.WriteLine("Using the Select() method to filter and sort DataRow objects");
DataRow[] productDataRows =
productsDataTable.Select("ProductID <= 5", "ProductID DESC",
DataViewRowState.OriginalRows);
foreach (DataRow myDataRow in productDataRows)
{
{
Console.WriteLine(myDataColumn + "= " + myDataRow[myDataColumn]);
}
}

// filter and sort the DataRow objects in productsDataTable
// using the Select() method
Console.WriteLine("Using the Select() method to filter and sort DataRow objects");
productDataRows =
productsDataTable.Select("ProductName LIKE 'Cha*'",
"ProductID ASC, ProductName DESC");
foreach (DataRow myDataRow in productDataRows)
{
{
Console.WriteLine(myDataColumn + "= " + myDataRow[myDataColumn]);
}
}
}
Using the Find() method to locate DataRow object with a ProductID of 3
ProductID = 3
Using the Find() method to locate DataRow object with an OrderID of 10248 and a
ProductID of 11
OrderID = 10248
ProductID = 11
UnitPrice = 14
Quantity = 12
Using the Select() method to filter and sort DataRow objects
ProductID = 5
ProductID = 4
ProductID = 3
ProductID = 2
ProductName = Chang
ProductID = 1
ProductName = Chai
Using the Select() method to filter and sort DataRow objects
ProductID = 1
ProductName = Chai
ProductID = 2
ProductName = Chang

S I NHNG HNG TRONG MT DATATABLE:

Trong mc ny, bn s thy nhng bc c yu cu thm, sa i, v loi b nhng i tng DataRow
t mt DataTable v sau y nhng thay i n c s d liu. Nhng v d trong mc ny ch ra cch
thm, sa i, v xa nhng hng trong bng c s d liu Customers.

Ghi nh: Bn s tm thy mt chng trnh y c tn AddModifyAndRemoveDataRows.cs trong th mc
ch11, n minh ha cch s dng nhng phng thc trnh by trong mc ny. Chng trnh ny b b qua
trong sch ny cho ngn gn.

THIT T MT DataAdapter Y NHNG THAY I TI C S D
LIU:

Trong chng 10, bn thy trc khi bn gi phng thc Fill() ca DataAdapter ca bn c nhng
hng t c s d liu, u tin bn cn thit t thuc tnh SelectCommand ca DataAdapter ca bn.
Th d:

SqlCommand mySelectCommand = mySqlConnection.CreateCommand();
mySelectCommand.CommandText =
"FROM Customers " +
mySqlDataAdapter.SelectCommand = mySelectCommand;

Pht biu SELECT ri c chy khi bn gi phng thc Fill() ca i tng mySqlDataAdapter truy xut
nhng hng t bng Customers vo trong mt dataset.

Tng t, trc khi bn c th y nhng thay i ti c s d liu, u tin bn phi thit lp DataAdapter
ca bn vi nhng i tng Command cha nhng pht biu SQL INSERT, UPDATE, v DELETE tng
ng. Bn ct gi nhng i tng lnh ny trong nhng thuc tnh InsertCommand, UpdateCommand, V
DeleteCommand ca i tng DataAdapter ca bn .

Bn y nhng thay i t Dataset ca bn n c s d liu s dng phng thc Update() ca DataAdapter
ca bn. Khi bn thm, iu chnh, hay loi b nhng i tng DataRow t Dataset ca bn v sau gi l
phng thc Update() ca DataAdapter, nhng lnh InsertCommand, UpdateCommand, hay DeleteCommand
thch hp s c chy y nhng s thay i ca bn n c s d liu.

Chng ta hy xem xt cch thit t nhng thuc tnh InsertCommand, UpdateCommand, V DeleteCommand
ca mt DataAdapter.

T THUC TNH INSERTCOMMAND CA MT DataAdapter:

V d sau y to ra mt i tng SqlCommand c tn myInsertCommand cha mt pht biu INSERT:

SqlCommand myInsertCommand = mySqlConnection.CreateCommand();
myInsertCommand.CommandText =
" CustomerID, CompanyName, Address" +
") VALUES (" +
" @CustomerID, @CompanyName, @Address" +
")";
myInsertCommand.Parameters.Add("@CustomerID", SqlDbType.NChar,
5, "CustomerID");
myInsertCommand.Parameters.Add("@CompanyName", SqlDbType.NVarChar,
40, "CompanyName");
myInsertCommand.Parameters.Add("@Address", SqlDbType.NVarChar,
60, "Address");
Bn tham s ti phng thc Add() nh sau:
Tn ca tham s
Kiu tham s .NET.
Chiu di cc i ca chui m c th gn ti gi tr ca tham s
Tn ca ct c s d liu tng ng m tham s c buc vo

Ghi nh: nhng lnh v nhng tham s c ni qua trong Chng 8, " thc thi nhng lnh C s d liu."

Nh bn c th thy trong m trc y, nhng tham s @CustomerID, @CompanyName, v @Address c
buc kt ti nhng ct CustomerID, CompanyName, v Adrress trong c s d liu.

Tip theo, v d sau y gn thuc tnh InsertCommand ca mySqlDataAdapter Ti myInsertCommand:

mySqlDataAdapter.InsertCommand = myInsertCommand;

THIT T THUC TNH UpdateCommand CA MT DataAdapter:

V d sau y to ra mt i tng SqlCommand c tn myUpdateCommand c cha mt pht biu UPDATE
v thit t thuc tnh UpdateCommand ca mySqlDataAdapter ti myUpdateCommand:

myUpdateCommand.CommandText =
"SET " +
" CompanyName = @NewCompanyName, " +
" Address = @NewAddress " +
"WHERE CustomerID = @OldCustomerID " +
"AND CompanyName = @OldCompanyName " +
"AND Address = @OldAddress";
myUpdateCommand.Parameters.Add("@NewCompanyName", SqlDbType.NVarChar,
40, "CompanyName");
myUpdateCommand.Parameters.Add("@NewAddress", SqlDbType.NVarChar,
60, "Address");
myUpdateCommand.Parameters.Add("@OldCustomerID", SqlDbType.NChar,
5, "CustomerID");
myUpdateCommand.Parameters.Add("@OldCompanyName", SqlDbType.NVarChar,
40, "CompanyName");
myUpdateCommand.Parameters.Add("@OldAddress", SqlDbType.NVarChar,
60, "Address");
myUpdateCommand.Parameters["@OldCustomerID"].SourceVersion =
DataRowVersion.Original;
myUpdateCommand.Parameters["@OldCompanyName"].SourceVersion =
myUpdateCommand.Parameters["@OldAddress"].SourceVersion =
mySqlDataAdapter.UpdateCommand = myUpdateCommand;

C hai iu cn ch v m ny:

Mnh WHERE ca pht biu UPDATE ch r nhng tham s cho nhng ct CompanyID,
CompanyName, v Address. S tranh chp lc quan nhng s dng ny, m bn s hc v n sau .
Mt thuc tnh c tn SourceVersion cho nhng tham s @OldCustomerID, @OldCompanyName
v @OldAddress c gn ti DataRowVersion.Original. iu ny gy ra nhng gi tr cho nhng tham
s ny c thit lp ti nhng gi tr ct DataRow nguyn bn trc lc bn thay i chng.

Nhng tit mc ny xc nh s tng tranh ca UPDATE, m bn s hc ngay sau y.

S TRANH CHP:

S tng tranh qut nh nhng s thay i ca nhiu ngi s dng ti cng mt hng c x l nh th no.
C hai kiu tng tranh ng dng cho mt Dataset:

S tng tranh lc quan: vi s tng tranh lc quan, bn c th sa i mt hng trong mt bng c
s d liu ch khi khng ai khc cng sa i chnh hng t khi bn ti n vo trong Dataset ca bn.
y in hnh l kiu tt nht ca s tng tranh s dng, bi v bn khng mun ghi ln nhng
thay i ca mt ngi no .

S tng tranh " ci sau cng thng " ("Last One Wins" Concurrency) vi s tng tranh " ci sau
cng thng " , bn c th lun lun sa i mt hng- v nhng s thay i ca cc bn ghi ln nhng
s thay i ca bt c ai . in hnh bn lun mun trnh s dng s tng tranh " mt s chin thng
cui cng " .

s dng s tng tranh lc quan, bn phi thc hin nh sau trong mnh WHERE ca pht biu
UPDATE hay DELETED ca bn:.

1. Bao gm tt c nhng ct c dng trong SELECT nguyn bn.
2. Gn nhng gi tr ct ny ti nhng gi tr ban u c truy xut t hng trong bng truc lc bn
thay
i nhng gi tr.

Khi bn thc hin hai iu ny trong s mnh WHERE ca pht biu UPDATE hay DELEDTE ca bn ,
u tin pht biu kim tra xem hng nguyn bn vn cn tn ti khng trc khi cp nht hay xa hng. Cch
ny, bn c th chc chn nhng s thay i ca bn khng ghi ln nhng s thay i ca bt c ai . Tt
nhin, nu hng nguyn bn c xa bi ngi s dng khc, v pht biu cp nht hay xa b ca bn s
tht bi.

s dng s tranh chp " ci sau cng thng " , bn phi bao gm kha chnh v gi tr ca n trong mnh
WHERE ca pht biu UPDATE hay DELETE ca bn . V pht biu UPDATE ca bn khng kim tra nhng
gi tr ban u, n n gin ghi ln nhng thay i ca bt c ai nu nh hng vn cn tn ti. ng thi,
mt pht biu DELETE n gin xa hng cho d ngi s dng khc sa i hng .

Tr li v d m trc y, n thit t thuc tnh UpdateCommand ca mySqlDataAdapter, Bn c th thy tt
c nhng ct u c bao gm trong mnh WHERE ca pht biu UPDATE . iu tha mn yu cu
u tin ca vic s dng s tng tranh lc quan c ch ra trc .

Yu cu th hai l bn t ct trong mnh WHERE ti nhng gi tr hng nguyn thy. Bn lm iu ny
bi thit t thuc tnh SourceVersion ca nhng tham s @OldCustomerID, @OldCompanyName, V
@OldAddress ti DataRowVersion.Original. Khi thc hin, iu ny ny ko nhng gi tr nguyn thy t
nhng i tng DataColumn trong DataRow trc khi bn thay i chng v t chng vo mnh WHERE
ca pht biu UPDATE.

Original - chnh l mt trong nhng phn t ca lp lit k (enumeration) System.Data.DataRowVersion ;
nhng ci khc c trnh by trong Bng 11.9.

Bng 11.9: nhng thnh vin Lit k DataRowVersion

Hng s M t
Current Gi tr ct hin ti
Default Gi tr mc nh ca ct
Original Gi tr ct nguyn bn.
Hng s M t
Proposed Gi tr ct c xng, n c gn khi bn son tho mt DataRow s dng phng thc
BeginEdit() .

THIT T THUC TNH eleteCommand CA MT DataAdapter:

V d sau y to ra mt i tng SqlCommand c tn myDeleteCommand c cha mt pht biu DELETE
v thit t thuc tnh DeleteCommand ca mySqlDataAdapter ti myDeleteCommand:

SqlCommand myDeleteCommand = mySqlConnection.CreateCommand();
myDeleteCommand.CommandText =
"AND CompanyName = @OldCompanyName " +
"AND Address = @OldAddress";
myDeleteCommand.Parameters.Add("@OldCustomerID", SqlDbType.NChar,
5, "CustomerID");
myDeleteCommand.Parameters.Add("@OldCompanyName", SqlDbType.NVarChar,
40, "CompanyName");
myDeleteCommand.Parameters.Add("@OldAddress", SqlDbType.NVarChar,
60, "Address");
myDeleteCommand.Parameters["@OldCustomerID"].SourceVersion =
myDeleteCommand.Parameters["@OldCompanyName"].SourceVersion =
myDeleteCommand.Parameters["@OldAddress"].SourceVersion =
mySqlDataAdapter.DeleteCommand = myDeleteCommand;

Ch rng pht biu DELETE cng s dng s tng tranh lc quan.

iu ny hon thnh s ci t i tng DataAdapter.

THM MT DATAROW VO MT DATATABLE:

Trong mc ny, bn s hc cch thm mt DataRow vo mt DataTable nh th no. Trc khi bn hc iu
ny, chng ta hy c tr mt Dataset vi nhng hng t bng Customers. M sau y to ra mt i tng
Dataset c tn myDataSet v c tr n bi gi phng thc mySqlDataAdapter.Fill():

int numOfRows =

Gi tr Int tr li bi phng thc Fill() l s hng c truy xut t c s d liu. i tng myDataSet by
gi cha mt DataTable c tn Customers, n cha nhng hng c truy xut bi pht biu SELECT m
c thit t trc trong thuc tnh SelectCommand ca mySqlDataAdapter :

SELECT CustomerID, CompanyName, Address
FROM Customers
ORDER BY CustomerID

thm mt hng mi vo mt i tng DataTable, bn s dng nhng bc sau y:

1. S dng phng thc NewRow() ca DataTable ca bn to ra mt DataRow mi.
2. Gn gi tr cho nhng i tng DataColumn ca DataRow mi ca bn. Ghi ch: bn c th gn mt
gi tr DataColumn ti null s dng phng thc SetNull() ca mt DataRow. Bn cng c th kim tra
liu mt DataColumn c cha gi tr null khng s dng phng thc IsNull() ca mt DataRow.
3. S dng phng thc Add() thng qua thuc tnh rows ca DataTable ca bn thm DataRow mi
vo DataTable ca bn.
4. S dng phng thc Update() ca DataAdapter ca bn y hng mi ti c s d liu.

Phng php sau y, c tn AddDataRow(), S dng nhng bc ny thm mt hng mi vo mt
DataTable:

public static void AddDataRow(
DataTable myDataTable,
SqlDataAdapter mySqlDataAdapter,
SqlConnection mySqlConnection
)
{
Console.WriteLine("\nIn AddDataRow()");

// step 1: use the NewRow() method of the DataTable to
// create a new DataRow
Console.WriteLine("Calling myDataTable.NewRow()");
DataRow myNewDataRow = myDataTable.NewRow();
Console.WriteLine("myNewDataRow.RowState = " +
myNewDataRow.RowState);

// step 2: set the values for the DataColumn objects of
// the new DataRow
myNewDataRow["CustomerID"] = "J5COM";
myNewDataRow["CompanyName"] = "J5 Company";
myNewDataRow["Address"] = "1 Main Street";

// step 3: use the Add() method through the Rows property
// to add the new DataRow to the DataTable
Console.WriteLine("Calling myDataTable.Rows.Add()");
myDataTable.Rows.Add(myNewDataRow);

// step 4: use the Update() method to push the new
// row to the database
Console.WriteLine("Calling mySqlDataAdapter.Update()");
int numOfRows = mySqlDataAdapter.Update(myDataTable);
Console.WriteLine("numOfRows = " + numOfRows);

DisplayDataRow(myNewDataRow, myDataTable);
}

Bn ch , ti gi phng thc Open() v Close() ca mySqlConnection xung quanh phng thc Update().
Bn khng cn phi lm iu ny v phng thc Update()- cng nh phng thc Fill() - s t ng m v
sau ng mySqlConnection nu nh hin thi n ang ng . l thc hnh lp trnh tt, tuy nhin, r
rng bao gm nhng lnh gi Open() v Close() l bn c th nhn thy chnh xc ci m chng ta ang tip
tc.

Ghi ch: Trong ADO.NET kiu truy nhp d liu ngt kt ni , bn cn phi in hnh gi kt ni ti c s d
liu m cng ngn cng tt. Tt nhin, nu bn ang thc hin nhiu lnh gi ti phng thc Update() hay
Fill() trong mt thi gian ngn, bn c th gi cho kt ni m v sau ng n khi bn kt thc. Bng cch
ny, m ca bn s thc thi tt hn . Bn c l cn th nghim nhng chng trnh ca mnh tm ra s cn
bng ng.

Phng thc Update() b qu ti nh sau:

int Update(DataRow[] myDataRows)
int Update(DataSet myDataSet)
int Update(DataTable myDataTable)
int Update(DataRow[] myDataRows, DataTableMapping myDataTableMapping)
int Update(DataSet myDataSet, string dataTableName)

vi
dataTableName: l mt chui cha tn ca DataTable cp nht. gi tr Int c tr li bi phng thc
Update() l s lng hng c cp nht thnh cng trong c s d liu.

Quay tr li phng thc AddDataRow() trc y, bn cng nn ch s bao gm ca nhng lnh gi
Connsole.WriteLine() n hin th thuc tnh RowState ca myNewDataRow. Thuc tnh RowState c gn
ti mt trong s nhng hng s nh ngha trong lp lit k System.Data.DataViewRowState. Bng 11.10 cho
thy rng nhng hng s nh ngha trong lp lit k DataRowState.

Bng 11.10: nhng thnh vin Lit k DataRowState

Hng s M t
Added DataRow c thm vo DataRowCollection ca DataTable.
Deleted DataRow c loi b t DataTable.
Detached DataRow khng l phn t ca DataTable.
Modified DataRow c sa i.
Unchanged DataRow khng c sa i.

AddDataRow() Gi mt phng thc c tn DisplayDataRow(), n hin th nhng gi tr DataColumn cho
DataRow c gi qua nh tham s u tin. DisplayDataRow() c nh ngha nh sau:

public static void DisplayDataRow(
DataRow myDataRow,
DataTable myDataTable)
{
Console.WriteLine("\nIn DisplayDataRow()");
{
}
}

Trong phng thc AddDataRow() trc y, bn thy rng n trnh by nhiu im ca thuc tnh RowState
ca myNewDataRow . u ra t AddDataRow() v nhng lnh gi ti DisplayDataRow() nh sau:

In AddDataRow()
Calling myDataTable.NewRow()
myNewDataRow.RowState = Detached
Calling myDataTable.Rows.Add()
myNewDataRow.RowState = Added
Calling mySqlDataAdapter.Update()
numOfRows = 1
myNewDataRow.RowState = Unchanged
In DisplayDataRow()
CustomerID = J5COM
CompanyName = J5 Company
Address = 1 Main Street

Chng ta hy kho st chi tit qu trnh chy m ny :

Sau khi myDataTable.NewRow() c gi to ra myNewDataRow, RowState ca n l
Detached (tch ra), n ch nh myNewDataRow khng cn l phn t ca myDataTable.
Tip theo, myDataTable.Row.Add() c gi thm myNewDataRow vo myDataTable. iu ny
gy ra RowState ca myNewDataRow thay i v Added, n cho bit myNewDataRow by gi l
phn t ca myDataTable.
Cui cng, mySqlDataAdapter.Update() c gi y hng mi ti c s d liu. iu ny gy ra
RowState ca myNewDataRow thay i ti Unchanged.

ng sau ng cnh, phng thc Update() chy pht biu INSERT trong thuc tnh mySqlDataAdapter.
InsertCommand thm hng mi ti bng Customers. gi tr Int c tr li bi pht biu Update() l s
lng hng b nh hng bi vic gi phng thc. Trong v d ny, 1 c tr v v mt hng c thm
vo.

SA I MT DATAROW TRONG MT DATATABLE:

sa i mt DataRow trong mt DataTable, Bn theo nhng bc sau y

1. Thit t thuc tnh PrimaryKey ca DataTable ca cc bn. Bn cn thit t n tm kim
DataRow trong bc tip theo.
2. S dng phng thc Find() nh v DataRow m bn mun sa i trong DataTable ca bn. Bn
nh v DataRow s dng gi tr ct kha chnh ca n.
3. Thay i nhng gi tr DataColumn cho DataRow ca bn.
4. S dng phng thc Update() ca i tng DataAdapter ca bn y hng c sa i ti c s
d liu.

Phng thc sau y, c tn ModifyDataRow(), S dng nhng bc ny sa i hng c thm vo trc
bi phng thc AddDataRow() :

public static void ModifyDataRow(
SqlConnection mySqlConnection)
{
Console.WriteLine("\nIn ModifyDataRow()");

// step 1: set the PrimaryKey property of the DataTable
myDataTable.PrimaryKey =
new DataColumn[]{myDataTable.Columns["CustomerID"]};

// step 2: use the Find() method to locate the DataRow
// in the DataTable using the primary key value
DataRow myEditDataRow = myDataTable.Rows.Find("J5COM");

// step 3: change the DataColumn values of the DataRow
myEditDataRow["CompanyName"] = "Widgets Inc.";
myEditDataRow["Address"] = "1 Any Street";
Console.WriteLine("myEditDataRow.RowState = " +
myEditDataRow.RowState);
Console.WriteLine("myEditDataRow[\" CustomerID\", " +
"DataRowVersion.Original] = " +
myEditDataRow["CustomerID", DataRowVersion.Original]);
Console.WriteLine("myEditDataRow[\" CompanyName\", " +
myEditDataRow["CompanyName", DataRowVersion.Original]);
Console.WriteLine("myEditDataRow[\" Address\", " +
myEditDataRow["Address", DataRowVersion.Original]);
Console.WriteLine("myEditDataRow[\" CompanyName\", " +
"DataRowVersion.Current] = " +
myEditDataRow["CompanyName", DataRowVersion.Current]);
Console.WriteLine("myEditDataRow[\" Address\", " +
myEditDataRow["Address", DataRowVersion.Current]);

// step 4: use the Update() method to push the modified

DisplayDataRow(myEditDataRow, myDataTable);
}

t kha chnh trong bc 1 khng phi c thc hin trong phng thc ModifyDataRow() . Bn c th,
chng hn, t kha chnh ngay sau khi gi phng thc Fill() trong phng thc Main() ca chng trnh
AddModifyAndRemoveDataRows.cs . L do Ti t kha chnh trong ModifyDataRow() l bn c th cng
nhn thy tt c nhng bc trong phng thc ny.

Ch trong bc 3 ca phng thc ny gi tr nguyn thy ca i tng DataColumn : CustomerID,
CompanyName, V Address c trnh by s dng hng s DataRowVersion. Original . y l nhng gi tr
nguyn thy ca DataColumn trc khi chng c thay i. Nhng gi tr hin ti ca nhng i tng
DataColumn : CompanyName v Address cng c hin th s dng hng s DataRowVersion.Current . y
l nhng gi tr DataColumn sau khi chng c thay i.

u ra t ModifyDataRow() v nhng lnh gi ti DisplayDataRow() nh sau:

In ModifyDataRow()
myEditDataRow.RowState = Modified
myEditDataRow["CustomerID", DataRowVersion.Original] = J5COM
myEditDataRow["CompanyName", DataRowVersion.Original] = J5 Company
myEditDataRow["Address", DataRowVersion.Original] = 1 Main Street
myEditDataRow["CompanyName", DataRowVersion.Current] = Widgets Inc.
myEditDataRow["Address", DataRowVersion.Current] = 1 Any Street
numOfRows = 1
myEditDataRow.RowState = Unchanged

In DisplayDataRow()
CustomerID = J5COM
CompanyName = Widgets Inc.
Address = 1 Any Street

Ch : i tng DataColumn -CompanyName v Address ca myEditDataRow c thay i. thuc tnh
RowState ca myEditDataRow thay i ti Modified sau khi CompanyName v Address ca n c thay i,
v sau ti Unchanged mySqlDataAdapter.Updatwe() c gi .

NH DU NHNG S SA I CA BN:

Bn c th s dng phng thc BeginEdit() nh du s bt u ca mt s sa i ti mt DataRow.
Chng hn:

myEditDataRow.BeginEdit();
myEditDataRow["CompanyName"] = "Widgets Inc.";
myEditDataRow["Address"] = "1 Any Street";

Ri bn s dng c hai phng thc EndEdit() hay CancelEdit() nh du kt thc s sa i ti DataRow.
EndEdit() giao ph s sa i; CancelEdit() loi b s sa i v khi phc DataRow ti pht biu nguyen bn
ca n trc tr luc son tho bt u.

V d sau y gi phng thc EndEdit() ca myEditDataRow giao ph nhng thay i a thc hin trong
v d trc.

myEditDataRow.EndEdit();

XA MT DATAROW T MT DATATABLE:

loi b mt DataRow t mt DataTable, bn s dng nhng bc sau y:

1. t thuc tnh PrimaryKey cho i tng DataTable ca bn.
2. S dng phng thc Find() nh v DataRow ca bn.
3. S S dng phng thc Delete() loi b DataRow ca bn.
4. S dng phng thc Update() y lnh xoa ti c s d liu.

Phng thc sau y, c tn RemoveDataRow(), s dng nhng bc ny loi b DataRow m trc
c sa i bi phng thc ModifyDataRow() :

public static void RemoveDataRow(
SqlConnection mySqlConnection)
{
Console.WriteLine("\nIn RemoveDataRow()");

new DataColumn[]{myDataTable.Columns["CustomerID"]};

DataRow myRemoveDataRow = myDataTable.Rows.Find("J5COM");

// step 3: use the Delete() method to remove the DataRow
Console.WriteLine("Calling myRemoveDataRow.Delete()");
myRemoveDataRow.Delete();
Console.WriteLine("myRemoveDataRow.RowState = " +
myRemoveDataRow.RowState);

// step 4: use the Update() method to remove the deleted
// row from the database
}

u ra t RemoveDataRow() nh sau:

In RemoveDataRow()
Calling myRemoveDataRow.Delete()
myRemoveDataRow.RowState = Deleted
numOfRows = 1
myRemoveDataRow.RowState = Detached

Ch :
Thuc tnh RowState ca myRemoveDataRow c t ti Deleted sau khi myRemoveData.Delete() c gi,
v sau ti Detachedsau khi mySqlDataAdapter.Update() c gi - c ngha l myRemoveDataRow khng
cn l phn t ca DataTable.

Ghi nh : Bn s tm thy mt chng trnh y c tn AddModifyAndRemoveDataRows.cs trong th mc
ch11 n minh ha cch s dng ca nhng phng thc AddDataRow(), ModifyDataRow(), v
RemoveDataRow() . Danh sch chng trnh ny c b qua trong sch ny cho ngn gn.

TRUY XUT NHNG GI TR CT NHN DNG (KHA CHNH):

Ct ProductID ca bng Products l mt ct "cn cc"(ct kha chnh). Trong mc ny bn s thy cch chn
mt hng mi vo bng Products v truy xut gi tr mi c pht sinh bi c s d liu cho ct kha chnh
ProductID nh th no.

Ghi nh: Bn s tm thy mt chng trnh y c tn UsingIdentityColumn.cs trong th mc ch11 n
minh ha s s dng ca nhng phng thc trnh by trong mc ny. Danh sch chng trnh ny c
b qua trong sch ny cho ngn gn.

Trong nhng v d, gi thit bn c mt DataTable c tn productsDataTable m c lu tr vi nhng hng
c truy xut bi pht biu SELECT sau y.

SELECT
ProductID, ProductName, UnitPrice
FROM Products
ORDER BY ProductID

V d sau y thit t thuc tnh PrimaryKey ca productsDataTable:

new DataColumn[]
{
};

Nhng v d k tip thit t thuc tnh AutoIncrement, AutoIncrementSeed, AutoIncrementStep, ReadOnly,
v Unique cho DataColumn ProductID ca productsDataTable:

productsDataTable.Columns["ProductID"];

V nhng s thit t ny, khi bn thm mt DataRow mi vo productsDataTable, ProductID DataColumn ca
DataRow mi ca bn thot tin s c gi tr -1.

Nh trong mc trc , " Sa i nhng hng trong mt DataTable, " Bn cn t thuc tnh InsertCommand,
UpdateCommand, v DeleteCommand ca i tng DataAdapter ca bn nhng i tng lnh thch hp.
Thuc tnh CommandText ca i tng Command c dng trong thuc tnh UpdateCommand nh sau:

"UPDATE Products " +
"SET " +
" ProductName = @NewProductName, " +
" UnitPrice = @NewUnitPrice " +
"WHERE ProductID = @OldProductID " +
"AND ProductName = @OldProductName " +
"AND UnitPrice = @OldUnitPrice";

Thuc tnh CommandText ca i tng Command c dng trong thuc tnh DeleteCommand nh sau:

"DELETE FROM Products " +
"WHERE ProductID = @OldProductID " +
"AND ProductName = @OldProductName " +
"AND UnitPrice = @OldUnitPrice";

Ch : CommandText ca hai i tng Command ny khng khc bit ng k vi nhng g c trnh by
trong mc trc , ch c iu n i ngc li bng Products hn l bng Customers.

S khc nhau thc s l trong CommandText ca i tng Command s dng trong thuc tnh
InsertCommand - phi truy xut gi tr ProductID pht sinh bi c s d liu cho hng mi. thc hin iu
ny, bn c th s dng m sau y c cha mt pht biu INSERT thm mt hng mi, cng vi mt pht
biu SELECT truy xut gi tr ProductID s dng mt lnh gi ti hm SQL Server:SCOPE_IDENTITY() :

"INSERT INTO Products (" +
" ProductName, UnitPrice " +
") VALUES (" +
" @MyProductName, @MyUnitPrice" +
");" +
"SELECT @MyProductID = SCOPE_IDENTITY();";
myInsertCommand.Parameters.Add(
"@MyProductName", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 40, "ProductName");
"@MyUnitPrice", SqlDbType.Money, 0, "UnitPrice");
myInsertCommand.Parameters.Add("@MyProductID", SqlDbType.Int,
0, "ProductID");
myInsertCommand.Parameters["@MyProductID"].Direction =

SCOPE_IDENTITY() hm tr li gi tr nhn dng(kha chnh) c thm sau cng vo trong bt k bng no
c thc hin bn trong phin c s d liu hin thi v store prosedure, trig, function, hay batch. Chng hn,
vic gi SCOPE_IDENTITY() trong v d trc tr li gi tr nhn dng(kha chnh) c thm sau cng vo
trong bng Products, chnh l ProductID ca hng mi

Ghi ch: cho nhng chi tit v hm SCOPE_IDENTITY() , tham chiu ti Chng 4, " gii thiu v lp trnh
Transact-SQL ."

Khi bn thm mt DataRow mi vo productsDataTable, DataColumn ProductID ca DataRow mi ca bn
thot tin s c gi tr -1. Khi bn gi phng thc Update() ca SqlDataAdapter ca bn y hng mi ti
c s d liu, nhng bc sau y s xut hin:

1. DataRow mi ca bn c y ti c s d liu s dng pht biu INSERT c thit t trong
myInsertCommand, vi ct ProductID ca bng Products ang c gn ti mt gi tr "cn cc"
mi pht sinh bi c s d liu.
2. Gi tr cn cc ProductID c truy xut bi pht biu SELECT gn trong myInsertCommand.
3. Ct d liu ProductId trong DataRow ca bn c gn ti gi tr "cn cc" c truy xut.

C t nhin kho st, bin tp, v chy chng trnh UsingIdentityColumn.cs c lu tr trong th mc ch11.
Chng trnh ny thc hin nhng hot ng cp cao sau y:

1. Truy xut nhng hng t bng Products vo trong mt DataTable c tn productsDataTable.
2. Thm mt DataRow vo productsDataTable.
3. Sa i DataRow mi.
4. Xa DataRow mi.

Khi bn chy chng trnh ny bn s ch s thay i ca gi tr ct d liu ProductID cho mt DataRow
mi thm vo t -1 n mt gi tr thc truy xut t c s d liu.

S DNG NHNG TH TC PROCEDURE THM, SA, XA
NHNG HNG T C S D LIU

Bn c th dng mt i tng DataAdapter gi nhng th tc lu tr thm, sa i, v loi b nhng
hng t c s d liu. Nhng th tc ny c gi thay cho nhng pht biu INSERT, UPDATE, v DELETE
m bn c thy cch thit t cc thuc tnh InsertCommand, UpdateCommand, v DeleteCommand
cho mt i tng DataAdapter .

Kh nng gi nhng th tc lu tr s dng mt DataAdapter l mt b sung rt mnh ti ADO.NET. v d
bn c th s dng mt th tc lu tr thm mt hng vo mt bng c cha mt ct kha chnh, v truy
xut gi tr mi cho ct ny c pht sinh bi c s d liu. Bn cng c th thc hin vic b sung trong
mt th tc lu tr nh chn mt hng vo trong mt bng kim ton khi mt hng c sa i. Bn s thy
nhng v d ca c hai kch bn ny trong mc ny.

Mo nh : s dng nhng th tc lu tr thay v nhng pht biu Chn, s Cp nht, v Xa c th cng
ci thin s thc thi. Bn cn phi s dng nhng th tc lu tr nu c s d liu ca bn h tr
chng. SQL Server v Oracle h tr nhng th tc lu tr. nhng th tc lu tr Oracle c vit trong
PL/ SQL.

Ct ProductID ca bng Products l mt ct kha chnh, v bn thy mt s th tc lu tr trong Chng 4, "
gii thiu v lp trnh giao dch- SQL " m thm mt hng vo nhng bng sn phm v tr li ProductID.

Trong mc ny, bn s thy cch

To ra nhng th tc lu tr c yu cu trong c s d liu Northwind.
thit lp mt DataAdapter gi nhng th tc lu tr.
Thm, sa i, v loi b mt DataRow t mt DataTable.

Nhng phng thc C# c trnh by trong mc ny i theo nhng bc tng t nh trnh by trong mc
trc , " Sa i nhng hng mt DataTable."

Ghi nh: Bn s tm thy mt chng trnh y c tn PushChangesUsingProcedures.cs trong th mc
ch11 minh ha s s dng ca nhng phng thc trnh by trong mc ny. Danh sch cho chng
trnh ny c b qua trong sch ny cho ngn gn.

TO STORED PROCEDURES TRONG C S D LIU:

Bn s to ra ba th tc lu tr trong c s d liu Northwind nhu sau:

AddProduct4(), m thm mt hng vo nhng bng sn phm.
UpdateProduct(), n cp nht mt hng trong bng Products.
DeleteProduct(), xa mt hng t nhng bng sn phm.

Chng ta hy xem xt nhng th tc ny.

TH TC LU TR AddProduct4()

AddProduct4() thm mt hng vo bng Products. N s dng s 4 v nhng chng trc s dng nhng
th tc c tn AddProduct(), AddProduct2(), V AddProduct3().

Danh sch 11.4 trnh by file AddProduct4.sql m bn s dng to ra th tc AddProduct4() . Hy tham
chiu ti Chng 4 nu bn cn mt nc gii kht trn Ngn ng Giao dch- SQL (Transact-SQL language)
hay nu bn cn tm hiu cch chy script ny to ra th tc trong c s d liu.

/*
AddProduct4.sql creates a procedure that adds a row to the
Products table using values passed as parameters to the
procedure. The procedure returns the ProductID of the new row
using a RETURN statement
*/

@MyUnitPrice money
AS

-- declare the @MyProductID variable

-- insert a row into the Products table
ProductName, UnitPrice
) VALUES (
@MyProductName, @MyUnitPrice
)

-- use the SCOPE_IDENTITY() function to get the last
-- identity value inserted into a table performed within
-- the current database session and stored procedure,
-- so SCOPE_IDENTITY returns the ProductID for the new row
-- in the Products table in this case

RETURN @MyProductID

Ghi ch: Bn s tm thy AddProduct4.sql trong th mc ch11.

TH TC UpdateProduct()

/*
UpdateProduct.sql creates a procedure that modifies a row
in the Products table using values passed as parameters
to the procedure
*/

CREATE PROCEDURE UpdateProduct
@OldProductID int,
@NewProductName nvarchar(40),
@NewUnitPrice money,
@OldProductName nvarchar(40),
@OldUnitPrice money
AS

-- update the row in the Products table
UPDATE Products
SET
ProductName = @NewProductName,
UnitPrice = @NewUnitPrice
WHERE ProductID = @OldProductID
AND ProductName = @OldProductName
AND UnitPrice = @OldUnitPrice

V mnh WHERE cha nhng gi tr ct c trong pht biu Update ca th tc ny, UPDATE s dng s
tng tranh lc quan c m t trc . c ngha l mt ngi s dng khng ghi ln nhng thay i ca
ngi s dng khc.

TH TC DeletProduct()

DeleteProduct() xa mt hng t bng Products. Danh sch 11.6 trnh by tp tin DeleteProduct.sql m bn s
dng to ra th tc DeleteProduct() .

Danh sch 11.6: DELETEPRODUCT.SQL

/*
DeleteProduct.sql creates a procedure that removes a row
from the Products table
*/

CREATE PROCEDURE DeleteProduct
@OldProductID int,
@OldUnitPrice money
AS

-- delete the row from the Products table
DELETE FROM Products

S DNG SET NOCOUNT ON TRONG STORED PROCEDURES

Trong Chng 4, " gii thiu v Lp trnh Giao dch- SQL " bn thy bn s dng command NET
NOCOUNT ON ngn nga Transact- SQL v vic tr li s lng hng b nh hng. in hnh, bn phi
trnh s dng lnh ny trong th tc lu tr ca bn bi v DataAdapter s dng s lng hng c nh
hng c tr li bit liu c phi s cp nht thnh cng.

C mt tnh hung khi bn phi s dng SET NOCOUNT ON : Khi th tc lu tr ca bn thc hin mt pht
biu Chn, s Cp nht hay Xa s m nh hng n bng khc khng k mt chnh bn ang y mt s
thay i Ti. Chng hn, ni DeleteProduct() Th tc cng thc hin mt s pht biu Chn thm mt hng
vo bng ProductAudit (c m t trong Chng 4) ghi s n lc xa hng t nhng bng sn phm.
Trong v d ny, bn phi s dng Tp hp NOCOUNT Trn vic trc y thc hin s Chn vo trong bng
ProductAudit, nh c a vo lit k 11.7.

Danh sch 11.7: DELETEPRODUCT2. SQL

/*
DeleteProduct2.sql creates a procedure that removes a row
from the Products table
*/

CREATE PROCEDURE DeleteProduct2
@OldProductID int,
@OldUnitPrice money
AS
-- delete the row from the Products table
DELETE FROM Products

-- use SET NOCOUNT ON to suppress the return of the
-- number of rows affected by the INSERT statement
SET NOCOUNT ON

-- add a row to the Audit table
IF @@ROWCOUNT = 1
INSERT INTO ProductAudit (
Action
) VALUES (
'Product deleted with ProductID of ' +
CONVERT(nvarchar, @OldProductID)
)
ELSE
INSERT INTO ProductAudit (
Action
) VALUES (
'Product with ProductID of ' +
CONVERT(nvarchar, @OldProductID) +
' was not deleted'
)

Do vic s dng SET NOCOUNT ON trc lnh INSERT, ch c s lng hng nh hng bi pht biu
DELETE c tr v, v do DataAdapter ly c gi tr ng.

Transact- SQL cng c mt Command SET NOCOUNT ON tr v s lng hng b nh hng. Bn c
th s dng mt s kt hp ca SET NOCOUNT OFF v SET NOCOUNT ON nu nh Bn cn thc hin
mt pht biu Chn, Cp nht, hay Xa trc pht biu SQL chnh trong th tc lu tr ca cc bn.

THIT LP MT DataAdapter GI NHNG TH TC LU TR:

Nh c cp trong mc trc - " Sa i nhng hng trong mt DataTable, " Bn cn to ra mt i
tng DataAdapter v gn nhng thuc tnh SelectCommand, InsertCommand, UpdateCommand, v
DeleteCommand ca n vi nhng i tng Command thch hp . Tuy nhin, lc ny, nhng thuc tnh
InsertCommand, UpdateCommand, v DeleteCommand s cha nhng i tng Command gi nhng th tc
lu tr c c trnh by trc .

u tin, v d sau y to ra mt i tng SqlCommand cha mt pht biu SELECT v thit t nhng
thuc tnh SelectCommand ca mt SqlDataAdapter ti SqlCommand ny:

"SELECT " +
" ProductID, ProductName, UnitPrice " +
"FROM Products " +

Pht biu SELECT c chy khi bn gi phng thc Fill() ca i tng mySqlDataAdapter truy xut
nhng hng t bng Product vo trong mt Dataset.

Trc khi bn c th y nhng thay i ti c s d liu, bn phi gn nhng thuc tnh InsertCommand,
UpdateCommand, v DeleteCommand ca DataAdapter ca bn vi nhng i tng Command. Nhng i
tng Command ny s cha nhng lnh gi ti nhng th tc lu tr AddProduct4(), UpdateProduct(), V
DeleteProduct() m bn to ra trc . Ri bn thm, iu chnh, hay loi b nhng i tng DataRow t
Dataset ca bn, v sau gi phng thc Update() ca DataAdapter ca bn , Th tc lu tr thch hp c
chy y nhng s thay i ca bn ti c s d liu.

Chng ta hy xem xt cch thit t nhng thuc tnh InsertCommand, UpdateCommand, v DeleteCommand
ca DataAdapter ca bn.

THIT T THUC TNH InsertCommand CA DataAdapter:

V d sau y to ra mt i tng SqlCommand c tn myInsertCommand cha mt lnh gi ti th tc lu
tr AddProduct4() :

SqlCommand myInsertCommand = mySqlConnection.CreateCommand();
"EXECUTE @MyProductID = AddProduct4 @MyProductName, @MyUnitPrice";
"@MyProductID", SqlDbType.Int, 0, "ProductID");
myInsertCommand.Parameters["@MyProductID"].Direction =
"@MyProductName", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 40, "ProductName");
"@MyUnitPrice", SqlDbType.Money, 0, "UnitPrice");

Nh bn c th thy t m trc y, hng ca tham s @MyProductID c gn l
ParameterDirection.Output , n ch nh tham s ny l mt tham s u ra. ng thi, chiu di cc i ca
nhng tham s @MyProductID v @MyUnitPrice c gn l 0 trong tham s th ba ca phng thc Add().
Vic gn chng ti 0 s tt hn bi v chiu di cc i khng ng dng vi nhng kiu di c nh nh
nhng con s, m ch ng dng vi nhng kiu nh nhng chui.

Tip theo, v d sau y t thuc tnh InsertCommand ca mySqlDataAdapter Ti myInsertCommand:

mySqlDataAdapter.InsertCommand = myInsertCommand;

THIT T THUC TNH UpdateCommand CA MT DataAdapter:

V d sau y to ra mt i tng SqlCommand c tn myUpdateCommand cha mt lnh gi ti th tc lu
tr UpdateProduct() v gn thuc tnh UpdateCommand ca mySqlDataAdapter l myUpdateCommand:

SqlCommand myUpdateCommand = mySqlConnection.CreateCommand();
"EXECUTE UpdateProduct @OldProductID, @NewProductName, " +
"@NewUnitPrice, @OldProductName, @OldUnitPrice";
myUpdateCommand.Parameters.Add(
"@OldProductID", SqlDbType.Int, 0, "ProductID");
"@NewProductName", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 40, "ProductName");
"@NewUnitPrice", SqlDbType.Money, 0, "UnitPrice");
"@OldProductName", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 40, "ProductName");
"@OldUnitPrice", SqlDbType.Money, 0, "UnitPrice");
myUpdateCommand.Parameters["@OldProductID"].SourceVersion =
myUpdateCommand.Parameters["@OldProductName"].SourceVersion =
myUpdateCommand.Parameters["@OldUnitPrice"].SourceVersion =
mySqlDataAdapter.UpdateCommand = myUpdateCommand;

THIT T THUC TNH DeleteCommand CA MT DataAdapter:

V d sau y to ra mt i tng SqlCommand c tn myDeleteCommand cha mt lnh gi ti th tc lu
tr DeleteProduct() v gn thuc tnh DeleteCommand ca mySqlDataAdapter l myDeleteCommand:

SqlCommand myDeleteCommand = mySqlConnection.CreateCommand();
"EXECUTE DeleteProduct @OldProductID, @OldProductName, @OldUnitPrice";
myDeleteCommand.Parameters.Add(
"@OldProductID", SqlDbType.Int, 0, "ProductID");
"@OldProductName", SqlDbType.NVarChar, 40, "ProductName");
"@OldUnitPrice", SqlDbType.Money, 0, "UnitPrice");
myDeleteCommand.Parameters["@OldProductID"].SourceVersion =
myDeleteCommand.Parameters["@OldProductName"].SourceVersion =
myDeleteCommand.Parameters["@OldUnitPrice"].SourceVersion =
mySqlDataAdapter.DeleteCommand = myDeleteCommand;

on m ny hon thnh vic ci t ca i tng DataAdapter.

THM MT DataRow VO MT DataTable:

Trong mc ny, bn s hc cch thm mt DataRow vo mt DataTable . u tin, m sau y to ra mt
i tng Dataset c tn myDataSet v c tr n bi vic gi mySqlDataAdapter. Fill():

int numOfRows =
mySqlDataAdapter.Fill(myDataSet, "Products");

Gi tr Int tr v bi phng thc Fill() l s lng hng c truy xut t c s d liu v sao chp ti
myDataSet. i tng myDataSet by gi cha mt DataTable c tn Products, n cha nhng hng c truy
xut bi pht biu SELECT thit lp trc trong thuc tnh SelectCommand ca mySqlDataAdapter :

SELECT ProductID, ProductName, UnitPrice
FROM Products
ORDER BY ProductID

thm mt hng mi vo mt i tng DataTable , bn s dng bn bc tng t nh trnh by trc
trong mc " sa i mt DataRow mt DataTable." Phng thc sau y, c tn AddDataRow(), s dng
nhng bc ny thm mt hng mi vo mt DataTable:

public static int AddDataRow(
)
{
Console.WriteLine("\nIn AddDataRow()");

// step 1: use the NewRow() method of the DataTable to
// create a new DataRow
Console.WriteLine("Calling myDataTable.NewRow()");
DataRow myNewDataRow = myDataTable.NewRow();

// step 2: set the values for the DataColumn objects of
// the new DataRow
myNewDataRow["ProductName"] = "Widget";
myNewDataRow["UnitPrice"] = 10.99;

// step 3: use the Add() method through the Rows property
// to add the new DataRow to the DataTable
Console.WriteLine("Calling myDataTable.Rows.Add()");
myDataTable.Rows.Add(myNewDataRow);
// step 4: use the Update() method to push the new

DisplayDataRow(myNewDataRow, myDataTable);

// return the ProductID of the new DataRow
return (int) myNewDataRow["ProductID"];
}

Ch khng c gi tr no cho ct d liu ProductID c thit t trong bc 2. Bi v ProductID t ng
c pht sinh bi c s d liu khi hng mi c y ti c s d liu bi phng thc Update() trong bc
4.

Khi phng thc Update() c gi , th tc lu tr AddProduct4() c chy thm hng mi vo bng
Products. Ri c s d liu pht sinh mt ProductID mi cho hng, gi tr ny c tr v bi th tc lu tr
AddProduct4() . V bn c th c ProductID mi bi s dng myNewDataRow[" ProductID "], m by gi
cha ProductID mi. ProductID ny c tr v vo thi im cui cng ca thc thi phng thc
AddDataRow().

u ra t AddDataRow() v lnh gi ca n ti DisplayDataRow() nh sau:

In AddDataRow()
Calling myDataTable.NewRow()
myNewDataRow.RowState = Detached
Calling myDataTable.Rows.Add()
myNewDataRow.RowState = Added
numOfRows = 1
myNewDataRow.RowState = Unchanged

In DisplayDataRow()
ProductID = 180
ProductName = Widget
UnitPrice = 10.99

Nh bn c th thy, sau khi myDataTable.NewRow() c gi to ra myNewDataRow, RowState ca n l
Detached, cho bit myNewDataRow khng cn l phn t ca myDataTable.

Tip theo, myDataTable.Row.Add() c gi thm myNewDataRow vo myDataTable. iu ny gy ra
RowState ca myDataTable thay i thnh Added, cho bit myNewDataRow c thm vo myDataTable.
Cui cng, mySqlDataAdapter.Update() c gi y hng mi ti c s d liu.Th tc lu tr
AddProduct4() c chy thm hng mi vo bng Products , v RowState ca myNewDataRow thay i
thnh Unchanged.

THAY I MT DataRow TRONG MT DataTable:

Phng thc sau y, c tn ModifyDataRow(), s dng bn bc sa i mt DataRow trong mt i
tng DataTable. Ch rng ProductID chnh sa c gi qua nh mt tham s.

int productID,
)
{

new DataColumn[]
{
myDataTable.Columns["ProductID"]
};

DataRow myEditDataRow = myDataTable.Rows.Find(productID);

myEditDataRow["ProductName"] = "Advanced Widget";
myEditDataRow["UnitPrice"] = 24.99;
Console.WriteLine("myEditDataRow[\" ProductID\", " +
myEditDataRow["ProductID", DataRowVersion.Original]);
Console.WriteLine("myEditDataRow[\" ProductName\", " +
myEditDataRow["ProductName", DataRowVersion.Original]);
Console.WriteLine("myEditDataRow[\" UnitPrice\", " +
myEditDataRow["UnitPrice", DataRowVersion.Original]);
Console.WriteLine("myEditDataRow[\" ProductName\", " +
myEditDataRow["ProductName", DataRowVersion.Current]);
Console.WriteLine("myEditDataRow[\" UnitPrice\", " +
myEditDataRow["UnitPrice", DataRowVersion.Current]);

// step 4: use the Update() method to push the update
// to the database

DisplayDataRow(myEditDataRow, myDataTable);
}

Ch phng thc ny trnh by nhng gi tr ban u ca nhng i tng DataColumn : ProductID,
ProductName, v UnitPrice s dng DataRowVersion.Original.Constant . y l nhng gi tr DataColumn
trc khi chng c thay i. Phng thc cng trnh by nhng gi tr hin ti cho nhng i tng ct d
liu ProductName v UnitPrice s dng hng s DataRowVersion.Current . y l nhng gi tr DataColumn
sau khi chng c thay i. Khi phng thc Update() c gi trong bc 4, th tc lu tr UpdateProduct()
c chy pha sau ng cnh thc hin s cp nht.

u ra t ModifyDataRow() v lnh gi ca ti DisplayDataRow() nh sau:

In ModifyDataRow()
myEditDataRow.RowState = Modified
myEditDataRow["ProductID", DataRowVersion.Original] = 180
myEditDataRow["ProductName", DataRowVersion.Original] = Widget
myEditDataRow["UnitPrice", DataRowVersion.Original] = 10.99
myEditDataRow["ProductName", DataRowVersion.Current] = Advanced Widget
myEditDataRow["UnitPrice", DataRowVersion.Current] = 24.99
numOfRows = 1
myEditDataRow.RowState = Unchanged

In DisplayDataRow()
ProductID = 180
ProductName = Advanced Widget
UnitPrice = 24.99

Ch rng thuc tnh RowState ca myEditDataRow thay i thnh Modified sau khi d liu ca n c thay
i, v ri thnh Unchange sau khi mySqlDataAdapter.Update() c gi .

XA B MT DataRow T MT DataTable:

Phng thc sau y, c tn RemoveDataRow(), s dng bn bc loi b mt DataRow t mt DataTable.
Ch ProductID iu chnh c gi qua nh mt tham s.

public static void RemoveDataRow(
int productID,
)
{
Console.WriteLine("\nIn RemoveDataRow()");

new DataColumn[]
{
myDataTable.Columns["ProductID"]
};

DataRow myRemoveDataRow = myDataTable.Rows.Find(productID);

// step 3: use the Delete() method to remove the DataRow
Console.WriteLine("Calling myRemoveDataRow.Delete()");
myRemoveDataRow.Delete();

// step 4: use the Update() method to push the delete
// to the database
}
u ra t RemoveDataRow() nh sau:
In RemoveDataRow()
Calling myRemoveDataRow.Delete()
myRemoveDataRow.RowState = Deleted
numOfRows = 1
myRemoveDataRow.RowState = Detached

Ch rng thuc tnh RowState ca myRemoveDataRow c gn l Deleted sau khi myRemoveData.Delete()
c gi, v chuyn thnh Detached sau khi mySqlDataAdapter.Update() c gi. Khi phng thc Update()
c gi trong bc 4, Th tc lu tr DeleteProduct() c chy ng sau ng cnh thc hin vc xa.

Ghi nh Bn s tm thy mt chng trnh y c tn PushChangesUsingProcedures.cs trong th mc ch11
minh ha s s dng ca nhng phng thc AddDataRow(), ModifyDataRow(), V RemoveDataRow().
Danh sch ny c b qua trong sch ny cho ngn gn.

T NG PHT SINH NHNG PHT BIU SQL:

Nh bn thy trong nhng mc trc y, vic cung cp nhng pht biu INSERT, UPDATE, v DELETE
hay nhng th tc lu tr ca bn y nhng s thay i t Dataset ca bn n c s d liu c ngha bn
phi b cng vit nhiu m. Bn c th trnh vit m ny bi vic s dng mt i tng CommandBuilder,
m c th t ng pht sinh nhng lnh (Command) INSERT, UPDATE, v DELETE bng n l , m y
nhng s thay i bn thc hin vi mt i tng Dataset n c s d liu. Ri nhng lnh ny c gn vo
nhng thuc tnh InsertCommand, UpdateCommand, v DeleteCommand ca i tng DataAdapter ca bn .

Mc d bn c tit kim thi gia ghi mt vi dng m nh s dng CommandBuilder, Bn phi nh nhng gii
hn sau y khi s dng mt CommandBuilder:

Thuc tnh SelectCommand ca DataAdapter ca bn ch c th truy xut nhng hng t mt bng
n.
Bng c s d liu c dng trong SelectCommand ca bn phi cha ng mt kha chnh.
Kha chnh ca bng phi c bao gm trong SelectCommand ca cc bn.
CommandBuilder mt mt s lng nht nh thi gian pht sinh nhng lnh bi v n phi kho st
c s d liu .

Cnh bo: Bi v mt CommandBuilder lm chm s thc thi ca chng trnh ca bn, bn cn phi
trnh s dng chng. chng c d nh cho s s dng bi nhng ngi pht trin m khng quen
thuc vi SQL hay th tc lu tr. thc hin tt nht, bn s dng nhng th tc lu tr.

C ba lp nh cung cp c qun l CommandBuilder : SqlCommandBuilder, OleDbCommandBuilder, v
OdbcCommandBuilder. Bn s thy s s dng mt i tng SqlCommandBuilder trong mc ny, n lm
vic vi mt c s d liu ngi phc v SQL .Nhng kiu i tng khc lm vic trong cng mt cch .

u tin, bn cn thit t thuc tnh SelectCommand ca mt i tng SqlDataAdapter. Pht biu SELECT
c dng trong lnh (Command) ny ch c th truy xut nhng hng t mt bng n, v trong v d sau y
bng Customers c s dng

"FROM Customers " +

Tip theo, v d sau y to ra mt i tng SqlCommandBuilder, thng qua mySqlDataAdapter n
B khi to.

SqlCommandBuilder mySqlCommandBuilder =
new SqlCommandBuilder(mySqlDataAdapter);

SqlCommandBuilder s pht sinh nhng lnh (Command) cha pht biu Chn, Cp nht, v Xa da vo pht
biu SELECT trc c gn trong thuc tnh SelectCommand ca i tng mySqlDataAdapter.

Bn c th thu c c nhng lnh pht sinh - s dng nhng phng thc GetInsertCommand(),
GetUpdateCommand(), v GetDeleteCommand() ca mySqlCommandBuilder. Chng hn:

Console.WriteLine(
"mySqlCommandBuilder.GetInsertCommand().CommandText =\n" +
mySqlCommandBuilder.GetInsertCommand().CommandText
);
Console.WriteLine(
"mySqlCommandBuilder.GetUpdateCommand().CommandText =\n" +
mySqlCommandBuilder.GetUpdateCommand().CommandText
);
Console.WriteLine(
"mySqlCommandBuilder.GetDeleteCommand().CommandText =\n" +
mySqlCommandBuilder.GetDeleteCommand().CommandText
);

M ny hin th u ra sau y ( Ti c thm vi khong trng lm cho m d c hn)

mySqlCommandBuilder.GetInsertCommand().CommandText =
INSERT INTO Customers(CustomerID , CompanyName , Address)
VALUES (@p1 , @p2 , @p3)
mySqlCommandBuilder.GetUpdateCommand().CommandText =
UPDATE Customers
SET CustomerID = @p1 , CompanyName = @p2 , Address = @p3
WHERE (CustomerID = @p4 AND CompanyName = @p5 AND Address = @p6)
mySqlCommandBuilder.GetDeleteCommand().CommandText =
WHERE (CustomerID = @p1 AND CompanyName = @p2 AND Address = @p3)

Nh bn c th thy, nhng lnh ny tng t nh nhng lnh trnh by trc trong mc " Sa i nhng
hng mt DataTable." Nhng cu lnh SQL c dng trong nhng lnh ny s dng s tng tranh lc
quan.

By gi bn c th c tr v thc hin nhng thay i ti mt DataTable cha nhng hng t bng Customers,
ri y nhng thay i ti c s d liu s dng phng thc Update(). Bn c th s dng phng thc
AddDataRow(), ModifyDataRow(), V RemoveDataRow() nh trnh by trong mc trc , " Sa i nhng
hng mt DataTable."

Ghi nh : Bn s tm thy mt chng trnh y c tn UsingCommandBuilder.cs trong th mc
ch11 minh ha s s dng i tng CommandBuilder trnh by trong mc ny. Danh sch ny c
b qua trong sch ny cho ngn gn.

KHM PH DataAdapter V NHNG S KIN DataTable:

Bn s tm thy tt c nhng m v d c c trnh by trong mc ny trong chng trnh UsingEvents.cs
trong th mc ch11. Danh sch chng trnh ny c b qua trong sch ny cho ngn gn. Nu bn bin dch
v chy chng trnh ny, bn s thy trnh t m trong nhng s c pht khi khi bn thm, sa i, v loi
b mt hng t mt DataTable c cha nhng hng c truy xut t bng Customers.

NHNG S KIN DataAdapter:

Nhng s c c pht khi bi mt i tng SqlDataAdapter c trnh by trong Bng 11.11.

Bng 11.11: nhng s kin SqlDataAdapter
S KIN EVENT HANDLER M T
FillError FillErrorEventHandler Pht khi khi mt li xut hin trong thi gian mt lnh gi ti
phng thc Fill() .
RowUpdating RowUpdatingEventHandler Pht khi trc khi mt hng c b sung, iu chnh, hay xa
trong c s d liu nh mt kt qu ca vic gi phng thc
Update() .
RowUpdated RowUpdatedEventHandler Pht khi sau khi mt hng c b sung, iu chnh, hay xa trong
c s d liu nh mt kt qu ca vic gi phng php Update() .

S KIN FillError:

S kin FillError pht khi khi bn gi phng thc Fill() m mt li xy ra. Sau y l mt cp tnh hung s
gy ra mt li :

Mt n lc thm mt s t c s d liu n mt DataColumn m vn khng th chuyn i c
vo kiu d liu .NET ca DataColumn ny m khng mt s chnh xc.
Mt n lc thm mt hng t c s d liu n mt DataTable m xm phm mt s rng buc
trong DataTable ny.

v d v B x l s kin (event handler) sau y, c tn FillErrorEventHandler(), kim tra li chuyn i
chnh xc:

public static void FillErrorEventHandler(
object sender, FillErrorEventArgs myFEEA
)
{
if (myFEEA.Errors.GetType() == typeof(System.OverflowException))
{
Console.WriteLine("A loss of precision occurred");
myFEEA.Continue = true;
}
}

Tham s u tin l mt i tng ca lp System.Object , v n i din cho i tng pht khi s kin.
Tham s th hai l mt i tng ca lp FillErrorEventArgs, n ging nh tt c nhng lp EventArgs, c
dn xut t lp System.EventArgs. Lp EventArgs l lp c s cho d liu s kin v i din cho nhng chi
tit ca s kin. Bng 11.12 cho thy nhng thuc tnh FillErrorEventArgs.

Bng 11.12: nhng thuc tnh FillErrorEventArgs
Thuc tnh Kiu M t
Continue bool Ly hay gn mt gi tr bool cho bit liu c phi bn mun tip tc in y Dataset
ca bn mc d c mt li xy ra. mc nh l false.
DataTable DataTable Ly DataTable m c in y khi li xut hin.
Errors Exception Ly ngoi l ang cha li sy ra.
Values object[] Ly nhng gi tr DataColumn ca DataRow m trong li xy ra. Nhng gi tr ny
c tr li trong mt mng i tng.

Bn ch nh mySqlDataAdapter s gi phng thc FillErrorEventHandler() khi s kin FillError khi pht s
dng m sau y:

mySqlDataAdapter.FillError +=
new FillErrorEventHandler(FillErrorEventHandler);

S KHIN RowUpdating:

S kin RowUpdating pht khi trc khi mt hng c cp nht trong c s d liu nh mt kt qu ca
phng thc Update() ca DataAdapter ca bn m bn gi. S kin ny pht khi mt ln cho mi
DataRow bn b sung, sa i, hay xa mt DataTable.

Nhng hot ng sau y c thc hin pha sau ng cnh cho mi DataRow khi bn gi phng thc
Update() ca DataAdapter ca bn :

1. Nhng gi tr trong DataRow ca cc bn c sao chp ti nhng gi tr tham s ca
lnh(Command) thch hp trong thuc tnh InsertCommand, UpdateCommand, hay DeleteCommand ca
DataAdapter ca bn.

2. S kin RowUpdating ca DataAdapter ca cc bn khi pht .
3. Lnh ( Command) c chy y s thay i ti c s d liu.
4. Mi tham s u ra t Command c tr v.
5. S kin RowUpdated ca DataAdapter ca bn khi pht .
6. Phng thc AcceptChanges() ca DataRow ca bn c gi .

Tham s th hai ti bt k phng thc b x l s kin no bn vit x l s kin RowUpdating ca mt
i tng SqlDataAdapter u thuc lp SqlRowUpdatingEventArgs, v Bng 11.13 cho thy nhng thuc tnh
ca lp ny.

Bng 11.13: nhng thuc tnh SqlRowUpdatingEventArgs
Thuc tnh Kiu M t
Command SqlCommand Ly hay gn SqlCommand c chy khi phng thc Update() c gi.
Errors Exception Ly ngoi l cho bt k li no xut hin.
Row DataRow Ly DataRow gi ti c s d liu thng qua phng thc Update() .
Thuc tnh Kiu M t
StatementType StatementType Ly kiu ca pht biu SQL s c chy. StatementType l mt lit k
trong namespace System.Data c cha nhng thnh vin sau y:
Delete
Insert
Select
Update
Status UpdateStatus Ly hay gn UpdateStatus ca i tng Command. UpdateStatus l mt
lit k trong namespace System.Data cha nhng thnh vin sau y:
Continue :cho bit DataAdapter s tip tc vic x l nhng hng.
ErrorsOccurred: cho bit s cp nht ny s c x l nh mt li.
SkipAllRemainingRows: cho bit hng hin ti v tt c cc hng
cn li u s c b qua v khng cp nht.
SkipCurrentRow: cho bit hng hin thi ny s c b qua v
khng cp nht. mc nh l Continue (tip tc).

TableMapping DataTableMapping Ly i tng DataTableMapping c gi ti phng thc Update() .
Mt i tng DataTableMapping cha mt s m t v mt mi quan h
c m hnh ha gia mt bng ngun v mt DataTable ( xem Chng
10, " S dng nhng i tng Dataset lu tr D liu ").

V d v B x l s kin sau y, c tn RowUpdatingEventHandler(), ngn nga bt k hng mi no c
thm vo c s d liu vi mt CustomerID c tr l J5COM:

public static void RowUpdatingEventHandler(
object sender, SqlRowUpdatingEventArgs mySRUEA
)
{
Console.WriteLine("\nIn RowUpdatingEventHandler()");
if ((mySRUEA.StatementType == StatementType.Insert) &&
(mySRUEA.Row["CustomerID"] == "J5COM"))
{
Console.WriteLine("Skipping current row");
mySRUEA.Status = UpdateStatus.SkipCurrentRow;
}
}

Bn ch nh mySqlDataAdapter s gi phng thc RowUpdatingEventHandler() khi s kin RowUpdating
khi pht s dng m sau y

mySqlDataAdapter.RowUpdating +=
new SqlRowUpdatingEventHandler(RowUpdatingEventHandler);

Nu bn gi phng thc AddDataRow() c trnh by trc th thm mt hng vo bng Customers ,
s kin RowUpdating s khi pht v gi phng thc RowUpdatingEventHandler() . Phng thc ny lm
cho hng mi b b qua v ngn nga n thm vo bng c s d liu Customers.

BIN C RowUpdate:

S kin RowUpdated khi pht sau khi mt hng c cp nht trong c s d liu nh mt kt qu ca vic
gi phng thc Update() ca DataAdapter ca bn. S kin ny pht khi mt ln cho mi DataRow bn b
sung, sa i, hay b xa mt DataTable.

Tham s th hai ti bt k phng thc no m bn vit x l s kin RowUpdated ca mt i tng
SqlDataAdapter u thuc lp SqlRowUpdatedEventArgs . Nhng thuc tnh ca lp ny cng ging nh
nhng thuc tnh trnh by trc y trong bng 11.13 , cng vi mt thuc tnh b sung trnh by trong
Bng 11.14.

Bng 11.14: Thuc tnh SqlRowUpdatedEventArgs B sung
Thuc tnh Kiu M t
RecordsAffected int Ly mt int cha s lng hng c thm vo, sa i, hay loi b khi lnh
(Command) thch hp c chy bi phng thc Update() .

v d v B x l s kin sau y, c tn RowUpdatedEventHandler(), n hin th s lng bn ghi b nh
hng bi Command sau y:

public static void RowUpdatedEventHandler(
object sender, SqlRowUpdatedEventArgs mySRUEA
)
{
Console.WriteLine("\nIn RowUpdatedEventHandler()");
Console.WriteLine("mySRUEA.RecordsAffected = " +
mySRUEA.RecordsAffected);
}

Bn ch nh mySqlDataAdapter s gi phng thc RowUpdatedEventHandler() khi s kin RowUpdated
khi pht s dng m sau y:

mySqlDataAdapter.RowUpdated +=
new SqlRowUpdatedEventHandler(RowUpdatedEventHandler);

NHNG S KIN DataTable:

Nhng s kin c pht khi t mt i tng DataTable c trnh by trong Bng 11.15.

Bng 11.15: nhng s kin DataTable
S kin EVENT HANDLER M t
ColumnChanging DataColumnChangeEventHandler Pht khi trc khi mt gi tr c thay i ca
DataColumn c giao ph mt DataRow.
ColumnChanged DataColumnChangeEventHandler Pht khi sau khi mt gi tr c thay i ca
DataColumn c giao ph mt DataRow.
RowChanging DataRowChangeEventHandler Pht khi trc khi mt DataRow c thay i, c
giao ph mt DataTable.
RowChanged DataRowChangeEventHandler Pht khi sau khi mt DataRow c thay i, c
giao ph mt DataTable.
RowDeleting DataRowChangeEventHandler Pht khi trc khi mt DataRow b xa t mt
DataTable.
RowDeleted DataRowChangeEventHandler Pht khi trc khi mt DataRow b xa t mt
DataTable.

NHNG S KIN ColumnChanging V ColumnChanged:

Nhng s kin ColumnChanging pht khi trc khi mt s thay i ti mt gi tr DataColumn c giao ph
mt DataRow. Tng t, nhng s kin ColumnChanged pht khi sau khi mt s thay i ti mt gi tr
DataColumn c giao ph mt DataRow. Hai s kin ny lun c pht khi trc nhng s kin
RowChanging v RowChanged.

T " Commit " trong vn cnh ny c ngha l g? Nu bn n gin t mt gi tr mi cho mt DataColumn,
th s thay i c t ng c giao ph trong DataRow. Tuy nhin, nu bn bt u s thay i ti
DataRow s dng phng thc BeginEdit() , th s thay i ch c giao ph khi bn gi phng thc
EndEdit() ca DataRow ny. Bn cng c th loi b s thay i ti DataRow s dng phng thc
CancelEdit() .

Tham s th hai ti bt k b x l s kin no m bn vit x l nhng s kin ColumnChanging hay
ColumnChanged ca mt i tng DataTable iu thuc lp DataColumnChangeEventArgs. Bng 11.16 cho
thy nhng thuc tnh (ca) lp ny.

Bng 11.16: nhng thuc tnh DataColumnChangeEventArgs
Thuc tnh Kiu M t
Column DataColumn Ly DataColumn vi gi tr m ang thay i.
ProposedValue object Ly hay gn gi tr mi cho DataColumn.
Row DataRow Ly DataRow cha DataColumn vi gi tr m ang thay i.

V d v nhng b s l phng thc sau y, c tn ColumnChangingEventHandler() v
ColumnChangedEventHandler(), trnh by nhng thuc tnh Column v ProposedValue:

public static void ColumnChangingEventHandler(
object sender,
DataColumnChangeEventArgs myDCCEA
)
{
Console.WriteLine("\nIn ColumnChangingEventHandler()");
Console.WriteLine("myDCCEA.Column = " + myDCCEA.Column);
Console.WriteLine("myDCCEA.ProposedValue = " + myDCCEA.ProposedValue);
}

public static void ColumnChangedEventHandler(
object sender,
DataColumnChangeEventArgs myDCCEA
)
{
Console.WriteLine("\nIn ColumnChangedEventHandler()");
Console.WriteLine("myDCCEA.Column = " + myDCCEA.Column);
Console.WriteLine("myDCCEA.ProposedValue = " + myDCCEA.ProposedValue);
}

V d tip theo to ra mt DataTable c tn customersDataTable v thm hai phng thc trc y ti nhng
s kin ColumnChanging v ColumnChanged ca customersDataTable:

DataTable customersDataTable = myDataSet.Tables["Customers"];

customersDataTable.ColumnChanging +=
new DataColumnChangeEventHandler(ColumnChangingEventHandler);

customersDataTable.ColumnChanged +=
new DataColumnChangeEventHandler(ColumnChangedEventHandler);

S KIN RowChanging V RowChanged:

S kin RowChanging khi pht trc khi mt s thay i ti mt DataRow c giao ph mt DataTable.
Tng t, s kin RowChanged khi pht sau khi mt s thay i ti mt gi tr DataRow c giao ph
mt DataTable.

Tham s th hai ti bt k b x l s kin no bn vit x l nhng s kin RowChanging hay
RowChanged ca mt i tng DataTable u thuc lp DataRowChangeEventArgs. Bng 11.17 cho thy
nhng thuc tnh (ca) lp ny.

Bng 11.17: nhng thuc tnh DataRowChangeEventArgs

Thuc tnh Kiu M t
Action DataRowAction Ly DataRowAction xut hin cho DataRow. S lit k DataRowAction c nh
ngha trong namespace System.Data v cha nhng thnh vin sau y:
Add: cho bit DataRow c thm vo DataTable.
Change: cho bit DataRow c sa i.
Commit: cho bit DataRow c "giao ph" trong DataTable.
Delete: cho bit DataRow c loi b t DataTable.
Nothing: cho bit DataRow khng thay i.
Rollback: cho bit s thay i ti DataRow c hy.
Row DataRow Ly DataRow cha DataColumn vi gi tr ang thay i.

v d v nhng b x l s kin sau y, c tn RowChangingEventHandler() v RowChangedEventHandler(),
hin th thuc tnh Action:

public static void RowChangingEventHandler(
object sender,
DataRowChangeEventArgs myDRCEA
)
{
Console.WriteLine("\nIn RowChangingEventHandler()");
Console.WriteLine("myDRCEA.Action = " + myDRCEA.Action);
}

public static void RowChangedEventHandler(
object sender,
)
{
Console.WriteLine("\nIn RowChangedEventHandler()");
}

V d tip theo thm hai phng thc trc y ti nhng s kin RowChanging v RowChanged ca
customersDataTable:

customersDataTable.RowChanging +=
new DataRowChangeEventHandler(RowChangingEventHandler);

customersDataTable.RowChanged +=
new DataRowChangeEventHandler(RowChangedEventHandler);

S KIN RowDeleting V RowDeleted:

S kin RowDeleting pht khi trc khi mt DataRow b xa t mt DataTable. Tng t, S kin
RowDeleted khi pht sau khi mt DataRow b xa t mt DataTable.

Tham s th hai ti bt k b x l s kin no bn vit x l nhng s kin RowDeleting hay RowDeleted
ca mt DataTable u thuc lp DataRowChangeEventArgs, v Bng 11.17 trc cho thy nhng thuc tnh
ca lp ny.

V d v nhng " b iu khin phng thc" sau y, c tn RowDeletingEventHandler() v RowDeleted-
EventHandler(), trnh by thuc tnh Action:

public static void RowDeletingEventHandler(
object sender,
)
{
Console.WriteLine("\nIn RowDeletingEventHandler()");
}

public static void RowDeletedEventHandler(
object sender,
)
{
Console.WriteLine("\nIn RowDeletedEventHandler()");
}

V d k tip thm hai phng thc trc ti nhng s kin RowDeleting v RowDeleted ca
customersDataTable:

customersDataTable.RowDeleting +=
new DataRowChangeEventHandler(RowDeletingEventHandler);

customersDataTable.RowDeleted +=
new DataRowChangeEventHandler(RowDeletedEventHandler);

Ghi nh: Bn s tm thy tt c m nhng v d trnh by trong mc ny trong chng trnh UsingEvents.cs
nh v trong th mc ch11. Danh sch chng trnh ny c b qua trong sch ny cho ngn gn.

GII QUT NHNG S THT BI CP NHT:

Cho n lc ny, nhng v d bn thy u gi thit rng nhng s cp nht y ti c s d liu bi
phng thc Update() u thnh cng. Trong mc ny, bn s thy nhng g xy ra khi nhng s cp nht tht
bi - v nhng g bn c th lm v iu ny.

Ghi nh : Bn s tm thy tt c m v d trnh by trong mc ny trong tp tin HandlingUpdateFailures.cs
c nh v trong th mc ch11. Danh sch chng trnh ny c b qua trong sch ny cho ngn gn.

Trong nhng v d trong mc ny, gi thit rng thuc tnh CommandText ca mt UpdateCommand ca i
tng SqlDataAdapter c thit t nh sau:

UPDATE Customers
SET
CompanyName = @NewCompanyName,
Address = @NewAddress
WHERE CustomerID = @OldCustomerID
AND CompanyName = @OldCompanyName
AND Address = @OldAddress

Pht biu Update ny s dng s "tng tranh lc quan" bi v nhng ct c cp nht bao gm trong mnh
WHERE.

MT TNH HUNG THT BI CP NHT:

Xem xt tnh hung sau y trnh by mt s tht bi cp nht:

1. Ngi s dng 1 truy xut nhng hng t bng Customers vo trong mt DataTable c tn
customersDataTable.
2. Ngi s dng 2 cng truy xut cng hng ny.
3. Ngi s dng 1 cp nht ct d liu CustomerName ca DataRow vi ct kha chnh CustomerID l
J5COM v y s thay i ti c s d liu. Cho l ngi s dng 1 thay i CustomerName t J5
Company n Updated Company.
4. Ngi s dng 2 cng cp nht cng DataRow ny v thay i CompanyName t J5 Company n
Widgets Inc. v n lc y s thay i ny ti c s d liu. nh vy ngi s dng 2 gy cho mt i
tng DBConcurrecy- Exception s c nm ra v s cp nht ca h tht bi. (Ngoi l ging nh vy
xut hin nu ngi s dng 2 th cp nht hay xa mt hng m b xa bi ngi s dng 1.)

Ti sao s cp nht trong bc 4 b tht bi ? L do l vi s tng tranh lc quan, ct CompanyName c
s dng trong mnh WHERE ca pht biu Update. Bi v iu ny, hng nguyn bn c ti bi ngi s
dng 2 khng th tm thy na - v do pht biu cp nht tht bi. Hng khng th tm c v ngi s
dng 1 thay i ct CompanyName t J5 Company n Updated Company trong bc 2.

y l vn vi s "tng tranh lc quan", nhng iu g m Bn c th lm nh mt ngi lp trnh ? Bn
c th bo co s c ti ngi s dng 2, lm ti li nhng hng ca h s dng phng thc Fill(), h c
th thc hin s thay i ca h ln na - tuy nhin, nu ngi s dng 2 thc rt hin nhiu ln s thay i
v h cng khng th lu tr bt k th g ca h, h c l s rt bt mn v chng trnh ca bn.

May mn thay, bn c th t thuc tnh ContinueUpdateOnError ca DataAdapter ca bn l true tip tc
cp nht bt k i tng DataRow no d mt li xut hin. vi cch ny, khi ngi s dng 2 lu nhng s
thay i ca h , h c th t nht lu c nhng hng m khng gy ra bt k li no. Chng ta hy xem xt
cch thit t thuc tnh ContinueUpdateOnError nh th no.

THIT T THUC TNH ContinueUpdateOnError:

V d sau y t thuc tnh ContinueUpdateOnError ti true cho mySqlDataAdapter:

mySqlDataAdapter.ContinueUpdateOnError = true;

Khi bn gi mySqlDataAdapter.Update(), n s y tt c nhng s thay i m khng gy ra nhng li ti c
s d liu.v Bn c th kim tra nhng li sau s dng thuc tnh HasErrors ca mt Dataset hay thuc
tnh HasErrors ca nhng i tng DataTable ring l, nhng li m Bn s thy khng lu sau y trong mc
" S kim tra nhng li."

LP TRNH MT V D CP NHT THT BI:

Chng ta hy lp trnh mt v d v mt s cp nht b tht bi. V d ny s m phng nhng s cp nht gy
ra bi ngi s dng 1 v ngi s dng 2 m t trc . Ti s s dng phng thc sau y, c tn
ModifyRowsUsingUPDATE(), m phng s cp nht thc hin bi ngi s dng 1 trong bc 3 m t
trc

public static void ModifyRowUsingUPDATE(
)
{
Console.WriteLine("\nIn ModifyDataRowUsingUPDATE()");
Console.WriteLine("Updating CompanyName to 'Updated Company' for J5COM");

"SET CompanyName = 'Updated Company' " +

Console.WriteLine("Number of rows updated = " +
numberOfRows);
}

Ch rng CompanyName c gn l Update Company cho hng vi CustomerID l J5COM.

)
{

new DataColumn[]
{
myDataTable.Columns["CustomerID"]
};

DataRow myDataRow = myDataTable.Rows.Find("J5COM");

myDataRow["CompanyName"] = "Widgets Inc.";
Console.WriteLine("myDataRow.RowState = " +
myDataRow.RowState);

// step 4: use the Update() method to push the modified
Console.WriteLine("myDataRow.RowState = " +
myDataRow.RowState);

DisplayDataRow(myDataRow, myDataTable);
}

V d k tip gi ModifyRowUsingUPDATE() thc hin s cp nht u tin ca hng vi CustomerID l
J5COM:

ModifyRowUsingUPDATE(mySqlConnection);

Tip theo, thuc tnh ContinueUpdateOnError ca mySqlDataAdapter c gn l true tip tc cp nht bt
k i tng DataRow no d mt li xy ra

mySqlDataAdapter.ContinueUpdateOnError = true;

Tip theo, ModifyDataRow() c gi th sa i cng mt hng nh ModifyRowsUsingUPDATE():

ModifyDataRow(customersDataTable, mySqlDataAdapter, mySqlConnection);

Thng thng, iu ny s nm ra mt ngoi l v hng ny khng th tm thy c, nhng do thuc tnh
ContinueUpdateOnError ca mySqlDataAdapter c thit lp ti true, khng c ngoi l c nm ra. Bng
cch ny, nu myDataTable c nhng hng c cp nht khc, chng s vn c y ti c s d liu bi s
gi ti phng thc Update() .

KIM TRA NHNG LI:

Khi thuc tnh ContinueUpdateOnError ca mySqlDataAdapter c gn ti true, s khng c ngoi l c
nm khi mt li xut hin. Thay vo , bn c th kim tra nhng li trong mt Dataset hay DataTable ring
r hay DataRow s dng thuc tnh HasErrors. ri Bn c th hin th cho ngi s dng, nhng chi tit ca
li ,s dng thuc tnh RowError ca DataRow, Cng vi nguyn bn v nhng gi tr hin ti cho nhng i
tng DataColumn trong DataRow . v d:

if (myDataSet.HasErrors)
{
Console.WriteLine("\nDataSet has errors!");
{
// check the HasErrors property of myDataTable
if (myDataTable.HasErrors)
{
{
// check the HasErrors property of myDataRow
if (myDataRow.HasErrors)
{
Console.WriteLine("Here is the row error:");
Console.WriteLine(myDataRow.RowError);
Console.WriteLine("Here are the column details in the DataSet:");
{
Console.WriteLine(myDataColumn + "original value = " +
myDataRow[myDataColumn, DataRowVersion.Original]);
Console.WriteLine(myDataColumn + "current value = " +
myDataRow[myDataColumn, DataRowVersion.Current]);
}
}
}
}
}
}

CHNH L LI:

Hin th li cho ngi s dng ch l na cng vic. Bn c th lm g chnh nh vn ? Mt gii php l
gi phng thc Fill() ln na ng b ha nhng hng trong Dataset ca bn vi c s d liu. bng cch
ny, hng c cp nht bi ModifyRowsUsingUPDATE() trong bng Customers s c ko t bng
Customers v thay th hng nguyn bn J5COM trong Dataset. Chng hn:

numOfRows =

Bn c l mong i numOfRows s l 1, bi v Bn ang thay th ch mt hng, ng ? sai : numOfRows s
cha tng s lng hng trong bng Customers . L do cho iu ny l phng thc Fill() tht s ko tt c
nhng hng t bng Customers v t chng trong DataTable Customers ca myDataSet, n vt b bt k
hng hin hu no c gi tr ct kha chnh ph hp c trong DataTable Customers.

Cnh bo: Nu bn khng thm mt kha chnh vo DataTable Customers ca bn , th s gi ti
phng thc Fill() ch n gin l thm tt c nhng hng t bng Customers n DataTable
Customers ln na- s trng lp nhng hng sy ra y.

Tip theo, bn gi ModifyDataRow() ln na iu chnh hng J5COM :

ModifyDataRow(customersDataTable, mySqlDataAdapter, mySqlConnection);

Ln ny s cp nht thnh cng v ModifyDataRow() tm kim hng J5COM trong customersDataTable m
va c ko v t bng Customers.

Ghi nh: nu mt ngi s dng c cp nht mt hng b xa t bng c s d liu, th iu duy nht bn c
th lm l lm mi (refresh) li nhng hng v yu cu ngi s dng cp nht li hng ca h ln na.

S DNG Transaction(NHNG GIAO DCH) VI MT Dataset(SQL):

Trong Chng 3, " gii thiu Ngn ng truy vn c cu trc", bn thy cch nhm nhng cu lnh SQL
cng nhau nh th no vo trong transactions (giao dch).ri transaction c giao ph hay hi phc nh mt
n v. Chng hn, trong trng hp ca mt giao dch ngn hng bn c l mun rt tin t mt ti khon
v chuyn vo trong ti khon khc. ri Bn giao ph c hai s thay i ny nh mt n v, hoc nu sy ra
mt vn , hi phc li c hai thay i. Trong Chng 8, " thc hin nhng lnh C s d liu ", bn thy
cch s dng mt i tng transaction (Giao dch) nh th no i din cho mt Giao dch.

Nh bn bit, mt Dataset khng c mt s ni kt trc tip ti c s d liu. Thay vo , bn s dng nhng
phng thc Fill() v Update() tng ng ca mt DataAdapter ko v y nhng hng t v ti c s d
liu vo Dataset ca bn . Tht ra, mt Dataset khng c cht " kin thc " no v c s d liu . Mt Dataset
n gin ct gi mt bn sao khng kt ni ca d liu. V iu ny, mt Dataset khng c bt k chc nng
gn sn no x l nhng giao dch.

ri Bn s dng nhng giao dch vi mt Dataset nh th no? Cu tr li l bn phi s dng thuc tnh
Transaction ca nhng i tng Command c ct gi trong mt DataAdapter.

S DNG THUC TNH TRANSACTION CA I TNG DataAdapter Command

Mt DataAdapter ct gi bn i tng Command (Lnh) m khi bn truy nhp s dng nhng thuc tnh
SelectCommand, InsertCommand, UpdateCommand, v DeleteCommand. Khi bn gi phng thc Update()
ca mt DataAdapter, n s chy InsertCommand, UpdateCommand, hay DeleteCommand thch hp.

Bn c th to ra mt i tng Giao dch (Transaction) v thuc tnh Transaction ca nhng i tng
Command trong DataAdapter ca bn c gn vi Transaction ny. ri khi bn sa i Dataset ca bn v
y nhng s thay i ti c s d liu s dng phng thc Update() ca DataAdapter ca bn, Nhng s
thay i s s dng cng mt Transation.

V d sau y to ra mt i tng SqlTransaction c tn mySqlTransaction v gn thuc tnh Transaction ca
ton b nhng i tng Command trong mySqlDataAdapter ti mySqlTransaction:

SqlTransaction mySqlTransaction =
mySqlConnection.BeginTransaction();
mySqlDataAdapter.SelectCommand.Transaction = mySqlTransaction;
mySqlDataAdapter.InsertCommand.Transaction = mySqlTransaction;
mySqlDataAdapter.UpdateCommand.Transaction = mySqlTransaction;
mySqlDataAdapter.DeleteCommand.Transaction = mySqlTransaction;

Ton b nhng i tng Command trong mySqlDataAdapter by gi s s dng mySqlTransaction.
Chng ta hy cho l bn thm, iu chnh, v loi b mt s hng t mt DataTable c cha trong mt
Dataset c tn myDataSet. Bn c th y nhng s thay i ny ti c s d liu s dng v d sau y:

mySqlDataAdapter.Update(myDataSet);

Tt c nhng s thay i ca cc bn ti myDataSet c y ti c s d liu nh b phn ca giao dch trong
mySqlTransaction. Bn c th giao ph nhng s thay i s dng phng thc Commit() ca
mySqlTransaction:

Bn c th cng phc nguyn nhng s thay i s dng phng thc Rollback() ca mySqlTransaction.

Ghi ch:
Mt giao dch l phc nguyn theo mc nh; bi vy, bn cn phi lun lun ch nh r rng l giao ph hay
phc nguyn giao dch ca bn, s dng Commit() hay Rollback() n thc hin ng ci m chng trnh
ca bn d nh lm.

SA I D LIU S DNG MT Dataset NH KIU D LIU MNH

Trong Chng 10, bn thy cch to v s dng mt lp Dataset nh kiu d liu mnh c tn MyDataSet
nh th no. Bn c th s dng nhng i tng ca lp ny i din cho bng Customers v nhng hng
t bng ny. Trong mc ny, bn s thy cch sa i d liu nh th no s dng mt i tng nh kiu
mnh ca lp MyDataSet.

Ghi ch
Mt trong s nhng c tnh ca mt i tng Dataset nh kiu mnh cho php bn c mt gi tr ct s
dng mt thuc tnh c cng tn vi ct. Chng hn, c CustomerID ca mt ct bn c th s dng
myDataRow. CustomerID thay v myDataRow[ " CustomerID "]. Xem Chng 10 cho nhiu chi tit v c gi
tr ct hn.

Ba phng thc sau y trong lp MyDataSet cho php bn sa i nhng hng c ct gi trong mt i
tng MyDataSet gm : NewCustomersRow(), AddCustomersRow(), v RemoveCustomersRow(). Bn c th
tm thy mt hng s dng phng thc FindByCustomerID() . Bn c th kim tra liu mt gi tr ct cha
ng mt gi tr null s dng nhng phng thc nh IsContactNameNull(), v Bn c th t mt ct ti null
s dng nhng phng thc nh SetContactNameNull(). Bn s thy cch s dng phng thc ny khng lu
say y.

Phng thc Form1_Load() ca Form trong d n v d trnh by cch thm, sa i, v loi b mt hng
ti mt i tng Dataset kiu d liu mnh c tn myDataSet1. Bn s thy nhng bc hon thnh nhng
nhim v ny trong phng thc Form1_Load() sau :

{
// populate the DataSet with the CustomerID, CompanyName,
// and Address columns from the Customers table
sqlDataAdapter1.Fill(myDataSet1, "Customers");

// get the Customers DataTable
MyDataSet.CustomersDataTable myDataTable =
myDataSet1.Customers;

// create a new DataRow in myDataTable using the
// NewCustomersRow() method of myDataTable
MyDataSet.CustomersRow myDataRow =
myDataTable.NewCustomersRow();

// set the CustomerID, CompanyName, and Address of myDataRow
myDataRow.CustomerID = "J5COM";
myDataRow.CompanyName = "J5 Company";
myDataRow.Address = "1 Main Street";

// add the new row to myDataTable using the
// AddCustomersRow() method
myDataTable.AddCustomersRow(myDataRow);

// push the new row to the database using
// the Update() method of sqlDataAdapter1
sqlDataAdapter1.Update(myDataTable);

// find the row using the FindByCustomerID()
// method of myDataTable
myDataRow = myDataTable.FindByCustomerID("J5COM");
// modify the CompanyName and Address of myDataRow
myDataRow.CompanyName = "Widgets Inc.";
myDataRow.Address = "1 Any Street";

// push the modification to the database

// display the DataRow objects in myDataTable
// in the listView1 object
foreach (MyDataSet.CustomersRow myDataRow2 in myDataTable.Rows)
{
listView1.Items.Add(myDataRow2.CustomerID);
listView1.Items.Add(myDataRow2.CompanyName);

// if the Address is null, set Address to "Unknown"
if (myDataRow2.IsAddressNull() == true)
{
myDataRow2.Address = "Unknown";
}
listView1.Items.Add(myDataRow2.Address);
}

// find and remove the new row using the
// FindByCustomerID() and RemoveCustomersRow() methods
// of myDataTable
myDataRow = myDataTable.FindByCustomerID("J5COM");
myDataTable.RemoveCustomersRow(myDataRow);

// push the delete to the database

}

Hy thai mi bin tp v chy form v d.

TM TT:

Trong chng ny, bn hc cch sa i nhng hng trong mt Dataset v sau y nhng s thay i ti
c s d liu qua mt DataAdapter nh th no.

Bn thy cch thm nhng s hn ch vo mt DataTable v nhng i tng DataColumn ca n nh th
no. iu ny cho php bn m hnh nhng s hn ch tng t da trn nhng bng c s d liu v nhng
ct trong nhng i tng DataTable v DataColumn ca bn. Bi vic thm nhng s hn ch ln trn v pha
trc, bn ngn nga d liu xu c thm vo Dataset ca bn , v nhng tr gip ny gim bt nhng li
khi th y nhng thay i trong Dataset ca bn ti c s d liu.

Mi hng trong mt DataTable c ct gi trong mt i tng DataRow, v bn thy cch tm , lc, v
phn loi nhng i tng DataRow mt DataTable s dng phng thc Find() ca mt DataTable nh th
no. Bn cng hc cch lc v phn loi nhng i tng DataRow mt DataTable nh th no s dng
phng thc Select() .

Bn thy nhng bc c yu cu thm, sa i, v loi b nhng i tng DataRow t mt
DataTable v sau y nhng thay i ny n c s d liu. lm iu ny u tin bn phi thit lp
DataAdapter ca bn vi nhng i tng Command cha nhng pht biu SQL INSERT, UPDATE, v
DELETE tng ng . Bn ct gi nhng i tng Command ny trong nhng thuc tnh InsertCommand,
UpdateCommand, v DeleteCommand ca i tng DataAdapter ca bn. Bn y nhng thay i t Dataset
ca bn n c s d liu s dng phng thc Update() ca DataAdapter ca bn. Khi bn thm, iu chnh,
hay loi b nhng i tng DataRow t Dataset ca bn v sau gi phng thc Update() ca DataAdapter
ca bn , InsertCommand, UpdateCommand, hay DeleteCommand thch hp c chy y nhng thay i
ca bn ti c s d liu.

S Tng tranh xc nh nhng s sa i ca nhiu ngi s dng ti cng hng c x l nh th no. Vi
s tng tranh lc quan, bn c th sa i mt hng trong mt bng c s d liu ch khi khng ai khc sa
i chnh hng t khi bn ti n vo trong Dataset ca cc bn. y l kiu tng tranh in hnh tt nht
s dng bi v bn khng mun ghi nhng s thay i ca mt ngi khc . Vi s tng tranh " ngi
trc thng " , bn lun lun c th sa i mt hng- v nhng s thay i ca bn ghi ln nhng s thay
i bt c ai khc. Bn in hnh mun trnh s dng s tng tranh " ngi trc thng " .

Bn c th c mt i tng DataAdapter gi nhng th tc lu tr thm, sa i, v loi b nhng hng
t c s d liu. Nhng th tc ny c gi (thay cho nhng pht biu Chn, Cp nht, v Xa) v bn c
thy cch thit t nhng thuc tnh InsertCommand, UpdateCommand, V DeleteCommand ca mt i
tng DataAdapter .

Vic cung cp nhng pht biu Chn, Cp nht v Xa hay nhng th tc c lu tr ca bn y nhng
thay i t Dataset ca bn n c s d liu c ngha l bn phi vit nhiu m. Bn c th trnh vit m ny
bi vic s dng mt i tng CommandBuilder, n c th t ng pht sinh nhng pht biu Chn , Cp nht,
v xa bng n y nhng thay i Bn lm vi mt i tng Dataset ti c s d liu. Nhng lnh ny
s c gn trong thuc tnh InsertCommand, UpdateCommand, v DeleteCommand ca i tng
DataAdapter ca bn .

Bn cng thy cch x l nhng s tht bi cp nht v s dng nhng giao dch vi mt Dataset nh th
no, v trong mc cui cng ca chng ny Bn thy cch cp nht nhng hng c ct gi trong mt
Dataset kiu d liu mnh nh th no.

Trong Chng 12, bn s hc cch nh hng v sa i d liu lin quan nh th no.

CHNG 12: NH HNG V SA I D LIU LIN H:

Tng quan
Trong chng 2, " Gii thiu v nhng c s d liu, " Bn thu sut nhng bng c s d liu lin quan ln
nhau thng qua nhng kha ngai. Chng hn, ct OrderID ca bng Orders lin quan n ct CustomerID ca
bng Customers thng qua mt kha ngai. V bng Ordres ph thuc vo bng Customers, Bng Orders c
hiu nh bng con v bng Customers nh bng cha . Kha ngai c ni ti nh ngha mt mi quan h
cha con gia hai bng.

Trong chng ny, bn s i su vo trong nhng chi tit ca nhng i tng UniqueConstraint,
ForeignKeyConstraint, v DataRelation . Bn s cng xem xt cch nh hng nhng hng trong nhng i
tng DataTable lin quan, thc hin nhng thay i trong nhng i tng DataTable lin quan , v cui cng
y nhng s thay i ti c s d liu.

Mo nh:
ci thin s thc hin khi ti mt DataTable vi mt lng ln i tng DataRow , bn cn phi t thuc
tnh EnforceConstraints ca Dataset ca bn l false cho khong thi gian ca s ti. iu ny ngt b nhng
s rng buc bt buc. Nh gn EnforceConstraints tr v gi tr mc nh true cui qu trnh ti.

Nhng ch im trong chng ny:
Lp UniqueConstraint
To ra mt i tng UniqueConstraint
Lp ForeignKeyConstraint
To ra mt i tng ForeignKeyConstraint
Lp DataRelation
To v s dng mt i tng DataRelation
Thm, cp nht, v xa nhng hng lin quan
Nhng vn khi cp nht kha chnh ca mt hng cha
Mng XML
nh ngha mt mi quan h s dng Visual Studio .NET

LP UniqueConstraint:
Bn s dng mt i tng ca lp UniqueConstraint bo m l gi tr mt DataColumn , hay s kt hp
ca nhng gi tr DataColumn, l duy nht cho mi DataRow mt DataTable. Lp UniqueConstraint c
bt ngun t lp System.Data.Constraint . Bng 12.1 cho thy nhng thuc tnh UniqueConstraint.

Bng 12.1: nhng thuc tnh UniqueConstraint
Thuc tnh kiu d liu M t
Columns DataColumn[]
Ly mng ca nhng i tng DataColumn cho UniqueConstraint.
ConstraintName string
Ly tn ca UniqueConstraint.
ExtendedProperties PropertyCollection
Ly i tng PropertyCollection m bn c th s dng ct gi
nhng chui ca thng tin b sung.
IsPrimaryKey bool
Ly mt gi tr bool cho bit liu c phi UniqueConstraint l mt
kha chnh.
Table DataTable
Ly DataTable trong UniqueConstraint c to ra.

TO MT I TNG UniqueConstraint:

Trong mc ny, bn s hc cch to ra mt i tng UniqueConstraint nh th no. B khi to
UniqueConstraint c ti nh sau:

UniqueConstraint(DataColumn myDataColumn)
UniqueConstraint(DataColumn[] myDataColumns)
UniqueConstraint(DataColumn myDataColumn, bool isPrimaryKey)
UniqueConstraint(DataColumn[] myDataColumns, bool isPrimaryKey)
UniqueConstraint(string constraintName, DataColumn myDataColumn)
UniqueConstraint(string constraintName, DataColumn[] myDataColumns)
UniqueConstraint(string constraintName, DataColumn myDataColumn, bool isPrimaryKey)
UniqueConstraint(string constraintName, DataColumn[] myDataColumns,
bool isPrimaryKey)
UniqueConstraint(string constraintName, string[] columnNames,
bool isPrimaryKey)

vi :
myDataColumn v myDataColumns l nhng i tng DataColumn m bn mun bo m duy
nht.
constraintName l tn bn mun gn ti thuc tnh ConstraintName ca UniqueConstraint ca bn.
isPrimaryKey cho bit liu c phi UniqueConstraint ca bn thuc mt kha chnh.

Trc khi to ra v thm mt UniqueConstraint ti mt DataTable, u tin Bn cn mt DataTable. V d sau
y to ra v c tr hai i tng DataTable c tn customersDT v ordersDT ( i tng ordersDT s c
s dng sau trong mc "To ra mt i tng ForeignKeyConstraint"):

"FROM Customers " +
"WHERE CustomerID = 'ALFKI'" +
"SELECT OrderID, CustomerID " +
"FROM Orders " +
myDataSet.Tables["Table"].TableName = "Customers";
DataTable customersDT = myDataSet.Tables["Customers"];
DataTable ordersDT = myDataSet.Tables["Orders"];

V d sau y to ra mt i tng UniqueConstraint trn DataColumn CustomerID ca customersDT
DataTable, V sau thm UniqueConstraint ny vo customersDT; ch tham s th ba ti B khi dng
UniqueConstraint c gn l true, cho bit s rng buc l cho mt kha chnh:

new UniqueConstraint(
"UniqueConstraintCustomerID",
customersDT.Columns["CustomerID"],
true
);
customersDT.Constraints.Add(myUC);

Ghi ch
thm mt cch thnh cng mt UniqueConstraint vo DataColumn ca mt DataTable, gi tr
DataColumn trong mi i tng DataRow trong DataTable phi l duy nht.

V d cui cng truy xut s rng buc va thm vo customerDT v hin th nhng thuc tnh ca n:

myUC =
(UniqueConstraint) customersDT.Constraints["UniqueConstraintCustomerID"];
Console.WriteLine("Columns:");
foreach (DataColumn myDataColumn in myUC.Columns)
{
Console.WriteLine("" + myDataColumn);
}
Console.WriteLine("myUC.ConstraintName = " + myUC.ConstraintName);
Console.WriteLine("myUC.IsPrimaryKey = " + myUC.IsPrimaryKey);
Console.WriteLine("myUC.Table = " + myUC.Table);

V d ny trnh by u ra sau y
Columns:
CustomerID
myUC.ConstraintName = UniqueConstraintCustomerID
myUC.IsPrimaryKey = True
myUC.Table = Customers
Thuc tnh IsPrimaryKey l true bi v s rng buc thuc mt kha chnh; iu ny c ch r trong b khi
to khi s rng buc c to ra trc .

LP Foreignkey Constraint:

Bn s dng mt i tng ca lp ForeignKeyConstraint i din cho mt s rng buc kha ngoi gia
hai i tng DataTable. iu ny bo m rng mi DataRow trong DataTable con c mt DataRow thch ng
trong DataTable cha ca bn. Lp ForeignKeyConstraint c bt ngun t lp System.Data.Constraint . Bng
12.2 cho thy nhng thuc tnh ForeignKeyConstraint.

Bng 12.2: nhng thuc tnh ForeignKeyConstraint
Thuc tnh Kiu d liu M t
AcceptRejectRule AcceptRejectRule
Ly hay gn AcceptRejectRule cho bit hot ng s xy ra khi
phng thc AcceptChanges() ca DataTable c gi .
Nhng thnh vin ca S lit k System.Data.AcceptRejectRule l:
Cascade: cho bit nhng s thay i ti nhng i tng
DataRow trong DataTable cha cng c lm trong DataTable
con
None : cho bit khng c hot ng no xy ra.
Mc nh l None.
Columns DataColumn[]
Ly mng ca nhng i tng DataColumn t DataTable con.
ConstraintName string
Ly tn ca i tng UniqueConstraint.
DeleteRule Rule
Ly hay gn quy tc cho bit hot ng s xy ra khi mt DataRow
trong DataTable cha b xa.
Nhng thnh vin ca s lit k System.Data.Rule l:
Cascade, cho bit s xa hay cp nht ti nhng i tng
DataRow trong DataTable cha cng c thc hin trong
DataTable con.
None: cho bit khng c hot ng no xy ra.
SetDefault: cho bit rng nhng gi tr DataColumn trong
DataTable con s c thit lp ti gi tr trong thuc tnh
DefaultValue ca DataColumn.
SetNull: cho bit nhng gi tr DataColumn trong DataTable
con s c thit lp ti DBNull.
gi tr mc nh l Cascade.
Ly i tng PropertyCollection m bn c th s dng lu tr
RelatedColumns DataColumn[]
Ly mng ca nhng i tng DataColumn trong DataTable cha cho
UniqueConstraint.
RelatedTable DataTable
Ly DataTable cha DataTable cho UniqueConstraint.
Table DataTable Ly DataTable con m UniqueConstraint thuc v.
UpdateRule Rule
Ly hay gn quy tc cho bit hot ng s xy ra khi mt DataRow
trong DataTable cha c cp nht. Xem thuc tnh DeleteRule v
nhng thnh vin ca s lit k quy tc (Rule enumeration) .
mc nh l Cascade.

TO MT I TNG ForeignConstraint:

B khi dng ForeignKeyConstraint c qu ti nh sau:

ForeignKeyConstraint(DataColumn parentDataColumn, DataColumn childDataColumn)
ForeignKeyConstraint(DataColumn[] parentDataColumns,
DataColumn[] childDataColumns)
ForeignKeyConstraint(string constraintName, DataColumn parentDataColumn,
DataColumn childDataColumn)
ForeignKeyConstraint(string constraintName,
DataColumn[] parentDataColumns, DataColumn[] childDataColumns)
ForeignKeyConstraint(string constraintName, string parentDataTableName,
string[] parentDataColumnNames, string[] childDataColumnNames,
AcceptRejectRule acceptRejectRule, Rule deleteRule, Rule updateRule)

Vi :
. parentDataColumn v parentDataColumns l nhng i tng DataColumn trong DataTable cha .
. childDataColumn v childDataColumns l nhng i tng DataColumn trong DataTable con .
. constraintName l tn bn mun gn ti thuc tnh ConstraintName ca ForeignKeyConstraint ca cc
bn.
. parentDataTableName l tn ca DataTable cha.
. parentDataColumnNames v childDataColumnNames cha tn ca nhng i tng DataColumn
trong nhng i tng DataTable cha v con.
. acceptRejectRule, deleteRule, v updateRule l nhng quy tc cho ForeignKey- Constraint.

Trc trong mc "To ra mt i tng UniqueConstraint," bn thy mt v d m to ra hai i tng
DataTable c tn customersDT v ordersDT. V d sau y to ra mt i tng ForeignKeyConstraint trn
DataColumn CustomerID ca ordersDT ti DataColumn CustomerID ca customersDT:

ForeignKeyConstraint myFKC =
new ForeignKeyConstraint(
"ForeignKeyConstraintCustomersOrders",
ordersDT.Columns["CustomerID"]
);
ordersDT.Constraints.Add(myFKC);

Ch : ForeignKeyConstraint c thm vo ordersDT s dng phng thc Add().
Ghi ch:
thm mt cch thnh cng mt ForeignKeyConstraint vo mt DataTable, mi gi tr DataColumn
trong DataTable con phi c mt gi tr DataColumn thch ng trong DataTable cha.
v d k tip truy xut s rng buc va thm vo ordersDT v trnh by nhng thuc tnh ca n :

myFKC =
(ForeignKeyConstraint)
ordersDT.Constraints["ForeignKeyConstraintCustomersOrders"];
Console.WriteLine("myFKC.AcceptRejectRule = " + myFKC.AcceptRejectRule);
foreach (DataColumn myDataColumn in myFKC.Columns)
{
}
Console.WriteLine("myFKC.ConstraintName = " + myFKC.ConstraintName);
Console.WriteLine("myFKC.DeleteRule = " + myFKC.DeleteRule);
Console.WriteLine("RelatedColumns:");
foreach (DataColumn relatedDataColumn in myFKC.RelatedColumns)
{
Console.WriteLine(""+ relatedDataColumn);
}
Console.WriteLine("myFKC.RelatedTable = " + myFKC.RelatedTable);
Console.WriteLine("myFKC.Table = " + myFKC.Table);
Console.WriteLine("myFKC.UpdateRule = " + myFKC.UpdateRule);

V d ny trnh by u ra sau y:

myFKC.AcceptRejectRule = None
Columns:
CustomerID
myFKC.ConstraintName = ForeignKeyConstraintCustomersOrders
myFKC.DeleteRule = Cascade
RelatedColumns:
CustomerID
myFKC.RelatedTable = Customers
myFKC.Table = Orders
myFKC.UpdateRule = Cascade
Ghi ch
Bn s tm thy tt c m nhng v d trnh by trong mc ny v mc trc y, "To ra mt i tng
UniqueConstraint, " trong chng trnh AddConstraints.cs . chng trnh ny b b qua trong sch ny cho
ngn gn.

LP DataRelation:

Bn s dng mt i tng ca lp DataRelation i din cho mt mi quan h gia hai i tng
DataTable. Bn s dng mt i tng DataRelation m hnh nhng mi quan h cha - con gia hai bng c
s d liu. Theo mc nh, khi bn to ra mt DataRelation- mt UniqueConstraint v ForeignKeyConstraint
c t ng thm vo nhng i tng DataTable cha v con ca cc bn . Bng 12.3 cho thy nhng thuc
tnh DataRelation.

Bng 12.3: nhng thuc tnh DataRelation
ChildColumns DataColumn[]
Ly mng ca nhng i tng DataColumn con.
ChildKeyConstraint ForeignKeyConstraint
Gets the ForeignKeyConstraint object for the DataRelation. ly
i tng ForeignKeyConstraint cho DataRelation.
ChildTable DataTable
Ly i tng DataTable con.
DataSet DataSet
Ly Dataset m DataRelation thuc v.
Ly i tng PropertyCollection m bn c th dng ct gi
Nested bool
Ly hay gn mt gi tr bool cho bit liu c phi nhng i tng
DataRelation c lng vo.iu ny hu ch khi nh ngha
nhng mi quan h c th bc trong XML. Mc nh l false.
ParentColumns DataColumn[]
Ly mng ca nhng i tng DataColumn cha .
ParentKeyConstraint UniqueConstraint
Ly i tng UniqueConstraint m bo m rng nhng gi tr
DataColumn trong DataTable cha l duy nht.
ParentTable DataTable
Ly i tng DataTable cha .
RelationName string
Ly tn ca i tng DataRelation.

TO V S DNG MT I TNG DataRelation:

Trong mc ny, bn s hc cch to ra mt i tng DataRelation nh ngha mt mi quan h gia hai i
tng DataTable m gi mt s hng t bng Customers v Orders . Nh bn bit, ct CustomerID ca bng
Orders con l mt kha ngoi lin kt ti ct CustomerID ca bng Customers cha.
Mt khi bn to ra mt DataRelation, bn c th s dng phng thc GetChildRows() ca mt i tng
DataRow trong DataTable cha thu c nhng i tng DataRow tng ng t DataTable con . Vi t "
tng ng ", Ti nh ngha nhng hng ph hp vi nhng gi tr trong nhng i tng DataColumn kha
ngoi. Bn c th cng s dng phng thc GetParentRow() ca mt DataRow trong DataTable con thu
c DataRow tng ng trong DataTable cha .
Trc khi to ra v thm mt DataRelation vo mt Dataset, u tin bn cn mt Dataset. V d theo sau to
ra v c tr mt Dataset vi hai i tng DataTable t tn customersDT v ordersDT; ch hai hng u
tin t bng Customers cng vi nhng hng tng ng t bng Orders c truy xut:
"FROM Customers " +
"FROM Orders " +
"WHERE CustomerID IN (" +
" SELECT TOP 2 CustomerID " +
" FROM Customers " +
" ORDER BY CustomerID" +
")";

Bn s thy cch to ra mt DataRelation nh ngha mt mi quan h gia nhng i tng DataTable:
customersDT v ordersDT nh th no .
Ghi ch:
Bn s tm thy tt c nhng m v d trnh by trong mc ny trong chng trnh CreateDataRelation.cs .

TO RA MT DataRelation:
B khi dng DataRelation c qu ti nh sau:
DataRelation(string dataRelationName,
DataColumn parentDataColumn, DataColumn childDataColumn)
DataColumn[] parentDataColumns, DataColumn[] childDataColumns)
DataColumn parentDataColumn, DataColumn childDataColumn, bool createConstraints)
DataColumn[] parentDataColumns, DataColumn[] childDataColumns,
bool createConstraints)
string parentDataTableName, string childDataTableName,
string[] parentDataColumnNames, string[] childDataColumnNames,
bool nested)

Vi :
. dataRelationName l tn bn mun gn ti thuc tnh RelationName ca DataRelation ca bn.
. parentDataColumn v i tng DataColumn parentDataColumnsare trong DataTable cha .
. childDataColumn v childDataColumns l nhng i tng DataColumn trong DataTable con .
. createConstraints cho bit liu bn c mun mt UniqueConstraint c thm vo DataTable cha v
mt ForeignKeyConstraint c thm vo DataTable con mt cch t ng (mc nh l true)
. parentDataTableName v childDataTableName l nhng tn ca nhng i tng DataTable cha v
con.
. parentDataColumnNames v childDataColumnNames cha tn ca nhng i tng DataColumn
trong nhng i tng DataTable cha v con .
. nested : cho bit liu c phi nhng mi quan h c lng vo.

V d sau y to ra mt i tng DataRelation c tn customersOrdersDataRel:

DataRelation customersOrdersDataRel =
new DataRelation(
"CustomersOrders",
);

Tn c gn ti thuc tnh RelationName ca customersOrdersDataRel l CustomersOrders, DataColumn cha
l customersDT.Columns[ " CustomerID "], v DataColumn con l ordersDT.Columns[ " CustomerID "].
Tip theo, customersOrdersDataRel phi c thm vo myDataSet. Bn truy nhp nhng i tng
DataRelation trong mt i tng Dataset thng qua thuc tnh Relationships ca n. Thuc tnh Relationships
tr li mt i tng ca lp DataRelationCollection, l mt tp hp ca nhng i tng DataRelation.
thm mt i tng DataRelation vo i tng DataRelationCollection ca mt Dataset, bn gi phng thc
Add() thng qua thuc tnh Relationships ca Dataset ca bn.

V d sau y s dng phng thc Add() thm customersOrdersDataRel ti myDataSet:

myDataSet.Relations.Add(
customersOrdersDataRel
);
Phng thc Add() c qu ti, v bn cng c th s dng phin bn sau ca phng thc Add() to ra v
thm mt i tng DataRelation ti myDataSet:

"CustomersOrders",
);

V d ny thc hin cng cng vic nh vi hai v d v d trc. Tham s u tin ti phng thc Add() l
mt chui cha tn bn mun gn ti thuc tnh RelationName ca DataRelation. Nhng tham s th hai v ba
ca mi quan h l nhng i tng DataColumn t nhng i tng DataTable cha v con.

KHO ST NHNG S RNG BUC TO RA BI DataRelation:
Theo mc nh, khi bn to ra mt DataRelation, mt UniqueConstraint v ForeignKeyConstraint c t ng
thm vo nhng i tng DataTable cha v con ca bn. Bn c th ly UniqueConstraint t mt
DataRelation s dng thuc tnh ParentKeyConstraint ca n. Chng hn:

customersOrdersDataRel.ParentKeyConstraint;

Bn c th xem nhng thuc tnh ca i tng myUC UniqueConstraint s dng m sau y:

foreach (DataColumn myDataColumn in myUC.Columns)
{
}
Console.WriteLine("myUC.ConstraintName = " + myUC.ConstraintName);
Console.WriteLine("myUC.IsPrimaryKey = " + myUC.IsPrimaryKey);
Console.WriteLine("myUC.Table = " + myUC.Table);

u ra t m ny nh sau:

Columns:
CustomerID
myUC.ConstraintName = Constraint1
myUC.IsPrimaryKey = False
myUC.Table = Customers

Bn c th ly ForeignKeyConstraint t mt DataRelation s dng thuc tnh ChildKeyConstraint ca n.
Chng hn:
ForeignKeyConstraint myFKC =
customersOrdersDataRel.ChildKeyConstraint;

Bn c th xem nhng thuc tnh ca myFKC s dng m sau y :

Console.WriteLine("myFKC.AcceptRejectRule = " + myFKC.AcceptRejectRule);
foreach (DataColumn myDataColumn in myFKC.Columns)
{
Console.WriteLine(""+ myDataColumn);
}
Console.WriteLine("myFKC.ConstraintName = " + myFKC.ConstraintName);
Console.WriteLine("myFKC.DeleteRule = " + myFKC.DeleteRule);
Console.WriteLine("RelatedColumns:");
foreach (DataColumn relatedDataColumn in myFKC.RelatedColumns)
{
Console.WriteLine("" + relatedDataColumn);
}
Console.WriteLine("myFKC.RelatedTable = " + myFKC.RelatedTable);
Console.WriteLine("myFKC.Table = " + myFKC.Table);
Console.WriteLine("myFKC.UpdateRule = " + myFKC.UpdateRule);

u ra t m ny nh sau:
myFKC.AcceptRejectRule = None
Columns:
CustomerID
myFKC.ConstraintName = CustomersOrders
myFKC.DeleteRule = Cascade
RelatedColumns:
CustomerID
myFKC.RelatedTable = Customers
myFKC.Table = Orders
myFKC.UpdateRule = Cascade

Thuc tnh DeleteRule v UpdateRule c gn ti Cascade theo mc nh. V DeleteRule c gn ti
Cascade, khi bn xa mt DataRow trong DataTable cha , th bt k i tng DataRow tng ng no trong
DataTable con u cng b xa. V UpdateRule c gn ti Cascade ,nn khi bn thay i DataColumn trong
DataTable cha trong ForeignKeyConstraint c to ra, th s thay i ging nh vy cng c thc hin
trong bt k i tng DataRow tng ng no trong DataTable con. Bn s hc nhiu hn v iu ny sau y
trong mc " Vn sy ra khi cp nht kha chnh ca mt hng cha"

NH HNG NHNG I TNG DataRow TRONG NHNG I TNG DataTable CHA
V CON

nh hng nhng i tng DataRow trong nhng i tng DataTable lin quan , bn s dng nhng
phng thc GetChildRows() v GetParentRows() ca mt DataRow.

S DNG PHNG THC GetChildRow():
Bn s dng phng thc GetChildRows() ly nhng i tng DataRow con lin quan t DataRow cha.
Chng hn, m sau y trnh by nhng i tng DataRow cha t DataTable customersDT v nhng i
tng DataRow con lin quan ca chng t DataTable ordersDT:

foreach (DataRow customerDR in customersDT.Rows)
{
Console.WriteLine("\nCustomerID = " + customerDR["CustomerID"]);
Console.WriteLine("CompanyName = " + customerDR["CompanyName"]);

DataRow[] ordersDRs = customerDR.GetChildRows("CustomersOrders");
Console.WriteLine("This customer placed the following orders:");
foreach (DataRow orderDR in ordersDRs)
{
Console.WriteLine("OrderID = " + orderDR["OrderID"]);
}
}
u ra t m ny nh sau:
CustomerID = ALFKI
This customer placed the following orders:
OrderID = 10643
OrderID = 10692
OrderID = 10702
OrderID = 10835
OrderID = 10952
OrderID = 11011

CustomerID = ANATR
CompanyName = Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados
This customer placed the following orders:
OrderID = 10308
OrderID = 10625
OrderID = 10759
OrderID = 10926

S DNG PHNG THC GetParentRow():
Bn s dng phng thc GetParentRow() ly DataRow cha t DataRow con. Chng hn, m sau y hin
th DataRow con u tin t ordersDT v DataRow cha lin quan ca n t customersDT:

DataRow parentCustomerDR = ordersDT.Rows[0].GetParentRow("CustomersOrders");
Console.WriteLine("\nOrder with OrderID of " + ordersDT.Rows[0]["OrderID"] +
" was placed by the following customer:");
Console.WriteLine("CustomerID = " + parentCustomerDR["CustomerID"]);
u ra t m ny nh sau:

Order with OrderID of 10643 was placed by the following customer:
CustomerID = ALFKI

THM, CP NHT V XA NHNG HNG LIN QUAN:

Trong mc ny, bn s hc cch thc hin nhng thay i trong nhng i tng DataTable ct gi nhng
hng t nhng bng Customers v Orders . Nhng bng ny c quan h thng qua kha ngoi CustomerID.
Nh bn s thy, bn phi y nhng thay i ti c s d liu nm bn di theo mt trt t ch nh. Nu bn
khng thc hin, chng trnh ca bn s pht sinh mt ngoi l.
Ghi ch:
Bn s tm thy tt c m nhng v d trnh by trong mc ny trong chng trnh ModifyingRelatedData.cs .

THIT LP NHNG I TNG DataAdapter:

Bn s cn hai i tng DataAdapter:
. Mt lm vic vi bng Customers, m s c t tn customersDA.
. Mt lm vic vi bng Orders, m s c t tn ordersDA.
Chng ta hy xem xt vic thit lp hai i tng DataAdapter ny.

THIT LP DataAdapter customersDA:
M sau y to ra v thit lp mt DataAdapter c tn customersDA cha pht biu cn thit SELECT,
INSERT, UPDATE, v DELETE truy nhp bng Customers:

SqlDataAdapter customersDA = new SqlDataAdapter();

// create a SqlCommand object to hold the SELECT
SqlCommand customersSelectCommand = mySqlConnection.CreateCommand();
customersSelectCommand.CommandText =
"FROM Customers";

// create a SqlCommand object to hold the INSERT
SqlCommand customersInsertCommand = mySqlConnection.CreateCommand();
customersInsertCommand.CommandText =
" CustomerID, CompanyName " +
") VALUES (" +
" @CustomerID, @CompanyName" +
")";
customersInsertCommand.Parameters.Add("@CustomerID", SqlDbType.NChar,
5, "CustomerID");
customersInsertCommand.Parameters.Add("@CompanyName", SqlDbType.NVarChar,
40, "CompanyName");

// create a SqlCommand object to hold the UPDATE
SqlCommand customersUpdateCommand = mySqlConnection.CreateCommand();
customersUpdateCommand.CommandText =
"SET " +
" CompanyName = @NewCompanyName " +
"AND CompanyName = @OldCompanyName";
customersUpdateCommand.Parameters.Add("@NewCompanyName",
SqlDbType.NVarChar, 40, "CompanyName");
customersUpdateCommand.Parameters.Add("@OldCustomerID",
SqlDbType.NChar, 5, "CustomerID");
customersUpdateCommand.Parameters.Add("@OldCompanyName",
customersUpdateCommand.Parameters["@OldCustomerID"].SourceVersion =
customersUpdateCommand.Parameters["@OldCompanyName"].SourceVersion =

// create a SqlCommand object to hold the DELETE
SqlCommand customersDeleteCommand = mySqlConnection.CreateCommand();
customersDeleteCommand.CommandText =
"AND CompanyName = @OldCompanyName";
customersDeleteCommand.Parameters.Add("@OldCustomerID",
customersDeleteCommand.Parameters.Add("@OldCompanyName",
customersDeleteCommand.Parameters["@OldCustomerID"].SourceVersion =
customersDeleteCommand.Parameters["@OldCompanyName"].SourceVersion =

// set the customersDA properties
// to the SqlCommand objects previously created
customersDA.SelectCommand = customersSelectCommand;
customersDA.InsertCommand = customersInsertCommand;
customersDA.UpdateCommand = customersUpdateCommand;
customersDA.DeleteCommand = customersDeleteCommand;

Ch rng pht biu UPDATE ch sa i gi tr ct CompanyName; n khng sa i gi tr ct kha chnh
CustomerID. Bn s hc v nhng vn lin quan vi vic cp nht mt gi tr ct kha chnh sau trong mc
" Nhng vn lin quan khi cp nht kha chnh ca mt hng cha ."
Chng trnh ModifyingRelatedData.cs cha mt phng thc c tn SetupCustomersDA() thc hin m
trc y.

THIT LP DataAdapter ordersDA:

M sau y to ra v thit lp mt i tng DataAdapter c tn ordersDA cha nhng pht biu cn thit
SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, v DELETE truy nhp bng Orders; ch ordersInsertCommand cha c hai
gm mt pht biu INSERT v mt pht biu SELECT truy xut ct OrderID mi, ct ny l mt ct kha
chnh c mt gi tr c t ng sinh ra bi c s d liu

SqlDataAdapter ordersDA = new SqlDataAdapter();

// create a SqlCommand object to hold the SELECT
SqlCommand ordersSelectCommand = mySqlConnection.CreateCommand();
ordersSelectCommand.CommandText =
"SELECT OrderID, CustomerID, ShipCountry " +
"FROM Orders";

// create a SqlCommand object to hold the INSERT
SqlCommand ordersInsertCommand = mySqlConnection.CreateCommand();
ordersInsertCommand.CommandText =
"INSERT INTO Orders (" +
" CustomerID, ShipCountry " +
") VALUES (" +
" @CustomerID, @ShipCountry" +
");" +
"SELECT @OrderID = SCOPE_IDENTITY();";
ordersInsertCommand.Parameters.Add("@CustomerID", SqlDbType.NChar,
5, "CustomerID");
ordersInsertCommand.Parameters.Add("@ShipCountry", SqlDbType.NVarChar,
15, "ShipCountry");
ordersInsertCommand.Parameters.Add("@OrderID", SqlDbType.Int,
0, "OrderID");
ordersInsertCommand.Parameters["@OrderID"].Direction =

// create a SqlCommand object to hold the UPDATE
SqlCommand ordersUpdateCommand = mySqlConnection.CreateCommand();
ordersUpdateCommand.CommandText =
"UPDATE Orders " +
"SET " +
" ShipCountry = @NewShipCountry " +
"WHERE OrderID = @OldOrderID " +
"AND CustomerID = @OldCustomerID " +
"AND ShipCountry = @OldShipCountry";
ordersUpdateCommand.Parameters.Add("@NewShipCountry",
SqlDbType.NVarChar, 15, "ShipCountry");
ordersUpdateCommand.Parameters.Add("@OldOrderID",
SqlDbType.Int, 0, "OrderID");
ordersUpdateCommand.Parameters.Add("@OldCustomerID",
ordersUpdateCommand.Parameters.Add("@OldShipCountry",
ordersUpdateCommand.Parameters["@OldOrderID"].SourceVersion =
ordersUpdateCommand.Parameters["@OldCustomerID"].SourceVersion =
ordersUpdateCommand.Parameters["@OldShipCountry"].SourceVersion =

// create a SqlCommand object to hold the DELETE
SqlCommand ordersDeleteCommand = mySqlConnection.CreateCommand();
ordersDeleteCommand.CommandText =
"DELETE FROM Orders " +
"AND CustomerID = @OldCustomerID " +
"AND ShipCountry = @OldShipCountry";
ordersDeleteCommand.Parameters.Add("@OldOrderID", SqlDbType.Int,
0, "OrderID");
ordersDeleteCommand.Parameters.Add("@OldCustomerID",
ordersDeleteCommand.Parameters.Add("@OldShipCountry",
ordersDeleteCommand.Parameters["@OldOrderID"].SourceVersion =
ordersDeleteCommand.Parameters["@OldCustomerID"].SourceVersion =
ordersDeleteCommand.Parameters["@OldShipCountry"].SourceVersion =

// set the ordersDA properties
// to the SqlCommand objects previously created
ordersDA.SelectCommand = ordersSelectCommand;
ordersDA.InsertCommand = ordersInsertCommand;
ordersDA.UpdateCommand = ordersUpdateCommand;
ordersDA.DeleteCommand = ordersDeleteCommand;

Chng trnh ModifyingRelatedData.cs cha mt phng thc c tn SetupOrdersDA() thc hin m trc y.

TO V C TR MT Dataset:
Tip theo, v d sau to ra v c tr mt Dataset t tn myDataSet vi nhng hng t nhng bng Customers
v Orders s dng customersDA V ordersDA:

customersDA.Fill(myDataSet, "Customers");
ordersDA.Fill(myDataSet, "Orders");

Ch nhng i tng DataTable c tn l customersDT v ordersDT .

Nhng v d sau y gn nhng thuc tnh PrimaryKey ca customersDT V ordersDT:

customersDT.PrimaryKey =
new DataColumn[]
{
customersDT.Columns["CustomerID"]
};

ordersDT.PrimaryKey =
new DataColumn[]
{
ordersDT.Columns["OrderID"]
};

V d sau y thit lp DataColumn OrderID ca ordersDT nh mt kha chnh:

ordersDT.Columns["OrderID"].AllowDBNull = false;
ordersDT.Columns["OrderID"].AutoIncrement = true;
ordersDT.Columns["OrderID"].AutoIncrementSeed = -1;
ordersDT.Columns["OrderID"].AutoIncrementStep = -1;
ordersDT.Columns["OrderID"].ReadOnly = true;
ordersDT.Columns["OrderID"].Unique = true;

V d cui cng thm mt DataRelation vo myDataSet n ch r mt mi quan h gia customersDT v
ordersDT s dng CustomerID DataColumn:

new DataRelation(
"CustomersOrders",
);
);

Chng trnh ModifyingRelatedData.cs thc hin m trc y trong phng thc Main().

THM NHNG I TNG DataRow VO customersDT V ordersDT:
V d sau y thm mt DataRow c tn customerDR vo customersDT; ch CustomerID c gn gi tr
J6COM:

DataRow customerDR = customersDT.NewRow();
customerDR["CustomerID"] = "J6COM";
customerDR["CompanyName"] = "J6 Company";
customersDT.Rows.Add(customerDR);

V d k tip thm mt DataRow c tn orderDR vo ordersDT; ch CustomerID cng c gn gi tr l
J6COM, cho bit y l DataRow con thuc DataRow trc y trong customersDT:

DataRow orderDR = ordersDT.NewRow();
orderDR["CustomerID"] = "J6COM";
orderDR["ShipCountry"] = "England";
ordersDT.Rows.Add(orderDR);

Bi v DataColumn OrderID ca ordersDT c thit lp nh mt kha chnh, n s t ng c gn gi tr
ban u l -1. Khi DataRow ny c y ti c s d liu, pht biu SELECT trong ordersDA s gn OrderID
ti gi tr duy nht c pht sinh bi c s d liu cho hng mi trong bng Orders. Bn s thy cch y
nhng s thay i ti c s d liu khng lu na trong mc "y nhng s thay i customersDT v
ordersDT ti C s d liu."

CP NHT NHNG I TNG DataRow T customersDT V ordersDT:

V d sau y cp nht CompanyName customerDR ti Widgets Inc.:

customerDR["CompanyName"] = "Widgets Inc.";

V d k tip cp nht ShipCountry orderDR ti USA

orderDR["ShipCountry"] = "USA";


XA NHNG I TNG DataRow T customersDT V ordersDT:

V d sau y xa DataRow customerDR t customersDT DataTable:

customerDR.Delete();

Trc trong mc "Kho st nhng s rng buc c to ra bi DataRelation," bn thy mt
ForeignKeyConstraint c thm vo DataTable con theo mc nh khi mt i tng DataRelation c thm
vo mt Dataset. Bn cng nhn thy thuc tnh DeleteRule ca i tng ForeignKeyConstraint c gn l
Cascade theo mc nh. iu ny c ngha l khi DataRow trong DataTable cha b xa, do nhng i tng
DataRow tng ng trong DataTable con cng b xa. Bi vy, trong v d trc y, khi customerDR b xa
t customersDT, cng tng t nh orderDR trong ordersDT.

Y NHNG THAY I TRONG customersDT V ordresDT TI C S D LIU:

Trong mc ny, bn s hc cch y nhng thay i lm trc trong nhng i tng DataTable :
customersDT v ordersDT ti c s d liu. Khi y nhng s thay i ti c s d liu bn phi p dng
chng trong mt trt t tha mn nhng s rng buc kha ngoi trong nhng bng lin quan.

Chng hn, mt hng trong bng Customers vi mt CustomerID l J6COM phi tn ti trc khi mt hng vi
CustomerID c th c thm vo bng Orders. Tng t, bn khng th xa hng c mt CustomerID l
J6COM trong khi c nhng hng vi CustomerID ny trong bng Orders. Cui cng, tt nhin, bn ch c th
cp nht nhng hng tn ti trong mt bng.

i theo nhng bc ny khi y nhng s thay i t customersDT v ordersDT n c s d liu:
1. y nhng i tng DataRow c thm vo customersDT ti bng Customers.
2. y nhng i tng DataRow c thm vo ordersDT ti bng Orders.
3. y nhng i tng DataRow c cp nht customersDT ti bng Customers.
4. y nhng i tng DataRow c cp nht ordersDT ti bng Orders.
5. Xa nhng i tng DataRow c loi b t ordersDT t bng Orders.
6. Xa nhng i tng DataRow c loi b t customersDT t bng Customers.

ly nhng i tng DataRow c thm, c cp nht, hay b xa, bn s dng phng thc
Select() ca mt DataTable. Phng thc Select() c ni qua trong chng trc y, v mt trong s nhng
phin bn qu ti ca phng thc ny:

DataRow[] Select(string filterExpression, string sortExpression,
DataViewRowState myDataViewRowState)

Vi:
. filterExpression : ch nh nhng hng chn.
. sortExpression : ch nh nhng hng c la chn s c sp xp nh th no.
. myDataViewRowState : ch r trng thi ca nhng hng chn. Bn c th thy nhng thnh vin
ca lp lit k DataViewRowState trong.Bng 11.8 trong chng trc y.

ly nhng i tng DataRow c thm vo DataTable customersDT , Bn c th s dng m sau y
gi phng thc Select() :

DataRow[] newCustomersDRArray =
customersDT.Select("", "", DataViewRowState.Added);

Ch s s dng hng s Added t lit k DataViewRowState.iu ny cho bit ch nhng i tng
DataRow mi b sung customersDT s c tr li v lu tr trong newCustomersDRArray.
V ri bn c th y nhng i tng DataRow trong newCustomersDRArray ti bng Customers trong c s
d liu s dng lnh gi sau y ti phng thc Update() ca DataAdapter customersDA:

int numOfRows = customersDA.Update(newCustomersDRArray);

Gi tr Int : numOfRows l s lng hng c thm vo bng Customers.
M sau y s dng su bc c trnh by trc y tt c nhng s thay i ti c s d liu; ch
nhng hng s khc nhau c dng t b m DataViewRowState ly nhng i tng DataRow c yu
cu .


// push the new rows in customersDT to the database
Console.WriteLine("Pushing new rows in customersDT to database");
DataRow[] newCustomersDRArray =
customersDT.Select("", "", DataViewRowState.Added);
int numOfRows = customersDA.Update(newCustomersDRArray);

// push the new rows in ordersDT to the database
Console.WriteLine("Pushing new rows in ordersDT to database");
DataRow[] newOrdersDRArray =
ordersDT.Select("", "", DataViewRowState.Added);
numOfRows = ordersDA.Update(newOrdersDRArray);
Console.WriteLine("numOfRows = "+ numOfRows);

// push the modified rows in customersDT to the database
Console.WriteLine("Pushing modified rows in customersDT to database");
DataRow[] modifiedCustomersDRArray =
customersDT.Select("", "", DataViewRowState.ModifiedCurrent);
numOfRows = customersDA.Update(modifiedCustomersDRArray);

// push the modified rows in ordersDT to the database
Console.WriteLine("Pushing modified rows in ordersDT to database");
DataRow[] modifiedOrdersDRArray =
ordersDT.Select("", "", DataViewRowState.ModifiedCurrent);
numOfRows = ordersDA.Update(modifiedOrdersDRArray);
// push the deletes in ordersDT to the database
Console.WriteLine("Pushing deletes in ordersDT to database");
DataRow[] deletedOrdersDRArray =
ordersDT.Select("", "", DataViewRowState.Deleted);
numOfRows = ordersDA.Update(deletedOrdersDRArray);

// push the deletes in customersDT to the database
Console.WriteLine("Pushing deletes in customersDT to database");
DataRow[] deletedCustomersDRArray =
customersDT.Select("", "", DataViewRowState.Deleted);
numOfRows = customersDA.Update(deletedCustomersDRArray);


Chng trnh ModifyingRelatedData.cs cha mt phng php c tn PushChangesToDatabase() s dng m
trc y.
Mt iu bn cn ch v ModifyingRelatedData.cs l n gi PushChangesToDatabase() ngay lp tc sau khi
thc hin theo nhng bc sau trong phng thc Main().
1. Thm nhng i tng DataRow vo customersDT v ordersDT.
2. Cp nht nhng i tng DataRow mi.
3. Xa nhng i tng DataRow mi.

PushChangesToDatabase() ngay lp tc c gi sau mi buc ny do bn c th nhn thy hot ng c s
d liu khi chng trnh tin trin. Ti c th n gin gi PushChangesToDatabase() mt ln ti thi im kt
thc ca ba bc ny _nhng ri bn khng thy c bt k s thay i no ti c s d liu, v nhng hng
mi c xa trong bc th 3 trc PushChangesToDatabase() c gi .

Mo nh: Trong nhng chng trnh ca mnh, bn thch vic thm, cp nht, v xa nhiu hng khc
nhau trong nhng i tng DataTable ca bn, v v th y nhng s thay i mt ln thi
im cui s hiu qu hn.

NHNG VN LIN QUAN KHI CP NHT KHA CHNH CA MT HNG CHA:

Trong mc ny, bn s hc v nhng vn lin quan khi th cp nht kha chnh trong mt DataTable cha ,
v sau y s cp nht ti bng c s d liu nm bn di. Nhng vn xut hin khi bng c s d liu
con cha nhng hng c kha chnh bn mun thay i trong bng cha .
Nhng v d trong mc ny s s dng nhng bng Customers v Orders, m c lin quan thng qua kha
ngai trn ct CustomerID ca bng Orders ti ct CustomerID ca bng Customers.
Nh bn s hc, tt hn nhiu bn ri b, khng cho php nhng s thay i ti ct kha chnh ca mt bng.
Nu bn cho php thay i ti ct kha chnh, th nh bn s thy khng lu sau y, bn c th gp nhng vn
khi y nhng thay i ti c s d liu. Thay vo , bn cn phi gn thuc tnh ReadOnly l true cho
DataColumn kha chnh trong DataTable cha ca bn, v cng t ReadOnly l true cho DataColumn kha
ngoi trong DataTable con ca bn. iu ngn nga nhng s thay i ti nhng gi tr trong nhng i
tng DataColumn ny.
Nu bn tht s cn thay i nhng gi tr kha chnh v kha ngoi, bn cn phi xa v sau ti to nhng
hng trong c s d liu vi nhng gi tr kha chnh v kha ngoi mi .
Bn c th iu khin cch cp nht v xa c thc hin nh th no s dng nhng thuc tnh ca kha
ngoi trong c s d liu SQL Server v c nhng thuc tnh UpdateRule v DeleteRule ca mt i tng
ForeignKeyConstraint na . Bn s khm ph c hai tit mc ny trong nhng mc sau y.

S L CP NHT V XA S DNG SQL SERVER:

Bn c th iu khin cch cp nht v xa c thc hin nh th no s dng SQL Server bng cch thit t
nhng thuc tnh ca kha ngai . Bn thit t nhng thuc tnh ny s dng tab Relationships ca hp thoi
"nhng thuc tnh ca bng c s d liu". Bn m hp thoi ny trong Enterprise Manager cho bng Orders
bi thc hin nhng bc sau y:

1. Click phi bng Orders tm thy trong nhng nt bng ca Enterprise Manager.
2. La chn bng Design t danh sch s ra.
3. Click nt Manage Relationships trong thanh cng c ca hp thoi Design Table.
4. Chn kha ngoi bn mun kho st trong danh sch th xung Select relationship .

Hnh 12.1 hin th tab Relationships cho kha ngai c tn FK_Orders_Customers n cha nhng chi tit ca
kha ngoi gia nhng bng Orders v Customers. Nh bn c th thy, hai bng ny c lin quan thng qua
mt kha ngoi trn ct CustomerID.

Hp check box "Cascade Update Related Fields" cho bit liu c phi mt thay i ti mt gi tr trong ct
kha chnh ca bng kha chnh (bng cha) cng c thc hin ti ct kha ngoi ca nhng hng tng ng
ca bng kha ngoi (bng con). Chng hn, gi thit hp ny c chn v bn thay i CustomerID trong
hng ca bng Customers t ALFKI n ANATR; iu ny cng gy cho ct CustomerID thay i t ALFKI
n ANATR trong nhng hng ca bng Orders.
Tng t, hp kim "Cascade Delete Related Records " ch nh liu vic xa mt hng trong bng kha chnh
cng xa bt k hng lin quan no t bng kha ngoi . Chng hn, gi thit hp kim ny c chn v bn
xa hng c CustomerID l ANTON t bng Customers; iu ny gy ra nhng hng vi CustomerID l
ANTON cng b xa t bng Orders.
Ghi ch:
in hnh, bn cn phi c hai hp kim trong trng thi khng chn mc nh ca chng. Nu
bn chn chng, c s d liu s lm thay i ti nhng hng trong bng con pha sau ng cnh v
nh bn s thy khng lu sau y, bn s gp nhng vn khi y nhng s thay i t dataset ca
cc bn n c s d liu.

Kim sot cp nht v xa s dng nhng thuc tnh UpdateRule v DeleteRule
ca mt i tng ForeignKeyConstraint

Bn c th cng kim sot nhng s cp nht v xa s dng nhng thuc tnh UpdateRule v DeleteRule ca
mt i tng ForeignKeyConstraint. Nhng thuc tnh ny thuc kiu lit k System.Data.Rule ; nhng thnh
vin ca kiu ny c trnh by trong Bng 12.4.

Bng 12.4: nhng thnh vin lit k- Rule (quy tc)
Hng s M t
Cascade
Ch nh vic xa hay cp nht ti nhng i tng DataRow trong DataTable cha cng c
Hng s M t
thc hin trong DataTable con. y l mc nh.
None
cho bit khng c hot ng no xy ra.
SetDefault
cho bit nhng gi tr DataColumn trong DataTable cha s c thit lp ti gi tr trong thuc
tnh DefaultValue ca DataColumn.
SetNull
cho bit nhng gi tr DataColumn trong DataTable con s c gn ti DBNull (gi tr null)

Theo mc nh, UpdateRule c gn l cascade; bi vy, khi bn thay i DataColumn trong DataTable cha
trong ForeignKeyConstraint c to ra, th s thay i ging nh vy cng c thc hin trong bt k i
tng DataRow tng ng no trong DataTable con. Bn cn phi gn UpdateRule ti None trong chng
trnh ca bn; ngoi ra, nh bn s hc trong mc k tip, bn s gp nhng vn khi y nhng thay i t
Dataset ca bn n c s d liu.
Theo mc nh, DeleteRule c gn l Cascade ; do , khi bn xa mt DataRow trong DataTable cha, th
bt k i tng DataRow tng ng no trong DataTable con u cng b xa. iu ny hu ch, min l bn
nh y nhng s xa ti bng con trc khi bn y nhng s xa ti bng cha.

Cp nht kha chnh ca mt Bng cha v y s thay i ti C s d liu

Trong mc ny bn s hc nhng g s xy ra nu bn th cp nht kha chnh trong mt bng cha khi c
nhng hng tng ng trong bng con. Gi thit nh sau:
C mt hng trong bng Customers vi mt CustomerID l J6COM. Mt bn sao ca hng ny c
ct gi trong mt DataTable c tn customersDT.
C mt hng trong bng Orders cng c mt CustomerID l J6COM. Mt bn sao ca hng ny c
ct gi trong mt DataTable c tn ordersDT.
i tng DataTable - CustomersDT v ordersDT lin h ln nhau s dng DataRelation sau y :
new DataRelation(
"CustomersOrders",
);
);

By gi, hai s thit t cho hp kim "Cascade Update Related Fields" (ng b cp nht nhng trng quan
h) cho FK_Orders_Customers l:
B chn , c ngha l nhng s thay i i vi gi tr kha chnh CustomerID trong bng Customers
khng c buc kt ti bng Orders. y l mc nh.
Chn hp kim, c ngha l nhng s thay i i vi gi tr kha chnh CustomerID trong bng
Customers c buc kt ti bng Orders.
Ngoi ra, nhng s thit t v quyn hn cho thuc tnh UpdateRule ca i tng ForeignKeyConstraint
c thm vo khi DataRelation trc c to ra
Cascade , c ngha l nhng s thay i i vi DataColumn CustomerID ca customersDT c
buc kt ti ordersDT. y l mc nh.
None, ngha l nhng s thay i ti DataColumn CustomerID ca customersDT khng c buc
kt ti ordersDT.
Hy kho st ba trng hp quan trng nht l: thay i vic chn kim ca hp kim "Cascade Update
Related Fields" v vic thit t thuc tnh UpdateRule n Cascade v sau l None.
Ghi ch:
Bn c th s dng chng trnh ModifyingRelatedData2.cs nh c s th ba trng hp m t
trong mc ny.
TRNG HP TH NHT:

Gi thit nh sau:
Hp kim "Cascade Update Related Fields"c chn kim.
UpdateRule c gn ti Cascade .
Nu bn thay i gi tr DataColumn CustomerID t J6COM thnh J7COM v y s thay i ti c s d liu,
v s thay i c thc hin cch thnh cng trong nhng i tng DataTable customersDT v ordersDT v
cng trong nhng bng Customers v Orders.
N lm vic tt min l bn ch s dng ct OrderID trong mnh WHERE ca i tng Command trong
thuc tnh UpdateCommand ca DataAdapter ca bn. Chng hn:
"UPDATE Orders " +
"SET " +
" CustomerID = @NewCustomerID " +
"WHERE OrderID = @OldOrderID";

Cp nht ny s dng s tng tranh " ngi sau cng thng " v ch ct kha chnh OrderID c s dng
trong mnh WHERE ( ct CustomerID c c b ra khi mnh WHERE ). Nh c cp trong
chng trc y, s tng tranh "ngi sau cng hng " rt t bi v mt ngi s dng c th ghi ln mt
s thay i c thc hin bi ngi s dng khc.
Nu thay vo bn cng bao gm gi tr ct CustomerID c trong mnh WHERE ca s Cp nht, nh
trnh by trong v d sau y,
"UPDATE Orders " +
"SET " +
"AND CustomerID = @OldCustomerID";

V ri s y thay i ti c s d liu s tht bi v hng nguyn thy trong bng Orders khng c tm thy
do CustomerID c thay i t J6COM thnh J7COM trong bng Orders mt cch t ng bi c s d
liu do hp kim "Cascade Update Related Fields " c chn kim cho kha ngoi trong bng Orders, nhng
trong ordersDT gi tr CustomerID c gn l J6COM. Bi vy, S thm ca OrderID = @OldOrderID trong
mnh WHERE cn tr hng c tm thy. lnh UPDATE gy ra mt DBConcurrencyException c nm
ra.

TRNG HP TH HAI:

Gi thit nh sau:
Hp kim "Cascade Update Related Fields" khng c chn.
UpdateRule c gn ti Cascade.
Thuc tnh CommandText ca i tng Command trong thuc tnh UpdateCommand ca
DataAdapter c thit t nh sau:

"UPDATE Orders " +
"SET " +
"WHERE OrderID = @OldOrderID";
Nu bn thay i CustomerID t J6COM ti J7COM trong customersDT v y s thay i ti c s d liu,
v s cp nht s nm mt SqlException. y l v bng con Orders hin ang cha mt hng vi CustomerID
l J6COM, v bi v kha ngai bn khng th thay i CustomerID trong bng cha Customers. M d bn th
thay i CustomerID trong ordersDT trc v c gng y s thay i ti c s d liu, bn s gp ngoi l
ging nh vy.

TRNG HP TH BA:

Gi thit nh sau:
Cascade Update Related Fields khng c kim chn.
UpdateRule c gn ti None.
CommandText ca i tng Command trong UpdateCommand ca DataAdapter cng ging nh trong
trng hp th hai.
Nhng m sau y gn UpdateRule ca ChildKeyConstraint n None :

myDataSet.Relations["CustomersOrders"].ChildKeyConstraint.UpdateRule =
Rule.None;

Nu bn th thay i CustomerID t J6COM ti J7COM trong customersDT, th bn s gy ra mt
InvalidConstraintException. y l v DataTable con ordersDT hin thi cha mt DataRow vi CustomerID
l J6COM, v v kha ngoi bn khng th thay i CustomerID trong DataTable cha customersDT . Mc d
bn th thay i CustomerID trong ordersDT trc, bn s gp ngoi l ging nh vy .

Kt lun:
S cng bc ca nhng s rng buc trong ba v d trc y l ng, v chng cho thy mt s nhc u khi
thay i nhng gi tr ct kha chnh c th em n. trng hp u tin l mt trng hp duy nht hat
ng, v mc d bn phi s dng n s tng tranh " ngi sau cng thng " trong pht biu UPDATE,
m in hnh bn cn phi trnh.

Bn s lm g nu nh bn mun thay i gi tr ct kha chnh v p dng s thay i ging nh vy ti
nhng hng con ? Cch d dng nht l n gin xa nhng hng trong bng con trc, thay i gi tr kha
chnh trong bng cha , v ti to nhng hng trong bng con vi gi tr kha chnh mi.

MNG LI XML:

Nh c cp trong Chng 10, " S dng nhng i tng Dataset lu tr d liu, " mt Dataset cha
hai phng thc gi ra ni dung ca nhng i tng DataRow nh XML:
. GetXml() tr v mt dng trnh by XML ca d liu ct gi trong Dataset nh mt chui.
. WriteXml() vit d liu t i tng Dataset ra thnh mt file di dng XML.
Mt DataRelation cha ng mt thuc tnh c tn Nested, t n c` th ly hay gn mt gi tr bool cho bit
liu c phi nhng i tng DataRelation c kt vo. iu ny hu ch khi nh ngha nhng mi quan h
c th bc trong XML.

c bit, khi bn gn Nested l true, nhng hng con s c kt vo bn trong nhng hng cha trong bt k
file XML no m bn gi ra - s dng nhng phng thc GetXml() v WriteXml() . Tng t, bn c th c
nhng hng c kt vo khi gi phng thc ReadXml() ca mt Dataset c mt file XML.

Thuc tnh Nested ca mt i tng DataRelation c gn ti true nh trong v d sau y:

myDataSet.Relations["CustomersOrders"].Nested = true;

iu ny c trnh by trong Danh sch 12.1. Ch chng trnh ny vit ra hai file XML c tn
nonNestedXmlFile.xml v nestedXmlFile.xml. nonNestedXmlFile.xml cha nhng hng khng c lng vo
theo mc nh, v nestedXmlFile.xml cha nhng hng c lng vo sau khi thuc tnh Nested ca i tng
DataRelation c gn ti true .

Danh sch 12.1: NESTEDXML.CS
/*
NestedXml.cs illustrates how setting the Nested property
of a DataRelation to true causes the the child rows to be nested within the
parent rows in the output XML
*/

using System;
using System.Data;

class NestedXml
{
{
new SqlConnection(
);

"FROM Customers " +
"SELECT OrderID, CustomerID, ShipCountry " +
"FROM Orders " +
"WHERE CustomerID IN (" +
" SELECT TOP 2 CustomerID " +
" FROM Customers " +
" ORDER BY CustomerID " +
")";
DataTable customersDT = myDataSet.Tables["Table"];
DataTable ordersDT = myDataSet.Tables["Table1"];

// create a DataRelation object named customersOrdersDataRel
new DataRelation(
"CustomersOrders",
);
);

// write the XML out to a file
Console.WriteLine("Writing XML out to file nonNestedXmlFile.xml");
myDataSet.WriteXml("nonNestedXmlFile.xml");

// set the DataRelation object's Nested property to true
// (causes child rows to be nested in the parent rows of the
// XML output)
myDataSet.Relations["CustomersOrders"].Nested = true;

// write the XML out again (this time the child rows are nested
// within the parent rows)
Console.WriteLine("Writing XML out to file nestedXmlFile.xml");
myDataSet.WriteXml("nestedXmlFile.xml");
}
}

Danh sch 12.2 hin th file nonNestedXmlFile.xml c xut ra bi chng trnh. Ch nhng hng cha t
bng Customers c lit k u tin, theo sau l nhng hng con t bng Orders. Nhng hng con khng c
lng bn trong nhng hng cha .

Danh sch 12.2: NONNESTEDXMLFILE.XML
<NewDataSet>
<Table>
</Table>
<Table>
</Table>
<Table1>
<OrderID>10308</OrderID>
<ShipCountry>Mexico</ShipCountry>
</Table1>
<Table1>
</Table1>
<Table1>
<ShipCountry>Germany</ShipCountry>
</Table1>
<Table1>
</Table1>
<Table1>
</Table1>
<Table1>
</Table1>
<Table1>
</Table1>
<Table1>
</Table1>
<Table1>
</Table1>
<Table1>
</Table1>
</NewDataSet>

Danh sch 12.3 hin th file nestedXmlFile.xml c xut ra bi chng trnh. Ch lc ny nhng hng con
t bng Orders c lng bn trong nhng hng cha t bng Customers.

Danh sch 12.3: NESTEDXMLFILEL.CS
<NewDataSet>
<Table>
<Table1>
</Table1>
<Table1>
</Table1>
<Table1>
</Table1>
<Table1>
</Table1>
<Table1>
</Table1>
<Table1>
</Table1>
</Table>
<Table>
<Table1>
</Table1>
<Table1>
</Table1>
<Table1>
</Table1>
<Table1>
</Table1>
</Table>
</NewDataSet>

NH NGHA MT MI QUAN H S DNG Visual Studio .NET
Trong mc ny, bn s thy cch to ra mt ng dng Windows trong Visual Studio .NET (VS .NET) vi mt
Dataset cha hai i tng DataTable nh th no . Nhng i tng DataTable ny s tham chiu nhng bng
Customers v Orders trong c s d liu . Bn s hc cch nh ngha mt mi quan h gia nhng hai i
tng DataTable trong m hnh XML nh th no.

TO MT TRNH NG DNG WINDOWS:

Thc hin nhng bc sau y to ng dng Windows:
1. M VS .NET v chn File New Project v to ra mt ng dng Windows mi . Nhp tn ca
d n l DataRelation, nh trnh by trong Hnh 12.2.

2. Kch nt Ok tip tc.
3. M Server Explorer v kt ni ti c s d liu Northwind - s dng kt ni bn dng trong
nhng chng trc y. Bn c th m Server Explorer bi chn View Server Explorer. M
rng nhng nt bng trong cy th mc v chn c hai bng Customers v Orders bng cch nhn
Ctrl + kch nt tri chn cc bng, nh trnh by trong Hnh 12.3.

4. Ko nhng bng Customers v Orders ti form ca bn. VS .NET s t ng to ra ba i tng
trong khay bn di form ca bn. Nhng i tng ny c tn sqlConnection1 (dng truy cp
c s d liu Northwind) sqlDataAdapter1 (dng x l truy cp ti bng Cudtomers), v
sqlDataAdapter2 (dng x l s truy cp ti bng Orders). Nhng i tng ny c trnh
by trong Hnh 12.4.

5. Tip theo, bn cn mt i tng Dataset cha nhng i tng DataTable lu tr nhng
hng t nhng bng Customres v Orders. to ra mt i tng Dataset, kch vo khong
trng trn form ca bn v sau kch vo lin kt Generate Dataset y ca ca s Properties
thuc form trnh by trong hnh Hnh 12.4 trc.

iu ny lm hin th hp thoi "Generate Dataset" , nh trong Hnh 12.5. nguyn tt c nhng s thit t
trong hi thoi ny trong trng thi mc nh ca chng.

Ch mt Dataset mi s c to ra, v nhng bng Customers v Orders c s dng trong Dataset mi.
Dataset mi s cng c thm vo b thit k, nh c ch nh bi hp kim trong hp thoi. Kch nt Ok
tip tc.
Mt Dataset mi c tn dataSet11 s c thm vo khay bn di form ca bn.

Thm mt quan h vo m hnh XML ca Dataset

Thc hin nhng bc sau y thm mt quan h vo m hnh XML ca Dataset ca bn:
1. Chn Dataset mi ca bn trong khay v kch lin kt "View Schema" trong ca s nhng thuc
tnh. vic ny hin th ca s "Schema Editor" (b bin tp m hnh), nh trong Hnh 12.6.

Ko mt relation t tab "XML Schema" trong Toolbox n thc th bng Orders. Vic ny m hp thoi "Edit
Relation " (Son tho quan h) , nh trong Hnh 12.7.

Nh bn c th thy t Hnh 12.7, bn c th gn quan h cng vi nhng chi tit khc cho nhng bng cha v
con , kha chnh v kha ngoi .

3. nguyn nhng s thit t trong hp thoi Edit Relation trong trng thi mc nh ca chng
v kch nt Ok tip tc.

Vic ny thm quan h mi vo nhng thc th Customers v Oerders trong m hnh XML. Bn c th kch
vo biu tng "kim cng" gia nhng thc th Customers v Ordres xem nhng thuc tnh ca quan h,
nh trnh by trong Hnh 12.8.

Ghi ch Bn c th thm mt quan h vo mt Dataset nh kiu mnh trong cng cch vi mc c m t
trong phn ny.

Tm lc
Trong chng ny, bn i su vo nhng chi tit ca nhng i tng UniqueConstraint v
ForeignKeyConstraint. Bn cng hc cch nh ngha mt mi quan h gia nhng i tng DataTable s
dng mt i tng DataRelation nh th no, i tng quan h ny theo mc nh t ng to ra mt nhng
i tng UniqueConstraint v ForeignKeyConstraint cho Bn. i tng UniqueConstraint c thm vo
DataTable cha ca bn v ForeignKeyConstraint c thm vo DataTable con ca bn.
Bn cng thy cch nh hng nhng hng trong nhng i tng DataTable lin quan nh th no,
thc hin nhng s thay i trong nhng i tng DataTable lin quan , v cui cng y nhng s thay i
ti c s d liu.
Trong chng k tip, bn s hc cch s dng nhng i tng DataView nh th no .

CHNG 13: S DNG NHNG I TNG DataView:
Tng quan
Trong chng 11, "S dng nhng i tng Dataset sa i D liu, " Bn thy bn c th lc v phn
loi nhng i tng DataRow mt DataTable s dng phng thc Select() . Trong chng ny, bn s hc
s dng nhng i tng DataView cng lc v phn loi nhng hng. Li th ca mt DataView l bn c
th kt buc n ti mt thnh phn trc quan nh mt iu khin DataGrid, v bn s cng s thy cch lm
iu trong chng ny.
Mt DataView lu tr nhng bn sao ca nhng hng trong mt DataTable nh nhng i tng
DataRowView. Nhng i tng DataRowView cung cp s truy cp ti nhng i tng DataRow nm bn
di trong mt DataTable. Bi vy, khi bn kho st v sa i ni dung ca mt DataRowView, Bn tht s
ang lm vic vi DataRow nm bn di. hy nh iu ny khi c chng ny.
Ch im trong chng ny:
. Lp DataView
. To ra v s dng mt i tng DataView
. S dng gii thut phn loi mc nh
. Thc hin s lc nng cao
. Lp DataRowView
. Tm nhng i tng DataRowView trong mt DataView
. Thm, iu chnh, v loi b nhng i tng DataRowView t mt DataView
. To nhng i tng DataView con
. Lp DataViewManager
. To ra v s dng mt i tng DataViewManager
. Vic to mt DataView s dng Visual Studio .NET

LP DATAVIEW:
Bn s dng mt i tng ca lp DataView xem ch nhng hng c bit trong mt i tng DataTable
s dng mt b lc. Bn cng c th phn loi nhng hng c xem bi mt DataView. Bn c th thm, sa
i, v loi b nhng hng t mt DataView, v nhng s thay i s cng c ng dng vo DataTable
nm bn di m DataView c c; bn s hc nhiu hn v iu ny sau trong mc "Thm, iu chnh, v
loi b nhng i tng DataRowView t mt DataView." Bng 13.1 cho thy mt s nhng thuc tnh
DataView, v bng 13.2 cho thy mt s nhng phng thc DataView.
Bng 13.1: nhng thuc tnh DataView
AllowDelete bool
Ly hay gn mt gi tr bool cho bit liu c phi s xa ca nhng
i tng DataRowView t DataView ca bn c cho php. Mc
nh l true.
AllowEdit bool
Ly hay gn mt gi tr bool cho bit liu c phi s sa i ca nhng
i tng DataRowView trong DataView ca bn c cho php. Mc
nh l true.
AllowNew bool
Ly hay gn mt gi tr bool cho bit liu c phi vic thm nhng i
tng DataRowView mi vo DataView ca bn c cho php. Mc
nh l true.
ApplyDefaultSort bool
Ly hay gn mt gi tr bool cho bit liu c phi s dng gii thut
phn loi mc nh phn loi nhng hng trong DataView ca bn.
Khi gn l true, phn loi mc nh c s dng v c gn ti "th
t tng dn" ca thuc tnh PrimaryKey ca DataTable nm bn di
(nu PrimaryKey c thit t). Mc nh l false.
Count int
Ly s lng hng hin th i vi DataView ca bn.
DataViewManager DataViewManager
Ly DataViewManager c lin h vi DataView ca bn. Bn s hc
v nhng i tng DataViewManager sau trong mc "To v s dng
mt i tng DataViewManager."
RowFilter string
Ly hay gn biu thc c dng lc nhng hng trong DataView
ca bn.
RowStateFilter DataViewRowState
Ly hay gn biu thc c dng lc nhng hng da vo nhng
hng s t lit k DataViewRowState. Nhng gi tr c trnh by
trong Bng 13.3.
Sort string
Ly hay gn mt biu thc cho bit nhng ct cn phn loi bi mt
trt t sp xp v ty chn cho nhng hng trong DataView ca bn.
Biu thc chui ny cha tn ct theo sau l ASC (sp xp tng) hay
DESC (sp xp gim). Mt ct c sp xp tng dn theo mc nh.
Bn phn chia nhiu ct bng nhng du phy trong chui. V d:
CustomerID ASC, CompanyName DESC.
Table DataTable
Ly hay gn DataTable nm bn di m DataView ca bn lin h
n.
Bng 13.2: nhng phng thc ca DataView
AddNew() DataViewRow
Thm mt DataRowView mi vo DataView ca bn, v do thm mt
DataRow mi vo DataTable nm bn di.
BeginInit() void
Bt u s khi to runtime ca DataView ca bn trong mt form hay
thnh phn.
CopyTo() void
Sao chp nhng hng t DataView ca bn vo trong mt mng. Phng
thc ny ch dnh cho nhng giao din Web form.
Delete() void
Xa DataRowView c ch s c ch nh ra khi DataView ca bn. S
xa ca DataRow nm bn di khng c duy tr cho n khi bn gi
phng thc AcceptChanges() ca DataTable ca bn. Bn c th hu lnh
xa bng cch gi phng thc RejectChanges() ca DataTable ca bn.
EndInit() void
Kt thc s khi to runtime ca DataView ca bn trong mt form hay
thnh phn.
Find() int
B qu ti. Tm v tr v ch s ca DataRowView vi kha chnh c ch
r trong DataView ca bn. Gi tr Int c tr li bi phng thc ny l
ch s ca DataRowView nu c tm thy; nu khng -1 c tr v.
trc tin bn phi t thuc tnh Sort ca DataView ca bn phn lai
trn kha chnh. Chng hn, nu bn mun tm mt DataRowView t c
s trn CustomerID, Bn phi t Sort ti CustomerID, CustomerID ASC,
hay CustomerID DESC.
FindRows() DataRowView[]
B qu ti. Tm v tr li mt mng ca nhng i tng DataRowView c
nhng ct thch ng vi kha chnh ch nh. Nh vi phng thc Find() ,
bn phi gn thuc tnh Sort ca DataView ca bn cho kha chnh trc
khi gi phng thc FindRows() .
Bng 13.2: nhng phng thc ca DataView
GetEnumerator() IEnumerator
Tr li mt b m cho DataView ca bn.
ToString() string
Tr li mt chui i din cho DataView ca bn.
Bng 13.3: nhng thnh vin Lit k DataViewRowState

HNG S M T
Added Mt hng mi thm
CurrentRows
Nhng hng hin thi, bao gm khng thay i, hng c thm, v nhng hng sa i.
Deleted mt hng b xa
ModifiedCurrent mt hng c sa i
ModifiedOriginal hng nguyn thy trc khi sa i
None
Khng ph hp vi bt k hng no trong DataTable.
OriginalRows
Nhng hng nguyn bn, bao gm nhng hng khng thay i v b xa .
Unchanged
Mt hng m khng b sa i.

Mt trong s nhng s kin DataView l ListChanged. N pht khi khi danh sch c qun l bi DataView
ca bn thay i. B x l s kin ca n l ListChangedEventHandler.
Bng 13.3 cho thy nhng thnh vin lit k ca System.Data.DataViewRowState . S lit k ny c s
dng vi thuc tnh RowState ca mt DataTable; thuc tnh ny c dng ch r nhng hng c xem
bi DataView c lc bi DataViewRowState ca chng.

TO V S DNG MT I TNG DATAVIEW:

Trong mc ny, bn s hc cch lc v phn loi nhng hng nh th no vi mt i tng DataView. Bn
to ra mt i tng DataView s dng mt trong s nhng b khi dng sau y :

DataView()
DataView(DataTable myDataTable)
DataView(DataTable myDataTable, string filterExpression, string sortExpression,
DataViewRowState rowState)

VI:

. myDataTable ch nh DataTable m DataView ca bn lin h n. DataView ca n s c nhng
hng t DataTable ny. Thuc tnh Table ca DataView ca bn c gn ti myDataTable.
. filterExpression ch nh mt chui cha biu thc bn mun dng lc nhng hng . Thuc tnh
RowFilter ca DataView ca bn gn ti filterExpression.
. sortExpression ch nh mt chui cha biu thc bn mun dng phn loi nhng hng . Thuc tnh
Sort ca DataView ca bn c gn ti sortExpression.
. rowState ch nh mt b lc b sung ng dng vo nhng hng; V d sau y to ra v c tr mt
DataTable c tn customersDT cha nhng hng t bng Customers:
Trc khi bn to ra mt DataView,trc tin bn cn mt DataTable t c nhng hng. V d sau y
to ra v c tr mt DataTable c tn customersDT cha nhng hng t bng Customers:

"SELECT CustomerID, CompanyName, Country " +
"FROM Customers";

Chng ta hy cho l bn mun lc nhng hng CustomersDT xem ch nhng khch hng trong UK. Biu
thc chui lc ca cc s l

string filterExpression = "Country = 'UK'";
Ghi ch:
Sp xp ASC : th t tng dn. sp xp DESC theo th t gim dn.
Cui cng, chng ta hy cho l bn ch mun xem nhng hng nguyn bn trong DataView; do bn gn b
lc trng thi hng ca bn ti DataViewRowState.OriginalRows:

DataViewRowState rowStateFilter = DataViewRowState.OriginalRows;
Ghi ch:
Theo mc nh l DataViewRowState.CurrentRows, bao gm nhng hng trong DataView ca bn m
DataViewRowState l khng thay i, c thm vo, v ang c sa i.
V d sau y to ra mt i tng DataView c tn customersDV v chuyn customersDT, filterExpression,
sortExpression, v rowStateFilter n b khi dng DataView:

DataView customersDV =
new DataView(
customersDT, filterExpression, sortExpression, rowStateFilter
);
You can also create a DataView and set the Table, RowFilter, Sort, and RowStateFilter
properties individually. For example:
DataView customersDV = new DataView();
customersDV.Table = customersDT;
customersDV.RowFilter = filterExpression;
customersDV.Sort = sortExpression;
customersDV.RowStateFilter = rowStateFilter;

Mt DataView ct gi nhng hng nh nhng i tng DataRowView, v nhng hng c c t nhng i
tng DataRow c ct gi trong DataTable nm bn di. V d sau y s dng mt vng foreach hi
th nhng i tng DataRowView trong DataView customersDV :

foreach (DataRowView myDataRowView in customersDV)
{
for (int count = 0; count < customersDV.Table.Columns.Count; count++)
{
Console.WriteLine(myDataRowView[count]);
}
Console.WriteLine("");
}

Ghi nh rng myDataRowView[count] tr v gi tr s ch v tr ca ct c ch r bi b m. Chng hn,
myDataRowView[0] Tr li gi tr ca ch v tr ct CustomerID. Bn s hc nhiu hn v lp DataRowView
sau trong mc "Lp DataRowView."

Lit k 13.1 trnh by mt chng trnh s dng nhng v d m trc y.

Danh sch 13.1: USINGDATAVIEW.CS
/*
UsingDataView.cs illustrates the use of a DataView object to
filter and sort rows
*/

using System;
using System.Data;

class UsingDataView
{
{
new SqlConnection(
);
"FROM Customers";
// set up the filter and sort expressions
string sortExpression = "CustomerID ASC, CompanyName DESC";

// create a DataView object named customersDV

// display the rows in the customersDV DataView object
{
{
}
}
}
}

Ch rng nhng hng trong customersDV c lc vi Country l UK, v nhng hng kt qu s c sp
xp theo CustomerID. u ra chng trnh ny nh sau:

AROUT
Around the Horn
UK

BSBEV
B's Beverages
UK

CONSH
Consolidated Holdings
UK

EASTC
Eastern Connection
UK

ISLAT
Island Trading
UK
NORTS
North/South
UK

SEVES
Seven Seas Imports
UK

S dng gii thut sp xp mc nh

Nu bn mun phn nhm nhng i tng DataRowView trong DataView ca bn da vo kha chnh
DataTable ca bn , Bn c th s dng mt phm tt. Thay v gn thuc tnh Sort ca DataView ca bn , Bn
gn thuc tnh PrimaryKey ca DataTable v sau gn thuc tnh ApplyDefaultSort ca DataView ca bn
ti true.

Thuc tnh Sort ca DataView ca bn ri s t ng c gn ti kha chnh ca DataTable ca bn. iu ny
gy ra nhng i tng DataRowView trong DataView ca bn s c sp xp trong th t tng dn da vo
gi tr ct kha chnh .
Chng ta hy xem xt mt v d. b m sau y gn nhng thuc tnh PrimaryKey ca DataTable -
customersDT ti DataColumn - CustomerID :

customersDT.PrimaryKey =
new DataColumn[]
{
customersDT.Columns["CustomerID"]
};

V d k tip t thuc tnh ApplyDefaultSort ca customersDV ti true :

customersDV.ApplyDefaultSort = true;

Thuc tnh Sort ca customersDV ri c gn ti CustomerID, n gy ra nhng i tng DataRowView s
c sp xp theo gi tr tng dn ca CustomerID.
Ghi ch Bn s tm thy nhng v d m trong mc ny trong chng trnh UsingDefaultSort.cs . Danh
sch b b qua trong sch ny cho ngn gn.

Thc hin s lc nng cao:

Thuc tnh RowFilter ca mt DataView tng t vi mnh WHERE trong mt s pht biu SELECT. Do
bn c th s dng nhng biu thc lc rt mnh trong DataView ca bn. V d, bn c th s dng nhng
chc nng tng th AND, OR, NOT, IN, LIKE, nhng ton t so snh , nhng ton t s hc, nhng k t i
din ( * v % ) .

Ghi ch : Chi tit v cch s dng nhng biu thc b lc nh vy trong nhng i tng DataView ca bn ,
tham chiu ti thuc tnh DataColumn.Expression trong ti liu trc tuyn .NET.

y l mt v d n gin s dng tan t LIKE v k t i din (%) phn trm lc nhng hng vi
CustomerName bt u vi Fr:

string filterExpression = "CompanyName LIKE 'Fr%'";

Ch : chui Fr % c t trong nhng li trch dn n- m bn phi lm cho tt c cc k t chui. Khi m
ny thay th m hin hu trong chng trnh UsingDataView.cs c trnh by trc trong Danh sch 13.1,
u ra nh sau:

FRANK
Frankenversand
Germany

FRANR
France restauration
France

FRANS
Franchi S.p.A.
Italy

Ghi nh : ti c thc hin s thay i ny trong chng trnh UsingDataView2.cs ( Danh sch c b qua
trong sch ny cho ngn gn). hy thoi mi t do kho st v chy chng trnh ny

LP DATAROWVIEW:

Nhng hng trong mt i tng DataView c ct gi nh nhng i tng ca lp DataRowView. Mt i
tng DataRowView cung cp s truy cp i tng DataRow nm bn di trong DataTable. Khi bn kho
st v son tho ni dung ca mt DataRowView, Bn tht s ang lm vic vi DataRow nm bn di. Bn
phi nh n iu ny khi lm vic vi nhng i tng DataRowView. Bng 13.4 cho thy mt s nhng
thuc tnh DataRowView, v Bng 13.5 cho thy mt s nhng phng php DataRowView.

Bng 13.4: nhng thuc tnh DataRowView

DataView DataView Ly DataView m DataRowView thuc v.
IsEdit bool ly mt gi tr bool cho bit liu DataRowView ( V do DataRow nm bn
di) ang trong ch son tho.
IsNew bool Ly mt gi tr bool cho bit liu c phi DataRowView va mi c thm
vo.
Row DataRow Ly DataRow nm bn di m ang c xem t DataTable.
RowVersion DataRowVersion

Ly DataRowVersion ca DataRow nm bn di . Nhng thnh vin.ca lit
k System.Data.DataRowVersion l:
Current : ch DataRow cha nhng gi tr hin thi.
Default: ch DataRow cha nhng gi tr mc nh.
Original: ch DataRow cha nhng gi tr nguyn bn.
Proposed: ch DataRow cha nhng gi tr d nh.

Bng 13.5: nhng phng thc ca DataRowView

Phng thc Kiu tr
v
M t
BeginEdit() void Bt u s son tho ca DataRowView trong DataView ca bn, V do
cng bt u s son tho ca DataRow bn di trong DataTable ca bn. Ri
Bn son tho DataRow ny thng qua DataRowView.
CancelEdit() void hy b s son tho ca DataRowView trong DataView ca bn, V bi vy
cng hy b son tho ca DataRow nm bn di trong c s d liu.
CreateChildView() DataView B qu ti. tr v mt DataView cho DataTable con, nu c.
Delete() void Xa DataRowView trong DataView ca bn. S xa ca DataRow nm bn
di khng c giao ph trong DataTable cho n khi bn gi phng thc
AcceptChanges() ca DataTable ca bn. Bn c th hu b s xa bi gi
phng thc RejectChanges() ca DataTable ca bn, v cng hu bt k s
thm khng giao ph hay nhng s sa i no.
EndEdit() void Kt thc s son tho ca mt DataRowView.

S TM KIM NHNG I TNG DataRowView TRONG DataView:

Bn c th tm ch s ca mt DataRowView trong mt DataView s dng phng thc Find() ca mt
DataView. Bn cng c th ly mt mng ca nhng i tng DataRowView s dng phng thc
FindRows() ca mt DataView. Bn s hc cch s dng s nhng phng thc Find() v FindRows() trong
mc ny.

TM CH S CA MT DataRowView S DNG PHNG THC Find():

Phng thc tm kim tr li ch s ca DataRowView vi kha chnh c ch r trong DataView ca bn.gi
tr Int c tr li bi phng thc ny l ch s ca DataRowView nu c tm thy; nu khng -1 c tr
v.

tm thy ch s ng, u tin bn phi t thuc tnh Sort ca DataView ca bn ti Sort trn kha chnh.
Chng hn, nu bn mun tm mt DataRowView t c s trn CustomerID, Bn phi t thuc tnh Sort ca
DataView ca bn ti CustomerID, CustomerID ASC, hay CustomerID DESC:

string sortExpression = "CustomerID";

Gi thit rng nhng i tng DataRowView c lc trong customersDV nh sau:

AROUT
Around the Horn
UK

BSBEV
B's Beverages
UK

CONSH
UK

EASTC
Eastern Connection
UK

ISLAT
Island Trading
UK

NORTS
North/South
UK

SEVES
Seven Seas Imports
UK

V d sau y gi phng php Find() tm ch s ca DataRowView trong customersDV vi mt
CustomerID l BSBEV:

int index = customersDV.Find("BSBEV");

Bi v BSBEV xut hin ti v tr c ch s 1, phng thc Find() tr li 1.

Ghi ch: Nhng i tng DataRowView trong mt DataView khi u ti ch s 0. Bi vy, BSBEV xut
hin ti ch s 1.

Tm nhng i tng DataRowView s dng phng thc FindRows():

Phng thc FindRows() ca mt DataView tm v tr li mt mng ca nhng i tng DataRowView m
c ct kha chnh ph hp vi kha chnh trong DataView ca bn. Nu khng c hng no c tm thy, th
mng tr v s khng c phn t no, v thuc tnh Length (chiu di) ca mng s l 0.

tm nhng i tng DataRowView s dng phng thc FindRows(), u tin bn phi t thuc tnh Sort
ca DataView ca bn l lc trn kha chnh. Chng hn, nu bn mun tm nhng i tng DataRowView
t c s trn CustomerID, Bn phi t thuc tnh Sort ca DataView ca bn l CustomerID, CustomerID
ASC, hay CustomerID DESC:


V d sau y gi phng thc FindRows() tm DataRowView c CustomerID l BSBEV:

DataRowView[] customersDRVs = customersDV.FindRows("BSBEV");

V ch c mt i tng ph hp, mng customersDRVs s cha ng mt DataRowView.

Danh sch 13.2 trnh by mt chng trnh s dng nhng phng thc Find() V FindRows()

Danh sch 13.2: FINDINGDATAROWVIEWS.CS

/*
FindingDataRowViews.cs illustrates the use of the Find() and
FindRows() methods of a DataView to find DataRowView objects
*/

using System;
using System.Data;

class FindingDataRowViews
{
{
new SqlConnection(
);
"FROM Customers";

// set up the filter and sort expressions


{
{
}
}

// use the Find() method of customersDV to find the index of
// the DataRowView whose CustomerID is BSBEV
int index = customersDV.Find("BSBEV");
Console.WriteLine("BSBEV found at index " + index + "\n");

// use the FindRows() method of customersDV to find the DataRowView
// whose CustomerID is BSBEV
DataRowView[] customersDRVs = customersDV.FindRows("BSBEV");
foreach (DataRowView myDataRowView in customersDRVs)
{
{
}
}
}
}

Mo nh: Nu bn ang s dng mt phin bn trc ca NET. SDK, Bn c l gp li bin dch sau y
khi bin dch chng trnh ny
FindingDataRowViews .cs(59, 35): li CS0117: 'System.Data.DataView' khng cha
cha mt nh ngha cho FindRows'

Nu bn gp li ny, bin tp chng trnh vi Visual Studio .NET

AROUT
Around the Horn
UK

BSBEV
B's Beverages
UK

CONSH
UK

EASTC
Eastern Connection
UK

ISLAT
Island Trading
UK

NORTS
North/South
UK

SEVES
Seven Seas Imports
UK

BSBEV found at index 1
BSBEV
B's Beverages
UK

THM, SA I, LOI B NHNG I TNG DataRowView T MT DataView:

S l quan trng khi bit nhng i tng DataRowView trong mt DataView cung cp nhng s truy cp ti
i tng DataRow nm bn di trong mt DataTable. Bi vy, khi bn kho st v son tho ni dung ca
mt DataRowView, Bn tht s ang lm vic vi DataRow nm bn di. Tng t, khi bn loi b mt
DataRowView, tc bn ang loi b DataRow nm bn di.

THM MT DataRowView VO MT DataView:

thm mt DataRowView mi vo mt DataView, Bn gi phng thc AddNew() ca DataView ca bn.
Phng thc AddNew() tr v mt i tng DataRowView m bn gn nhng gi tr ct cho hng mi. V d
sau y gi phng thc AddNew() ca DataView customersDV:

DataRowView customerDRV = customersDV.AddNew();
customerDRV["CustomerID"] = "J7COM";
customerDRV["CompanyName"] = "J7 Company";
customerDRV["Country"] = "UK";
customerDRV.EndEdit();

Ch s s dng ca phng thc EndEdit() ca DataRowView customerDRV kt thc s son tho.
phng thc EndEdit() to ra mt DataRow mi trong DataTable nm bn di. Nhng i tng DataColumn
trong DataRow mi s cha nhng gi tr ct c ch r trong m trc y.

Ghi nh Bn c th hu b s thm bi gi phng thc CancelEdit() ca mt DataRowView.

Bn c th ly DataRow nm bn di c thm vo DataTable s dng thuc tnh Row ca mt
DataRowView. Chng hn:

DataRow customerDR = customerDRV.Row;

Sa i mt DataRowView hin hu:

bt u sa i mt DataRowView hin hu trong mt DataView, Bn gi phng thc BeginEdit() ca
DataRowView trong DataView ca bn. V d sau y gi phng thc BeginEdit() cho DataRowView u
tin trong customersDV:

customersDV[0].BeginEdit();

Ghi ch: Nh rng nhng i tng DataRowView trong mt DataView bt u ti ch s 0, v bi vy
customersDV[0] l DataRowView u tin trong customersDV.

V ri Bn c th sa i mt DataColumn trong DataRow nm bn di thng qua DataRowView.

V d sau y t DataColumn CompanyName l Widgets Inc.:

customersDV[0]["CompanyName"] = "Widgets Inc.";

Mt khi bn thc hin xong nhng sa i ca bn, bn gi phng thc EndEdit() lm cho nhng s
sa i ca bn bn vng trong DataTable nm bn di. Chng hn:

customersDV[0].EndEdit();

Ghi nh: Bn c th hu b s sa i bi gi phng thc CancelEdit() ca mt DataRowView.

Loi b mt DataRowView hin hu

loi b mt DataRowView hin hu t mt DataView, Bn c th gi phng thc Delete() ca DataView
hoc DataRowView. Khi gi phng thc Delete() ca mt DataView, Bn thng qua ch s ca
DataRowView m bn mun loi b. V d sau y loi b DataRowView th hai t customersDV:

customersDV.Delete(1);

Khi gi phng thc Delete() ca mt DataRowView, Bn n gin gi phng thc ny ca DataRowView
trong DataView ca bn. v d sau y loi b DataRowView th ba t customersDV:

customersDV[2].Delete();

Vi bt k trong ba phng thc Delete() ny, s xa khng c giao ph trong DataTable nm bn di cho
n khi bn gi phng thc AcceptChanges() ca DataTable ca bn. Chng hn:

customersDT.AcceptChanges();

Ghi ch: Bn c th gi phng thc RejectChanges() ca mt DataTable hu b nhng s xa. Phng
thc ny s cng hu b bt k s thm khng giao ph v nhng s sa i ca nhng hng.

Danh sch 13.3 cho thy mt chng trnh m thm, iu chnh, v xa nhng i tng DataRowView t mt
DataView.Chng trnh ny cng trnh by nhng thuc tnh IsNew v IsEdit ca nhng i tng
DataRowView. N cho bit liu c phi DataRowView l mi v ang c sa i hay khng.

Danh sch 13.3: ADDMODIFYANDREMOVEDATAROWVIEWS.CS

/*
AddModifyAndRemoveDataRowViews.cs illustrates how to
add, modify, and remove DataRowView objects from a DataView
*/

using System;
using System.Data;

class AddModifyAndRemoveDataRowViews
{
public static void DisplayDataRow(
DataRow myDataRow,
DataTable myDataTable
)
{
Console.WriteLine("\nIn DisplayDataRow()");
{
}
}

{
new SqlConnection(
);
"FROM Customers";

// set up the filter expression


// add a new DataRowView (adds a DataRow to the DataTable)
Console.WriteLine("\nCalling customersDV.AddNew()");
DataRowView customerDRV = customersDV.AddNew();
customerDRV["CustomerID"] = "J7COM";
customerDRV["CompanyName"] = "J7 Company";
customerDRV["Country"] = "UK";
Console.WriteLine("customerDRV[\" CustomerID\"] = " +
customerDRV["CustomerID"]);
Console.WriteLine("customerDRV[\" CompanyName\"] = " +
customerDRV["CompanyName"]);
Console.WriteLine("customerDRV[\" Country\"] = " +
customerDRV["Country"]);
Console.WriteLine("customerDRV.IsNew = " + customerDRV.IsNew);
Console.WriteLine("customerDRV.IsEdit = " + customerDRV.IsEdit);
customerDRV.EndEdit();
// get and display the underlying DataRow
DataRow customerDR = customerDRV.Row;
DisplayDataRow(customerDR, customersDT);

// modify the CompanyName of customerDRV
Console.WriteLine("\nSetting customersDV[0][\" CompanyName\"] to Widgets Inc.");
customersDV[0].BeginEdit();
customersDV[0]["CompanyName"] = "Widgets Inc.";
Console.WriteLine("customersDV[0][\" CustomerID\"] = " +
customersDV[0]["CustomerID"]);
Console.WriteLine("customersDV[0][\" CompanyName\"] = " +
customersDV[0]["CompanyName"]);
Console.WriteLine("customersDV[0].IsNew = " + customersDV[0].IsNew);
Console.WriteLine("customersDV[0].IsEdit = " + customersDV[0].IsEdit);
customersDV[0].EndEdit();

// display the underlying DataRow
DisplayDataRow(customersDV[0].Row, customersDT);

// remove the second DataRowView from customersDV
Console.WriteLine("\ncustomersDV[1][\" CustomerID\"] = " +
Console.WriteLine("\nCalling customersDV.Delete(1)");
customersDV.Delete(1);
Console.WriteLine("customersDV[1].IsNew = " + customersDV[1].IsNew);
Console.WriteLine("customersDV[1].IsEdit = " + customersDV[1].IsEdit);

// remove the third DataRowView from customersDV
Console.WriteLine("\ncustomersDV[2][\" CustomerID\"] = " +
Console.WriteLine("\nCalling customersDV[2].Delete()");
customersDV[2].Delete();

// call the AcceptChanges() method of customersDT to
// make the deletes permanent in customersDT
customersDT.AcceptChanges();

Console.WriteLine("\nDataRowView objects in customersDV:\n");
{
{
}
}
}
}
Calling customersDV.AddNew()
customerDRV["CustomerID"] = J7COM
customerDRV["CompanyName"] = J7 Company
customerDRV["Country"] = UK
customerDRV.IsNew = True
customerDRV.IsEdit = True

In DisplayDataRow()
CustomerID = J7COM
CompanyName = J7 Company
Country = UK

Setting customersDV[0]["CompanyName"] to Widgets Inc.
customersDV[0]["CustomerID"] = AROUT
customersDV[0]["CompanyName"] = Widgets Inc.
customersDV[0].IsNew = False
customersDV[0].IsEdit = True

In DisplayDataRow()
CustomerID = AROUT
CompanyName = Widgets Inc.
Country = UK

customersDV[1]["CustomerID"] = BSBEV

Calling customersDV.Delete(1)
customersDV[1].IsNew = False
customersDV[1].IsEdit = False

customersDV[2]["CustomerID"] = EASTC

Calling customersDV[2].Delete()

DataRowView objects in customersDV:

AROUT
Widgets Inc.
UK
CONSH
UK

ISLAT
Island Trading
UK

NORTS
North/South
UK

SEVES
Seven Seas Imports
UK

J7COM
J7 Company
UK

TO NHNG I TNG DataView CON:

Bn c th to ra mt DataView con t mt DataRowView cha s dng phng thc CreateChildView().V ri
Bn c th xem nhng i tng DataRowView DataView con. gi phng thc CreateChildView(),u
tin bn phi thm mt DataRelation vo Dataset m nh ngha mt mi quan h gia hai i tng DataTable
nm bn di. (xem Chng 12, " nh hng v sa i D liu lin quan ", c thng tin v nhng i
tng DataRelation.)

Chng ta hy xem xt mt v d. Gi thit bn c hai i tng DataTable c tn customersDT v ordersDT .
Cng gi thit bn c thm DataRelation sau y vo Dataset m nh ngha mt mi quan h gia
customersDT v ordersDT:

new DataRelation(
"CustomersOrders",
);
);

Cui cng, gi thit bn c mt DataView c tn customersDV xem nhng khch hng c mt ct Country
l UK. V ri Bn c th gi phng thc CreateChildView() t mt DataRowView trong customersDV to
ra mt DataView con; ch rng tn ca DataRelation (CustomersOrders) c chuyn cho phng thc
CreateChildView():

DataView ordersDV = customersDV[0].CreateChildView("CustomersOrders");

DataView ordersDV cho php bn truy cp nhng hng con t DataTable ordersDT. i tng cha trong v d
ny l DataRowView u tin t customersDV c mt CustomerID l AROUT. DataView ordersDV con cha
nhng i tng DataRowView vi nhng chi tit ca n t cho khch hng AROUT.

Ghi ch : Phng thc CreateChildView() b qu ti. Phin bn khc ca phng thc ny chp nhn mt i
tng DataRelation nh tham s.

lit k 13.4 trnh by mt chng trnh v d y

Danh sch 13.4: CREATECHILDDATAVIEW.CS

/*
CreateChildDataView.cs illustrates how to create a
child DataView
*/

using System;
using System.Data;

class CreateChildDataView
{
{
new SqlConnection(
);
"FROM Customers;" +
"FROM Orders;";
// add a DataRelation object to myDataSet
new DataRelation(
"CustomersOrders",
);
);

customersDV.RowFilter = "Country = 'UK'";
customersDV.Sort = "CustomerID";

// display the first row in the customersDV DataView object
Console.WriteLine("Customer:");
{
Console.WriteLine(customersDV[0][count]);
}

// create a child DataView named ordersDV that views
// the child rows for the first customer in customersDV
DataView ordersDV = customersDV[0].CreateChildView("CustomersOrders");

// display the child rows in the customersDV DataView object
Console.WriteLine("\nOrderID's of the orders placed by this customer:");
foreach (DataRowView ordersDRV in ordersDV)
{
Console.WriteLine(ordersDRV["OrderID"]);
}
}
}
Customer:
AROUT
Around the Horn
UK

OrderID's of the orders placed by this customer:
10355
10383
10453
10558
10707
10741
10743
10768
10793
10864
10920
10953
11016

LP DataViewManager:

Mt DataViewManager cho php bn tp trung qun l nhiu i tng DataView trong mt Dataset. Mt
DataViewManager cng cho php bn to ra nhng i tng DataView trong thi gian chy. Bng 13.6 cho
thy mt s nhng thuc tnh DataViewManager.

Bng 13.6: nhng thuc tnh DataViewManager

DataSet DataSet ly hay gn Dataset c dng bi DataViewManager ca bn.
DataViewSettings DataViewSettingCollection Ly DataViewSettingCollection cho mi DataTable trong
Dataset ca bn. Mt DataViewSettingCollection gip bn truy
cp n nhng thuc tnh ca DataView cho mi DataTable.

Mt trong s nhng phng thc ca DataViewManager l CreateDataView(). N to ra mt DataView mi
cho DataTable c ch nh. DataTable c chuyn qua nh mt tham s ti phng thc CreateDataView().
Kiu tr v ca n l DataView.

Mt trong s nhng s kin DataViewManager l ListChanged. N pht khi khi danh sch c qun l bi
mt DataView trong DataViewManager ca bn thay i.B x l s kin ca n l ListChangedEventHandler.

To ra v s dng mt i tng DataViewManager

To ra mt DataViewManager, Bn s dng mt trong s b khi dng sau y:

DataViewManager()
DataViewManager(DataSet myDataSet)

Vi myDataSet ch nh Dataset c dng bi i tng DataViewManager. N gn thuc tnh Dataset ca
i tng DataViewManager mi ti myDataSet.

Chng ta hy xemxt mt v d v to ra v s dng mt DataViewManager. Gi thit bn c mt Dataset c
tn myDataSet, c cha mt DataTable c c lu tr vi nhng hng t bng Customers. V d sau y
to ra mt i tng DataViewManager c tn myDVM, MyDataSet chuyn qua ti b khi dng:

DataViewManager myDVM = new DataViewManager(myDataSet);

V d k tip thit t nhng thuc tnh Sort v RowFilter m s c s dng sau khi mt DataView cho
DataTable Customers c to ra :

myDVM.DataViewSettings["Customers"].Sort = "CustomerID";
myDVM.DataViewSettings["Customers"].RowFilter = "Country = 'UK'";

Ghi nh : m trc y khng tht s to ra mt DataView; n n thun gn nhng thuc tnh ca bt k
DataView no c to ra trong tng lai, m xem nhng hng t DataTable Customers.

V d sau y tht s to ra mt DataView bi s gi phng thc CreateDataView() ca DataViewManager
myDVM, chuyn DataTable customersDT ti CreateDataView():

DataView customersDV = myDVM.CreateDataView(customersDT);

Thuc tnh Sort v RowFilter ca DataView customersDV c gn ti CustomerID v Country = ' UK' tng
ng. y l nhng s thit t tng t nh nhng thit t trc trong thuc tnh DataViewSettings.

Danh sch 13.4 Trnh by mt v d y v to v s dng DataViewManager hc trong mc ny.
Danh sch 13.4 Mt : USINGDATAVIEWMANAGER.CS

/*
UsingDataViewManager.cs illustrates the use of a
DataViewManager object
*/

using System;
using System.Data;

class UsingDataViewManager
{
{
new SqlConnection(
);
"FROM Customers";

// create a DataViewManager object named myDVM
DataViewManager myDVM = new DataViewManager(myDataSet);

// set the Sort and RowFilter properties for the Customers DataTable
myDVM.DataViewSettings["Customers"].Sort = "CustomerID";
myDVM.DataViewSettings["Customers"].RowFilter = "Country = 'UK'";

// display the DataViewSettingCollectionString property of myDVM
Console.WriteLine("myDVM.DataViewSettingCollectionString = " +
myDVM.DataViewSettingCollectionString + "\n");

// call the CreateDataView() method of myDVM to create a DataView
// named customersDV for the customersDT DataTable
DataView customersDV = myDVM.CreateDataView(customersDT);

{
{
}
}
}
}

myDVM.DataViewSettingCollectionString =
<DataViewSettingCollectionString>
<Customers Sort="CustomerID" RowFilter="Country = 'UK'"
RowStateFilter="CurrentRows"/>
</DataViewSettingCollectionString>

AROUT
Around the Horn
UK
BSBEV
B's Beverages
UK

CONSH
UK

EASTC
Eastern Connection
UK

ISLAT
Island Trading
UK

NORTS
North/South
UK

SEVES
Seven Seas Imports
UK

TO MT DataView S DNG Visual Studio .NET:

Trong mc ny, bn s hc cch to ra mt DataView nh th no s dng Visual Studio .NET (VS .NET).
Bn c th theo nhng bc c m t trong mc ny:

1. M VS .NET v to ra mt ng dng Windows mi t tn myDataView.
2. hin th Server Explorer, kt ni ti c s d liu Northwind ca bn, v s ko bng Customers ti
form ca bn. Vic ny to ra mt i tng SqlConnection c tn sqlConnection1 v mt i tng
SqlDataAdapter c tn sqlDataAdapter1. Nhng i tng ny c t trong khay bn di form ca
bn.
3. Thay i thuc tnh ConnectionString ca sqlConnection1 kt ni ti c s d liu Northwind ca
bn. Nh thm mt chui con cha mt khu ( Pwd= sa, hay tng t).
4. Kch vo i tng sqlDataAdapter1 trong form ca bn, v ri kch lin kt Generate Dataset ti y
ca ca s nhng thuc tnh cho sqlDataAdapter1. Chp nhn nhng mc nh trong hp thoi, v kch
nt Ok to ra mt i tng Dataset c tn dataSet11.
5. Ko mt i tng DataView t tab Data ca Toolbox n form ca bn. Vic ny to ra mt i
tng DataView c tn dataView1.
6. Gn thuc tnh Table ca i tng dataView1 ca bn ti dataSet11.Customers s dng danh sch
s xung bn phi ca thuc tnh Table; t thuc tnh RowFilter ti Country =' UK'; v t thuc tnh
Sort ti CustomerID. xem Hnh 13.1.

Thit t nhng thuc tnh ca DataView1

7. Ko mt iu khin DataGrid t nhng tab Windows Form ca Toolbox n form ca bn. Vic ny
to ra mt i tng DataGrid c tn dataGrid1.
8. Gn thuc tnh DataSource ca dataGrid1 ti dataView1 s dng danh sch s xung bn phi ca
thuc tnh DataSource, nh trong Hnh 13.2. iu ny kt buc d liu c ct gi trong dataView1
vo dataGrid1 v cho php dataGrid1 truy cp bt k d liu no c ct gi trong dataView1.

Hnh 13.2: gn nhng thuc tnh ca dataGrid1
9. Chn View - Code v gn phng thc Form1() ca form ca bn vi m sau
public Form1()
{
//
// Required for Windows Form Designer support
//
InitializeComponent();

// call the Fill() method of sqlDataAdapter1
// to populate dataSet11 with a DataTable named
// Customers
sqlDataAdapter1.Fill(dataSet11, "Customers");
}

Bin dch v chy form ca bn bng cch nhn Ctrl + F5. Hnh 13.3 cho thy s vn hnh ca form. Ch
thng tin trong form n t DataView m bn to ra.

TM TT:

Trong chng ny, bn hc cch s dng nhng i tng DataView lc v sp xp nhng hng nh th
no. Li th ca mt DataView l bn c th kt buc n ti mt thnh phn trc quan nh mt iu khin
DataGrid.
Mt DataView ct gi nhng bn sao ca nhng hng trong mt DataTable nh nhng i tng
DataRowView. Nhng i tng DataRowView cung cp s truy cp ti nhng i tng DataRow nm bn
di trong mt DataTable. Bi vy, khi bn kho st v sa i ni dung ca mt DataRowView, tc l bn
tht s ang lm vic vi DataRow nm bn di.
Thuc tnh RowFilter ca mt DataView tng t nh mt mnh WHERE trong mt pht biu SELECT.
Do bn c th s dng nhng biu thc lc rt mnh trong DataView ca bn. V d, bn c th s dng
AND, OR, NOT, IN, LIKE,nhng ton t so snh, nhng ton t s hc, nhng k t i din (* v %) v
nhng chc nng tng th.
Bn c th tm thy ch s ca mt DataRowView trong mt DataView s dng phng thc Find() ca mt
DataView. Bn cng c th ly mt mng ca nhng i tng DataRowView s dng phng thc
FindRows() ca mt DataView.
Mt DataViewManager cho php bn tp trung qun l nhiu i tng DataView trong mt Dataset. Mt
DataViewManager cng cho php bn to ra nhng i tng DataView trong thi gian chy.

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LapTrinhCoSoDuLieuVoi CSharp Phan 2

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Chng 7: Kt ni ti mt C s d liu

S DNG I TNG SqlConnection KT NI VI C S D LIU

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