TRNG TNH IN

TM TT L THUYT
1. Lc tng tc gia hai in tch im q
1
, q
2
t trong mi trng c hng s in mi c
tun theo nh lut Culng:

1 2
12 21
12 3
12
1
4
o
q q
F F r
r tc c
= =


vi:
12 2
8,86.10 C /Nm
o
c

=
2. Vect cng in trng
- in trng gy bi in tch im q ti M

3
1
4
M
M
o M
q
E r
r tc c
=

- in trng gy bi h in tch im:

1 2
1
n
n i
i
E E E E E
=
= + + =

- in trng gy bi vt mang in:

3
( ) ( )
1
4
o
dq
E dE r
r tc c
= =
} }


vt vt

3. Vect in cm:

o
D E c c =


- nh l Oxtrratxki Gaox: Thng lng in cm gi qua mt kn (S) bt k:

1
( )
n
e i
i
S
DdS q |
=
= =

vi
1
n
i
i
q
=

l tng i s in tch nm trong mt kn S.

4. Cng ca in trng khi in tch q
o
dch chuyn trong in trng t im M n im
N in trng thc hin cng :
( )
o M N o MN
A q V V q U = =
5. Th nng tng tc ca h hai in tch im

4
o
o
qq
W
r tc c
=
6. in th gy bi in tch im:

1
4
M
o M
q
V
r tc c
=
7. Hiu in th gia hai im M v N:

N
M N
M
V V Ed =
}

8. Tnh cht th ca trng tnh in:

( )
0
C
Edl =
}

9. Lin h gia cng in trng v in th

s
V
E
S
c
=
c
hoc E gradV =


BI TP V D
Mt ht mang in tch Q > 0 c nh ti O. Ht th hai c khi lng m v in tch q < 0
chuyn ng u trn ng trn tm O bn knh r
1
. Hy tnh cng A cn
phi thc hin bi mt tc nhn bn ngoi ln ht th hai n chuyn ln
qu o c bn knh
2
r .
Li gii
- Khi ht (m, q) chuyn ng xung quanh ht in dng Q t c nh
ti O trn ng trn (O, r
1
) th c nng ca h gm ng nng
2
1
1
2
d
W mv = v th nng
1
t
qQ
W k
r
= (vi v
1
l vn tc ca ht m). Mt khc ht m chuyn
ng trn u nn lc tnh in Culng ng vai tr lc hng tm:

2
1
2
1 1
qQ mv
k
r r
=
2
1
1
1 1
2 2
qQ
mv
r
=
- C nng ca h:

2
1
1
1 1 1 1
1 1
2 2 2
mv qQ qQ qQ qQ
W k k k k
r r r r
= + = + =
- Tng t, khi ht m chuyn ng trn qu o mi (O, r
2
) c nng ca h l:

2
2
1
2
qQ
W k
r
=
- Cng ca ngoi lc bng bin thin c nng:

2 1
2 1
1 1 1
0
2
A W W kqQ
r r
| |
= = >
|
\ .



















q
O Q
m
F

1
r
2
r
1
v

VT DN
TM TT L THUYT
1. in dung ca mt vt dn

Q
C
V
=
2. in dung ca mt qu cu bng kim loi c lp

0
4 C R tcc =
3. in dung ca t in

1 2
Q
C
V V
=

- in dung ca t in phng:
0
S
C
d
c c
=
- in dung t in cu:
0 1 2
1 2
4 R R
C
R R
t c c
=

Trong R
1
, R
2
l bn knh mt cu trong, mt cu ngoi.
- in dung t in tr:
( )
0
1 2
2
ln
C
R R
t c c
=


- Trong l chiu cao hnh tr,
1
R l bn knh tit din mt tr trong,
2
R l bn knh tit
din mt tr ngoi.
4. in dung ca b t in
- Ghp song song:
1
n
i
i
C C
=
=

- Ghp ni tip:
1
1 1
n
i
i
C C
=
=

5. Nng lng ca vt dn (c lp)

2
2
1 1 1
W =
2 2 2
Q
QV CV
C
= =

6. Nng lng ca t in

2
2
1 1 1
W =
2 2 2
Q
QU CU
C
= =
- Nng lng ca t in phng:

2 2 2
0 0
0

W =
2 2 2
SU SE d Sd
d
c c c c o
cc
= =
7. Mt nng lng in trng

2
0
W 1
=
Sd 2 2
E
ED
c c
e = =
BI TP P DNG
12.1. Hai qu cu rng bng kim loi cng tm O, c bn knh ln lt l
1 1
2cm, 4cm R R = = .
in tch qu cu trong l
9
1
9.10 C q

= v qu ngoi l
9
2
2.10
C
3
q

= . Xc nh cng
in trng v in th ti cc im M
1
, M
2
, M
3
, M
4
, M
5
. Bit rng chng cch O nhng on
ln lt l 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4 cm v 5 cm (hnh v).
c
0
= 8,86.10
-12
C
2
/Nm
2
; k = 1/4
0
= 9.10
9
Nm
2
/C
2




















12.1. Xc nh cng in trng v in th
- im M
1
nm trong c hai qu cu nn
1
0 E = .
- im M
2

nm
gn st mt qu cu bn knh R
1
nhng trong lng qu cu bn knh R
2
nn:

1
2 2
0 1
1 V
. 202.200
4 m
q
E
R t c c
=
- im M
3
nm ngoi qu cu bn kn R
1
nhng trong qu cu bn knh R
2
nn.

4 1
3 2
0 3
1 V
. 9.10
4 m
q
E
OM
t c c
=
- im M
4
nm ngoi qu cu bn knh R
1
v st mt cu bn knh R
2
nn:

1 2
4 2 2
0 0 2 4
1 1 V
. . 46.800
4 4 m
q q
E
R
OM
t c c t c c
= +
- im M
5
:

1 2
5 2 2
0 0 5 5
1 1 V
. . 30.000
4 4 m
q q
E
OM
OM
t c c t c c
= +

- in th ti im M
1
v M
2
:

1 2
1 2
0 1 0 2
1 1 V
. . 3.900
4 4 m
q q
V V
R R t c c t c c
= = +

- in th ti M
3
:

1 2
3
3
0 0 2
1 1
. . 2.250 V
4 4
q q
V
R OM t c c t c c
= +
- in th ti M
4
:

1 2
4
4
0 0 2
1 1
. . 1870 V
4 4
q q
V
R OM t c c t c c
= +
- in th ti M
5
:

1 2
5
5 5
0 0
1 1
. . 1500 V
4 4
q q
V
OM OM t c c t c c
= +