K nng trnh by: 10 cch khi u mt bi ni chuyn

K nng trnh by: cch ni trong hi ngh khoa hc

K nng trnh by: Cch son powerpoint slide
Posted on Thng Chn 17, 2011
Tc gi: GS Nguyn Vn Tun
Trong mt hi ngh khoa hc 3 ngy, mt khn gi trung bnh phi nhn v nghe t 300
n 500 slide. l mt s lng rt ln, v rt kh nh ht. Mc tiu ca chng ta, tc
gi, l phi gip cho ngi nghe lnh hi vn nhanh, tiu ha thng tin nhanh, v
ch vo bi bo co ca mnh. Nguyn tc chung l cng t ch, cng tt. t ch c
ngha l ngi nghe tp trung vo nhng g tc gi ni (thay v vit). C nhin, tc
gi khng bao gi c slide.
1. Cn thn vi PowerPoint
Nu chng ta c 20 hp sn, chng ta khng t nhin tr thnh ha s. Tng t, nu
chng ta c 20 slides, chng ta khng hn c mt bi bo co m ch l mt lot
slides. c mt bo co tt, tc gi i hi phi thc tp rt nhiu.
Mt trong nhng vn ca PowerPoint l tnh ng dng. Ba c im sau y lm cho
bo co kh theo di:
1. Nhng slide u c mt format ging nhau
2. Dng im bullet trong mi slide
3. Dng mt mu nn duy nht
4. Mi slide cn phi c mt ta
c im 1-3 c th lm cho ngi theo di mt mi, v lp i lp li nhiu ln. Nu c,
c gng sng ch ra nhiu mu nn khc nhau dng trong bi ni chuyn; nu khng
c nhiu mu nn, th ch dng mu nn ht sc n gin.
Ta trn mi slide cng ging nh bng ch ng. Bng ch ng dn dt cu
chuyn mt cch logic v l th. Do , tc gi cn phi suy ngh cch t ta cho mi
slide sao cho n gin nhng khn gi bit mnh ang u trong cu chuyn. Sau
y l vi hng dn cho cch son slide.
2. Mi slide ch nn trnh by mt tng
y l iu quan trng: mt slide ch nn trnh by mt tng, khng nn nhi nht
hn mt tng vo mt slide. Do , tt c nhng bullet, d liu, hoc biu trong
slide ch nn dng ym tr cho tng chnh.
tng ca slide c th th hin qua ta ca slide. Nu ta slide khng chuyn ti
c tng mt cch nhanh chng, th din gi s phi tn th gi gii thch, v c th
lm long hay lm cho khn gi sao lng vn .
3. Slide trnh by theo cng thc n x n
Mt slides c qu nhiu ch (text) s lm khn gi kh theo di v tng b long. Mi
slide, nu ch c ch, th nn tun th theo cng thc n by n. Cng thc ny c ngha l
nu quyt nh mi slide c 5 dng ch th mi dng ch nn c 5 ch. Mt slide khng
nn c qu 6 dng ch (n < 7).
4. Vit slide theo cng thc telegraphic
Gia c v nghe, ci no lm cho khn gi d theo di hn? Cu tr li l c, bi v c
i hi t n lc hn l nghe. Nu din gi son slide vi qu nhiu ch, th khn gi s
c ch khng nghe. Nhng din gi cn khn gi phi nghe hn l c (v h c th c
bi bo hay bo co khoa hc chi tit hn). Do , son slide ngn gn s gip khn gi
tiu ra t th gi c v dnh nhiu th gi lng nghe din gi.
Cch vit slide tt nht l cch vit telegraphic. l cch vit ngn gn, nh phng vin
t ta bn tin. Ni cch khc, l cch vit khng tun theo vn phm Anh ng,
khng cn phi c mt cu vn hon chnh. C th l trnh dng mo t (the, a/an) v c
gng vit ngn, b nhng ch khng cn thit.
Ngoi ra, c gng chn nhng ch ngn nht, nhng cu vn ngn nht (nu c
th). Chng hn nh:
Thay v vit Th nn vit
Regarding On
However But
Furthermore Also
Consequently So
Necessary Needed
C th ly vi v d minh ha cho cch vit ngn nh sau:
Thay v vit Th nn vit
We needed to make a comparison of x
and y We needed to compare x and y
There is a possibility that X will fail X may fail
Evaluating the component Evaluating components
The user decides his/her settings Users decide their settings
The activity of testing is a laborious
process Testing is laborious
No need for the following No need for
Various methods can be used to solve
this problem such as Methods:
5. Dng bullet
Bullet thng hay c s dng trong cc bi ni chuyn bng powerpoint, nhng cn
phi cn nhc khng nn dng qu nhiu bullet trong mt bi ni chuyn. Nguyn tc
cn bn l khng lp li nhng t trong cc bullet. V d, thay v vit
The advantages of using this system are
it will enable researchers to limit the time needed in the laboratory
it will help researchers to find the data they need
it will permit researchers to produce more accurate results
th nn vit ngn gn hn nh sau:
Advantages for researchers:
limits lab time
finds relevant data
produces more accurate results
hay thm ch n gin v chuyn nghip hn:
The system enables researchers to limit lab time
find relevant data
produce more accurate results
6. Dng biu v hnh nh
Ngi xa c cu mt hnh c gi tr bng hng vn ch ni ln tm quan trng ca
biu . Tht vy, chng ta thng nh biu hn l nh nhng bng s liu chi
cht. Chng ta cng d cm nhn v c n tng vi biu hn l con s. Biu c gi
tr rt lu, v ngi ta thng trch dn biu trong cc hi ngh khoa hc. Do , cn
phi u t thi gian suy ngh v cch trnh by biu mt cch c ngha.
C nhiu dng biu v mi dng ch c th p dng cho mt tnh hung c bit. Mt s
hng dn chung c th tm lc nh sau:
Loi biu Mc ch Ti a
Hnh trn (Pie chart) Phn trm, c cu 3 5 slides
Biu thanh (bar chart)
Dng so snh, tng
quan, xp hng 5 7 slides
Biu tn x (scatter
plot)
M t bin i theo thi
gian, mi tng quan 1 2 slides
Bng s liu So snh s liu 3 ct v 5 dng
Hnh nh cartoons Minh ha 1 2 slides
Trong mi biu hay bng s liu, cn phi ch nh danh v n v ca trc honh v
trc tung. Biu hay bng s liu nn c thit k mt cch n gin v chin lc
(tc nhm vo im cn trnh by), khng nn qu tham vng v lm long ch hay
im chnh ca bi ni chuyn.
Nn trnh dng hnh hot ha, v nhng hnh nh ny c th lm gim s trang trng ca
bi ni chuyn. Hnh hot ha dng khng ng ch v ng cch cng lm cho ngi
xem cm thy kh theo di thng ip chnh ca bi ni chuyn.
7. Font v c ch
C hai nhm font ch chnh: nhm ch khng c chn (sans serif) v nhm c
chn. Nhm sans serif bao gm Arial, Comic Sans, Papyrus, v.v. Nhm font ch c
chn bao gmTimes New Roman, Courier, Script, v.v. Nhiu nghin cu tm l ch ra
rng font ch sans serif thng d c. Ngi c tiu ra t thi gian c cc font ch
nh Arial hn l Times hay Times New Roman. Chnh v th m cc i gia internet
nh Google, yahoo, Firefox, Amazon, YouTube, v.v. u dng font ch Arial, hay cc font
tng t.
V c ch (size), phn ln cc chuyn gia khuyn co nn dng c (size) t 18 tr ln.
Nu dng font ch vi c <18 khn gi s kh c, nht l trong cc hi trng
rng. Ring phn ta , c font ch phi 40 n 50. Tuy nhin, trong trng hp phi
trnh by ti liu tham kho th font size khong 12-14 c th chp nhn c.
Khng bao gi dng ch vit hoa nh THIS IS A TEST. Ch vit hoa c hiu l la ht,
mt lch s. Ngoi ra, ch vit hoa cng kh c v kh theo di. Tuy nhin, c th vit
nghing hay t m (bold-faced), nhng ng nn lm dng nhng cch vit ny. Ch
dng gch t khi cn nhn mnh mt iu g quan trng; nu khng th nn trnh cch
vit ny.
8. Mu
Chn mu cho ch cng l mt ngh thut. Mu v mu cam l mu high-energy
nhng rt kh tp trung. Mu xanh l cy, xanh nc bin, v nu l nhng mu ngt
du, nhng kh gy ch . Mu v xanh l cy c th kh thy i vi nhng ngi
vi hi chng m mu.
Cch chn mu cn ty vo bi cnh v mi trng. Cng cn phn bit mu ch (text
color) v mu nn (background color). Tu trung li, kinh nghim cho thy:
Nu hi trng nh hay ging dy (lecture): chn ch mu ti trn nn sng. V d
nh ch mu en hay mu xanh m v nn trng;
Nu hi trng rng ln: chn ch sng trn nn ti, nh ch mu trng / vng trn
nn xanh m.
Trnh slide vi ch mu xanh l cy v mu nn (hay ch mu trn nn mu xanh
l cy), v rt nhiu ngi b m mu vi s kt hp ny. Ni chung trnh chn mu nn
v y l loi mu high energy d lm cho mt b mt v kh theo di.
http://nguyenvantuan.net/english/1281-ki-nang-trinh-bay-cach-soan-powerpoint-slide