1.

Roles of federal, state and local authority in order to ensure an efficient solid waste
management and suggest way to achieve each role.
i) Local authority is responsible for materials collection and recovery. They are also responsible for
ordinance for collection such as container selection, collection truck and routings. Method to achieve
the roles is establishing a department specifically for this task. For example, in each city the city council
must establish a team to collect waste and another team to handle the ordinance. The city council also
needs to provide adequate fund because lack of funding is a cause of inadequate collection which cover
only 40-60%.
ii) State authoritys role is to monitor local agencies for compliance with rules. They also must develop
state policy and plans for solid waste and materials processing facilities. State authority such as Jabatan
Alam Sekitar of each state, must hire enough manpower to monitor each local agencies. Any agencies
that do not comply with the regulation must be punished accordingly and strictly. Leniency is not
acceptable. In order to develop state policy, first the policy must comply with national policy of solid
waste management. Second, the person in charge to develop the policy must be somebody that is in
their expertise.
iii) Federal authoritys role is to develop national policy for solid waste disposal and materials processing
and recovery. Other than that, they must write regulations to implement the mandates of legislation. In
order to write the regulation, a board must be established. The board members must have personnel
that their expertise is related to the solid waste management. Same goes for developing national policy.
The policy must compliant with the act such as EQA.