1

1.Business
Kelas Pengantar Bisnis
Fakultas Ekonomi
Universitas Padjadjaran
Bandung 2009
2
Business

An organisation that provides
goods or services to earn profit
3
Profits:

The difference between a
businesss revenues and its
expenses
4
Activity seeking profit
Provides goods/services
Satisfy standard of living- quality
of life

What Is Business?
5
Objectives of Business
Survival
Growth
Profit
Social
Responsibility
6
Opportunities For
Entrepreneurs
Matching Risk With Profit
Revenue - Expense =
Profit(Loss)
Risk

Entrepreneurship
vs.
Employment
7
Factor of Production:

Resources used in the
production of goods and
services:
natural resources,
labour
capital
entrepreneurs
8
Factors of Production
Entrepreneurship
Knowledge
Capital
Labor
Land
9
Factor of Production
Labour (or human resources):
The physical and mental
capabilities of people as they
contribute to economic
production.

Capital:
The funds needed to create and
operate a business enterprise
10
Factor of Production
Physical resources:
Tangible things, organizations,
used in the conduct of their
business

Information resources :
Data and other information used
by business
11
Kelompok Besar Jenis Usaha
Agriculture
Industry
Service

12
Jenis dan Klasifikasi Bisnis
Distributor/
Eksporter
Importer
Industri


Sumber: Kadin
Jasa
Kontraktor
Manufaktur
Penambangan
Perdagangan
Produsen
13
Economics: Use of scarce
resources to produce goods/services,
distribute them among competing
groups/individuals
Land

Labor

Capital


Entrepreneur
ship

Knowledge

14
Supply Curve
Quantity(S)
S
High Low
Price(P)
High
15
Demand Curve
Quantity(S)
High Low
Price(P)
High
D
16
EQUILIBRIUM POINT
Quantity(S)
High Low
Price(P)
High
D
Surplus
Shortage
S
Market Equilibrium
17
Competition
Competition exists in different
degrees, ranging from perfect to
nonexistent
PERFECT COMPETITION exists
when there are many sellers in the
market and no seller is large enough
to dictate the price of a product
Sellers produce products that appear to
be identical
There are no true examples of perfect
competition, but agricultural products
are often used as an example.

18
Degrees of Competition

Sellers
One Many
Monopoly
Oligopoly
Monopolistic
Competition
Perfect
Competition
19
Monopoly
Occurs when there is only one
seller for a product or service
The U.S. laws prohibit the
creation of monopolies, but do
permit approved monopolies such
as public utilities
New legislation is likely to result in
fewer, larger utilities and lower
prices
20
Monopoly = One Seller
Diamonds

Utilities
21
Oligopoly
Is a form of competition in which
just a few sellers dominate a
market
The initial investment is usually
high
Prices tend to be close to the
same
Examples include breakfast
cereal, beer, automobiles, and soft
drinks.
22
Oligopoly = Few Sellers

Tobacco

Automobiles
23
Monopolistic Competition
Exists when a large number of
sellers produce products that
are very similar but are
perceived by buyers as different
Product differentiation, making
buyers think similar products are
different, is a key to success
Under monopolistic competition,
individual sellers set prices
The fast food industry is an
example.
24
Monopolistic Competition =
Many Sellers With Perceived Differences
Fast Food

Colleges
25
Perfect Competition
Exists when there are many
sellers in the market and no
seller is large enough to dictate
the price of a product
Sellers produce products that
appear to be identical
There are no true examples of
perfect competition, but
agricultural products are often
used as an example.
26
Perfect Competition

Buyer
Sellers