2 CC PHP TON C BN

Cc php ton c bn ca Matlab c thc hin trc tip trn

ca s lnh command windows.
Cc php ton c bn gm : cc php ton s hc, cc php
ton lng gic, cc php ton lm trn, cc php ton so
snh, cc php v s phc.
2.1 Cc php ton s hc
tnh ton vi cc php tnh s hc n gin, ti ngay du
nhc >> ca ca s lnh Command Windows, chng ta g
vo trc tip :
2 log10(100) Logarit thp phn (lg
10
(x) log10(x) 9
1 log(exp(1)) Logarit t nhin (ln (x) ) log(x) 8
2.7183 exp(1) Hm m (e
x
) exp(x) 7
12 sqrt(144) Cn bc 2 sqrt(x) 6
1000 10^3 Ly tha ( a
b
) ^ 5
20 100/5 Chia / 4
100 10*10 Nhn * 3
975 1000-25 Tr - 2
7 2+5 Cng + 1
Kt qu V d ngha Tn
hm
Stt
Ch : Cc hm ca Matlab s dng k t thng, khng s dng k t hoa
2.2 Cc php ton lng gic :
Khi s dng cc php ton lng gic, chng ta ch l
matlab hiu cc i s ca cc hm lng gic l
radian.Cng nh kt qa tr v ca cc hm lng gic
ngc cng l radian.
45 acot(1)*180/pi arccotang acot 8
45 atan(1)*180/pi Arctang atan 7
30 acos(0.86)*180/pi Arccos acos 6
30 asin(0.5)*180/pi arcsin asin 5
1 cot(45*pi/180) Cotang cot 4
0.1763 tan(10*pi/180) Tang tan 3
0.8776 cos(0.5) Cos cos 2
0.5000 sin(30*pi/180) Sin sin 1
Kt qu V d ngha Tn hm Stt
Ngoi ra, Matlab cn cho php tnh ton mt cch kh trn
vn cc hm hyperbolic, c th tham kho cc hm ny bng
cch dng help ca matlab ( Sinh vin s gp cc hm ny
khi hc v mng 2 ca
2.3 Cc php ton lm trn v ly phn d
:
Stt Tn hm ngha V d Kt
qu
1
fix lm trn cc thnh phn thp phn v 0
fix(1.5680) 1
2
floor lm trn v s nguyn gn nht nh hn
floor(1.5680) 1
3
ceil lm trn v s nguyn gn nht ln hn
ceil(1.5680) 2
4
round Lm trn v s nguyn gn nht
round(1.5680) 2
5
Mod(x,y) Tnh phn d php chia, ly theo y
mod(13,5) 3
6
Rem(x,y) Tnh phn d php chia, ly theo x
rem(13,2) 1
7
Sign(x) Ly du ca x
sign(-2) -1
2.4 Cc php ton so snh :
Cc php ton so snh s so snh gi tr ca gi tr bn phi
v bn tri ca hm so snh, tu theo tng trng hp c
th m gi tr tr v c th l 1 hay 0
Stt
Tn
hm
ngha V d Kt qu
1 > So snh ln hn 1>2 0
2 < So snh nh hn 1<2 1
3 == So snh bng 1==2 0
4 ~= So snh khng bng 1~=2 1
5 >= So snh ln hn hay bng 1>=2 0
6 <= So snh nh hn hay bng 1<=2 1
2.5 Cc php ton logic
Cc php ton so snh s so snh gi tr ca gi tr bn phi
v bn tri ca hm so snh, tu theo tng trng hp c th
m gi tr tr v c th l 1 hay 0
Stt Tn
hm
ngha V d Kt qu
1 & Php giao (1>3)&(2>4) 0
2 and Php giao and(1>3,2>4) 0
3 | Php hp (1>3)|(2>1) 1
4 or Php hp or(1>3,2>1) 1
5 ~ Php ph nh ~(1>2) 1
6 not Php ph nh not(1>2) 1
7 xor Php Xor xor(1<3,2<5) 0
2.6 Cc hng s trong Matlab
C mt s gi tr thng dng c c nh ngha sn
trong Matlab, khi s dng, ta c th gi tn cc hng s thay
cho cc gi tr ca chng.
Stt Tn
hng s
ngha V d Kt qu
1 pi S 2*pi 6.2832
2 exp S e exp(1)^2 7.3891
3 i n v o i*i -1
4 inf V cng 1/0 Inf
5 NaN Khng xc nh 0/0 NaN
6 ans p s gn nht
2.7 Php ton gn
Ton t gn c s dng trong Matlab dng thay th
cho gi tr hoc mt biu thc tnh ton.
Ton t = trong Matlab c gi l ton t gn
V d: cn tnh biu thc
Khi , chng ta s thay gi tr t s bng bin B, gi tr mu
s bng bin C, v gi tr A cn tnh bng B/C.
C php ca ton t gn :
Tn bin = gi tr hay biu thc tnh ton
Tn bin : Ti a 31 k t, c phn bit ch hoa v ch
thng, c th s dng cc ch s trong tn bin nhng k t
u tin ca tn bin phi l ch.
Thc hin php gn gii quyt v d trn nh sau
V d:
Php gn: x + 2 = 20 l sai v bn tri ton t gn
khng phi l 1 tn bin.
Php gn: x = 5 + y ch ng nu gi tr ca bin y
c xc nh t trc, nu khng Matlab s bo sai.
>> x = 5;
>> x = x + 3
Thc hin php gn gii quyt v d trn nh sau
B=51^6+76^7
C=log(107)*exp(15)
A=B/C
2.8 Cc php ton v s phc.
Matlab l mt trong nhng phn mm mnh c kh nng tnh
ton cc php tnh lin quan n s phc.
im quan trng trong php tnh s phc l Matlab ch cho
php tnh tan vi s phc c cho dng i s. Do s
phc l mt vn kh tru tng nn chng ta s xem
xt cc khi nim ny.
a. Khi nim v s phc
n v o j l mt s m j
2
= - 1
S o l mt s thc b nhn vi n v o j , vit l j.b
S phc z l tng ca 2 s: s thc a v s o jb: z = a + jb
a c gi l phn thc ca s phc z, k hiu Rez: a = Rez
b c gi l phn o ca s phc z , k hiu Imz: b = Imz
y l dng i s ca s phc.
2 s phc z1 = a1 + jb1 v z2 = a2 + jb2 ch bng nhau khi v ch
khi a1 = a2 v b1 = b2
j
b
a
phan
thc
phan
ao
O
M
Z
Mt phc z = a + jb c biu din hnh hc bng vect
OM
Chiu di OM =Z gi l mun ca
z
Gc gi l Argumen ca z
S phc z = a + jb c th c vit theo dng lng gic
nh sau
z = Zcos + jZsin
R
1
R
2
1
R
3
2
3
R
12
R
23
R
13
1
2
3
BT 2.1 : Php bin i Y/
Trong khi gii cc bi ton v mch in, ta phi s dng php bin
i Y/ bin i mch in t phc tp v n gin.
Cng thc bin i
:
Yu cu :
Cho trc R1 = 0.05 ,R2 =1.67 , R3= 0.18 Xc nh cc gi tr
R12, R23, R31 .
T cc gi tr R12, R23, R31 tm c, tnh ton li cc gi tr
R1, R2, R3
%Nhap R1, R2, R3
R1=10
R2=5
R3=17
%Xac dinh R12, R23, R31
R12=R1+R2+R1*R2/R3
R23=R2+R3+R2*R3/R1
R31=R3+R1+R3*R1/R2
%Tinh toan lai R1, R2, R3
R_1=R12*R31/(R12+R23+R31)
R_2=R12*R23/(R12+R23+R31)
R_3=R23*R31/(R12+R23+R31)
BT 2.2 Dng in dung trong cp ngm.
c trng ca cp ngm l in dung ca cp tng i ln.
i vi 1 si cp c ng knh li ng l r v ng
knh tng si cp l R th cc gi tr c th c xc nh
theo cng thc sau :
Gi tr in dung ca si cp :
Vi l hng s in thm tng i
Dng in in dung chy trong si cp
Vi U l in p ng dy (V), f l tn s li in (Hz).
Tn hao in mi ( tn hao cng sut do in dung)
Yu cu :
Tnh cc gi tr in dung C, dng in dung chy chy trong
si cp ngm, cng sut tn hao do in mi theo cc gi
tr cho trc. Cc gi tr cho trc l :
=3, R=5, r=2, U=22000, f=50, cosfi=0.03
% Nhap gia tri
e=3
R=5
r=2
U=22000
f=50
cosfi=0.03
% Tinh cac gia tri
C=0.0242*e/log10(R/r)
I=2*pi*f*C*10^(-6)*U
deltaP=U*I*cosfi
BT 2.4 Gii mch in bng phng php dng s phc
Dng s phc s gip vic gii mch in c d dng. V
d xc nh biu thc dng in i
3
trong hnh :
i
3
i
2
i
1
Chuyn cc gi tr dng in i
1
, i
2
sang dng phc
Yu cu :
Chuyn dng in i
1
, i
2
v dng phc .
Tnh tan dng in i
3
Chuyn dng i
3
v dng i s
% Nhap gia tri
I1=5;alpha1=40 %Tri hieu dung va goc pha dong dien 1
I2=10,alpha2=-30 %Tri hieu dung va goc pha dong dien 2
%Tinh toan
alpha1_rad=alpha1*pi/180 % Chuyen goc pha qua don vi
radian
alpha2_rad=alpha2*pi/180 % Chuyen goc pha qua don vi
radian
i1=I1*exp(i*alpha1_rad) % chuyen i1 qua so phuc
i2=I2*exp(i*alpha2_rad) % chuyen i1 qua so phuc
i3=i1+i2
I3=abs(i3) % Tri hieu dung cua i3
alpha3_rad=angle(i3); % goc pha cua i3, rad
alpha3=alpha3_rad*180/pi % Goc pha cua i3, do
V d:
C mt b cha hnh tr trn c chiu cao 12m, bn knh 5m.
Ngi ta mun xy dng mt b cha th hai c cng chiu
cao, nhng th tch ln hn ci th nht l 25%. Hi bn knh
tng ng l bao nhiu mt ?
Thc hin trn ca s lnh cc dng lnh nh sau:
>> r = 5;
>> h = 12;
>> v = pi*r^2*h;
>> v = 1.25*v;
>> r = sqrt(v/(pi*h))
r=
5.5902
2. Gii phng trnh bc 2 trong R: 2x
2
+ 5x 3 = 0
>>a=2;
>>b=5;
>>c=-3;
>>delta=b^2-4*a*c
delta= 49
>>x1= (-b+sqrt(delta))/(2*a)
x1=
0.5000
>>x2= (-b-sqrt(delta))/(2*a)
x2=
-3