5

Appendix C.2 Gates, Truth Tables, and

Logic Equations

,
:
.

.

:
1
0

, ,
.
3

.
n m
2n , n m

,
: (
)

.
Boole (
19- )

0 1

A A

(x + 0 = x)
(x 1 = x)
:
: x + y = y + x
: x y = y x
:
: x (y + z) = (xy) + (xz)
: x +(yz) = (x+y) (x+z)
: ( x - x)
x + x =1
x x = 0

1: x + 0 = x
1: x 1= x -
2: x +1 =1
2: x 0 = 0 -
3: x + x = x
3: x x = x -
4: x = x -
5: x + x = 1
5: x x = 0
6: x + y = y + x
6: x y = y x -
8

7: x + x y = x
7: x (x + y) = x -
8: (x + y) y = xy
8: x y + y = x + y -
9: (x + y) + z = x + (y + z) = x + y + z
9: (x y) z = x (y z) = x y z -
10: x y + x z = x (y + z)
10: (x + y) (x + z) = x + y z
11: (x + y) (x + z) (y + z) = (x + y) (x + z)
11: x y + x z + y z = x y + x z -
T12: (x+y) (x+z)=x z+x y
13: (x+y)=x y (x1+x2++xn)=x1 x2 xn
T13: (x y)=x + y (x1 x2 xn)=x1 + x2 + + xn -

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Minterm xy, xy, xy, xy

1 x, 0 x
Maxterm x+y, x+y, x+y, x+y
0 x, 1 x



-

10

11

12

F = A + BC
= (B+B)(C+C) =
= ABC+ABC+ABC+ABC
BC = BC(A+A)=ABC+ABC
F=ABC+ABC+ABC+ABC+ABC

F (1,4,5,6,7)
13

F = xy+xz
F=(xy+x)(xy+z)=(x+x)(y+x)(x+z)(y+z)=
(y+x)(x+z)(y+z)
y+x=(y+x)+zz=(y+x+z)(y+x+z)
x+z=(x+z)+yy=(x+z+y)(x+z+y)
y+z=(y+z)+xx=(y+z+x)(y+z+x)

F ( x y z )( x y' z )( x' y z )( x' y z ' )

F (0,2,4,5)

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.

.

.

.
:

F xy x' z (1,3,6,7) (0,2,4,5)

F ' (0,2,4,5)

15

()
()
:
F ( AB CD)( A' B'C ' D' )
ABA' B' ABC ' D' A' B' CD CDC ' D'
A' B' CD ABC ' D'

16

:
f1= x+wyz
f2=BC+ADE
f3=xy+wuv+xz

f1=x+wyz=(x+w)(x+(yz))=(x+w)(x+y)(x+z)
f2=BC+ADE = (BC +A)(BC +DE) =
(B+A)(C+A)(BC+D)(BC+E) =
(B+A)(C+A)(B+D)(C+D)(B+E)(C+E)
f3= xy + wuv + xz = (xy + xz) + wuv =
=[(xy + xz) + w] [(xy + xz) + u][(xy + xz) + v] =
=[x(y + z) + w][x(y + z) + u][x(y + z) + v] =
=(x + w)(y + z + w)(x + u)(y + z + u)(x + v)(y + z + v)

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) xy z x yz xy
) (wx)(w y)(x yz)
) x( y w yz) x y(w z z)
) (w x)(w x yz)(w y)

18

xy z x yz xy xz( y y) xy xz xy

(wx)(w y)(x yz) (w x)(w y)(x y z) (ww wy wx xy )(x y z)

(wy wx xy )(x y z) (wx wy)(x y z)
(xy wy wx) : 11

11 : , xy xz yz xy xz x, y z
w, x y ( ) :
x -> w
y -> x
z -> y
11 : ( wx wy xy ) wx wy ,
.
)

x( y w yz) x y(w z z) xy w x yz x yw z x yz xy x y(w z w z z)

xy x y(z(w w) z) xy x y(z z) xy x y x( y y) x
)

(w x)(w x yz)(w y) (w x yz)(w xy) ww wxy wx xy wyz xyyz

wxy wx xy wyz xy(w 1) w(x yz) xy wx wyz

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(
):
f AB(C D) AC(BD BD)

f AB(C D) AC(BD BD)

f AB(C D ) A C( BD BD) ( AB) (C D ) ( A C) ( BD BD)

A B C D A C ( BD )( BD) A B C D A C ( B D)( B D ) A B C D A C B D BD
0

AA AC AB D ABD BA BC B B D BBD C DA C DC C DB D C DBD

AC AB D ABD AB BC B D AC D BC D

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- (NOT)
(NAND)
(NOR)
NOT, NAND, NOR, AND, OR, XOR, XNOR

21

()

F=1

: F=ABC+ABC+ABC+ABC
22

: AB+AC = A(B+C)

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F (1,4,5,6,7)

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f1 AB ABC ACD

f 2 wyz xy xz yz

f1 AB ABC ACD A( B BC) ACD A( B C) ACD AB AC ACD

AB A(C CD) AB A(C D) AB AC AD A( B C D)

f 2 wyz xy xz yz yz(1 w) xy xz yz xy xz yz xy (z z) xz

yz xyz xy z xz yz(1 x) xz( y 1) yz xz

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